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Serum tumor markers are widely used for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, and surveillance. Our study evaluated cancer embryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma.The National Cancer Database was reviewed (2004-2011) for patients with surgical treatment for appendiceal adenocarcinoma. Patients were stratified into two groups: normal and elevated CEA. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to determine the independent effect of CEA on survival.Our study consisted of 2867 patients, 54.0% having elevated CEA. Patients with elevated CEA were more likely to have Stage IV disease, be female, and African American; all p 0.001. Three-year overall survival (OS) was significantly higher with normal CEA (75.5% vs. 62.8%, p 0.001). On multivariable analysis, elevated CEA was associated with worse survival (hazard ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.23-1.80). Patients with elevated CEA had improved 3-year OS with neo-adjuvant compared to adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.004), while those with normal CEA showed no difference.In patients with surgically treated appendiceal adenocarcinoma, preoperative elevation in CEA independently predicts decreased 3-year survival and correlates with improved OS with neo-adjuvant therapy. CEA levels should be considered in clinical decision-making regarding neo-adjuvant therapy in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma.

Cigarette smoking is known to be associated with the risk of developing certain types of cancers, cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. This study was aimed at evaluating the risks of certain types of cancers, cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in smokers. A total of 90 subjects were recruited for this study. This comprised 60 male smokers and 30 male non-smokers within the age range of 18 and 65. The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. Smokers had significantly higher levels of CEA compared with non smokers P0.05). However, a strong correlation existed between duration of smoking and the mean levels of CEA (r = 0.296) and cTnI I (r = 0.170) while a negative correlation was observed between the duration of smoking and the mean levels of TNF-α (r = -0.073). The highest serum CEA and cTnI levels were obtained in moderate smokers and the highest serum TNF-α level was observed in heavy smokers. This work suggests that smokers have increased levels of CEA and may regularly face the risk of certain types of cancers.

At present, many researchers focused on the point-of-care testing (POCT), a method of disease markers detection without large-scale instruments and specialized persons. However, most POCT diagnostic methods were suffered from poor detection sensitivity or inefficiency in quantitative detection. Herein, we developed a newly QD-immune fluorescence test strips (QD-IFTS) based on quantum dots (QDs) as the fluorescence nanocarrier to prepare the immune fluorescence probes in the classical immunochromatography detection system for sensing carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), a kind of glycoprotein produced by intestinal tissue and a broad spectrum of tumor marker for cancer diagnosis. And we designed a homemade strips fluorescence reader for detection of fluorescence intensity of QDs on the QD-IFTS. Under the optimized reaction conditions, chromatographic time of the newly QD-IFTS was only 25 min, sample volume of the newly QD-IFTS was only 40 μL and the LOD of the newly QD-IFTS was 0.72 ng/mL. In addition, the efficiency and robustness of the newly QD-IFTS were confirmed by successfully application in 300 clinical serum samples, and the results revealed great potential in clinical POCT of other biomarkers.

Colorectal malignancy (CRC) is a significant worldwide medical problem which can effect on understanding bleakness and mortality. The essential point of this examination was to research whether a preoperative rise in serum CEA is an autonomous prognostic factor for colorectal cancer patients accomplice by the connection to certain boundaries. Method:The current investigation incorporate 50 patients(25 guys and25 females) .The samples were drawn from the patients when coming to AL-Forat Al-Awsat focus in AL-Najaf city for checking and treating during the period expanded from1/8/2020 to2/9/2020. The sound gathering as control was made out of ten (10) show up as solid were gathered from lab of obsessive breaks down in AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf in various occasions. (5 ml) of venous blood were drawn from colorectal malignant growth patients and solid gathering at 9-12 A.M from bet cubital venipuncture utilizing a dispensable needle and plastic syringes. Results:The flow study demonstrated critical increase (P0.05) in this examination in CEA level between male (9.18±3.176)ng/ml in contrasting and female group(10.56±5.199)ng/ml. Additionally in this investigation demonstrated there was no critical differences(p>0.05) in serum CEA level between two gatherings of ages include: ages under or equal 60 (9.11±4.318)ng/ml and ages more than 60 (11.43±3.478)ng/ml ,While serum examination of CEA in patients with colorectal malignancy malady as per stage showed there was huge increment P(

