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4. Priapism Associated With Atypical Antipsychotic Medications

Author

Tiago Ferreira, Alice Luís, Liliana P. Ferreira, Maria Carlota Tomé, Carlos J. Vieira, Teresa Maia, and Filipe F. Godinho

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Schizophrenia, Paranoid, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, Priapism, MEDLINE, Atypical antipsychotic, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Text mining, Clinical report, Schizophrenia, Paliperidone Palmitate, medicine, Humans, business, Antipsychotic Agents
Published
2020
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5. Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms in Dementia : Scooping Review of Neurobiological and Cognitive Underpinnings

Author

F. Martinho, T. Ferreira, D. Magalhães, R. Felício, and F. Godinho

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health
Abstract

Introduction Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) have been described in many neurological disorders, including dementia. A meta-analysis by the authors (2021) reported a prevalence of OCS in dementia of approx. 35.8%, and a higher percentage in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (46.7%). The literature also points that obsessive-compulsive disorder with late-life onset is rare, but those cases are frequently associated with neurologic injury, and some authors suggest a role of cognitive disfunction. Objectives Our main goal was to describe the neurobiologic and cognitive underpinnings of OCS in patients with dementia. Methods MEDLINE, CENTRAL and PsycNet databases were searched for articles about obsessive-compulsive symptoms in dementia. Search terms included “obsessive”, “compulsive”, “OCD”, “cognitive decline”, “cognitive dysfunction” and “dementia”. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened independently by 2 reviewers. Results Correlations between dysfunction / lesions in various circuits in the context of dementia and OCS were found, such as (1) frontal regions (specially the orbitofrontal cortex) and anterior cingulate cortex (2) fronto-striatal-thalamic circuits (3) temporal structures; (4) cerebellar structures; (5) serotoninergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic neurotransmission. A high proportion of studies concerned FTD. Regarding cognitive mechanisms, there is a focus on the importance subjective concerns about cognitive functioning, which could exacerbate obsessional beliefs and maladaptive responses to intrusions. Conclusions The main brain circuits implicated in dementia, specially FTD, and OCS are those involving frontal regions and the fronto-striatal-thalamic circuits, with areas such as the temporal and cerebellar structures algo being studied. The correlation between dysfunctional circuits in dementia and OCS could give us new hints about OCD and its treatment. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Published
2022
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6. Sensitization with babassu mesocarp induces activation of murine splenocytes against tumor cells

Author

Mayara C. Pinto, Diêgo de Sousa Arruda, Elza Moraes, Josemar M. F. Godinho, Graciomar C. Costa, Luce Maria Brandão Torres, Rosane N. M. Guerra, Vanessa F. Oliveira, Ana Paula Silva de Azevedo-Santos, Leticia Prince Pereira Pontes, Caroline S. C. Almeida, and Flávia R. F. Nascimento

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pharmacology, Sucrose, medicine.medical_treatment, Pharmaceutical Science, Interleukin, Plant Science, Molecular biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune system, Complementary and alternative medicine, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Drug Discovery, Cancer cell, medicine, Splenocyte, Cytotoxic T cell, Adjuvant, Sensitization
Abstract

Attallea speciosa Mart. (babassu) fruit contains a mesocarp that is rich in carbohydrates with immunomodulatory effects. The induction of the tolerogenic response is a tumor escape mechanism, and immunomodulator adjuvants have been studied to reestablish host immunogenicity. This study evaluates the adjuvant potential of babassu mesocarp carbohydrates in a tumor model. The babassu mesocarp extraction (BME) yield was 75.54%, and the total sugar concentration was 29.79 mg ml-1 containing monosaccharides, reducing sugars, polysaccharides and 0.506 mg ml-1 total protein. Chromatography analysis identified glucose, sucrose and fructose. Sensitization increased the spleen weight in the tumor group compared with the control, and a comparatively lower frequency of T helper and higher frequency of B-lymphocytes was also observed. The tumor+BME group had more cytotoxic T lymphocytes compared with the control. After co-culture with cancer cells, the tumor splenocytes showed lower proliferation, lower frequency of T helper cells and higher concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6 and IL-10. However, the tumor+BME splenocytes presented results similar to the control, suggesting a reduction in the regulatory response of the tumor group. These results demonstrated that BME sensitization with cancer cells modulated an immune response in Balb/c animals, indicating an immunogenic effect. Key words: Arecaceae, Attallea speciosa Mart., adjuvant, carbohydrate, antitumor.

Published
2016
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7. Proliferation and fission of peroxisomes — An update

Author

Joseph L. Costello, Michael Schrader, Markus Islinger, Afsoon S. Azadi, and Luis F. Godinho

Subjects
Dynamins, 0301 basic medicine, FIS1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, Peroxisome Proliferation, Biology, Endoplasmic Reticulum, GTP Phosphohydrolases, Mitochondrial Proteins, Peroxins, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Yeasts, Peroxisomes, Animals, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Regulation of gene expression, Organelle Biogenesis, Mechanism (biology), Membrane Proteins, Biological Transport, Cell Biology, Plants, Peroxisome, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Cell biology, Eukaryotic Cells, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, chemistry, Mutation, Organelle biogenesis, Signal transduction, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Signal Transduction
Abstract

In mammals, peroxisomes perform crucial functions in cellular metabolism, signalling and viral defense which are essential to the health and viability of the organism. In order to achieve this functional versatility peroxisomes dynamically respond to molecular cues triggered by changes in the cellular environment. Such changes elicit a corresponding response in peroxisomes, which manifests itself as a change in peroxisome number, altered enzyme levels and adaptations to the peroxisomal structure. In mammals the generation of new peroxisomes is a complex process which has clear analogies to mitochondria, with both sharing the same division machinery and undergoing a similar division process. How the regulation of this division process is integrated into the cell's response to different stimuli, the signalling pathways and factors involved, remains somewhat unclear. Here, we discuss the mechanism of peroxisomal fission, the contributions of the various division factors and examine the potential impact of post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, on the proliferation process. We also summarize the signalling process and highlight the most recent data linking signalling pathways with peroxisome proliferation.

Published
2016
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8. Evaluation of the Portuguese population exposure to ionizing radiation due to x-ray and nuclear medicine procedures from 2013 to 2017

Author

V. Antunes, L. Líbano, Senhorinha F. C. F. Teixeira, J. Silveira, Pedro Teles, J. Robalo, A. Geão, D. Calado, F. Godinho, P. Simaozinho, Francisco Alves, Alexandra Vaz, D. Neves, M. Trincão, A.L. Carvalho, R. Moreira, Eduarda Pereira, S. Pintao, J. Isidoro, H. Pereira, M.F. Loureiro, Jorge Pereira, J. Vale, J.A.M. Santos, João Santos, G. Cantinho, Prudência Vaz, A. Domingues, R. Macedo, Maura Santos Reis de Andrade da Silva, I. Lança, and A. Pimenta Marinho

Subjects
endocrine system, Radiation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Radiation dose, X-ray, Bone imaging, Collective dose, 01 natural sciences, Effective dose (radiation), 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Ionizing radiation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0103 physical sciences, Cardiac procedures, Medicine, Portuguese population, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract

This work provides an estimation of the exposure of the Portuguese population to ionizing radiation due to radiodiagnostic (x-ray and nuclear medicine (NM)) procedures, between 2013 and 2017, using the methodology proposed by the European Commission. Obtained results show that the estimated annual mean effective dose to the Portuguese population due to x-ray procedures increased by about 16%, from 0.75 ± 0.48 mSv per caput in 2013 to 0.89 ± 0.56 mSv per caput in 2017. The x-ray exam type that contributes the most to the collective dose in Portugal is Computed Tomography (CT). In the case of nuclear medicine, an increase in the annual effective dose from 0.088 ± 0.001 mSv per caput in 2013 to 0.090 ± 0.002 mSv per caput in 2017 was observed, with the procedures that contribute the most to the collective dose being bone imaging and cardiac procedures. This study intends to raise awareness to the need of optimization of radiation dose in medical procedures.

Published
2020
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9. Traumatic Open Anterior Hip Dislocation in an Adult Male: A Case Report

Author

Vinicius F Ribeiro de Oliveira, Silvio L Macedo, Gary Alan A Montano, Vincenzo Giordano Neto, Vanessa C Bandeira, Anderson Freitas, Celio Silva, and Patrick F Godinho

Subjects
Orthodontics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adult male, business.industry, General Engineering, MEDLINE, Surgery, Text mining, Harris Hip Score, Dislocation (syntax), Femoral head necrosis, Medicine, Dislocation Fracture, Surgical treatment, business
Abstract

This case report describes the surgical treatment and one-year follow-up of an adult male patient, who was treated for a severe anterior open hip dislocation fracture with no sign of femoral head necrosis and maintaining a Harris Hip Score (HHS) of 93.

Published
2019
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10. Extraction of hip arthroplasty for intrapelvic migration by pararectus-abdominis approach in an elderly patient

Author

Silvio Leite de Macedo Neto, Diogo Ranier de Macedo Souto, Anderson Freitas, Patrick F Godinho, and Ana Patrícia de Paula

Subjects
030222 orthopedics, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Hip arthroplasty, 0302 clinical medicine, business.industry, Extraction (chemistry), medicine, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, business, Elderly patient, Surgery
Published
2016
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11. Peroxisome-mitochondria interplay and disease

Author

Markus Islinger, Michael Schrader, Luis F. Godinho, and Joseph L. Costello

Subjects
Mitochondrial Diseases, genetic structures, Oxidative phosphorylation, Biology, Mitochondrion, Peroxisomal Disorders, Membrane fission, Organelle, Peroxisomes, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Genetics (clinical), chemistry.chemical_classification, Fatty Acids, Fatty acid, Metabolism, Peroxisome, Human genetics, Mitochondria, Cell biology, Biochemistry, chemistry, Virus Diseases, Mitochondrial Membranes, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract

Peroxisomes and mitochondria are ubiquitous, highly dynamic organelles with an oxidative type of metabolism in eukaryotic cells. Over the years, substantial evidence has been provided that peroxisomes and mitochondria exhibit a close functional interplay which impacts on human health and development. The so-called "peroxisome-mitochondria connection" includes metabolic cooperation in the degradation of fatty acids, a redox-sensitive relationship, an overlap in key components of the membrane fission machineries and cooperation in anti-viral signalling and defence. Furthermore, combined peroxisome-mitochondria disorders with defects in organelle division have been revealed. In this review, we present the latest progress in the emerging field of peroxisomal and mitochondrial interplay in mammals with a particular emphasis on cooperative fatty acid β-oxidation, redox interplay, organelle dynamics, cooperation in anti-viral signalling and the resulting implications for disease.

