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The mechanical properties and radiation attenuation competence of Tb3 thorn ions doped borogermanate-aluminiophosphate (BGAP) glasses with codes Tb15, Tb20, Tb25, Tb30, Tb35, and Tb40 have been investigated. Bond compression model (B-C) and Phy-X/PSD software are used to achieve these aims. All elastic moduli were reduced with increasing the Tb2O3 content in the BGAP glasses. Values of bulk (KB -C) elastic modulus were possessed decreasing from 86.676 GPa for Tb15 glass sample to 80.205 GPa for Tb40 sample. The values of Young's (EB-C) modulus were found to decrease from 118.197 to 115.641 Gpa and Poisson's ratio (sB-C) of the BGAP glasses were reduced from 0.272 to 0.259. The highest values of linear (m) and mass (mm) attenuation coefficients were possessed for the Tb40 glass sample. Therefore, (mass, linear)Tb40 > (mass, linear)Tb35 > (mass, linear)Tb30 > (mass, linear)Tb25 > (mass, linear)Tb20 > (mass, linear)Tb15. Half value layer parameter (T1/2) and mean free path (l) of BGAP glasses were have a similar trend; (l, T1/2)Tb40 < (l, T1/2)Tb35 < (l, T1/2)Tb30 < (l, T1/2)Tb25 < (l, T1/2)Tb20 < (l, T1/2)Tb15. Exposure (EBF) and energy absorption (EABF) buildup factors have a similar attitude for all BGAP glasses. However, the minimum values of EBF and EABF were recorded for the Tb40 sample. Results confirm that Tb40 sample can be considered as superior for radiation shielding among all studied glasses.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). WOS:000807259500008

IntroductionWe report the breast and chest radiation dose assessment for mammographic examinations using a three-layer heterogeneous breast phantom through the MCNPX Monte Carlo code.MethodsA three-layer heterogeneous phantom along with compression plates and X-ray source are modeled. The validation of the simulation code is obtained using the data of AAPM TG-195 report. Deposited energy amount as a function of increasing source energy is calculated over a wide energy range. The behavioral changes in X-ray absorption as well as transmission are examined using the F6 Tally Mesh extension of MCNPX code. Moreover, deposited energy amount is calculated for modeled body phantom in the same energy range.Results and discussionsThe diverse distribution of glands has a significant impact on the quantity of energy received by the various breast layers. In layers with a low glandular ratio, low-energy primary X-ray penetrability is highest. In response to an increase in energy, the absorption in layers with a low glandular ratio decreased. This results in the X-rays releasing their energy in the bottom layers. Additionally, the increase in energy increases the quantity of energy absorbed by the tissues around the breast.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Map of Ecological Land Classes of Europe [15]. Table S1. Legend of the map on Ecological Land Classes of Europe [15]. Table S2. Description of Chemical Transport Models (CTM) used as data source. Figure S2. Predicted correlation patterns for Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn (moss; EMEP/LE) at site level as classified according to their surrounding land use with above element-specific average (= A) or below e.-s. average (= B) correlations.