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In this study, experimentally investigated effects of fuel blends obtained using fusel oil and diesel fuel in different proportions on exhaust emissions and engine performance in a four-stroke, CI engine. The engine experiments contucted of two stages. Firstly, it was attempted to determine the maximum amount of fusel oil that could be added to diesel fuel. The blends obtained to this end were tested in a diesel engine, and it was observed that there was a maximum rate of 37% that would work without any problems. After blending 63% diesel and 37% fusel oil, the test engine does not run if the fusel oil ratio in fuel blends is increased. Afterward, experiments were performed at different engine speeds (1250–3000 rpm) in the full load conditions with the fuel blends created (D100, F5, F10, F20, F30, and F37). Additionally, exergy, energy, and exorgoeconomic analyses were carried out using engine performance and exhaust emission values acquired in experimental studies. It was stated that addition of fusel oil to fuel blends increased fuel consumption. If the engine ran at a speed of 2250 rpm, there was 17% more fuel consumption in F37 fuel than D100 fuel. In fuel blends using fusel oil, NOX, CO2, and soot emissions are lower in comparison with D100 fuel. In this research, it was observed that the addition of fusel oil to diesel exhibited a significant decrease in NOX and CO2 emissions but created a significant increase in particulate matter, CO and HC emissions. A parallel increase occurred in exergy losses in engine due to increase in fusel oil in blends. The highest exergy destruction was calculated as 22 kW in F37 fuel at 3250 rpm. As the ratio of fusel oil in fuel blends increases, the useful power cost and the cost of CO2 released into the atmosphere decrease. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Gurel, Ali Etem/0000-0003-1430-8041 WOS: 000381530600091 A new, mixed-mode, fluidized bed drying system was developed using a solar energy system. The system was comprised of a solar air collector, a parabolic trough collector, and a heat pump system. The performance of the fluidized bed drying system was assessed by conducting energy and exergy analyses. This fluidized bed dryer was used to investigate the drying kinetics of mint leaves. The temperatures of the air used for drying by the solar energy system and the heat pump system were 45 and 50 degrees C, respectively. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the system were found to be 50 and 26%, respectively. The heating coefficient of performance (HCOP) was suggested as a new performance parameter of a solar energy system. The heat pump system had a coefficient of performance (COP) value of five. In other words, the heating coefficient of performance of this solar energy system was 10. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Science & Technology Asia, 24, 1, 41-53

This paper presents a thermoeconomic analysis and assessment of a municipal solid waste power plant system in Gaziantep. The operation of an existing municipal solid waste power plant is described in detail and a thermoeconomical methodology based on exergoeconomic relations and specific exergy costing (SPECO) method is provided to allocate cost flows through subcomponents of the plant. SPECO method is based on a step by step procedure which begins from identification of energy and exergy values of all states defined in the present system through fuel (F) and product (P) approach and ends at the point of establishing related exergy based cost balance equations together with auxiliary equations. The actual exergy efficiency of the solid waste power plant is determined to be 47.84% which shows that 52.16% of the total exergy input to the plant is destroyed. The net electrical power output of the Gaziantep municipal solid waste power plant is 5.655 MW. The total cost rate of the power plant is evaluated as 18.44$/h as a result of thermoeconomic analyses.

Energy and exergy analyses may be considered as important tools for design, analysis and optimization of thermal systems. This paper reports on energy and exergy analyses of thin-layer drying of sour pomegranate arils with microwave pretreatment. There were two microwave pretreatments (100W for 20 min and 200 W for 10 min) along with a control treatment (convection drying with no microwave pretreatment). Experiments were carried out at three air temperatures (50, 60 and 70?C) and three air velocities (0.5, 1 and 1.5 m/s). Results showed that energy utilization and energy utilization ratio increased with time, while exergy efficiency decreased. Energy utilization and drying time decreased considerably with microwave pretreatment of pomegranate arils. The minimum values of exergy loss and exergy efficiency were associated with the 200W microwave pretreatment, while they were maximum for control treatment.