Published
2015
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12. Estimation of the collective ionizing dose in the Portuguese population for the years 2011 and 2012, due to nuclear medicine exams

Author

Aline Silva Barreto, António J.A. Nogueira, P. Vaz, Manuela Vieira, C. Barros, B. Martins, Ricardo Dias de Castro, R. Parafita, Lucília Salgado, D. Neves, Jorge Pereira, Pedro Almeida, Guilhermina Cantinho, I. Conde, C. Gaspar, T. Lucio, E Rodrigues, P. Simaozinho, Carla Oliveira, J. Vale, Gabriela R. Cardoso, Ana Santos, Pedro Teles, Aurora Carvalho, F. R. C. Costa, J.A.M. Santos, M. T. Rézio, Durval C. Costa, S. Pintao, F. Godinho, Francisco Alves, T. Reis, J. Isidoro, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

Subjects
Adult, Dosagem de Radiação, Dose Datamed II, Annual average, Total population, Radiation Dosage, Nationwide survey, Effective dose (radiation), Bone and Bones, Ionizing radiation, Portuguese population, Radiation, Ionizing, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Child, Radionuclide Imaging, General Environmental Science, Effective dose, Portugal, business.industry, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, General Engineering, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Radiation Exposure, Collective dose, language.human_language, Health Care Surveys, Positron-Emission Tomography, Nuclear medicine, language, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Medicina Nuclear, Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital, Radiopharmaceuticals, Portuguese, business
Abstract

© 2014 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMNIM. All rights reserved., Objectives: In 2009-2010 a Portuguese consortium was created to implement the methodologies proposed by the Dose Datamed II (DDM2) project, aiming to collect data from diagnostic X-ray and nuclear medicine (NM) procedures, in order to determine the most frequently prescribed exams and the associated ionizing radiation doses for the Portuguese population. The current study is the continuation of this work, although it focuses only on NM exams for the years 2011 and 2012. Material and methods: The annual frequency of each of the 28 selected NM exams and the average administered activity per procedure was obtained by means of a nationwide survey sent to the 35 NM centres in Portugal. Results: The results show a reduction of the number of cardiac exams performed in the last two years compared with 2010, leading to a reduction of the annual average effective dose of Portuguese population due to NM exams from 0.08 mSv ± 0.017 mSv/caput to 0.059 ± 0.011 mSv/caput in 2011 and 0.054 ± 0.011 mSv/caput in 2012. Portuguese total annual average collective effective dose due to medical procedures was estimated to be 625.6 ± 110.9 manSv in 2011 and 565.1 ± 117.3 manSv in 2012, a reduction in comparison with 2010 (840.3 ± 183.8 manSv). Conclusions: The most frequent exams and the ones that contributed the most for total population dose were the cardiac and bone exams, although a decrease observed in 2011 and in 2012 was verified. The authors intend to perform this study periodically to identify trends in the annual Portuguese average effective dose and to help to raise awareness about the potential dose optimization.

Published
2015
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13. Determination of Peroxisomal pH in Living Mammalian Cells Using pHRed

Author

Luis F, Godinho and Michael, Schrader

Subjects
Luminescent Proteins, Microscopy, Confocal, Genes, Reporter, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Peroxisomes, Gene Expression, Biosensing Techniques, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Abstract

Organelle pH homeostasis is crucial for maintaining proper cellular function. The nature of the peroxisomal pH remains somewhat controversial, with several studies reporting conflicting results. Here, we describe in detail a rapid and accurate method for the measurement of peroxisomal pH, using the pHRed sensor protein and confocal microscopy of living mammalian cells. pHRed, a ratiometric sensor of pH, is targeted to the peroxisomes by virtue of a C-terminal targeting sequence. The probe has a maximum fluorescence emission at 610 nm while exhibiting dual excitation peaks at 440 and 585 nm, allowing for ratiometric imaging and determination of intracellular pH in live cell microscopy.

Published
2017

14. Analysis of mechanical strength to fixing the femoral neck fracture in synthetic bone type Asnis

Author

Jonathan Sampaio de Oliveira, Patrick F Godinho, Welder Fernandes Lula, Rafael Almeida Maciel, Diogo Ranier de Macedo Souto, and Anderson Freitas

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Osteotomy, Femoral Neck Fractures, Biomechanical phenomena, Mechanical strength, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Displacement (orthopedic surgery), Fixation (histology), Femoral neck, Orthopedic surgery, Orthodontics, Femoral neck fractures, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Synthetic bone, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Fracture (geology), Medicine, Original Article, business, RD701-811, Fracture fixation, internal
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of biomechanical assays of fixation of Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture in synthetic bone, using 7.5mm cannulated screws in inverted triangle formation, in relation to the control group. METHODS: Ten synthetic bones were used, from a domestic brand, divided into two groups: test and control. In the test group, a 70° tilt osteotomy of the femoral neck was fixated using three cannulated screws in inverted triangle formation. The resistance of this fixation and its rotational deviation were analyzed at 5mm displacement (phase 1) and 10mm displacement (phase 2). The control group was tested in its integrity until the fracture of the femoral neck occurred. The Mann-Whitney test was used for group analysis and comparison. RESULTS: The values in the test group in phase 1, in samples 1-5, showed a mean of 579N and SD =77N. Rotational deviations showed a mean of 3.33°, SD = 2.63°. In phase 2, the mean was 696N and SD =106N. The values of the maximum load in the control group had a mean of 1329N and SD=177N. CONCLUSION: The analysis of mechanical strength between the groups determined a statistically significant lower value in the test group. Level of Evidence III, Control Case.

Published
2014
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15. Crystal structures of two Bacillus carboxylesterases with different enantioselectivities

Author

Henriëtte J. Rozeboom, Marco Nardini, Bauke W. Dijkstra, Luis F. Godinho, Wim J. Quax, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, X-ray Crystallography, Biopharmaceuticals, Discovery, Design and Delivery (BDDD), and Nanotechnology and Biophysics in Medicine (NANOBIOMED)

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation, Stereochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular modeling, Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Crystallography, X-Ray, Biochemistry, Carboxylesterase, Analytical Chemistry, Hydrolysis, Catalytic Domain, Catalytic triad, Hydrolase, Molecular Biology, X-ray crystallography, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, MCP hydrolase, Sodium, α/β Hydrolase, Active site, Stereoisomerism, biology.organism_classification, Amino acid, Enzyme, chemistry, biology.protein, Crystallization, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
Abstract

Naproxen esterase (NP) from Bacillus subtilis Thai I-8 is a carboxylesterase that catalyzes the enantioselective hydrolysis of naproxenmethylester to produce S-naproxen (E > 200). It is a homolog of CesA (98% sequence identity) and CesB (64% identity), both produced by B. subtilis strain 168. CesB can be used for the enantioselective hydrolysis of 1,2-O-isopropylideneglycerol (solketal) esters (E > 200 for IPG-caprylate). Crystal structures of NP and CesB, determined to a resolution of 1.75 Å and 2.04 Å, respectively, showed that both proteins have a canonical α/β hydrolase fold with an extra N-terminal helix stabilizing the cap subdomain. The active site in both enzymes is located in a deep hydrophobic groove and includes the catalytic triad residues Ser130, His274, and Glu245. A product analog, presumably 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)acetic acid, was bound in the NP active site. The enzymes have different enantioselectivities, which previously were shown to result from only a few amino acid substitutions in the cap domain. Modeling of a substrate in the active site of NP allowed explaining the different enantioselectivities. In addition, Ala156 may be a determinant of enantioselectivity as well, since its side chain appears to interfere with the binding of certain R-enantiomers in the active site of NP. However, the exchange route for substrate and product between the active site and the solvent is not obvious from the structures. Flexibility of the cap domain might facilitate such exchange. Interestingly, both carboxylesterases show higher structural similarity to meta-cleavage compound (MCP) hydrolases than to other α/β hydrolase fold esterases.

Published
2014
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16. The Prevention of Money Laundering in Macau Casinos

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Record keeping, Structure (mathematical logic), Government, Commerce, business.industry, Financial intelligence, Accounting, Business, Money laundering, Due diligence, Field (computer science), Unit (housing)
Abstract

This paper makes a detailed analysis of the legal mechanisms in place in the Macau Special Administrative Region for the prevention and detection of money laundering through the gaming industry, especially in casinos. The discussion covers the basic pillars which are customer due diligence, record keeping and reporting of transactions to the government. The system in place in the gaming sector has the unique feature that it requires the systematic disclosure of all transactions above a specific amount, a rule that does not exist in the field of banking. The paper analyzes the data available on transactions reported since 2007, when the new financial intelligence unit completed its first full year in operation. The particular challenges presented by the peculiar structure of the Macau gaming market, which is heavily dependent on gaming promoters (known as 'junkets') are discussed.

Published
2013
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17. Determination of Peroxisomal pH in Living Mammalian Cells Using pHRed

Author

Michael Schrader and Luis F. Godinho

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, Intracellular pH, Biology, Peroxisome, Fluorescence, law.invention, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Live cell imaging, Confocal microscopy, law, Organelle, Microscopy, Biophysics, Function (biology)
Abstract

Organelle pH homeostasis is crucial for maintaining proper cellular function. The nature of the peroxisomal pH remains somewhat controversial, with several studies reporting conflicting results. Here, we describe in detail a rapid and accurate method for the measurement of peroxisomal pH, using the pHRed sensor protein and confocal microscopy of living mammalian cells. pHRed, a ratiometric sensor of pH, is targeted to the peroxisomes by virtue of a C-terminal targeting sequence. The probe has a maximum fluorescence emission at 610 nm while exhibiting dual excitation peaks at 440 and 585 nm, allowing for ratiometric imaging and determination of intracellular pH in live cell microscopy.

Published
2017
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18. A History of Games of Chance in Macau: Part 2—The Foundation of the Macau Gaming Industry

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Game of chance, Politics, Political science, Law, Foundation (evidence), Governor
Abstract

This is the second in a series of articles on the history of gaming in Macau. This article discusses the political and economic circumstances in which the decisions to legalize gaming took place in 1847 and 1849 by Governor Ferreira do Amaral (g. 1846-49) and how it was an immediate success.

Published
2013
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19. An Esterase with Superior Activity and Enantioselectivity towards 1,2-O-Isopropylideneglycerol Esters Obtained by Protein Design

Author

Wim J. Quax, Carlos R. Reis, Gerrit J. Poelarends, Luis F. Godinho, Ronald van Merkerk, Biopharmaceuticals, Discovery, Design and Delivery (BDDD), Medicinal Chemistry and Bioanalysis (MCB), and Nanotechnology and Biophysics in Medicine (NANOBIOMED)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Stereochemistry, Chemistry, DIRECTED EVOLUTION, Protein design, Active site, protein engineering, General Chemistry, Butyrate, Protein engineering, Directed evolution, Esterase, BACILLUS-COAGULANS, Kinetic resolution, esterases, Enzyme, RESOLUTION, enantioselectivity, Escherichia coli, MOLECULAR DOCKING, biology.protein, kinetic resolution, ENZYMES, BIOCATALYSTS
Abstract

The Escherichia coli esterase YbfF displays high activity towards 1,2-O-isopropylideneglycerol (IPG) butyrate and IPG caprylate, and prefers the R-enantiomer of these substrates, producing the S-enantiomer of the IPG product in excess. To improve the potential of the enzyme for the kinetic resolution of racemic esters of IPG, an enhancement of the activity and enantioselectivity would be highly desirable. Molecular docking of the R-enantiomer of both IPG esters into the active site of YbfF allowed the identification of proximal YbfF active site residues. Four residues (25, 124, 185 and 235) were selected as targets for mutagenesis, in order to enhance YbfF activity and enantioselectivity towards IPG esters. Random mutagenesis at positions 25, 124, 185 and 235 yielded several best YbfF variants with enhanced activity and enantioselectivity towards IPG esters. The best YbfF mutant, W235I, exhibited a 2-fold higher enantioselectivity than wild-type YbfF, with an E=38 for IPG butyrate and an E=77 for IPG caprylate. Molecular docking experiments further support the enhanced enantioselectivity shown experimentally and the structural effects of this amino acid substitution on the active site of YbfF are provided. The engineered W235I mutant is an attractive catalyst for practical applications in the kinetic resolution of IPG esters.