Objective: Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor, characterized by being difficult to detect and lacking specific clinical manifestations. This study aimed to find out the risk factors of mediastinal lymph node metastasis and explore the correlation between serum tumor markers and mediastinal lymph node metastasis and lung cancer prognosis.Methods: A retrospective study of 3,042 lung cancer patients (330 patients with mediastinal lymph node metastasis and 2,712 patients without mediastinal lymph node metastasis) collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from April 1999 to July 2020. The patients were divided into two groups, namely, mediastinal lymph node metastasis group and non-mediastinal lymph node metastasis group. Student’s t test, non-parametric rank sum test and chi-square test were used to describe whether there is a significant difference between the two groups. We compared the serum biomarkers of the two groups of patients, including exploring serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium hemoglobin (HB), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, CA-199, CA -153, cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1), total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and the incidence and prognosis of lung cancer mediastinal lymph node metastasis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine its risk factors, and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate its diagnostic value for mediastinal lymph node metastasis.Results: Binary logistic regression analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen and CYFRA 21-1 were independent risk factors for mediastinal lymph node metastasis in patients with lung cancer (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of CEA for the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis were 90.2 and 7.6%, respectively; CYFRA 21-1 were 0.6 and 99.0%, respectively.Conclusion: Serum CEA and CYFRA 21-1 have predictive value in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in patients with lung cancer.

A novel near-infrared (NIR)-excited photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor based on an ionic liquid functionalized metal organic framework (Yb-MOF) and gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) was designed for the high-performance determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The Yb-MOF was synthesized from the coordination of the Yb3+ metal ion with the 1,1'-(1,5-dihydropyrene-2,7-diyl)bis(3-(4-carboxybenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium) bromide [DDPDBCBIm(Br)2] ionic liquid by a hydrothermal method. To improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the Yb-MOF in the NIR region, the surface of the Yb-MOF was integrated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to fabricate a Yb-MOF@AuNP nanocomposite through an in situ reduction of chloroauric acid with sodium borohydride. The NIR photoelectrochemical response of the Yb-MOF@AuNPs at 808 nm was enhanced 4-fold over the pristine Yb-MOF. Subsequently, a photoelectrochemical platform based on the Yb-MOF@AuNPs was constructed for loading the CEA antibody (anti-CEA). After cross-linking with glutaraldehyde followed by blocking with bovine serum albumin, a photoelectrochemical sensor for assaying CEA was fabricated. Upon specifically interacting with CEA, CEA can block the photogenerated electron-hole pair transfer and the mass transfer of ascorbic acid to the sensing interface, thus leading to a decrease in photocurrent response. The photocurrent variation can be used for determining CEA quantitatively. After optimizing the experimental conditions, the photocurrent variations before and after incubation with CEA were linearly correlated with the CEA concentration over the range of 0.005-15 ng mL-1. The detection limit of CEA was calculated to be 0.25 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). The immunosensor was employed for the measurement of free CEA in clinical serum samples, and the results were very consistent with the values obtained by clinical tests. The NIR PEC immunosensor also demonstrated excellent accuracy and recovery, which corroborates its potential as a practical technique in clinical diagnosis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the value of combined detection of serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. A total of 50 patients with colorectal cancer were selected as Group A and 50 healthy subjects as the control group. A sample of 2 ml fasting venous blood was drawn from patients in each group, and serum CEA, CA19-9 and COX-2 were detected using electrochemiluminescence analyzer and ELISA. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed on analyze the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods for colorectal cancer patients at different stages. The expression levels of CEA, CA199 and COX-2 in the cancer patients group were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (P

