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Faced with the cutbacks in public funding and the changes taking place in the governance and funding models in the cultural sector, museums must rise to the challenge of devising and implementing s...

Background Advances in theoretical frameworks of self-determination require the development of new assessment instruments. This study examines the dimensional structure of a self-determination scale and analyses the factorial invariance of its measurement across age and gender. Method The AUTODDIS Scale was used to assess the self-determination of 541 people with intellectual disabilities aged from 11 to 40. Results Different models (correlational and hierarchical structures) of the scale were tested. The correlational model obtained from the exploratory structural equation model approach provided the best fit for the data. The results also supported measurement invariance across youths (aged 11 to 21 years) and adults (aged 21 to 40 years) and across genders. Conclusions This study contributes to international research on self-determination and the development of assessment tools in this field, offering a better understanding of this multifaceted and complex construct. The results provide construct validity evidence regarding a new measurement tool tested across people aged 11 to 40, using information from third parties. However, further research is needed to explore the best ways to understand and assess the different factors related to self-determination.

Research in the field of disability have stressed self-determination as a key construct, both at the individual level, because of its impact on quality of life, and at the organisational level, as ...

Although sexuality, reproductive health, and starting a family are human rights that should be guaranteed for all citizens, they are still taboo issues for people with intellectual disability (ID), and even more so for women with ID. This paper systematically reviews the current qualitative and quantitative evidence on the rights of people with ID in regard to Articles 23 (right to home and family) and 25 (health, specifically sexual and reproductive health) of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). A systematic review of the current literature, following PRISMA 2020, was carried out in ERIC, PsychInfo, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science. In all, 151 articles were included for review. The studies were categorized into six themes: attitudes, intimate relationships, sexual and reproductive health, sexuality and sex education, pregnancy, and parenthood. There are still many barriers that prevent people with ID from fully exercising their right to sexuality, reproductive health, and parenthood, most notably communicative and attitudinal barriers. These findings underline the need to continue advancing the rights of people with ID, relying on Schalock and Verdurgo’s eight-dimensional quality of life model as the ideal conceptual framework for translating such abstract concepts into practice and policy.

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities have proclaimed the basic right of people to make one&rsquo, s own choices, have an effective participation and inclusion. Research in the field of disability have stressed self-determination as a key construct because of its impact on their quality of life and the achievement of desired educational and adulthood related outcomes. Self-determination development must be promoted through specific strategies and especially, by providing tailored opportunities to practice those skills. Providing these opportunities across environments could be especially relevant as a facilitator of self-determination development. This manuscript aims to ascertain if opportunities at home and in the community to engage in self-determined actions are mediating the relationship between people intellectual disability level and their self-determination. Results have confirmed direct effects of intellectual disability level on self-determination scores. Indirect effects also predicted self-determination and almost all its related components (self-initiation, self-direction, self-regulation, self-realization, and empowerment) through opportunities in the community and at home. Autonomy was predicted by the intellectual disability level through an indirect effect of opportunities at home, but not in the community. These results highlight the need for further research to better operationalize and promote contextually rooted opportunities for people with intellectual disability to become more self-determined.

On the bases of relationship marketing and social capital, this paper aims to explore whether museums’ external relationships depend on managers and internal relationships as well as on mode of gov...

Instruments to measure self-determination have only been available in the Spanish language to date, for adolescents with intellectual disability (ID). However, given the development of a new measure of self-determination for youth with and without disabilities, the Self-Determination Inventory, there is a need to adapt and validate this tool in the Spanish language so as to provide practitioners with a psychometrically strong measure of self-determination. This study provides evidence of reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the scale, empirically tested with a sample of 620 youth with and without disabilities in Spain. Specifically, validity was evidenced through structural equation modeling approaches, confirming the instrument adequacy to measure self-determination in Spanish speaking youth. Future lines of research are suggested.

This paper aims to explore the link between creativity orientation, investment in visitors’ experience and operating and funding performance in tourist attractions, taking museums as a case study. ...

