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Consider the algebraic function $\Phi_{g,n}$ that assigns to a general $g$-dimensional abelian variety an $n$-torsion point. A question first posed by Kronecker and Klein asks: What is the minimal $d$ such that, after a rational change of variables, the function $\Phi_{g,n}$ can be written as an algebraic function of $d$ variables? Using techniques from the deformation theory of $p$-divisible groups and finite flat group schemes, we answer this question by computing the essential dimension and $p$-dimension of congruence covers of the moduli space of principally polarized abelian varieties. We apply this result to compute the essential $p$-dimension of congruence covers of the moduli space of genus $g$ curves, as well as its hyperelliptic locus, and of certain locally symmetric varieties., Comment: 26 pages. Minor revisions. Comments welcome!

This paper aims to contribute to the construction of multiliteracies pedagogy. We argue that the analysis of focalisation is an essential dimension in multiliteracies pedagogy aimed at promoting th...

This article considers the problem of the idea of participation as an essential dimension of philosophy of education in the context of Karol Wojtyła’s teachings. It proceeds through the concepts of the person and participation. The paper reflects the need for discussion on philosophy of education due to the treatment of individual freedom in an extremely individualistic way. Wojtyła draws on the philosophies of consciousness and the philosophies of being in order to consider the constitution of our ideas in a manner relevant to the education for being together with all people and creatures, with the universe, with the whole world which gives us our own place.

Space—an essential dimension of our life—is analyzable from different viewpoints, which often gives rise to contrasting conceptualizations. Perceptual analyses shed light on the intrinsic anisotropy and deformations of perceived space, raising the issue of which geometry may be able to represent perceptual space. Pictorial drawings and painting have been relevant sources of information about the nature of living and perceived space. Although the geometry of perceptual space is still in its infancy, contributions are beginning to appear. This special issue contributes to the development of the geometry of perceptual space.

Clearly, the smartphone is increasingly playing a greater role in everyday life, thus providing opportunities to evaluate how well the use of the smartphone meets the requirements of undergraduate students in independent learning outside of a classroom setting. This study used the task-technology fit (TTF) model to explore the effectiveness of smartphone usage to interact with learning materials in independent learning outside of classrooms, the need for smartphone support, and the fit of devices to tasks as well as performance. First, the study used interviews, observation, and survey data to identify what are the most important constructs of smartphones that stimulate students to interact with learning materials in independent learning outside of classrooms. Based on the findings from the exploratory study and Task Technology Fit theory, we postulated the Navigation design, Ergonomic design, Content support, and Capacity as the essential dimension of the smartphone construct. Then, we proposed a research model and empirically tested hypotheses with the structural model analysis. The results reveal a significant positive impact of task and technology on TTF for smartphone usage to interact with learning materials in independent learning outside of classrooms; it also confirmed the TTF and performance have a direct effect on actual use.

The author’s basic design concept of an artificial cognitive system is that story generation is an essential dimension of the mind. In this paper, a brief preliminary report on the development of a memory system is presented. The memory system is positioned as a partial system of a cognitive system. Its fundamental roles are to organize a world as a collection of stories and form the forces of generating stories. The memory system is designed as a parallel distributed system. In particular, each memory item—stories, events, concepts, and schemas—corresponds to an internal agent that operates automatically. These memory agents are dynamically organized in a network form through incorporating external simple narrative texts. This organizational process is performed via parallel distributed operations of connection formation and spreading activation among memory agents. The system is implemented in a proof-of-concept fashion. Several preliminary analyses of the system behavior are also presented.

Contemporary studies of conflict have adopted approaches that minimize the importance of negotiation during war or treat it as a constant and mechanical activity. This is strongly related to the lack of systematic data that track and illustrate the complex nature of wartime diplomacy. I address these issues by creating and exploring a new daily-level data set of negotiations in all interstate wars from 1816 to the present. I find strong indications that post-1945 wars feature more frequent negotiations and that these negotiations are far less predictive of war termination. Evidence suggests that increased international pressures for peace and stability after World War II, especially emanating from nuclear weapons and international alliances, account for this trend. These original data and insights establish a dynamic research agenda that enables a more policy-relevant study of conflict management, highlights a historical angle to conflict resolution, and speaks to the utility of viewing diplomacy as an essential dimension to understanding war.