Published
2012
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20. A History of Games of Chance in Macau: Part I—Introduction

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Game of chance, History, Key features, Period (music), Genealogy
Abstract

This is the first part of a series of articles on the history of games chance in Macau.This first part describes the purposes of writing this history, names some of the challenges faced and sets out the main periods of the history of gaming and the key features of each period.

Published
2012
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21. How the pain of others enhances our pain: Searching the cerebral correlates of ‘compassional hyperalgesia’

Author

Caroline Perchet, Maud Frot, Luis Garcia-Larrea, I. Faillenot, M. Magnin, and F. Godinho

Subjects
Neural correlates of consciousness, medicine.diagnostic_test, Subliminal stimuli, Multisensory integration, Sensory system, Stimulus (physiology), Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hyperalgesia, medicine, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroscience, Insula
Abstract

Observing other people's pain increases our own reports to painful stimuli, a phenomenon that can be defined as 'compassional hyperalgesia' (CH). This functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined the neural correlates of CH, and whether CH could emerge when exposure to the driving stimulus was subliminal. Subjects received electric somatosensory stimuli while observing images of people undergoing painful or enjoyable somatic sensations, presented during a period allowing or not allowing conscious perception. The intensity attributed to painful stimuli increased significantly when these were delivered close to images showing human pain, but only when such images were consciously perceived. The basic core of the Pain Matrix (SI, SII, insula, mid-anterior cingulate) was activated by painful stimuli, but its activation magnitude did not increase during CH. Compassional hyperalgesia was associated with increased activity in polymodal areas involved in emotional tuning (anterior prefrontal, pregenual cingulated) and areas involved in multisensory integration and short-term memory (dorsolateral prefrontal, temporo-parieto-occipital junction). CH appears as a high-order phenomenon needing conscious appraisal of the eliciting visual stimulus, and supported by polymodal areas distinct from the basic Pain Matrix. This suggests that compassion to pain does not result from a mere 'sensory resonance' in pain networks, but rather from an interaction between the output of a first-line processing in the Pain Matrix, and the activity of a high-order network involving multisensory integration (temporo-parietal), encoding of internal states (mid-prefrontal) and short-time memory encoding (dorsolateral prefrontal). The Pain Matrix cannot be considered as an 'objective' correlate of the pain experience in all situations.

Published
2011
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22. Discovery of an Escherichia coli Esterase with High Activity and Enantioselectivity toward 1,2- O -Isopropylideneglycerol Esters

Author

Carlos R. Reis, Pieter G. Tepper, Wim J. Quax, Gerrit J. Poelarends, Luis F. Godinho, Biopharmaceuticals, Discovery, Design and Delivery (BDDD), Medicinal Chemistry and Bioanalysis (MCB), and Nanotechnology and Biophysics in Medicine (NANOBIOMED)

Subjects
Glycerol, Models, Molecular, PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS, CARBOXYLESTERASE, Gene Expression, Bacillus subtilis, Alkenes, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Esterase, BACILLUS-SUBTILIS, Substrate Specificity, Kinetic resolution, Gene Knockout Techniques, MOLECULAR DOCKING, Escherichia coli, medicine, Enzymology and Protein Engineering, Cloning, Molecular, Lipase, Enantiomeric excess, chemistry.chemical_classification, BIOCATALYSIS, PURIFICATION, Ecology, biology, Escherichia coli Proteins, Esterases, Esters, Stereoisomerism, biology.organism_classification, Recombinant Proteins, Enzyme, SELECTIVITY, chemistry, Biochemistry, Biocatalysis, biology.protein, ENZYMES, GENOMICS, SUBTILIS LIPASE-A, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Escherichia coli has been widely used as an expression host for the identification of desired biocatalysts through screening or selection assays. We have previously used E. coli in growth selection and screening assays for identification of Bacillus subtilis lipase variants (located in the periplasm) with improved activity and enantioselectivity toward 1,2- O -isopropylideneglycerol (IPG) esters. In the course of these studies, we discovered that E. coli itself exhibits significant cytoplasmic esterase activity toward IPG esters. In order to identify the enzyme (or enzymes) responsible for this esterase activity, we analyzed eight E. coli knockout strains, in which single esterase genes were deleted, for their ability to hydrolyze IPG butyrate. This approach led to the identification of esterase YbfF as the major E. coli enzyme responsible for the hydrolytic activity toward IPG esters. The gene coding for YbfF was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli , and the corresponding protein was purified and characterized for its biocatalytic performance. YbfF displays a high level of activity toward IPG butyrate and IPG caprylate and prefers the R -enantiomer of these substrates, producing the S -enantiomer of the IPG product with high enantiomeric excess (72 to 94% ee ). The enantioselectivity of YbfF for IPG caprylate ( E = 40) could be significantly enhanced when using dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as cosolvents in kinetic resolution experiments. The enzyme also shows high enantioselectivity toward 1-phenylethyl acetate ( E ≥ 200), giving the chiral product ( R )-1-phenylethanol with >99% ee . The high activity and enantioselectivity of YbfF make it an attractive enzyme for organic synthesis.

Published
2011
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23. Abstracts