AIM This study determined if blood levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate were associated with the rate of failure in oral rehydration in paediatric patients with vomiting. METHODS This was a prospective observational study that was carried out from December 1, 2015 to November 30, 2016 in the Rio Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain. The study cohort were patients up to 14 years old who attended the emergency department with three or more vomiting episodes in the last four hours and glycaemia higher than 45 mg/dL. Blood was measured for beta-hydroxybutyrate levels prior to the administration of oral rehydration solution for 90 minutes. Two or more vomiting episodes during this period were considered failed oral rehydration. RESULTS We analysed 248 patients, with a median age of four years and 7.5 months and 233 (94%) of the parents took part. The median number of vomiting episodes in the previous four hours was five and oral rehydration was successful in 183 (78.5%) patients. The multivariate analysis showed that the initial beta-hydroxybutyrate blood level was not associated with the failure of oral rehydration. CONCLUSION Blood levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate had no predictive value for oral rehydration failure in young patients with vomiting and this routine measurement is unnecessary.

Background: Most theoretical models of self-determination suggest that both environmental and personal factors influence the development of self-determination. The design and implementation of inte...

Within Spanish context, initiatives to promote self-determination in educational settings still lacking despite of the availability of instruments designed to enable the instruction of self-determination skills, such as the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction. This evidence-based practice enables teachers to instruct students to develop self-determination actions and skills. This study aims to present the Spanish translated and adapted version of the afore mentioned program/tool, in an effort to improve the focus of self-determination instruction in the Spanish educational context by providing practitioners with a model of instruction intended to teach skills associated with the promotion and enhancement of self-determined action., La promoción de la autodeterminación en contexto escolar sigue siendo una tarea pendiente en el contexto español, junto a la existencia de diferentes instrumentos centrados en la enseñanza de habilidades relacionadas con la conducta autodeterminada. Algunos, como el Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction o Modelo de Enseñanza/Aprendizaje de la Autodeterminación han demostrado su eficacia en el fomento de dichas habilidades en contexto estadounidense. El presente estudio pretende dar a conocer la versión adaptada de dicho modelo de intervención, su modo de implementación, así como las evidencias empíricas que avalan su eficacia, a fin de ofrecer un instrumento de intervención que los profesionales educativos puedan usar en contexto escolar.

Hepatocyte transplantation is the best approach to maintain and propagate differentiated hepatocytes from different species. Host liver has to be adapted for transplanted hepatocytes productive engraftment and proliferation being required a chronic liver injury to eliminate host hepatocytes and provide a proliferative advantage to the transplanted hepatocytes. Most valuable mouse models for xenograft hepatocyte transplantation are based on genetically modified animals to cause a chronic liver damage and to limit host hepatocyte regeneration potential. We present a methodology that generates a chronic liver damage and can be applied to any host mouse strain and animal species based on the inoculation of a recombinant adenovirus to express herpes simplex thymidine kinase in host hepatocytes sensitizing them to ganciclovir treatment. This causes a prolonged liver damage that allows hepatocyte transplantation and generation of regenerative nodules in recipient mouse liver integrated by transplanted cells and host sinusoidal. Obtained chimeric animals maintain functional chimeric nodules for several weeks, ready to be used in any study.

Hepatocyte transplantation is the best approach to maintain and propagate differentiated hepatocytes from different species. Host liver has to be adapted for transplanted hepatocytes productive engraftment and proliferation being required a chronic liver injury to eliminate host hepatocytes and provide a proliferative advantage to the transplanted hepatocytes. Most valuable mouse models for xenograft hepatocyte transplantation are based on genetically modified animals to cause a chronic liver damage and to limit host hepatocyte regeneration potential. We present a methodology that generates a chronic liver damage and can be applied to any host mouse strain and animal species based on the inoculation of a recombinant adenovirus to express herpes simplex thymidine kinase in host hepatocytes sensitizing them to ganciclovir treatment. This causes a prolonged liver damage that allows hepatocyte transplantation and generation of regenerative nodules in recipient mouse liver integrated by transplanted cells and host sinusoidal. Obtained chimeric animals maintain functional chimeric nodules for several weeks, ready to be used in any study.