O estudo das emoções dos professores tem vindo a ganhar destaque, sendo atualmente reconhecido como uma dimensão essencial do trabalho docente. Contudo, apesar de ter vindo a ganhar relevância na área educacional, verifica-se uma lacuna de instrumentos quantitativos válidos para mensurar as emoções discretas do professor. Este estudo teve como objetivo traduzir para português e adaptar o Teacher Emotion Questionnaire (TEQ) para a cultura brasileira. Foram envolvidos, 51 participantes, dos quais quatro tradutores, sete especialistas, 40 professores, e ainda as pesquisadoras e autora principal do TEQ original. O presente estudo metodológico de adaptação cultural contou com as seguintes etapas: (1) traduções; (2) síntese das versões traduzidas; (3) comitê de especialistas; (4) avaliação pelo público-alvo; (5) tradução reversa; (6) estudo-piloto. As etapas tradução e síntese foram realizadas adequadamente, tendo sido introduzidas algumas alterações após a apreciação pelos especialistas e público-alvo. O estudo piloto mostrou que o instrumento adaptado é de fácil compreensão e preenchimento. Por fim, após alguns ajustes, a adaptação cultural foi aprovada pela autora principal do TEQ original. O presente estudo realizou o primeiro passo para disponibilizar um instrumento confiável e válido sobre as emoções dos professores. O próximo passo será a exploração das propriedades psicométricas do TEQ - Versão brasileira.

The article deals with theoretical issues of development of urban areas. Usually, urban-rural territory is defined as an idea and phenomenon, which expresses the rejection of the antinomy of the city and the village, their too rigid "physical", or landscape and social distribution. So, the city, the countryside and the space between them are considered as one. It should be noted that strong links of different nature - economic, social, political, cultural, recreational, etc. - are formed between the city and the village. In powerful urban-rural formations exist peripheral suburbs, which allows to combine urban life with rural. Urban-rural territory is a space consisting of several components, namely a large city, smaller cities or towns, villages and their environment. It is considered that the transition from the city center to the province occurs through the middle link - the periphery. The most important driving force behind urban-rural areas is the increase due to population migration to cities and vice versa. This is explained by finding opportunities to meet their own needs. In this context, it should be noted that migrations, especially if they are permanent, are determined by the intensity of the urban-rural connections. They are a consequence of the logistics process. Logistic level can be estimated by agglomerative links. So, urban-rural area is not only a system consisting of geographical space and settlements. At first, it is a system of connections that create a supportive framework of interaction between settlements in time and space, which is determined by various factors such as migration, economic balance, financial flows, environment and more.

Time is an essential dimension of our perception of the world and hence an important dimension for the representation of the real and social world in data models. We give an overview of the basics of representing time in data models and representing objects and processes with respect to the temporal dimension. In particular, we discuss basic concepts and novel developments in the areas of representing time, snapshot data models versus temporal versioning of data models, time-related storage of data in databases, temporal data warehouses and databases, schema evolution, and the representation and checking of temporal integrity constraints.

The purpose of this text is to discuss the relationship between soccer and dictatorship through interviews with some Brazilian Olympic soccer players who competed in the 1968 Olympic Games. It is noteworthy that, at that time, the athletes who went to the Olympic Games were amateurs. Through the narratives, we intend to analyze that, under the discourses that they were young and did not understand the political context, there was an essential dimension of the soccer player’s career: the uncertainty. To politically position oneself could generate consequences and difficulties to sign contracts as professional players.

One essential dimension of Toegye’s thought is the concept of principle (i/li) in relation to Neo-Confucian metaphysics and ethics. This chapter discusses this key topic and concludes that Toegye developed an inspiring, original interpretation that enriches and vitalizes the inner moral and religious depth of Zhu Xi Neo-Confucianism (Seongnihak) in Korea.

Education must guide students’ emotional development, not only to improve their skills and help them achieve their maximum performance, but to establish the foundations of a more cooperative and compassionate society. Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, therefore, implies focusing on emotional aspects as well as financial, social, environmental, and scientific objectives. In this line, the goal of this study is to show how emotional intelligence, which is an essential dimension in the development and management of emotional competences required to build sustainable societies, plays a key role in optimising student’s academic performance in the classroom through compassion and academic commitment. The research model was tested with a questionnaire addressed to 550 students from four higher education institutions and one secondary school. The results of a structural equation analysis confirmed the study hypotheses. Emotional intelligence was shown to be positively related to compassion and higher levels of commitment, which, consequently, led to better academic performance. This finding will encourage interest in developing emotional intelligence, not only for its long-term value in training healthy citizens, but also for its short-term results in the classroom.