Author

V. Dunet, A. Dabiri, G. Allenbach, A. Goyeneche Achigar, B. Waeber, F. Feihl, R. Heinzer, J. O. Prior, J. E. Van Velzen, J. D. Schuijf, F. R. De Graaf, M. A. De Graaf, M. J. Schalij, L. J. Kroft, A. De Roos, J. W. Jukema, E. E. Van Der Wall, J. J. Bax, E. Lankinen, A. Saraste, T. Noponen, R. Klen, M. Teras, T. Kokki, S. Kajander, M. Pietila, H. Ukkonen, J. Knuuti, A. P. Pazhenkottil, R. N. Nkoulou, J. R. Ghadri, B. A. Herzog, R. R. Buechel, S. M. Kuest, M. Wolfrum, O. Gaemperli, L. Husmann, P. A. Kaufmann, D. Andreini, G. Pontone, S. Mushtaq, L. Antonioli, E. Bertella, A. Formenti, S. Cortinovis, G. Ballerini, C. Fiorentini, M. Pepi, A. S. Koh, J. S. Flores, F. Y. J. Keng, R. S. Tan, T. S. J. Chua, A. D. Annoni, G. Tamborini, M. Fusari, A. L. Bartorelli, S. H. Ewe, A. C. T. Ng, V. Delgado, J. Schuijf, F. Van Der Kley, A. Colli, A. De Weger, N. A. Marsan, K. H. Yiu, A. C. Ng, S. A. J. Timmer, P. Knaapen, T. Germans, P. A. Dijkmans, M. Lubberink, J. M. Ten Berg, F. J. Ten Cate, I. K. Russel, A. A. Lammertsma, A. C. Van Rossum, Y. Y. Wong, G. Ruiter, P. Raijmakers, W. J. Van Der Laarse, N. Westerhof, A. Vonk-Noordegraaf, G. Youssef, E. Leung, G. Wisenberg, C. Marriot, K. Williams, J. Etele, R. A. Dekemp, J. Dasilva, D. Birnie, R. S. B. Beanlands, R. C. Thompson, A. H. Allam, L. S. Wann, A. H. Nureldin, G. Adelmaksoub, I. Badr, M. L. Sutherland, J. D. Sutherland, M. I. Miyamoto, G. S. Thomas, H. J. Harms, S. De Haan, M. C. Huisman, R. C. Schuit, A. D. Windhorst, C. Allaart, A. J. Einstein, T. Khawaja, C. Greer, A. Chokshi, M. Jones, K. Schaefle, K. Bhatia, D. Shimbo, P. C. Schulze, A. Srivastava, R. Chettiar, J. Moody, C. Weyman, D. Natale, W. Bruni, Y. Liu, E. Ficaro, A. J. Sinusas, A. Peix, E. Batista, L. O. Cabrera, K. Padron, L. Rodriguez, B. Sainz, V. Mendoza, R. Carrillo, Y. Fernandez, E. Mena, A. Naum, T. Bach-Gansmo, N. Kleven-Madsen, M. Biermann, B. Johnsen, J. Aase Husby, S. Rotevatn, J. E. Nordrehaug, J. Schaap, R. M. Kauling, M. C. Post, B. J. W. M. Rensing, J. F. Verzijlbergen, J. Sanchez, G. Giamouzis, N. Tziolas, P. Georgoulias, G. Karayannis, A. Chamaidi, N. Zavos, K. Koutrakis, G. Sitafidis, J. Skoularigis, F. Triposkiadis, S. Radovanovic, A. Djokovic, D. V. Simic, M. Krotin, A. Savic-Radojevic, M. Pljesa-Ercegovac, M. Zdravkovic, J. Saponjski, S. Jelic, T. Simic, R. Eckardt, B. J. Kjeldsen, L. I. Andersen, T. Haghfelt, P. Grupe, A. Johansen, B. Hesse, H. Pena, G. Cantinho, M. Wilk, Y. Srour, F. Godinho, N. Zafrir, A. Gutstein, I. Mats, A. Battler, A. Solodky, E. Sari, N. Singh, A. Vara, A. M. Peters, A. De Belder, S. Nair, N. Ryan, R. James, S. Dizdarevic, G. Depuey, M. Friedman, R. Wray, R. Old, H. Babla, B. Chuanyong, J. Maddahi, E. Tragardh Johansson, K. Sjostrand, L. Edenbrandt, S. Aguade-Bruix, G. Cuberas-Borros, M. N. Pizzi, M. Sabate-Fernandez, G. De Leon, D. Garcia-Dorado, J. Castell-Conesa, J. Candell-Riera, D. Casset-Senon, M. Edjlali-Goujon, D. Alison, A. Delhommais, P. Cosnay, C. S. Low, A. Notghi, J. O'brien, A. C. Tweddel, N. Bingham, P. O Neil, M. Harbinson, O. Lindner, W. Burchert, M. Schaefers, C. Marcassa, R. Campini, P. Calza, O. Zoccarato, A. Kisko, J. Kmec, M. Babcak, M. Vereb, M. Vytykacova, J. Cencarik, P. Gazdic, J. Stasko, A. Abreu, E. Pereira, L. Oliveira, P. Colarinha, V. Veloso, I. Enriksson, G. Proenca, P. Delgado, L. Rosario, J. Sequeira, I. Kosa, I. Vassanyi, C. S. Egyed, G. Y. Kozmann, S. Morita, M. Nanasato, I. Nanbu, Y. Yoshida, H. Hirayama, A. Allam, A. Sharef, I. Shawky, M. Farid, M. Mouden, J. P. Ottervanger, J. R. Timmer, M. J. De Boer, S. Reiffers, P. L. Jager, S. Knollema, G. M. Nasr, M. Mohy Eldin, M. Ragheb, I. Casans-Tormo, R. Diaz-Exposito, F. J. Hurtado-Mauricio, R. Ruano, M. Diego, F. Gomez-Caminero, C. Albarran, A. Martin De Arriba, A. Rosero, R. Lopez, C. Martin Luengo, J. R. Garcia-Talavera, I. E. K. Laitinen, M. Rudelius, E. Weidl, G. Henriksen, H. J. Wester, M. Schwaiger, X. B. Pan, T. Schindler, A. Quercioli, H. Zaidi, O. Ratib, J. M. Declerck, E. Alexanderson Rosas, R. Jacome, M. Jimenez-Santos, E. Romero, M. A. Pena-Cabral, A. Meave, J. Gonzalez, F. Rouzet, L. Bachelet, J. M. Alsac, M. Suzuki, L. Louedec, A. Petiet, F. Chaubet, D. Letourneur, J. B. Michel, D. Le Guludec, A. Aktas, A. Cinar, G. Yaman, T. Bahceci, K. Kavak, A. Gencoglu, A. Jimenez-Heffernan, E. Sanchez De Mora, J. Lopez-Martin, R. Lopez-Aguilar, C. Ramos, C. Salgado, A. Ortega, C. Sanchez-Gonzalez, J. Roa, A. Tobaruela, S. V. Nesterov, O. Turta, M. Maki, C. Han, D. Daou, M. Tawileh, S. O. Chamouine, C. Coaguila, E. Mariscal-Labrador, N. Kisiel-Gonzalez, P. De Araujo Goncalves, P. J. Sousa, H. Marques, J. O'neill, J. Pisco, R. Cale, J. Brito, A. Gaspar, F. P. Machado, J. Roquette, M. Martinez, G. Melendez, E. Kimura, J. M. Ochoa, A. M. Alessio, A. Patel, R. Lautamaki, F. M. Bengel, J. B. Bassingthwaighte, J. H. Caldwell, K. Rahbar, H. Seifarth, M. Schafers, L. Stegger, T. Spieker, A. Hoffmeier, D. Maintz, H. Scheld, O. Schober, M. Weckesser, H. Aoki, I. Matsunari, K. Kajinami, M. Martin Fernandez, M. Barreiro Perez, O. V. Fernandez Cimadevilla, D. Leon Duran, E. Velasco Alonso, J. P. Florez Munoz, L. H. Luyando, C. Templin, C. E. Veltman, J. H. C. Reiber, S. Venuraju, A. Yerramasu, S. Atwal, A. Lahiri, T. Kunimasa, M. Shiba, K. Ishii, J. Aikawa, E. S. J. Kroner, K. T. Ho, Q. W. Yong, K. C. Chua, C. Panknin, C. J. Roos, J. M. Van Werkhoven, A. J. Witkowska-Grzeslo, M. J. Boogers, D. V. Anand, D. Dey, D. Berman, F. Mut, R. Giubbini, L. Lusa, T. Massardo, A. Iskandrian, M. Dondi, A. Sato, Y. Kakefuda, E. Ojima, T. Adachi, A. Atsumi, T. Ishizu, Y. Seo, M. Hiroe, K. Aonuma, M. Kruk, R. Pracon, C. Kepka, J. Pregowski, A. Kowalewska, M. Pilka, M. Opolski, I. Michalowska, Z. Dzielinska, M. Demkow, V. Stoll, N. Sabharwal, A. Chakera, O. Ormerod, H. Fernandes, M. Bernardes, E. Martins, P. Oliveira, T. Vieira, G. Terroso, A. Oliveira, T. Faria, F. Ventura, J. Pereira, S. Fukuzawa, M. Inagaki, J. Sugioka, A. Ikeda, S. Okino, J. Maekawa, T. Uchiyama, N. Kamioka, S. Ichikawa, M. Afshar, R. Alvi, N. Aguilar, R. Ippili, H. Shaqra, J. Bella, N. Bhalodkar, A. Dos Santos, M. Daicz, L. O. Cendoya, H. G. Marrero, J. Casuscelli, M. Embon, G. Vera Janavel, E. Duronto, E. P. Gurfinkel, C. M. Cortes, Y. Takeishi, K. Nakajima, Y. Yamasaki, T. Nishimura, K. Hayes Brown, F. Collado, M. Alhaji, J. Green, S. Alexander, R. Vashistha, S. Jain, F. Aldaas, J. Shanes, R. Doukky, K. Ashikaga, Y. J. Akashi, M. Uemarsu, R. Kamijima, K. Yoneyama, K. Omiya, Y. Miyake, Y. Brodov, U. Raval, A. Berezin, V. Seden, E. Koretskaya, T. A. Panasenko, S. Matsuo, S. Kinuya, J. Chen, R. J. Van Bommel, B. Van Der Hiel, P. Dibbets-Schneider, E. V. Garcia, I. Rutten-Vermeltfoort, M. M. J. Gevers, B. Verhoeven, A. B. Dijk Van, E. Raaijmakers, P. G. H. M. Raijmakers, J. E. Engvall, M. Gjerde, J. De Geer, E. Olsson, P. Quick, A. Persson, M. Mazzanti, M. Marini, L. Pimpini, G. P. Perna, C. Marciano, P. Gargiulo, M. Galderisi, C. D'amore, G. Savarese, L. Casaretti, S. Paolillo, A. Cuocolo, P. Perrone Filardi, M. Al-Amoodi, E. C. Thompson, K. Kennedy, K. A. Bybee, A. I. Mcghie, J. H. O'keefe, T. M. Bateman, R. L. F. Van Der Palen, A. M. Mavinkurve-Groothuis, B. Bulten, L. Bellersen, H. W. M. Van Laarhoven, L. Kapusta, L. F. De Geus-Oei, P. P. Pollice, M. B. Bonifazi, F. P. Pollice, I. P. Clements, D. O. Hodge, C. G. Scott, M. De Ville De Goyet, B. Brichard, T. Pirotte, S. Moniotte, R. A. Tio, A. Elvan, R. A. I. O. Dierckx, R. H. J. A. Slart, T. Furuhashi, M. Moroi, H. Hase, N. Joki, H. Masai, R. Nakazato, H. Fukuda, K. Sugi, K. Kryczka, E. Kaczmarska, J. Petryka, L. Mazurkiewicz, W. Ruzyllo, P. Smanio, E. Vieira Segundo, M. Siqueira, J. Kelendjian, J. Ribeiro, J. Alaca, M. Oliveira, F. Alves, I. Peovska, J. Maksimovic, M. Vavlukis, N. Kostova, D. Pop Gorceva, V. Majstorov, M. Zdraveska, S. Hussain, M. Djearaman, E. Hoey, L. Morus, O. Erinfolami, A. Macnamara, M. P. Opolski, A. Witkowski, V. Berti, F. Ricci, R. Gallicchio, W. Acampa, G. Cerisano, C. Vigorito, R. Sciagra', A. Pupi, H. Sliem, F. M. Collado, S. Schmidt, A. Maheshwari, R. Kiriakos, V. Mwansa, S. Ljubojevic, S. Sedej, M. Holzer, G. Marsche, V. Marijanski, J. Kockskaemper, B. Pieske, A. Ricalde, G. Alexanderson, A. Mohani, P. Khanna, A. Sinusas, F. Lee, V. A. Pinas, B. L. F. Van Eck-Smit, H. J. Verberne, C. M. De Bruin, G. Guilhermina, L. Jimenez-Angeles, O. Ruiz De Jesus, O. Yanez-Suarez, E. Vallejo, E. Reyes, M. Chan, M. L. Hossen, S. R. Underwood, A. Karu, S. Bokhari, V. Pineda, L. M. Gracia-Sanchez, A. Garcia-Burillo, K. Zavadovskiy, Y. U. Lishmanov, W. Saushkin, I. Kovalev, A. Chernishov, A. Annoni, M. Tarkia, T. Saanijoki, V. Oikonen, T. Savunen, M. A. Green, M. Strandberg, A. Roivainen, M. C. Gaeta, C. Artigas, J. Deportos, L. Geraldo, A. Flotats, V. La Delfa, I. Carrio, W. J. Laarse, M. M. Izquierdo Gomez, J. Lacalzada Almeida, A. Barragan Acea, A. De La Rosa Hernandez, R. Juarez Prera, G. Blanco Palacios, J. A. Bonilla Arjona, J. J. Jimenez Rivera, J. L. Iribarren Sarrias, I. Laynez Cerdena, A. Dedic, A. Rossi, G. J. R. Ten Kate, A. Dharampal, A. Moelker, T. W. Galema, N. Mollet, P. J. De Feyter, K. Nieman, D. Trabattoni, A. Broersen, M. Frenay, M. M. Boogers, P. H. Kitslaar, J. Dijkstra, D. A. Annoni, M. Muratori, N. Johki, M. Tokue, A. S. Dharampal, A. C. Weustink, L. A. E. Neefjes, S. L. Papadopoulou, C. Chen, N. R. A. Mollet, E. H. Boersma, G. P. Krestin, J. A. Purvis, D. Sharma, S. M. Hughes, D. S. Berman, R. Taillefer, J. Udelson, M. Devine, J. Lazewatsky, G. Bhat, D. Washburn, D. Patel, T. Mazurek, S. Tandon, S. Bansal, S. Inzucchi, L. Staib, J. Davey, D. Chyun, L. Young, F. Wackers, M. T. Harbinson, G. Wells, J. Dougan, S. Borges-Neto, H. Phillips, A. Farzaneh-Far, Z. Starr, L. K. Shaw, M. Fiuzat, C. O'connor, M. Henzlova, W. L. Duvall, A. Levine, U. Baber, L. Croft, S. Sahni, S. Sethi, L. Hermann, A. Nureldin, A. Gomaa, M. A. T. Soliman, H. A. R. Hany, F. De