Aproximar el aprendizaje basado en competencias al alumnado lleva a que la experiencia docente deba nutrirse de propuestas innovadoras que faciliten dicha tarea. Las Píldoras Formativas Competenciales (PILFORCOMS) son vídeos de corta duración en los que el locutor demuestra de manera breve una competencia relacionada con un contenido teórico, y pueden acercar al alumnado a un papel activo en la construcción de su propio aprendizaje y profesionalización. Objetivos: analizar la viabilidad del uso de este novedoso recurso formativo con estudiantes de Magisterio. Método: con el desarrollo de un proyecto de innovación docente basado en la creación por parte de los alumnos de las PILFORCOMS como actividad práctica evaluable de la asignatura, se recogieron con escalas tipo likert antes y después de la realización del proyecto las percepciones de los estudiantes en relación a la propuesta. Resultados: mostraron que la experiencia ha sido positiva y el planteamiento motivador y útil para promover buenas expectativas de resultado y un aprendizaje eficaz. Conclusiones: la inclusión de una herramienta formativa novedosa como esta permite que, con la tutorización del profesor, el alumnado pueda construir su propio proceso de aprendizaje facilitando una formación en competencias ajustada a los resultados de aprendizaje previstos.The approaching of the competence-based learning to undergraduate students leads teaching experience to take into account innovative proposals to facilitate the task. The Formative Pills in Competences are short videos where the students show a competence related with a theoretical content adopting an active role to build their own learning and professionalization. Objectives: we aimed to analyze the viability of using this new educational resource in the early childhood education degree. Method: with the development of an educational innovation project based on the elaboration of the Formative Pills in Competences as a subject-related task, we obtained measures before and after the experience to determine the students’ perception using a Likert scale. Results: showed that the experience was positive and the proposal was useful and motivating to promote good results expectations and an effective learning. Conclusions: the inclusion of this kind of tools allows students, with professor mentoring, to build their own learning process leading to a competence training adjusted to learning outcome.

The purpose of this research is two-fold. First, to explore the factors that help to create brand equity in cultural organizations from the visitor viewpoint and second, to examine the impact of cultural brand equity on visitor satisfaction as well as on future intentions. A model of the relationships is developed and empirically tested using data collected from visitors attending The Ages of Mankind cultural exhibition in Castilla and Leon, Spain. In the present study, evidence is found to support the propositions that brand equity is closely linked to the particular image it conveys, to the event's recognition, the quality of the exhibitions and the cultural values it transmits. Brand equity also impacts visitor perception of the most recent exhibition, as well as future intentions to attend or even pay an admission fee.

Innovation has become a key tool enabling museums to adapt to the major changes that have taken place in recent decades in the milieu in which such organizations operate. However, countries' differing cultural policies, coupled with the particular nature of museums themselves (size, type of collection, organizational structure, system of funding, etc.), have a practical impact on the ability of such organizations to innovate and adapt to the new situation. In this context, our study posits three aspects through which innovation may appear in museums: technological innovation in management, technological innovation in visitor experience and organizational innovation. We also explore the extent to which the nature of cultural policies in different countries, how museums are managed and their size and funding impact each type of innovation. The empirical analysis was conducted for art and history museums in four European countries: France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. We felt that exploring ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the VersaTREK system for Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing compared with results obtained with the Bactec MGIT 960 system. A total of 67 strains were evaluated. Overall agreement was at 98.5%. Kappa indexes were 1.0 for isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol, 0.937 for pyrazinamide, and 0.907 for streptomycin. The VersaTREK system is validated for M. tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing.

Our work pursues a twin aim. Firstly, we explore the influence of organizational size on innovations in museums as well as its impact on museums’ economic, market and social performance. Secondly, we analyse how the (public–private) funding of such organizations impacts innovation and performance. The empirical work is based on information from a survey of 491 museums (British, French, Italian and Spanish). We find that museum size does prove relevant in the commitment to engage in innovation but that public funding of museums does not encourage innovation. We also highlight the importance of the explanatory power of the type of funding on the performance of these cultural organizations. This research also reveals how organizational and technological innovations as well as innovation in value creation in museums enhance economic, market and social performance.