Globally, the manufacturing industry is gearing up for the next level of industrial revolution, and it is called smart manufacturing or Industry 4.0. This chapter aims to discuss various aspects of performability for next-generation manufacturing systems. “Intelligence” is identified as an essential dimension of performability for such systems. Various elements of this new dimension are discussed, and the associated technologies are mapped. New business models that utilize the performability of the next-generation manufacturing systems are presented. Finally, a new philosophy, namely, “Manufacturing by Mass,” is built to capitalize the full potential of intelligent factories.

We use a recent advance in birational geometry to prove new lower bounds on the essential dimension of some finite groups.

Essential dimension of a family of complex manifolds is the dimension of the image of its base in the Kuranishi space of the fiber. We prove that any family of hyperkahler manifolds over a compact simply connected base has essential dimension not greater than 1 . A similar result about families of complex tori is also obtained.

Suppose $G$ is a finite group and $p$ is either a prime number or $0$. For $p$ positive, we say that $G$ is weakly tame at $p$ if $G$ has no non-trivial normal $p$-subgroups. By convention we say that every finite group is weakly tame at $0$. Now suppose that $G$ is a finite group which is weakly tame at the residue characteristic of a discrete valuation ring $R$. Our main result shows that the essential dimension of $G$ over the fraction field $K$ of $R$ is at least as large as the essential dimension of $G$ over the residue field $k$. We also prove a more general statement of this type for a class of ��tale gerbes over $R$. As a corollary, we show that, if $G$ is weakly tame at $p$ and $k$ is any field of characteristic $p >0$ containing the algebraic closure of $\mathbb{F}_p$, then the essential dimension of $G$ over $k$ is less than or equal to the essential dimension of $G$ over any characteristic $0$ field. A conjecture of A. Ledet asserts that the essential dimension, $\mathrm{ed}_k(\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z})$, of the cyclic group of order $p^n$ over a field $k$ is equal to $n$ whenever $k$ is a field of characteristic $p$. We show that this conjecture implies that $\mathrm{ed}_{\mathbb{C}}(G) \geq n$ for any finite group $G$ which is weakly tame at $p$ and contains an element of order $p^n$. To the best of our knowledge, an unconditional proof of the last inequality is out of the reach of all presently known techniques., 16 pages. Corrected some minor mistakes, improved the exposition, and added some additional examples. To appear in Documenta Mathematica

The task of identifying similar regions within and between cities is an important aspect of urban data science as well as applied domains such as real estate, tourism, and urban planning. Regional similarity is typically assessed through comparing socio-demographic variables, resource availability, or urban infrastructure. An essential dimension, often overlooked for this task, is the spatiotemporal mobility patterns of people within a city. In this work we present a novel approach to identifying regional similarity based on human mobility as proxied through micromobility trips. We use a dataset consisting of e-scooter trip origins and destinations for two major European cities that differ in population size and urban structure. Three dimensions of these data are used in modeling the spatial and temporal variability in movement between regions in cities, allowing us to compare regions through a mobility lens. The result is a parameterized similarity model and interactive web platform for comparing regions across different urban environments. The application of this model suggests that human mobility patterns are a quantifiable, unique, and appropriate characteristic through which to measure urban similarity.

The discussion on the possible implications of the digital economy for labour continues unabated. An essential dimension of the discussion is the widely shared view that a basic income could guarantee sufficient purchasing power for unemployed, underemployed and precarious workers should technological unemployment and labour market insecurity increase. A budget-neutral basic income has serious limitations as an economic stabilisation grant, but if financing proposals are revised, these limitations can be tackled. Even though guaranteeing sufficient purchasing power for unemployed, underemployed and precarious workers does not necessarily require an unconditional universal benefit, it seems clear that traditional activation based on strict means-testing and obligations will not be a strategy flexible enough to guarantee sufficient consumer demand in fluctuating labour markets. An economically sustainable solution might be to reduce means-testing gradually and to study carefully the effects.