Graaf, A. Pazhenkottil, H. M. J. Siebelink, J. H. Reiber, M. Ayub, T. Naveed, M. Azhar, A. Van Tosh, T. L. Faber, J. R. Votaw, N. Reichek, B. Pulipati, C. Palestro, K. J. Nichols, K. Okuda, Y. Kirihara, T. Ishikawa, J. Taki, M. Yoshita, M. Yamada, A. Salacata, S. Keavey, V. Chavarri, J. Mills, H. Nagaraj, P. Bhambhani, D. E. Kliner, P. Soman, J. Heo, A. E. Iskandrian, M. Jain, B. Lin, A. Walker, C. Nkonde, S. Bond, A. Baskin, J. Declerck, M. E. Soto, G. Mendoza, M. Aguilar, S. P. Williams, G. Colice, J. R. Mcardle, A. Lankford, D. K. Kajdasz, C. R. Reed, L. Angelini, F. Angelozzi, G. Ascoli, A. Jacobson, H. J. Lessig, M. C. Gerson, M. D. Cerqueira, J. Narula, M. Uematsu, K. Kida, K. Suzuki, P. E. Bravo, K. Fukushima, M. Chaudhry, J. Merrill, A. Alonso Tello, J. F. Rodriguez Palomares, G. Marti Aguasca, S. Aguade Bruix, V. Aliaga, P. Mahia, T. Gonzalez-Alujas, J. Candell, A. Evangelista, R. Mlynarski, A. Mlynarska, M. Sosnowski, B. Zerahn, P. Hasbak, C. E. Mortensen, H. F. Mathiesen, M. Andersson, D. Nielsen, L. Ferreira Santos, M. J. Ferreira, D. Ramos, D. Moreira, M. J. Cunha, A. Albuquerque, A. Moreira, J. Oliveira Santos, G. Costa, L. A. Providencia, Y. Arita, S. Kihara, N. Mitsusada, M. Miyawaki, H. Ueda, H. Hiraoka, Y. Matsuzawa, J. Askew, M. O'connor, L. Jordan, R. Ruter, R. Gibbons, T. Miller, L. Emmett, A. Ng, N. Sorensen, R. Mansberg, L. Kritharides, T. Gonzalez, H. Majmundar, N. P. Coats, S. Vernotico, J. H. Doan, T. M. Hernandez, M. Evini, A. D. Hepner, T. K. Ip, W. A. Chalela, A. M. Falcao, L. O. Azouri, J. A. F. Ramires, J. C. Meneghetti, F. Manganelli, M. Spadafora, P. Varrella, G. Peluso, R. Sauro, E. Di Lorenzo, F. Rotondi, S. Daniele, P. Miletto, A. J. M. Rijnders, B. W. Hendrickx, W. Van Der Bruggen, Y. G. C. J. America, P. J. Thorley, F. U. Chowdhury, C. J. Dickinson, S. I. Sazonova, I. Y. U. Proskokova, A. M. Gusakova, S. M. Minin, Y. U. B. Lishmanov, V. V. Saushkin, G. Rodriguez, F. Roffe, H. Ilarraza, D. Bialostozky, A. N. Kitsiou, P. Arsenos, I. Tsiantis, S. Charizopoulos, S. Karas, R. C. Vidal Perez, M. Garrido, V. Pubul, S. Argibay, C. Pena, M. Pombo, A. B. Ciobotaru, A. Sanchez-Salmon, A. Ruibal Morell, J. R. Gonzalez-Juanatey, E. Rodriguez-Gomez, B. Martinez, D. Pontillo, F. Benvissuto, F. Fiore Melacrinis, S. Maccafeo, E. V. Scabbia, R. Schiavo, Y. Golzar, C. Gidea, J. Golzar, D. Pop-Gorceva, M. Zdravkovska, S. Stojanovski, L. J. Georgievska-Ismail, T. Katsikis, A. Theodorakos, A. Kouzoumi, M. Koutelou, Y. Yoshimura, T. Toyama, H. Hoshizaki, S. Ohshima, M. Inoue, T. Suzuki, A. Uitterdijk, M. Dijkshoorn, M. Van Straten, W. J. Van Der Giessen, D. J. Duncker, D. Merkus, G. Platsch, J. Sunderland, C. Tonge, P. Arumugam, T. Dey, H. Wieczorek, R. Bippus, R. L. Romijn, B. E. Backus, T. Aach, M. Lomsky, L. Johansson, J. Marving, S. Svensson, J. L. Pou, F. P. Esteves, P. Raggi, R. Folks, Z. Keidar, J. W. Askew, L. Verdes, L. Campos, V. Gulyaev, A. Pankova, J. Santos, S. Carmona, I. Henriksson, A. Prata, M. Carrageta, A. I. Santos, K. Yoshinaga, M. Naya, C. Katoh, O. Manabe, S. Yamada, H. Iwano, S. Chiba, H. Tsutsui, N. Tamaki, I. Vassiliadis, E. Despotopoulos, O. Kaitozis, E. Hatzistamatiou, R. Thompson, J. Hatch, M. Zink, B. S. Gu, G. D. Bae, C. M. Dae, G. H. Min, E. J. Chun, S. I. Choi, M. Al-Mallah, K. Kassem, O. Khawaja, D. Goodman, D. Lipkin, L. Christiaens, B. Bonnet, J. Mergy, D. Coisne, J. Allal, N. Dias Ferreira, D. Leite, J. Rocha, M. Carvalho, D. Caeiro, N. Bettencourt, P. Braga, V. Gama Ribeiro, U. S. Kristoffersen, A. M. Lebech, H. Gutte, R. S. Ripa, N. Wiinberg, C. L. Petersen, G. Jensen, A. Kjaer, C. Bai, R. Conwell, R. D. Folks, L. Verdes-Moreiras, D. Manatunga, A. F. Jacobson, D. Belzer, Y. Hasid, M. Rehling, R. H. Poulsen, L. Falborg, J. T. Rasmussen, L. N. Waehrens, C. W. Heegaard, J. M. U. Silvola, S. Forsback, J. O. Laine, S. Heinonen, S. Ylaherttuala, A. Broisat, M. Ruiz, N. C. Goodman, J. Dimastromatteo, D. K. Glover, F. Hyafil, F. Blackwell, G. Pavon-Djavid, L. Sarda-Mantel, L. J. Feldman, A. Meddahi-Pelle, V. Tsatkin, Y.- H. Liu, R. De Kemp, P. J. Slomka, R. Klein, G. Germano, R. S. Beanlands, A. Rohani, V. Akbari, J. G. J. Groothuis, M. Fransen, A. M. Beek, S. L. Brinckman, M. R. Meijerink, M. B. M. Hofman, C. Van Kuijk, S. Kogure, E. Yamashita, J. Murakami, R. Kawaguchi, H. Adachi, S. Oshima, S. Minin, S. Popov, Y. U. Saushkina, G. Savenkova, D. Lebedev, E. Alexandridis, D. Rovithis, C. Parisis, I. Sazonova, V. Saushkin, V. Chernov, L. Zaabar, H. Bahri, S. Hadj Ali, A. Sellem, I. Slim, N. El Kadri, H. Slimen, H. Hammami, S. Lucic, A. Peter, S. Tadic, K. Nikoletic, R. Jung, M. Lucic, K. Tagil, D. Jakobsson, S.- E. Svensson, P. Wollmer, L. Leccisotti, L. Indovina, L. Paraggio, M. L. Calcagni, A. Giordano, M. Kapitan, A. Paolino, M. Nunez, J. Sweeny, N. Kulkarni, K. Guma, Y. Akashi, M. Takano, M. Takai, S. Koh, F. Miyake, N. Torun, G. Durmus Altun, A. Altun, E. Kaya, H. Saglam, D. T. Matsuoka, A. Sanchez, C. Bartolozzi, D. Padua, G. Ponta, A. Ponte, A. Carneiro, A. Thom, R. Ashrafi, P. Garg, G. Davis, A. Falcao, M. Costa, F. Bussolini, J. A. C. Meneghetti, M. Tobisaka, E. Correia, J. W. Jansen, P. A. Van Der Vleuten, T. P. Willems, F. Zijlstra, M. Sato, K. Taniguchi, M. Kurabayashi, D. Pop Gjorcheva, M. Zdraveska-Kochovska, K. Moriwaki, A. Kawamura, K. Watanabe, T. Omura, S. Sakabe, T. Seko, A. Kasai, M. Ito, M. Obana, T. Akasaka, C. Hruska, D. Truong, C. Pletta, D. Collins, C. Tortorelli, D. Rhodes, M. El-Prince, A. Martinez-Moeller, M. Marinelli, S. Weismueller, C. Hillerer, B. Jensen, S. G. Nekolla, H. Wakabayashi, K. Tsukamoto, S. M. E. A. Baker, K. M. H. S. Sirajul Haque, A. Siddique, S. Krishna Banarjee, A. Ahsan, F. Rahman, M. Mukhlesur Rahman, T. Parveen, M. Lutfinnessa, F. Nasreen, H. Sano, S. Naito, M. L. De Rimini, G. Borrelli, F. Baldascino, P. Calabro, C. Maiello, A. Russo, C. Amarelli, P. Muto, I. Danad, P. G. Raijmakers, Y. E. Appelman, O. S. Hoekstra, J. T. Marcus, A. Boonstra, D. V. Ryzhkova, T. V. Kuzmina, O. S. Borodina, M. A. Trukshina, I. S. Kostina, H. Hommel, G. Feuchtner, O. Pachinger, G. Friedrich, A. M. Stel, J. W. Deckers, V. Gama, A. Ciarka, L. A. Neefjes, N. R. Mollet, E. J. Sijbrands, J. Wilczek, C. Llibre Pallares, O. Abdul-Jawad Altisent, H. Cuellar Calabria, P. Mahia Casado, M. T. Gonzalez-Alujas, A. Evangelista Masip, D. Garcia-Dorado Garcia, Y. Tekabe, X. Shen, Q. Li, J. Luma, D. Weisenberger, A. M. Schmidt, R. Haubner, L. Johnson, L. Sleiman, S. Thorn, M. Hasu, M. Thabet, J. N. Dasilva, S. C. Whitman, D. Genovesi, A. Giorgetti, A. Gimelli, G. Cannizzaro, F. Bertagna, G. Fagioli, M. Rossi, R. Bonini, P. Marzullo, C. A. Paterson, S. A. Smith, A. D. Small, N. E. R. Goodfield, W. Martin, S. Nekolla, H. Sherif, S. Reder, M. Yu, A. Kusch, D. Li, J. Zou, M. S. Lloyd, K. Cao, D. W. Motherwell, A. Rice, G. M. Mccurrach, S. M. Cobbe, M. C. Petrie, I. Al Younis, E. Van Der Wall, T. Mirza, M. Raza, H. Hashemizadeh, L. Santos, B. A. Krishna, F. Perna, M. Lago, M. Leo, G. Pelargonio, G. Bencardino, M. L. Narducci, M. Casella, F. Bellocci, S. Kirac, O. Yaylali, M. Serteser, T. Yaylali, A. Okizaki, Y. Urano, M. Nakayama, S. Ishitoya, J. Sato, Y. Ishikawa, M. Sakaguchi, N. Nakagami, T. Aburano, S. V. Solav, R. Bhandari, S. Burrell, S. Dorbala, I. Bruno, C. Caldarella, A. Collarino, M. V. Mattoli, A. Stefanelli, A. Cannarile, F. Maggi, V. Soukhov, S. Bondarev, A. Yalfimov, M. Khan, P. P. Priyadharshan, G. Chandok, T. Aziz, M. Avison, R. A. Smith, D. S. Bulugahapitya, T. Vakhtangadze, F. Todua, M. Baramia, G. Antelava, N.- C. Roche, P. Paule, S. Kerebel, J.- M. Gil, L. Fourcade, A. Tzonevska, K. Tzvetkov, M. Atanasova, V. Parvanova, A. Chakarova, E. Piperkova, B. Kocabas, H. Muderrisoglu, C. P. Allaart, E. Entok, S. Simsek, B. Akcay, I. Ak, E. Vardareli, M. Stachura, P. J. Kwasiborski, G. J. Horszczaruk, E. Komar, A. Cwetsch, B. Zraik, R. Morales Demori, A. D. J. Almeida, M. E. Siqueira, E. Vieira, I. Balogh, G. Kerecsen, E. Marosi, Z. S. Szelid, A. Sattar, T. Swadia, J. Chattahi, W. Qureshi, F. Khalid, A. Gonzalez, S. Hechavarria, K. Takamura, S. Fujimoto, R. Nakanishi, S. Yamashina, A. Namiki, J. Yamazaki, K. Koshino, Y. Hashikawa, N. Teramoto, M. Hikake, S. Ishikane, T. Ikeda, H. Iida, Y. Takahashi, N. Oriuchi, H. Higashino, K. Endo, T. Mochizuki, K. Murase, A. Baali, R. Moreno, M. Chau, H. Rousseau, F. Nicoud, P. Dolliner, L. Brammen, G. Steurer, T. Traub-Weidinger, P. Ubl, P. Schaffarich, G. Dobrozemsky, A. Staudenherz, M. Ozgen Kiratli, B. Temelli, N. B. Kanat, T. Aksoy, G. A. Slavich, G. Piccoli, M. Puppato, S. Grillone, D. Gasparini, S. Perruchoud, C. Poitry-Yamate, M. Lepore, R. Gruetter, T. Pedrazzini, D. Anselm, A. Anselm, H. Atkins, J. Renaud, R. Dekemp, I. Burwash, A. Guo, R. Beanlands, C. Glover, I. Vilardi, B. Zangheri, L. Calabrese, P. Romano, A. Bruno, O. C. Fernandez Cimadevilla, V. A. Uusitalo, M. Luotolahti, M. Wendelin-Saarenhovi, J. Sundell, O. Raitakari, S. Huidu, R. Gadiraju, M. Ghesani, Q. Uddin, B. Wosnitzer, N. Takahashi, E. Alhaj, A. Legasto, B. Abiri, K. Elsaban, T. El Khouly, T. El Kammash, A. Al Ghamdi, B. Kyung Deok, K. Bon Seung, Y. Sang Geun, D. Chang Min, and M. Gwan Hong