Energy and exergy mechanisms of laminar-transitional micropipe flows are computationally investigated by solving the variable fluid property continuity, Navier–Stokes and energy equations. Analyses are carried for wide ranges of Reynolds number (Re = 10–2,000), micropipe diameter (d = 0.50–1.00 mm), non-dimensional surface roughness (e* = 0.001–0.01) and wall heat flux ( $$ {\text{q}}^{\prime \prime } $$ = 1,000–2,000 W/m2) conditions. Computations revealed that friction coefficient (Cf) elevates with higher e* and Re and with lower d, where the rise of e* from 0.001 to 0.01 induced the Cf to increase by 0.7 → 0.9% (d = 1.00 → 0.50 mm), 3.4 → 4.2%, 6.6 → 8.1%, 9.6 → 11.9% and 12.4 → 15.2% for Re = 100, 500, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000, respectively. Earlier transition exposed with stronger micro-structure and surface roughness at the descriptive transitional Reynolds numbers of Re tra = 1,656 → 769 (e* = 0.001 → 0.01), 1,491 → 699 and 1,272 → 611 at d = 1.00, 0.75 and 0.50 mm; the corresponding shape factor (H) and intermittency (γ) data appear in the narrow ranges of H = 3.135–3.142 and γ = 0.132–0.135. At higher Re and lower d, e* is determined to become more influential on the heat transfer rates, such that the Nue*=0.01/Nue*=0.001 ratio attains the values of 1.002 → 1.023 (d = 1.00 → 0.50 mm), 1.012 → 1.039, 1.025 → 1.056 and 1.046 → 1.082 at Re = 100, 500, 1,000 and 2,000. As e* comes out to cause minor variations in the cross-sectional thermal entropy generation rates $$ \left( {{\text{S}}_{{\Updelta {\text{T}}}}^{\prime } } \right) $$ , $$ {\text{q}}^{\prime \prime } $$ is confirmed to augment $$ {\text{S}}_{{\Updelta {\text{T}}}}^{\prime } $$ , where the impact becomes more pronounced at higher Re and d. Frictional entropy generation values $$ \left( {{\text{S}}_{{\Updelta {\text{P}}}}^{\prime } } \right) $$ are found to be motivated by lower d, higher Re and e*, such that the $$ {\text{S}}_{{\Updelta {\text{P}}_{{{\text{d}} = 0.50{\text{mm}}}} }}^{\prime } /{\text{S}}_{{\Updelta {\text{P}}_{{{\text{d}} = 1.00{\text{mm}}}} }}^{\prime } $$ ratio is computed as 4.0011 → 4.0014 (e* = 0.001 → 0.01), 4.002 → 4.007, 4.006 → 4.027 and 4.023 → 4.102 at Re = 100, 500, 1,000 and 2,000. As the role of $$ {\text{q}}^{\prime \prime } $$ on total entropy generation $$ ({\text{S}}^{\prime } ) $$ turns out to be more remarkable at higher d and lower Re, the task of e* becomes more sensible at higher Re.

WOS: 000228025000001, This paper is concerned with thermodynamic analysis of the process of single-layer drying of apple slices by means of a cyclone-type dryer. Using the first law of thermodynamics, energy analysis was performed to estimate the ratios of energy utilization throughout the drying process. Exergy analysis was carried out to determine exergy losses during the drying process by applying the second law of thermodynamics. It was concluded that the exergy losses increased with increasing energy utilization in both trays and the drying chamber. Values of the energy utilization ratio (EUR) of the drying chamber varied in the range 0-41.64 per cent depending on the drying conditions. The most exergy losses took place on the first tray (EUR = 0-21.06 per cent) during the drying of apple slices. It is emphasized that apple slices are sufficiently dried in the range 60-80 degrees C with 20-10 per cent relative humidity and a drying air velocity of 1.5 m/s over a 3.33-5.33 h period in spite of exergy losses of 0-1.243 kj/s (EUR = 0-34.72 per cent).

This work describes the energy and exergy analysis of a diesel engine integrated with a PCM based energy storage system, and provides more realistic and meaningful assessment than the conventional energy analysis. Using actual system data, the assessments of energy and exergy saved, and energy and exergy efficiencies are done. The exergy saved in the overall system is quantified and illustrated using an exergy flow diagram. Also, energy and exergy flow diagrams are compared. It is observed through the analysis that 6.13% of the total energy of the fuel is saved using the TES system. From the exergy analysis, it is identified that only 0.47% of the chemical availability of the fuel is saved. The energy efficiency of the integrated system is found to be varying between 3.19% and 34.15%. In contrast, the exergy efficiency, which incorporates the second law of thermodynamics for the integrated system, ranges from 0.25% to 27.41%.