Trust is an essential dimension in transactions that involve performance ambiguity, important consequences, and great interdependence between partners, i.e., there is some kind of risk involved. In personal sales, building lasting relationships should be encouraged, especially in insurance market, in which trust and commitment between broker and insured are put to test year after year. The present research intends to investigate the importance of trustworthiness of frontline employees and managerial policies and practices of insurance companies on customer satisfaction and loyalty. To the model testing, data were collected with Brazilian insurance brokers. PLS was used for the data analysis. The results indicate the influence of trustworthiness of employees on satisfaction and loyalty and the influence of managerial policies and practices on satisfaction.

We determine the essential dimension of the spin group Spin(n) as an algebraic group over a field of characteristic 2, for n at least 15. In this range, the essential dimension is the same as in characteristic not 2. In particular, it is exponential in n. This is surprising in that the essential dimension of the orthogonal groups is smaller in characteristic 2. We also find the essential dimension of Spin(n) in characteristic 2 for n at most 10., Comment: 15 pages; v2: description of finite group scheme in proof of Theorem 2.1 corrected

In this paper we address the question of the traps (local minima, quasi °at regions, and saddle points with null gradient) in phase recovery method based on the minimization of a quartic functional. In particular, we focus on the key role played by the ratio between the "essential dimension of data" Mind and the number of real unknowns Nr and we illustrate how it impacts on the presence of traps in the functional to be minimized. First, we show that such functional flattens when the essential dimension of data increases; and later, with reference to two different unknown sequences, we find the minimum value of the essential dimension of data Mind such that no traps exist in the functional. In this condition, the recovery of the solution is ensured independently of the initial guess that can be chosen completely at random.

This reflections article is a comment upon Rhys Jones’ paper (in this issue) which deals with the geographies of the governance of the future. I suggest that the constant production of governmental imaginaries dealing with the future should be understood as “future work” that is an essential dimension of a broader phenomenon of “territory work” whereby processes of re-territorialization and de-territorialization come together. The active attempt to “know” and cope with the future should be understood as an essential constituent of all governing activities without which the rationality of governance would lose much of its meaning. Governance of the future, as it occurs in governmental practices and associated imaginaries that translate the future into a governable object, is an essential dimension in the ongoing remaking of territories of wealth, power and belonging. This process merits more geographical examination and commentary.

We prove that the essential dimension of central simple algebras of degree $p^{\ell m}$ and exponent $p^{m}$ over fields $F$ containing a base-field $k$ of characteristic $p$ is at least $\ell +1$ when $k$ is perfect. We do this by observing that the $p$-rank of $F$ bounds the symbol length in $\text{Br}_{p^{m}}(F)$ and that there exist indecomposable $p$-algebras of degree $p^{\ell m}$ and exponent $p^{m}$. We also prove that the symbol length of the Kato-Milne cohomology group $\text{H}_{p^{m}}^{n+1}(F)$ is bounded from above by $\binom{r}{n}$ where $r$ is the $p$-rank of the field, and provide upper and lower bounds for the essential dimension of Brauer classes of a given symbol length.

An essential dimension not only of mental life, but also of relationships, the affectivity is built socially, its conventional manifestations varying depending on the social values acknowledged within a given group.An individual relates to the world simultaneously by cognition and emotion, so that the reason/passion dichotomy which, for a long period of time, has represented a red thread in the history of Western philosophy has been revised. Emotions are not opposed to reasonable conduct, but respond to a personal logic and certain implicit social norms, being in a direct relationship with the meaning the individual gives to events.Emotions are connected to social communication, represent “a way of affiliation to a social community” (David Le Breton) and the expression of relating to a situation, interlocutors, message. In this article we insist on the idea that affectivity, emotions correspond to certain reactions of the individual to a given situation which manifest by a series of physiological and psychological changes translated into mimicry, gestures, attitudes, words expression modalities which are acquired during a learning process and by constantly relating to the other members of the social group.

The achievement of the desired goals of mathematics education research requires the participation and cooperation of the teacher; researchers must consider how this participation and cooperation can best be ensured. The issue of methodology and the involvement of teachers and other decision-makers in the research process have been only indirectly addressed by the agenda. The aspects remain critical to the eventual success of the proposed research programme and therefore require serious and urgent consideration by all those engaged in mathematics education research. The essential dimension underlying current views on the nature of the algebra curriculum is the move from an emphasis on manipulative skills to an emphasis on conceptual understanding and problem solving, that is, a move from doing algebra to using algebra. A similar comment must apply to theoretical issues related to the learning and teaching of algebra. The research itself can be informed by the data derived from the study of the alternatives it incorporates.