Objectives: To determine the proportion and type of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistant to streptomycin, and their relationship with the level of resistance and with the epidemiological molecular pattern of the isolates. Methods: Sixty-nine streptomycin-resistant isolates from a M. tuberculosis strain collection (1995– 2005) from Barcelona were studied. The MIC of streptomycin for each isolate was determined using the proportions method with Middlebrook 7H11 medium. The entire rpsL gene and two specific fragments of the rrs gene (the 530 loop and the 912 region) were sequenced. IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism and spoligotyping were performed in each isolate. Results: Twenty-six (26/69, 37.7%) streptomycin-resistant isolates presented a mutation in either the rpsL gene and/or the rrs530 loop, with no mutation in the rrs912 region. Seventeen (24.6%) isolates showed rpsL mutations (codons 43 and 88) associated with high MIC levels. Nine (13.0%) isolates had alterations in the rrs gene (A513T, A513C and C516T). Nineteen isolates (19/64, 29.7%) were classified into seven clusters (containing 2– 5 isolates per cluster). Nineteen different spoligotype patterns were found. All the LAM3 spoligotype isolates (10/67, 14.9%) were associated with a C491T change in the rrs gene, being also observed in all LAM3 streptomycin-susceptible isolates. Conclusions: Mutations in therpsL andrrs genes were detected in 37.7% of streptomycin-resistantM.tuberculosis isolates. High-level resistance was associated with mutations in therpsL gene, whereas wild-type isolates showed low MIC levels. The presence of the C491T substitution in the rrs gene in streptomycin-susceptible and -resistant isolates demonstrates that this change is an epidemiological marker associated with LAM3 sublineage.

This paper aims to explore determinants of brand equity for cultural activities from the perspective of internal as well as external visitors. Our analysis advocates four elements for brand equity in artistic and cultural activities (loyalty, brand image, perceived quality and brand values) and assesses them for the case of an itinerant art exhibition staged over the past twenty years in a region of Spain. Building on extensive literature, a model of the relationship is developed and empirically tested using survey data collected from 406 visitors. Data are analysed through Partial Least Squares. Findings suggest that external visitors attach greater importance to brand image as a determinant of value than do internal visitors, whereas for the latter brand values are the main source of value.

En los vinos blancos el aroma es uno de los principales atributos de calidad, siendo los compuestos aportados por la uva los que determinan el perfil varietal. Tempranillo Blanco es una variedad derivada de Tempranillo Tinto por mutación natural, que desde el año 2008 está autorizada únicamente en la D.O.Ca. Rioja. Sus vinos manifiestan características organolépticas de alta calidad, con notas afrutadas y florales intensas. En este trabajo se estudió el perfil aromático varietal de Tempranillo Blanco en siete localizaciones geográficas de la D.O.Ca. Rioja durante la campaña 2016. Las parcelas se distribuyeron en las tres subzonas que integran la denominación, con características vitivinícolas diferenciadas debido a las condiciones de clima y suelo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron diferencias notables en el contenido aromático de la uva procedente de las distintas ubicaciones del viñedo. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron los norisoprenoides (48-70%), seguidos por los bencenoides (8-29%) y los aldehídos y cetonas (3-18%); otros muchos volátiles fueron detectados en menores porcentajes (compuestos C6, alcoholes, terpenos, ésteres, ácidos…). A pesar de las diferencias observadas, el perfil aromático varietal se mantuvo, por lo que se puede concluir que Tempranillo Blanco es una variedad con amplias posibilidades de adaptación a diferentes entornos vitícolas.

This paper focuses on the development of a scale for assessing support needs of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. This tool adheres to the most recent conception of intellectual disabilities and has been translated into Spanish following the international proposal initi- ated by the American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disa- bilities (AAIDD). The main focus of this research is to analyze the psy- chometric characteristics of this scale within the Spanish context. So far, this tool has been administered to a pilot sample of 143 people (both chil- dren and adolescents) with intellectual disabilities and has been analyzed according to the framework of Item Response Theory (IRT), specifically taking into account the assumptions of the Rating Scale Model (RSM). The results show preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of the scale, as well as the adequate adjustment of the data to the proposed model.

