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The authors of this paper analyze the necessity and possibility of constructing and implementing world sustainability model. The starting point of the research is the fact that nature — society — humanity represent unique system elements which are built up on each other. Due to the aforementioned, world management in terms of securing stable and sustainable development is not possible without comprehending self-regulating mechanisms of nature and society. During the research, on the one hand, the authors have made a devastating conclusion: self-regulating mechanisms of nature and society have completely collapsed in contemporary state of affairs. On the other hand, all attempts of constructing world sustainability models have failed, and work on their construction has been suspended. This primarily means that world project management, and thus world management, is impossible. In conclusion, the authors state the reasons which prevent world management form being accomplished and point to the new concept of sustainable development which promises a way out of today's dead-end.

This work presents an integrated approach to pathophysiological and pharmacological basis of allergic asthma as a blueprint of interdisciplinary multilevel intelligent system research. Intelligent system based healthcare promises improved prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and reduced costs. The aim of this work is to review the pathophysiological and pharmacological basis of these systems, emphasize the need for interdisciplinary multilevel collaboration in order to achieve optimal research results.

The authors present and critically analyze contemporary microeconomic models of demand optimization of input factors in different conditions of imperfect competition on input and output markets. The first part of the work considers the problems of optimization of the application of labor and capital input in the conditions of competitive input market and the positions of a perfect monopolist, the input seller. In this part, ideas on the phenomenon of monopolistic labor exploitation are specially considered. Then, it is followed by the consideration of characteristics of input demand optimization in case of monopsony, i.e. optimization in case of competitive output market and the position of the firm as a monopsonist on input market. The concluding part of the work represents the critical analysis of the so-called bilateral monopoly, i.e. supply and demand optimization of some input when a monopolist's market strategy is optimized and harmonized, as the only bidder and monopsonist, i.e. the only buyer of some input.

The authors consider the problems of influence of externalities on the Pareto optimal allocation of economic resources in the market economy. The analysis of the market equilibrium model in the conditions of competitive market and in case of positive and negative externalities shows a suboptimal allocation of production factors. In case of positive externalities, the equilibrium output is under the socially optimal one, i.e. an optimal solution is obtained. Negative externalities result in output that is bigger than socially optimal, i.e. certain economically unjustified hyperinflation. At the end of the work, the authors draw conclusion that interventions are necessary, both in case of positive and negative externalities, in order to modify individual decisions of market actors to eliminate suboptimal equilibrium states, i.e. suboptimal market strategies.

The work gives a presentation and the critical consideration of postulate applicability of new optimization models of consumer choice. The research includes the analysis and illustration of maximization of feasible usefulness of consumers on the so-called Lancaster model of goods characteristics, analysis of postulates and the model of consumer choice in the conditions of uncertainty, analysis of consumer inclination to bear risk and alternatives of consumer choice in “buying” risk insurance. Special attention is paid to the analysis of influences of “gambling” on consumer choice optimization and the consideration of connections between the price of increasing the level of consumers' information and attainable prosperity.

In this work the authors present and analyze some possibilities of applying the game theory to solve economic problems, primarily microeconomic ones. The first example to illustrate the applications of the game theory gives the solution of alternatives of two companies for computer production in strategic decision-making for using the joint operative system. Alternative possibilities of companies' decision-making and repercussions of their decisions on companies' profit have been considered in the variant both of imperfect and perfect information of companies (players). In the second part of the work, authors analyze possibilities to attain the Nash equilibrium, according to the minimax criterion on the well-known example of the so-called prisoner's dilemma. At the end, by the application of the game theory, an answer is looked for the question why the people do not pay tax voluntarily; the authors also consider the duopolist's dilemma on decision-making about to give up cartels.

The authors give a critical review and the analysis of possible implementation of Williamson's transaction cost theory. In the first part, they consider the characteristics of participants' behavior in transactions, notion of transaction, transactional costs and the warranty of contractual regulation. The main part of the work includes the dimensional analysis: uncertainty, role of fixed mobility factors and input specialties. Then, considering the so-called problem of “fundamental transformation” of input, frequency of transaction and coordination of transactional relationships follows. The concluding part of the work deals with the estimate of accomplishments, importance and possibility of transactional costs.