Heidegger’s ontology, uncovering the multidimensionality of the phenomenon of being, seems to overlook an essential dimension of it. This gap pertains to the omission of the mutual affecting of beings, which leaves traces in beings. In identifying it, I draw upon Aristotle’s concept of affecting/being affected (On Generation and Corruption, Book I), which seeks to explain the origin of alteration in beings. Referring to the Aristotelian juxtaposition of action-passion serves, however, to illustrate the above omission and is an inspiration to explore the possibility of incorporating the concept of ‘shapeability’ into the framework of Heidegger’s ontology. This dimension of being’s disclosure, located at the junction of timeliness and worldliness, will be related to shaping and being shaped by other beings. I shall show how being, understood as revealing a given being’s specificity, can be disclosed in changes resulting from the inevitable mutual changing of beings.

Communication is the basic principle and an essential dimension of Christian theology. The recent advancements in information and communications technology compel theologians and seminarians to be creative users of this new technology. Besides, theological institutes recognise the importance of integrating teaching communication-related theology courses with information and communication technology. Hence, this paper aims to analyse the potential of teaching Communication Theology to future priests using communication technology in blended learning modality. An online questionnaire was sent to theology students in Chile, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines to identify and to analyse the respondents' learning needs. Findings reveal that the student-respondents have social media accounts and are willing to participate in a blended learning course on Communication Theology. The majority of them believe that blended learning will contribute to the efficient delivery of instruction. Recommendations clarify how theological institutes can proceed and establish a blended learning course for Communication Theology.

Most prior studies regarding navigational efficiency of electronic maps mainly investigated map characteristics such as the frame of references of maps (track-up maps vs. north-up maps) and the map dimensionality (2D maps vs. 3D maps). However, relatively little research has been found regarding how user characteristics, especially a user’s cognitive style, affect the effectiveness of navigational displays. The present study examined how individuals’ field dependence-independence, as an essential dimension of cognitive styles, affects user performance in orienting and navigating tasks with 2D and 3D electronic maps. The results suggested field-independent individuals had higher mental rotation ability than field-dependent individuals. The results also indicated significant interactions between field dependence-independence and frame of reference on both orienting and navigating tasks. Field-independent (FI) individuals responded more quickly and with higher accuracy compared to field-dependent (FD) individuals when using north-up maps, but no such differences was revealed when track-up maps were used. This implication could be further utilized to improve user-centered designs of navigation displays by considering individual differences.

Inspired by gamma-band oscillations and other neurobiological discoveries, neural networks research shifts the emphasis toward temporal coding, which uses explicit times at which spikes occur as an essential dimension in neural representations. We present a feature-linking model (FLM) that uses the timing of spikes to encode information. The first spiking time of FLM is applied to image enhancement, and the processing mechanisms are consistent with the human visual system. The enhancement algorithm achieves boosting the details while preserving the information of the input image. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method is effective.

One of the important open problems in the theory of central simple algebras is to compute the essential dimension of GLn /μm, i.e., the essential dimension of a generic division algebra of degree n and exponent dividing m. In this paper we study the essential dimension of groups of the form G = (GLn1 × · · · ×GLnr )/C , where C is a central subgroup of GLn1 × · · · ×GLnr . Equivalently, we are interested in the essential dimension of a generic r-tuple (A1, . . . , Ar) of central simple algebras such that deg(Ai) = ni and the Brauer classes of A1, . . . , Ar satisfy a system of homogeneous linear equations in the Brauer group. The equations depend on the choice of C via the error-correcting code Code(C) which we naturally associate to C. We focus on the case where n1, . . . , nr are powers of the same prime. The upper and lower bounds on ed(G) we obtain are expressed in terms of coding-theoretic parameters of Code(C), such as its weight distribution. Surprisingly, for many groups of the above form the essential dimension becomes easier to estimate when r ≥ 3; in some cases we even compute the exact value. The Appendix by Athena Nguyen contains an explicit description of the Galois cohomology of groups of the form (GLn1 × · · · ×GLnr )/C. This description and its corollaries are used throughout the paper.

In an effort to contribute to an essential dimension of Canada-EU studies, this paper looks at a particular research enclave, Southeast Europe as part of the so-called "post-communist space", where aid organizations including the EU and Canada have intervened during transitional processes towards good governance and building democratic institutions since the early 1990s. By mirroring the experiences of donors in the region, the paper argues that there is indeed scope for potential lesson-learning between Canada and the EU in terms of development cooperation, going beyond Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), acquis communautaires and in particular, the recent Canada-Europe Trade Agreement (CETA).