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published
2011
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24. PSY96 - COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF ORIGINATOR ADALIMUMAB IN NON-INFECTIOUS INTERMEDIATE, POSTERIOR AND PAN-UVEITIS FROM A SOCIETAL PERSPECTIVE IN PORTUGAL

Author

V. Ektare, A. Marinho, V. Martins, L. Figueira, C. Silva, R. Proença, M. Botteman, A.R. Crespo, S.A. Farinha, F. Godinho, and V. Nogueira

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cost effectiveness, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Societal perspective, Adalimumab, Medicine, business, Intensive care medicine, Non infectious, Uveitis, medicine.drug
Published
2018
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25. Should Credit Agreements Between Casinos and Patrons Be Subject to Prior Government Approval? A Note on Wynn Resorts (Macau) S.A. v. Mong Henry

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Government, Political science, Law, Subject (documents), Wynn, High Court, Critical discussion, Test (assessment)
Abstract

The paper discusses recent litigation which provided the first documented test of the enforceability of credit granted for gaming by a Macau casino concessionaire. The case in question was brought outside Macau, before the Hong Kong courts: Wynn Resorts (Macau) S.A. v. Mong Henry (also known as Meng Hengli), Court of First Instance, Hong Kong High Court, HCA192/2009, February 12, 2010. The paper provides a critical discussion of the matter and draws a number of lessons from it.

Published
2010
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26. When Worlds Collide: Enforcing United Nations Security Council Asset Freezes in the EU Legal Order

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Politics, Presumption of innocence, Judicial review, Law, Terrorism, Economics, Sanctions, Fundamental rights, Criminal procedure, Rule of law
Abstract

Asset freezes are since 2000 being applied by the United Nations (UN) Security Council (SC) to non-state actors. This came about as a ‘mutation’ of the sanctions program initiated by Resolutions 1267 (1999), 1333 (2000) and 1390 (2002): currently the targets are only supected terrorists or terrorism financiers. This ‘mutation’ has created perplexities and problems, namely for the EU, which enforces UN SC Resolutions by a combination of first and second pillar methods. The main problem concerns issues of fundamental rights, currently being litigated. The debate on the compatibility of the current practice of UN SC asset freezing within EU law takes place amidst a fundamental lack of clarity as to the exact purposes and operational objectives of such freezes. It is argued that this practice amounts to an ad hoc (para-)criminal procedure measure, enacted by political bodies rather than courts, and without judicial oversight. The current UN SC practice of asset freezing against non-state actors breaches the right to judicial review, as well as the presumption of innocence. If this practice it is to continue at all, methods that make it fully compatible with the rule of law must be adopted. Especially, their renewal ad aeternum should not be possible.

Published
2009
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27. Macau: The Ao Man Long corruption and money laundering case

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Government, Civil servant, Corruption, Public work, media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, Public administration, China, Money laundering, media_common
Abstract

This article summarizes the main issues underlying the case of Ao Man Long, the highest profile corruption case ever occurred in the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China, which attracted international attention. Ao Man Long was the first Secretary for Public Works in the Government of the Macau SAR, a post equivalent to minister to which he was appointed on 20 December 1999, at age 43, and then reappointed in 2004 for a second term. Ao graduated in mechanical engineering from the University of Taiwan, obtained an MBA at the University of Macau, and had served as a Macau civil servant since 1987.

Published
2009
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28. Loop Grafting of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A: Inversion of Enantioselectivity

Author

Remko T. Winter, Almer M. van der Sloot, Ykelien L. Boersma, Margriet S. Bosma, Tjaard Pijning, Wim J. Quax, Melloney J. Dröge, Luis F. Godinho, Gertie van Pouderoyen, Bauke W. Dijkstra, X-ray Crystallography, Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biopharmaceuticals, Discovery, Design and Delivery (BDDD), and Nanotechnology and Biophysics in Medicine (NANOBIOMED)

Subjects
Models, Molecular, SELECTION, Cutinase, Protein Conformation, Clinical Biochemistry, Penicillium purpurogenum, Bacillus subtilis, Protein Engineering, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Substrate Specificity, Drug Discovery, CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE, Acetylxylan esterase, SPECIFICITY, INDUSTRIAL BIOCATALYSIS, 0303 health sciences, biology, Stereoisomerism, General Medicine, Molecular Medicine, PROTEIN-STRUCTURE, ENZYME, PROTEINS, Stereochemistry, DIRECTED EVOLUTION, Molecular Sequence Data, SEQUENCE, Kinetic resolution, 03 medical and health sciences, Amino Acid Sequence, Lipase, Enantiomeric excess, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, Binding Sites, 010405 organic chemistry, Active site, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, CHEMBIO, Mutation, biology.protein, Acetylesterase, Directed Molecular Evolution, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases, FUSARIUM-SOLANI CUTINASE
Abstract

SummaryLipases are successfully applied in enantioselective biocatalysis. Most lipases contain a lid domain controlling access to the active site, but Bacillus subtilis Lipase A (LipA) is a notable exception: its active site is solvent exposed. To improve the enantioselectivity of LipA in the kinetic resolution of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-sn-glycerol (IPG) esters, we replaced a loop near the active-site entrance by longer loops originating from Fusarium solani cutinase and Penicillium purpurogenum acetylxylan esterase, thereby aiming to increase the interaction surface for the substrate. The resulting loop hybrids showed enantioselectivities inverted toward the desired enantiomer of IPG. The acetylxylan esterase-derived variant showed an inversion in enantiomeric excess (ee) from −12.9% to +6.0%, whereas the cutinase-derived variant was improved to an ee of +26.5%. The enantioselectivity of the cutinase-derived variant was further improved by directed evolution to an ee of +57.4%.

Published
2008
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30. Clinical Implications of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Criteria for Diagnosing Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease

Author

Maria Sheila Guimarães Rocha, Maira Okada de Oliveira, Carlos Daniel Miranda Costa, Pedro Caldana Gordon, Fabio Luis F. Godinho, and Roberta Borges Gomes Kauark

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychosis, Parkinson's disease, Disease, Neuropsychological Tests, medicine, Humans, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U.S.), Neuropsychological assessment, Longitudinal Studies, Psychiatry, Stroke, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cognition, Parkinson Disease, Dsm criteria, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Psychotic Disorders, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Brazil, Psychopathology
Abstract

The effect of psychotic symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is variable among patients, and different methods to assess psychosis may yield conflicting results. A sample of 102 patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic PD underwent neurological, psychiatric, and neuropsychological assessment. Participants were divided into three groups: those who met DSM criteria for psychotic disorder, those who had psychotic symptoms but did not meet DSM criteria, and those without any psychotic symptoms. The first group had significantly worse sleep and worse cognitive and psychopathological symptoms compared with the other two groups. Results suggested that patients meeting DSM criteria for psychotic disorder comprise a separate clinical category.

Published
2015

31. Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson’s disease

Author

F. Godinho, Patrick Mertens, Gustavo Polo, Luis Garcia-Larrea, Emmanuel Broussolle, Marc Guénot, J. Xie, Michel Magnin, Stéphane Thobois, Isabelle Benatru, and A. Salvetti

Subjects
Male, Parkinson's disease, Deep brain stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, Central nervous system, Action Potentials, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Basal Ganglia, Stereotaxic Techniques, Subthalamic Nucleus, Basal ganglia, Humans, Medicine, Postoperative Care, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Parkinson Disease, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electrodes, Implanted, nervous system diseases, Electrophysiology, Subthalamic nucleus, surgical procedures, operative, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Neurology, Stereotaxic technique, Zona incerta, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, therapeutics, Neuroscience
Abstract

1 - To assess the anatomical localization of the active contacts of deep brain stimulation targeted to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson’s disease patients. 2 - To analyze the stereotactic spatial distribution of the active contacts in relation to the dorsal and the ventral electrophysiologically-defined borders of the STN and the stereotactic theoretical target. Twenty-eight patients underwent bilateral high-frequency stimulation of the STN (HFS-STN). An indirect anatomical method based on ventriculography coupled to electrophysiological techniques were used to localize the STN. Clinical improvement was evaluated by Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor score (UPDRS III). The normalized stereotactic coordinates of the active contact centres, dorsal and ventral electrophysiologically-defined borders of the STN were obtained from intraoperative X-rays images. These coordinates were represented in a three-dimensional stereotactic space and in the digitalized atlas of the human basal ganglia. HFS-STN resulted in significant improvement of motor function (62.8%) in off-medication state and levodopa-equivalent dose reduction of 68.7% (p

Published
2006
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32. The Surrender Agreements between the US and the ICTY and ICTR: A Critical View

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Character (mathematics), Sociology and Political Science, State (polity), media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, Law, Probable cause, Legislation, Surrender, media_common
Abstract

This paper discusses the agreements between the United States and the ICTY and the ICTR on surrender of persons. The US is the only State to have concluded such agreements, rather than having simply enacted domestic legislation. In general, and in light of the supranational character of the Tribunals, a distinction should be drawn between the horizontal framework of inter-State legal assistance and the vertical framework of assistance to the ICTY and the ICTR. Additionally, the agreements' clause requiring probable cause may unduly obstruct assistance.

Published
2003
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33. Gaming Promoters in Macau: Current Regulation and Perspectives of Reform

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Presentation, Current regulation, Jurisdiction, media_common.quotation_subject, Revenue, Advertising, Legislation, Business, Marketing, China, International marketing, media_common
Abstract

This presentation covers the evolution, current regulation and future perspectives of the law applicable to gaming promoters in the Macau Special Administrative Region of China, the world's largest casino gaming jurisdiction by revenue. In Macau the regulation of gaming promoters, first introduced in 2001/2002 and then subsequently expanded, has some unique features. Promoters are not just international marketing agents who recruit new patrons for the casinos. They may grant credit, collect unpaid credit, help with money transfers/arrangements, and sometimes share in the revenue of gaming tables or rooms in casinos (VIP rooms). In September 2015 major reforms were announced, and it remains a matter of prime interest to see how the legislation will evolve.

Published
2015
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35. Macau's Court of Final Appeal

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho and Paulo Cardinal

Subjects
Habeas corpus, Geography, Tribunal, Dissenting opinion, Sovereignty, Law, Appeal, Constitutional review, International law, China
Abstract

The theme of this chapter is the Macau Court of Final Appeal (Tribunal de Ultima Instancia or TUI) of the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). It provides an overview and discussion of its role, activity and impact on the legal system of Macau since its establishment on 20 December 1999 upon the transfer of sovereignty. The chapter provides a discussion of its general activity as well as in a number of special areas of the law.