Ethambutol resistance has mostly been related to mutations in the embB gene. The objective of the present study was to characterize the embB gene in a collection of ethambutol-resistant and ethambutol-susceptible isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) from Barcelona, and to develop a DNA microarray for the rapid detection of embB mutations in our area. Fifty-three ethambutol-resistant and 702 ethambutol-susceptible isolates of MTBC were sequenced in internal 9821495 bp fragments of the embB gene. In addition, a low-cost, low-density array was designed to include the embB codons identified as being most frequently mutated in our area (LD-EMB array). The global prevalence of embB mutations found among the ethambutol-resistant isolates was 77.4 (41/53). Substitutions in embB306 were the most common [53.7 (22/41)], followed by substitutions in embB406 [26.8 (11/41)]. The presence of mutations in embB406 was related to higher levels of ethambutol resistance and to multidrug resistance. Among unrelated isolates (from 24-locus MIRU-VNTR genotyping), the percentage of embB-mutated isolates was 72.9 (27/37)u59.3 (16/27) in embB306 and 25.9 (7/27) in embB406. None of the ethambutol-susceptible isolates studied showed a mutation in codon 306 or 406. The LD-EMB array showed 100 sensitivity and specificity in identifying the main embB substitutions in our area. Mutations at codons 306 and 406 of embB have a relevant role in resistance to ethambutol in our area. The LD-EMB array developed in this study would appear to be a good molecular test for rapid detection of ethambutol resistance.

Objective Cholestasis is associated with increased liver injury and morbidity after partial hepatectomy (PH), yet bile acids (BAs) are emerging as important mediators of liver regeneration. Fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15, human FGF19) is a BA-induced ileum-derived enterokine that governs BA metabolism. We evaluated the relevance of Fgf15 in the preservation of BA homeostasis after PH and its potential role in the regenerative process. Design Liver regeneration after PH was studied in Fgf15 −/− and Fgf15 +/+ mice. The effects of the BA sequestrant cholestyramine and adenovirally delivered Fgf15 were examined in this model. The role of Fgf15 in BA-induced liver growth was tested in Fgf15 −/− mice upon cholic acid (CA) feeding. The direct mitogenic effect of Fgf15 was evaluated in cultured mouse hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Results Fgf15 −/− mice showed marked liver injury and mortality after PH accompanied by persistently elevated intrahepatic BA levels. Cholestyramine feeding and adenovirally delivered Fgf15 reduced BA levels and significantly prevented this lethal outcome. Fgf15 also reduced mortality after extensive hepatectomy in Fgf15 +/+ animals. Liver growth elicited by CA feeding was significantly diminished in Fgf15 −/− mice. Proliferation of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes was also noticeably reduced in CA-fed Fgf15 −/− mice. Fgf15 induced intracellular signalling and proliferation of cultured hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Conclusions Fgf15 is necessary to maintain BA homeostasis and prevent liver injury during liver regeneration. Moreover, Fgf15 is an essential mediator of the liver growth-promoting effects of BA. Preoperative administration of this enterokine to patients undergoing liver resection might be useful to reduce damage and foster regeneration.

In cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, it is crucial to rule out resistance to second-line antituberculous (anti-TB) agents. In the present study, a low-cost low-density DNA array including four genetic regions (rrs 530 loop, rrs 1400, rpsL and gyrA) was designed for the rapid detection of the most important mutations related to anti-TB injectable drugs (mainly streptomycin) and fluoroquinolone resistance (LD-SQ array). A total of 108 streptomycin- and/or ofloxacin-resistant and 20 streptomycin- and ofloxacin-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates were analysed with the array. The results obtained were compared with sequencing data and phenotypic susceptibility pattern. The LD-SQ array offered a good sensitivity compared to sequencing, especially among resistant strains: 92.5% (37/40) for streptomycin and 87.5% (7/8) for fluoroquinolones. Therefore, this array could be considered a good approach for the rapid detection of mutations related to streptomycin and fluoroquinolone resistance. On the other hand, there were discordant results in 16 resistant strains and six susceptible isolates, mostly concerning the gyrA region, in which the existence of polymorphisms next to informative positions might cause cross-hybridization. These discrepancies were caused by some technical limitations; consequently, the present array should be considered as a first-step prior to a forthcoming optimized version of the array. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives: We analysed the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates to penetrate and grow inside murine macrophages as a surrogate of fitness. Methods: Thirty-five drug-resistant and 10 drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis isolates were studied in a murine macrophage model from the J774.2 cell line in a 6 day protocol, performing semi-quantitative counts in Middlebrook 7H11 medium. The mycobacterial penetration index (MPI) after infection and the mycobacterial growth ratio (MGR) inside the macrophages were determined to evaluate the fitness of isolates. Results: Isolates with the katG S315T mutation and multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates had a significantly lower MGR compared with drug-susceptible isolates. The MPI of the isolates with the katG S315T mutation showed a significant decrease compared with the MPI of those without this mutation. A trend to significantly lower values was also observed on comparing the MPI of the MDR isolates with that of the drug-susceptible isolates and the isolates resistant to isoniazid. Conclusions: The isoniazid-resistant and MDR isolates with mutations in the katG gene showed decreased multiplication inside murine macrophages, suggesting a lower fitness of M. tuberculosis with these resistance patterns.

Analyses are presented of 84 quarterly observations 1/85-4/05 on two U.S. index numbers of nominal prices often employed to measure inflation. Analyses are designed to answer two key questions of interest to macroeconomists. Is inflation stationary (I(0)) or stochastically non-stationary (I(1))? If it is I(1), is it scalar or multivariate? Both measures of inflation are found clearly to be I(1) and, for these measures, inflation is found clearly to be scalar. The paper also illustrates univariate analysis procedures (and report standards) considered to be more effective and convincing than those found in the existing literature on inflation measures.

Assessing and promoting self-determination is a key educational component to improved outcomes for transition-age young, specially for students with significant support needs. However, there are no psychometric robust tools in the Spanish context to assess self-determination. The main aim of this study is to present the developmental of The ARC-INICO Self-determination Scale designed to evaluate self-determined behavior of students with intellectual disability and an exploratory study of its psychometrical properties. The scale was applied to 99 high school students with intellectual disabilities. On average, these students were 16 years old (range: 11-19). Adequate internal consistency was shown. The factor analysis supported the multidimensional structure proposed for the scale. A set of items were found for review based on discrimination index. In conclusion, initial analyses show the acceptable preliminary psychometrical properties of this measure, indicating that it’s followed the right path in the development of a tool to know the level of students in skills such as autonomy, self-regulation, empowerment or self-knowledge that will be essential in their process of transition to adulthood.

F4/80, CD4) in casp8DMx mice. This finally resulted in a stronger fibrosis progression of the underlying sclerosing cholangitis induced by DDC in casp8DMx mice, as evidenced by an enhanced expression of collagen and a-SMA. Conclusion: Caspase8 has a distinct impact on individual liver cell types.While hepatocyte specific knockout provided protection from liver damage an ubiquitous deletion of caspase8 triggered more injury and inflammation. This was finally related to a significantly stronger activation of the liver progenitor cell compartment and more tissue remodelling.

In recent years a growing number of studies have started to apply non-market valuation methods to estimate the economic value of cultural goods. The majority of these studies use stated preference techniques, such as the contingent valuation method. This study discusses the application of the travel cost method to estimate the economic value of a specific type of cultural good: special exhibitions. The empirical work focuses on the touring exhibition the ‘Ages of Mankind’, one of the first and most representative examples of a blockbuster art exhibition in Spain. This is the first time, as far as we know, that this method has been applied to a large temporary exhibition and is one of the few applications of this method in the valuation of cultural goods.