When I began comparing John Florio’s 1603 translation of Montaigne’s Essays to the original, I asked myself a very simple question: what doesn’t Florio translate? Now that I’ve come to the end of my enquiry, the question tends to become an exclamation: what doesn’t he translate! Not only is he at great pains to translate every word of the source text, including the quotations that Montaigne left in their original Latin (Greek, French or Italian), but he tends to overburden his translation rather than leave things out. In the eyes of several commentators, Florio’s desire to make Montaigne as comprehensible as possible to the English reader is counterproductive: by failing to do justice to his style, he exerts an albeit unwitting censorship upon an essential dimension of Montaigne’s writing. In his ‘Introduction’ to his own twentieth-century translation of the Essays, J.M. Cohen writes, ‘Though his version is considered one of the greatest Elizabethan translations, its virtues lie in the vigour of its English rather than in the truth of its rendering. Though repeatedly reprinted, Florio is far from Montaigne in the spirit, and not too accurate in the word’ (Cohen 1958, 21). Personally, I find that rather unfair, and even presumptuous, for Cohen’s translation is not without its flaws either. I’m rather of the opinion of Christophe Camard: ‘Montaigne’s style is limpid, but Florio densifies it somewhat, as if the arguments needed to be more clearly stated in English. As a result, what constitutes the charm of Montaigne’s style is often lost, even if the translation in all other respects is remarkably precise’ (2016, 94, my translation). 1 In fact, as we shall see, Florio is perfectly conscious of the losses and betrayals incident to translation, all translation. If this constitutes a form of censorship, then it is of a structural nature. The first part of this chapter will hence be devoted to Florio’s understanding of the pitfalls and inadequacies of translation.

The chapter offers an account of the prehistory of Vygotsky’s theory. More concretely, the chapter provokes an engagement with the conceptual and methodological issues that arose in Vygotsky’s creative development before the emergence of cultural-historical theory. Here is analyzed the shift in Vygotsky’s world-view orientation from subjectivism to natural-scientific, objective analysis of consciousness. Having passed through reflexology and behaviorism, Vygotsky never identified himself fully with these approaches due to his humanitarian education. It is proposed that Vygotsky’s effort to transcend the divide between objectivism and subjectivism as an essential dimension of the crisis in psychology can be examined as an attempt to overcome contradictions in his own research.

We characterize all fields of definition for a given coherent sheaf over a projective scheme in terms of projective modules over a finite-dimensional endomorphism algebra. This yields general results on the essential dimension of such sheaves. Applying them to vector bundles over a smooth projective curve C, we obtain an upper bound for the essential dimension of their moduli stack. The upper bound is sharp if the conjecture of Colliot-Th\'el\`ene, Karpenko and Merkurjev holds. We find that the genericity property proved for Deligne-Mumford stacks by Brosnan, Reichstein and Vistoli still holds for this Artin stack, unless the curve C is elliptic., Comment: 17 pages. v2: new counterexample to the genericity property in the elliptic curve case; the earlier Proposition 3.4 replaced by an argument which is still valid over non-perfect fields; exposition streamlined

This article assesses various advocacy practices for forcibly displaced people (FDP) through the analysis of advocacy networks, the examination of the goals that they pursue, and their ways of working. Three basic approaches, the welfare-based, the legal-based, and the capability-based approaches, are assessed. From this assessment, this study suggests the recognition of shared humanity as an entry point for advocacy, which offers a cosmopolitan understanding of rights and duties, and the most comprehensive protection for FDP. The main argument of this study is that if the demand for recognition is not heard, relief for refugees and other displaced people will lack an essential dimension. It is the demand to be recognized as human beings that engenders responsibility for forced migrants. Instead of prescribing a list of what to do, or not to do, this reflection has rather suggested a way of being and dealing with the forcibly displaced. This stance goes beyond the facility of typical responses that are known in advance.