The author considers the problems of planning and realizing sustainable development aiming at protecting the living environment. In this research, the author recognizes that the stable and sustainable development together with the protection of the living environment is not possible without recognizing self-regulating mechanisms of the nature and their adequate application to the advancement and modernization of social and concentric circles of realization and feedback mechanisms. In researching, the author presents and analyzes the fundamental functioning and possibilities to construct the so-called global models and system-synthesis models. The author comes to the pessimistic conclusion that all the attempts to construct the global model of sustainable development, including the living environment protection have failed. To design and apply such a model in the world proportion, however, it is necessary to solve a row of different and difficult problems, and this elaboration the author plans to do in her next work.

The work deals with the comparative and critical analysis of macroeconomic aspects of general equilibrium theory. It is about the problem of general equilibrium in production, general equilibrium in exchange and the problems of simultaneous equilibrium in production and exchange. The research of cited problems contributes to a better understanding the complete economic mechanisms. Besides, general equilibrium model represents the basis for considering welfare economics and the optimization theory of contemporary market economies.

The authors start discusses the analysis and comparison of ideas of the so-called traditional school and the so-called Chicago liberal school on the problems of market regulation. It is about the ideas of functions and subjects of regulation, the structure of market and competition, market access barriers, collisions between market actors, market concentration role, consumer protection needs and the state intervention efficiency in the field of market mechanisms. Further researches consider theoretical and practical problems of regulation (a) natural monopolies, (b) competitive markets, (c) regulating other market imperfectness. Special attention is paid to analyzing the models of natural monopoly regulation.

The work gives a concise review and critical analysis of the so-called alternative theories of firm behavior. The review includes: a) theory of output pricing in conditions of uncertainty when the target function is not profit maximization; b) considering possibilities of management to carry out business policy outside the owner's interests; c) considering firm behavior when management chooses alternative targets of maximization; d) analyzing the problem causing business efficiency decline because of the uncertainty of some internal process in the firm; and e) researching firm behavior striving to realize “satisfying results”.

The aim of the work is the presentation, critical analysis and the evaluation of contemporary ideas and dilemmas on the basic hypotheses and axioms for consumer behavior modeling. Considerations in the work include the ideas on consumer sovereignty, supposition of consistency and persistency of consumer choice, choice rationality in the conditions of uncertainty and risks, the problems of rational decision-making in imperfect information and the target household function about the sense of maximizing attainable use.

The aim of the work is to review and analyze the ideas and possibilities of modeling social welfare optimization based on the essential premises of neoclassical schools on consumer choice optimization. The work explains current and often controversial conceptions of basic postulates of economic welfare. It deals with the problems of defining the functions of social welfare, conceptions about the principles and problems of collective welfare decision-making. In the final part, evaluations and conclusions on the importance of contemporary conceptions about the analysis of economic equilibrium and welfare economics are given.

The objective of the work is to present, analyze critically and illustrate the possibilities of implementing the decomposition model of price effects in the works of E. E. Slutsky, the known American economist. Starting from the author's idea that the height of real consumer income is determined by the attainable quantity of goods along with available income and consumer use optimization, some decomposition models of aggregate price effect change are analyzed. It is about the Slutsky model of compensation income change and the model of income effect change. The work analyzes the possibility of implementation in the analysis of real consumer behavior when they make decision and choose the optimal consumer basket. The application of improved methodology for calculation the price change index and the consumer standard of living in time dynamics is considered, too.

The objective of the work is to analyze and consider critically the relevance of decomposition model for price effects in J. R. Hicks' works, the famous British economist. It is about the analysis of price change effects on consumer choice optimization, attainable use and optimal consumption structure. Starting from Hicks' conception of real consumer income, the models of limiting the total price effects by means of the Hicks method of income effect changes and the method of compensation income changes are analyzed. At the end of the work, conclusions and evaluations of the importance and the possibilities of implementation of the Hicks models are given.

The author tries to present and analyze the influence of theoreticians of administrative management on developing the classical school in the narrow sense, i.e. taylorism. In the first part, the author considers the thoughts of Fayol, the most eminent theoretician of administrative management concerning the enterprise organizational structure and the principles of successful management. It is followed by the review of H. Gant's first ideas of labor relation humanization, then the teachings of Urwick and J.D. Mooney on rational coordination and job distribution. At the end, the author considers the importance of large organization departmentalization. In conclusion, he gives the concise comparison of differences and similarities in conceptions of representatives of the scientific organization (teylorists) and theoreticians of administrative management.

The authors consider microeconomic aspects of the state regulation of tax policies and subventions. The analysis includes the consideration of basic goals of the state intervention as providing budgetary revenues, influences on microeconomic situations, preference or non-preference of some market participant or social groups. The main point of consideration is on the analysis of impacts of instruments of the state intervention on the behavior and position of companies, market functioning and market equilibrium.