Published
2013
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38. A Nova Lei do Tabaco (The New Anti-Smoking Law)

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Engineering, Nova (rocket), business.industry, Law, business, health care economics and organizations, Anti smoking
Abstract

This is a general discussion of the legal requirements approved recently in Macau to ban smoking in various locations. The article makes a critical analysis of the various sets of regulations created, including the special rules for casinos.

Published
2013
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40. The Macau Civil Code - An Partial English Translation

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Law, Civil law (legal system), Commercial law, Private law, Comparative law, Legal history, business, Civil code, Legal science, Law of obligations
Abstract

This text is a partial English translation of the Civil Code of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. The Macau Civil Code was approved by Decree-Law no. 39/99/M, of August 3, just a few months before the transfer of sovereignty over Macau from Portugal to China.In terms of genealogy, the 1999 Code is in essence an updated, improved and ‘localized’ version of the 1966 Portuguese Civil Code, which in turn is heavily influenced by the German Civil Code (BGB). The Code is therefore a ‘grandson’ of the BGB, although clearly other influences are also present. Nevertheless, this origin reflects a shift towards German legal science by the Portuguese academic legal community, which took place from the early years of the twentieth century. The division used in the Civil Code is, unsurprisingly, the so-called German classification of civil law branches, created during the nineteenth century by the German Pandectist movement, and also used by the BGB, which separates between:I. General partII. Law of obligations III. Property lawIV. Family lawV. Succession lawOne feature of the legal tradition in which the Civil Code fits is the extensive use of very abstract and technical concepts, which are intended to be precise, logical and consistent, almost ‘scientific’. This conceptual refinement is typical of civil law legal systems and flows from the German Pandectist tradition that produced the BGB. For more details, see Jorge Godinho, Macau business law and legal system, Hong Kong, LexisNexis, 2007.The importance of the existence of a translation of the Civil Code into English cannot be overemphasized. The Civil Code is the basic foundation of private law and especially of business transactions. The fundamental concepts and regulation of contracts and of property law and civil liability (torts) can be found in the Civil Code, namely the detailed rules on the mortgage, bond, purchase and sale, loan, conclusion and performance of contracts, and many other matters of direct interest to business transactions. The Civil Code is the basis for the regulation of all business activities, and it is the legal foundation upon which the Commercial Code is built. An attempt was made to produce an accurate and consistent translation, employing a modern and elegant style of English writing, consistent with the translation of the Commercial Code. This is obviously a rather difficult task, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. More than a translation, it is, in fact, a highly specialized work of legal research, given that the search for the appropriate equivalent terms and expressions involves considerable comparative law research. A word of thanks is due to all my students: with clinic eye, they greatly helped to improve the translation. The author gladly welcomes all comments, suggestions or requests for inclusion of specific articles by e-mail.

Published
2013
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41. The Macau Penal Code and Other Penal Laws in English Unofficial Translation

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Engineering, Public law, business.industry, Law, Civil law (legal system), Criminal law, Private law, Comparative law, Legal history, Civil code, business, Indian Penal Code
Abstract

This is a partial English translation of the criminal laws of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.The main focus is the Penal Code, approved by Decree-Law no. 58/95/M, of November 14. The Code is the basis of criminal law in Macau, although it is not the only relevant source.In terms of genealogy, the 1995 Code is in essence an updated, improved and ‘localized’ version of the 1982 Portuguese Penal Code, as revised in 1995, which in turn is heavily influenced by the German Penal Code (StGB).One feature of the legal tradition in which the Penal Code fits is the extensive use of very abstract and technical concepts, which are intended to be precise, logical and consistent, almost ‘scientific’. This conceptual refinement is typical of civil law legal systems and flows from the German tradition that produced the StGB. An attempt was made to produce an accurate and consistent translation, employing a modern and elegant style of English writing, consistent with the translations of the Commercial Code (completed) and Civil Code (now underway). This is obviously a rather difficult task, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. More than a translation, it is, in fact, a highly specialized work of legal research, given that the search for the appropriate equivalent terms and expressions involves considerable comparative law research. There are a number of other laws besides the Code that are devoted totally or partly to criminal law provisions. A table is included of the many laws that have criminal law provisions. Of these, the translation also includes some provisions of:a) Law 8/96/M, of July 22, on unlawful gaming;b) Law 6/97/M, of July 30, on organized crime;c) Law 2/2006, of April 3, which is now the legal basis of the crime of money laundering;d) Law 2/2009, of March 2, on the protection of State security, giving execution to article 23 of the Macau Basic Law.

Published
2013
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42. A History of Games of Chance in Macau: Part I — Introduction

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Game of chance, History, Media studies, Advertising, Key features, Period (music)
Abstract

This is the first part of a series of articles on the history of games chance in Macau.This first part describes the purposes of writing this history, names some of the challenges faced and sets out the main periods of the history of gaming and the key features of each period.

Published
2012
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43. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author

H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. 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Masana, A. Goossens, B. Heye, K. Lauer, Heinz Gregor Wieser, Stephen R. Williams, B. Garavaglia, A. P. Sempere, F. Grigoletto, P. Poindron, R. Lopez-Pajares, I. Leite, T. A. McNell, C. Caucheteur, J. M. Giron, A. D. Collins, P. Freger, J. Sanhez Del Rio, D. A. Harn, K. Lindner, S. S. Scherer, G. Serve, M. Juncadella, X. Estivill, R. Binkhorst, M. Anderson, B. Tekinsoy, C. Sagan, T. Anastopoulos, G. Japaridze, S. Guillou, F. Erminio, Jon Sussman, P. G. Oomes, D. S. Rust, S. Mascheroni, O. Berger, M. Peresson, K. V. Toyka, T. W. Polder, M. Huberman, B. Arpaci, H. Ramtami, I. Martinez, Ph. Violon, P. P. Gazzaniga Pozzill, R. Ruda, P. Auzou, J. Parker, S. P. Morrissey, Jiahong Zhu, F. Rotondi, P. Baron, W. Schmid, P. Doneda, M. Spadaro, M. C. Nargeot, I. Banchs, J.S.P. van den Berg, R. Ferrai, M. Robotti, M. Fredj, Pedro M. Rodríguez Cruz, B. Erne, D. G. Piepgras, M. C. Arne-Bes, J. Escudero, C. Goetz, A. R. Naylor, M. Hallett, O. Abramsky, E. Bonifacio, L. E. Larsson, R. Pellikka, P. Valalentino, D. Guidetti, B. Buchwald, C. H. Lücking, D. Gauvreau, F. Pfaff, A. Ben Younes-Chennoufi, R. Kiefer, R. Massot, K. A. Hossmann, L. Werdelin, P. J. Baxter, U. Ziflo, S. Allaria, C. D. Marsden, M. Cabaret, S. P. Mueller, E. Calabrese, R. Colao, S. I. Bekkelund, M. Yilmaz, O. Oktem-Tanor, R. Gine, M. E. Scheulen, J. Beuuer, A. Melo, Z. Gulay, M. D. Have, C. Frith, D. Liberati, J. Gozlan, P. Rondot, Ch. Brunholzl, M. Pocchiari, J. Pena, L. Moiola, C. Salvadori, A. Cabello, T. Catarci, S. Webb, C. Dettmers, N. A. Gregson, Alexandra Durr, F. Iglesias, U. Knorr, L. Ferrini-Strambi, F. Kruggel, P. Allard, A. Coquerel, P. Genet, F. Vinuels, C. Oberwittler, A. Torbicki, P. Leffers, B. Renault, B. Fauser, C. Ciano, G. Uziel, J. M. Gibson, F. Anaya, C. Derouesné, C. N. Anagnostou, M. Kaido, W. Eickhoff, G. Talerico, M. L. Berthier, A. Capdevila, M. Alons, D. Rezek, E. Wondrusch, U. Kauerz, D. Mateo, M. A. Chornet, Holon, N. Pinsard, I. Doganer, E. Paoino, H. Strenge, C. Diaz, J. R. Brasic, W. Heide, I. Santilli, W. M. Korn, D. Selcuki, M. J. Barrett, D. Krieger, T. Leon, T. Houallah, M. Tournilhac, C. Nos, D. Chavot, F. Barbieri, F. J. Jimenez-Jimenez, J. Muruzabal, K. Poeck, A. Sennlaub, L. M. Iriarte, L. G. Lazzarino, C. Sanz, P. A. Fischer, S. D. Shorvon, R. Hoermann, F. Delecluse, M. Krams, O. Corabianu, F. H. Hochberg, Christopher J. Mathias, B. Debachy, C. M. Poser, L. Delodovici, A. Jimenez-Escrig, F. Baruzzi, F. Godenberg, D. Cucinotta, P. J. Garcia Ruiz, K. Maier-Hauff, P. R. Bar, R. Mezt, R. Jochens, S. Karakaneva, C. Roberti, E. Caballero, Joseph E. Parisi, M. Zamboni, T. Lacasa, B. Baklan, J. C. Gautier, J. A. Martinez-Matos, W. Pollmann, G. Thomas, L. Verze, E. Chleide, R. Alvarez Sala, I. Noel, E. Albuisson, O. Kastrup, S. I. Rapoport, H. J. Braune, H. Lörler, M. Le Merrer, A. Biraben, S. Soler, S. J. Taagholt, U. Meyding-Lamadé, K. Bleasdale-Barr, Isabella Moroni, Y. Campos, J. Matias-Guiu, G. Edan, M. G. Bousser, John B. Clark, J. Garcia de Yebenes, N. K. Olsen, P. Hitzenberger, S. Einius, Aj Thompson, Ch. J. Vecht, T. Crepin-Leblond, Klaus L. Leenders, A. Di Muzio, L. Georgieva, René Spiegel, K. Sabey, D. Ménégalli, J. Meulstee, U. Liszka, P. Giral, C. Sunol, J. M. Espadaler, A. D. Crockar, K. Varli, G. Giraud, P. J. Hülser, A. Benazzouz, A. Reggio, M. Salvatore, K. Genc, M. Kushnir, S. Barbieri, J. Ph. Azulay, M. Gianelli, N. Bathien, A. AlMemar, F. Hentati, I. Ragueneau, F. Chiarotti, R. C. F. Smits, A. K. Asbury, F. Lacruz, B. Muller, Alan J. Thompson, Gordon Smith, K. Schmidt, C. Daems Monpeun, Juergen Weber, A. Arboix, G. R. Fink, A. M. Cobo, M. Ait Kaci Ahmed, E. Gencheva, Israel-Biet, G. Schlaug, P. De Jonghe, Philip Scheltens, K. Toyka, P. Gonzalez-Porque, A. Cila, J. M. Fernandez, P. Augustin, J. Siclia, S. Medaglini, D. E. Ziogas, A. Feve, L. Kater, G. J. E. Rinkel, D. Leppert, Rüdiger J. Seitz, S. Ried, C. Turc-Carel, G. Smeyers, F. Godinho, M. Czygan, M. Rijntjes, E. Aversa, M. Frigo, Leif Østergaard, J. L. Munoz Blanco, A. Cruz-Matinez, J. De Reuck, C. Theillet, T. Barroso, V. Oikonen, Florence Lebert, M. Kilinc, C. Cordon-Cardon, G. Stoll, E. Thiery, F. Pulcinelli, J. Solski, M. Schmiegelow, L. J. Polman, P. Fernandez-Calle, C. Wikkelso, M. Ben Hamida, M. Laska, E. Kott, W. Sulkowski, C. Lucas, N. M. Bornstein, D. Schmitz, M. W. Lammers, A. de Louw, R. J. S. Wise, P. A. van Darn, C. Antozzi, P. Villanueva, P. H. E. Hilkens, C. Constantin, W. Ricart, A. Wolf, M. Gamba, P. Maguire, Alessandro Padovani, B. M. Patten, Marie Sarazin, H. Ackermann, L. Durelli, S. Timsit, Sebastian Jander, B. W. Scheithauer, G. Demir, J. P. Neau, P. Barbanti, A. Brand, N. AraÇ, V. Fischer-Gagnepain, R. Marchioli, G. Serratrice, C. Maugard-Louboutin, G. T. Spencer, D. Lücke, G. Mainardi, K. Harmant Van Rijckevorsel, G. B. Creel, R. Manzanares, Francesco Fortunato, A. May, J. Workman, K. Johkura, E. Fernandez, Carlo Colosimo, L. Calliauw, L. Bet, Félix F. Cruz-Sánchez, M. Dhib, H. Meinardi, F. Carrara, J. Kuehnen, C. Peiro, H. Lassmann, K. Skovgaard Olsen, A. McDonald, L. Sciulli, A. Cobo, A. Monticelli, B. Conrad, J. Bagunya, J. Benitez, V. Desnizza, B. Dupont, O. Delrieu, D. Moraes, J. J. Heimans, F. Garcia Rio, M. Matsumto, A. Fernandez, R. Nermni, R. Chalmers, M. J. Marchau, F. Aguado, P. Velupillai, P. J. Martin, P. Tassan, V. Demarin, A. Engelien, T. Gerriets, Comar, J. L. Carrasco, J. P. Pruvo, A. Lopez de Munain, D. Pavitt, J. Alarcon, Chris H. Polman, B. Guldin, N. Yeni, Hartmut Brückmann, N. Wilczak, H. Szwed, R. Causaran, G. Kyriazis, M. E. Westarp, M. Gasparini, N. Pecora, J. M. Roda, E. Lang, V. Scaioli, David R. Fish, D. Caputo, O. Gratzl, R. Mercelis, A. Perretti, G. Steimetz, I. Link, C. Rigoletto, A. Catafau, G. Lucotte, M. Buti, G. Fagiolari, A. Piqueras, C. Godinot, J. C. Meurice, Erodriguez J. Dominigo, F. Lionnet, H. Grzelec, David J. Brooks, P. M. G. Munro, F. X. Weilbach, M. Maiwald, W. Split, B. Widjaja-Cramer, V. Ozturk, J. Colas, E. Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. Santoro, J. Roda, A. Bordoni, D. J. Taylor, S. Ertas, H. H. Emmen, J. Vichez, V. BesanÇon, R. E. Passingham, M. L. Malosio, A. Vérier, M. Bamberg, A. W. Hansen, E. Mostacero, G. Gaudriault, Marie Vidailhet, B. Birebent, K. Strijckmans, F. Giannini, T. Kammer, I. Araujo, J. Nowicki, E. Nikolov, A. Hutzelmann, R. Gherardi, J. Verroust, L. Austoni, A. Scheller, A. Vazquez, S. Matheron, H. Holthausen, J. M. Gerard, M. Bataillard, S. Dethy, V. H. Patterson, V. Ivanez, N. P. Hirsch, F. Ozer, M. Sutter, C. Jacomet, M. Mora, Bruno Colombo, A. Sarropoulos, T. H. Papapetropoulos, M. Schwarz, D. S. Dinner, N. Acarin, B. Iandolo, J. O. Riis, P. R. J. Barnes, F. Taroni, J. Kazenwadel, L. Torre, A. Lugaresi, I. L. Henriques, S. Pauli, S. Alfonso, Pedro Quesada, A. S. T. Planting, J. M. Castilla, Thomas Gasser, M. Van der Linden, A. Alfaro, E. Nobile-Orazio, G. Popova, W. Vaalburg, F. G. A. van der Mech, L. Williams, F. Medina, J. P. Vernant, J. Yaouanq, B. Storch-Hagenlocher, A. Potemkowski, R. Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg

Subjects
Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published
1994
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44. Uma Soberania, Dois Sistemas Sociais, Trrs Tradiiies Jurrdicas: O Sistema Jurrdico De Macau E a Fammlia Romano-Germmnica (One Sovereignty, Two Social Systems, Three Legal Traditions: The Macau Legal System and the Roman-German Family of Legal Systems)

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
biology, Common law, Conta, Private law, biology.organism_classification, Lingua franca, language.human_language, Public law, Geography, Civil law (legal system), language, Comparative law, Portuguese, computer, Humanities, Cartography, computer.programming_language
Abstract

Portuguese Abstract: Este escrito analisa o sistema juridico de Macau numa perspectiva de direito comparado. A suposicao geral neste dominio e a de que Macau faz parte da familia romano-germânica de sistemas juridicos. Esta concepcao e questionada e discutida a partir de uma perspectiva ampla. Em primeiro lugar e necessario ter tambem alguns desenvolvimentos no campo do direito publico em conta, algo que os comparatistas nem sempre fazem, permanecendo focados no direito privado. Em segundo lugar e necessario abandonar a abordagem eurocentrica implicita na divisao entre civil law vs common law; cabe usar uma taxonomia mais abrangente. Em terceiro lugar e tambem necessario ter em conta o papel mais amplo do direito na sociedade. O quadro geral proposto por Ugo Mattei e adoptado. Neste sentido, o texto tenta capturar os desenvolvimentos juridicos que ocorreram em Macau apos o retorno a soberania chinesa em 1999 e questionar as suas implicacoes. Em geral, Macau e ainda hoje um sistema juridico romano-germânico, como resultado do legado portugues, com base no Estado de Direito. O direito de Macau tem agora elementos de sistemas juridicos socialistas e, claro, tracos juridico-culturais comuns a Asia Oriental. Este escrito indica linhas recentes de evolucao nas areas do direito constitucional e administrativo, do direito penal e do direito dos negocios. O tema geral e que o direito de Macau esta em transicao do Ocidente para o Oriente e sempre sera um hibrido, mostrando uma mistura peculiar de influencias, que podem, na verdade, variar em cada area do direito. O texto inclui tambem varias observacoes sobre a formacao juridica em Macau, o papel do portugues como lingua oficial e ainda sobre as perspectivas de evolucao depois de 2049, o periodo apos o qual a Declaracao Conjunta Luso-Chinesa deixara de vigorar. English Abstract: This paper looks at the Macau legal system from a comparative law perspective. The general and commonly held assumption is that Macau is a part of the Roman-German family of legal systems. This assumption is questioned and discussed from a broad perspective. First, it is necessary to also take developments in the field of public law into account, which comparative lawyers not always do, remaining focused on private law. Second, is also necessary to abandon the Eurocentric approach implied in the division between civil law and common law and use a more comprehensive taxonomy. Third, it is also necessary to take into account the broader role of law in society. The general framework proposed by Ugo Mattei is adopted. In this vein, the paper tries to capture the legal developments that took place in Macau after the return to Chinese sovereignty in 1999 and question their implications. In general, Macau is today still a Roman-German legal system as a result of the Portuguese legacy, based in the rule of law. Macau law has now elements of socialist legal systems and of course legal-cultural traits common to East Asia. The paper indicates recent lines of evolution in the fields of constitutional and administrative law, criminal law and business law. The general theme is that Macau law is in a transition from West to East and will always be a hybrid, showing a peculiar mix of influences, which may actually vary in each area of the law. The paper also includes various observations on legal education in Macau, the role of Portuguese as an official language and perspectives of evolution after 2049, the period after which the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration will no longer apply.

Published
2011
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45. [Myalgia of the girdle in the elderly: an uncommon etiology]

Author

R, Roque, A R, Cravo, F, Godinho, V, Tavares, P, Gonçalves, and J, Canas da Silva

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis, Humans, Female
Abstract

We describe the clinical case of 80 years, caucasian woman, with personal history of osteoporosis and chronic normochromic normocytic anemia (NN). She had a three month history of myalgias of the girdle, stiffness in the morning, exceeding 1 hour, associated with inflammatory arthralgia of the small joints of hands and feet. Complementary exams showed normocytic normochromic anemia with Hg 9.8 g/dL; ESR 44 mm/h; CRP 7 mg/dL. Given the profile suggestive of Polymyalgia Rheumatica started prednisolone 10 mg/day with favorable clinical response. Four months after treatment she started paresthesias of right hand and foot, polaquiuria, petequial lesions in lower limbs and inability to walk; there was worsening of anemia and elevation of the biological parameters of inflammation, beginning of renal insufficiency with creatinine clearance 22 ml/min, proteinuria and eritrocituria. Renal biopsy was compatible with Wegener's granulomatosis/microscopic poliangeite. Vasculitis is a rare disease of the elderly and its clinical presentation is varied. The arteritis of giant cells and Polymyalgia Rheumatica are more common in the elderly. It is not often Polymyalgia-like presentation in cases of Wegener's granulomatosis/microscopic polyangitis.

Published
2010

46. Burst Prediction of Flexible Pipes

Author

Alfredo Gay Neto, Clo´vis de Arruda Martins, Celso Pupo Pesce, Christiano Odir C. Meirelles, Eduardo Ribeiro Malta, Teo´filo F. Barbosa Neto, and Carlos Alberto F. Godinho

Subjects
Stress (mechanics), Nonlinear system, Engineering, Cross section (physics), Armour, business.industry, Full model, Internal pressure, Numerical models, Structural engineering, business, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

Usually, when a large internal fluid pressure acts on the inner walls of flexible pipes, the carcass layer is not loaded as the first internal pressure resistance is given by the internal polymeric layer. The internal polymeric layer transmits almost all that loading to the metallic pressure resistant layer, or pressure armor layer. This layer must then be designed to ensure that the flexible pipe will not fail when loaded by a defined value of internal pressure. The present paper presents three different numerical models and one simple analytical model for determining the maximum internal pressure loading for a flexible pipe. The aim is to avoid pipe burst. The first numerical model is a ring approximation for the helically rolled pressure layer, considering its cross section as built. A second one is a full model for the same structure, considering the pressure layer laying angle and the cross section as built. The third numerical model is a 2D simplified version, considering the pressure layer as an equivalent ring. The first two numerical models consider contact nonlinearities and a nonlinear elastic-plastic material model for the pressure layer. The failure event and the corresponding stress state are discussed. Assumptions for each model are compared and discussed, with comparative results.

Published
2010
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47. Macau Casino Gaming Law and Regulation: At a Turning Point?

Author

Jorge A. F. Godinho

Subjects
Government, Presentation, Commerce, media_common.quotation_subject, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, Advertising, Gaming law, Turning point, Business, China, Money laundering, media_common
Abstract

This is a powerpoint presentation that tries to summarize some of the main issues of the legal regulation applicable casino gaming in Macau, China, which is the world's largest gaming market. The presentation covers an evolution of casino gaming; the legal concept of concessions; the regulation of gaming promoters (junkets); credit for gaming; and the regulation for the prevention and repression of money laundering through the gaming industry. The final part summarizes the evolution and points to some issues and challenges that lie ahead for the new Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region.

Published
2010
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