This chapter traces disaster definitions devised by social scientists, recounting the evolution of scholarly thinking and the elements of the concept. The emphasis is on the definition of the phenomenon itself, not on enumerating the causes of, conditions for or consequences of disasters. Three collections of theory-based definitions are reviewed: the classical period, the hazards-disaster tradition, and the most recent emphasis on disasters as social phenomena. The influence of the human ecology perspective and the concepts of vulnerability and resilience are also examined. Gradually, consensus is emerging on a theory-based definition of disasters. Definitions have moved away from an agent-centered, damage-driven, uncontrollable event vision. Although agents may be proximal causes, humans “cause” virtually all disasters. Most researchers currently view social disruption as the key defining feature or essential dimension of disasters.

Truth is an essential dimension of psychoanalysis. Freud differentiated between material and historical truth, giving the latter a decisive role as historical truth refers to unconscious material that is only accessible by way of reconstruction. This chapter explores the notion of truncated childhood memories, which bear the mark of the silence, secrets and lies of others, as well as the potential liberating effects brought about by the revelation of a truth concealed from a subject’s history. The history of the recovered children of the Argentinian Disappeared, who were stolen and appropriated by the military between 1976 and 1983, was used as the historical context for this paper.

Today there is a robust, theoretical basis, contributed by a range of disciplines, for rooting compassion into university curricula—an essential dimension to HE’s remit to serve the public good. Central to this is how compassion has come to be introduced to be credit bearing towards degrees, for example, in terms of assessment practice for group work, seminars and tutorials, in parts of the University of Hertfordshire (UH).

In this article the$p$-essential dimension of generic symbols over fields of characteristic$p$is studied. In particular, the$p$-essential dimension of the length$\ell$generic$p$-symbol of degree$n+1$is bounded below by$n+\ell$when the base field is algebraically closed of characteristic$p$. The proof uses new techniques for working with residues in Milne–Kato$p$-cohomology and builds on work of Babic and Chernousov in the Witt group in characteristic 2. Two corollaries on$p$-symbol algebras (i.e, degree 2 symbols) result from this work. The generic$p$-symbol algebra of length$\ell$is shown to have$p$-essential dimension equal to$\ell +1$as a$p$-torsion Brauer class. The second is a lower bound of$\ell +1$on the$p$-essential dimension of the functor$\operatorname{Alg}_{p^{\ell },p}$. Roughly speaking this says that you will need at least$\ell +1$independent parameters to be able to specify any given algebra of degree$p^{\ell }$and exponent$p$over a field of characteristic$p$and improves on the previously established lower bound of 3.

This paper advances the conception of social entrepreneurs as caring entrepreneurs. We argue that the care ethics of social entrepreneurs, implying the pursuit of caring goals through caring processes, can be challenged when they engage in the process of scaling up their ventures. We propose that social entrepreneurs can sustain their care ethics as the essential dimension of their venture only if they are able to build a caring enterprise. Organizational care designates the set of organizing principles that facilitate the embedding of care ethics at an organizational level, beyond the imprinting induced by social entrepreneurs’ personal ethics.

This article highlights a neglected, if not wholly overlooked, topic in phenomenology, a topic central to Husserl’s writings on animate organism, namely, animation. Though Husserl did not explore animation to the fullest in his descriptions of animate organism, his texts are integral to the task of fathoming animation. The article’s introduction focuses on seminal aspects of animate organisms found within several such texts and elaborates their significance for a phenomenological understanding of animation. The article furthermore highlights Husserl’s pointed recognition of “the problem of movement,” movement being an essential dimension of animation if not definitive of animation itself. Succeeding sections testify to “the problem of movement” and the need to address it. They do so by answering the following basic questions: What indeed is livingly present in the experience of movement, whether our own movement and the movement of other animate beings, or the movement of leaves, clouds, and so on? What distinguishes kinesthetic from kinetic experiences of movement? How are movement and time related? Just what is the problem of movement and how do we address it? In what way is movement pertinent to receptivity and responsivity? Throughout these sections the article encompasses phenomenological analyses, elaborations, and implications of animation.

This paper shows that the number of independent parameters required to describe an Albert algebra up to isomorphism is at most seven. In other words, the essential dimension of the split group of type F 4 over a field of characteristic not 2 or 3 satisfies ed(F 4 )≤7 . This is achieved by reducing the structural group from the full 52-dimensional automorphism group to a subgroup of dimension 10, and exhibiting an eighteen-dimensional generically free linear representation that remains generically free once projectivized.

We conclude the computation of the essential dimension of split spinor groups, and an application to algebraic theory of quadratic forms is given. We also compute essential dimension of the split even Clifford group or, equivalently, of the class of quadratic forms with trivial discriminant and Clifford invariant.