Background: Colorectal cancer is a malignancy that originates from the colon tissue, which consists of the colon and rectum. The incidence of colorectal cancer worldwide is the third largest and is the fourth leading cause of death, accounting for 11% of all cancers in human. In general, the development of colorectal cancer is an interaction between environmental factors and genetic factors. Environmental factors are divided into modifiable factors and non-modifiable factors. The recurrence rate of colorectal cancer is still very high, so it requires a precise and accurate early detection of the recurrency. Method: Comparing the accuracy of the Carcinoma Embryonic Antigen (CEA) tumor marker examination with Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels to detect colorectal cancer recurrency by using Spearman correlation analysis between two variables at Abdul Moeloek Hospital Bandar Lampung during the study period of October 2019 to September 2020. Results: Twenty one samples are obtained, 11 samples did not experience any recurrency and the other 10 samples had colorectal cancer recurrence. The mean CEA level was 139.64 U / mL and the mean LDH level was 353.10 U / L. The relationship between CEA levels and colorectal cancer recurrence was significant with a correlation coefficient of 0.663, while the relationship between LDH levels and colorectal cancer recurrence was insignificant with a correlation coefficient of 0.213. Conclusion: CEA is more accurate than LDH to predict the recurrency of colorectal cancer, so that in clinical practice CEA is better used to predict colorectal cancer recurrence.

Despite extensive research on functional graphene oxide for anticancer drug delivery, the sensitivity of traditional protein targeting ligands to the environment limits the practical applications of targeted drug delivery. A unique molecularly imprinted magnetic graphene oxide was used as a novel drug delivery system for the treatment of tumors. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) synthesized by molecular imprinting technology have the advantages of good stability against chemical and enzymatic attacks, high specificity for a target template, and resistance to harsh environments. In our work, the MIP was used for specificity to tumor cells with carcino-embryonic (CEA) tumor markers as the template, and dopamine as the functional monomer was grafted on boronic acid-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide. The structure of the nanoparticles was optimized and characterized in detail by vibrating sample magnetometry, X-ray diffraction analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, and flow cytometry. The prepared polymer has magnetic properties, specific recognition to CEA, biocompatibility and pH sensitivity for drug delivery. Cell culture research was carried out on the tumor cells and normal cells. The composites exhibited dual targeting properties that not only magnetically target but also specifically increase the drug cytotoxicity to the tumor cells by selectively binding to CEA. On the basis of these results, this study developed a novel approach for targeting tumor cells for drug delivery without needing to modify the protein ligand.

Here, we described a simple and sensitive colorimetric method for the detection of carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA), which was based on the phenomenon of salt-induced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) aggregation and the conformation change of CEA's single-stranded DNA aptamer modified with a sulfhydryl group. Because of the reaction between the thiol group and AuNPs, the aptamer could bind to the surface of AuNPs strongly. AuNPs modified with aptamer had good stability in a high concentration of saline solution because of the repulsion of negative charges among the aptamers. In the presence of CEA, the aptamer tended to form a CEA-aptamer duplex instead of binding to the surface of AuNPs. As a result, the AuNPs changed its color from red to blue easily due to the salt-induced aggregation in the presence of CEA. Accordingly, the CEA was detected using this method. By adjusting the amount of the aptamer and NaCl added, a sensitive linear range for CEA was obtained. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit for CEA was 3 ng mL−1. This rapid, label-free assay using colorimetric method showed high sensitivity for CEA detection, which made it a practical way in some cancer biomarker detections.

Microspheres coated with specific biomolecules have been broadly employed to detect tumor markers. In this study, we developed a novel microfluidic platform based on pressure difference for the uniform distribution of microspheres and applied this platform for carcinoma-embryonic antigen detection with quantum dots probes. Within our microfluidic device, micropost arrays were designed to ensure that the trapped microspheres formed dot arrays to overcome the shortcomings of clogging and loss of microspheres, which typically occurred in currently used structures for microsphere capture. A sandwich immunoassay for the detection of typical cancer biomarker CEA was successfully performed on the microfluidic device with all reagents reacted together, which led to reduced experimental time and simple operations. As a result, a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL for carcinoma-embryonic antigen detection was achieved, and the calibration curve fitted the Langmuir model, which showed high clinical consistency with serum sample detection. To further investigate the performance of our system, trap efficiency and uniform ratio of microfluidic structure, and specificity of the experiment were evaluated and showed good consequences. The proposed microfluidic immunoassay system with advantages of high sensitivity and specificity, reduced time cost, and facile operations, indicates a promising potential in clinical diagnosis.

In this study, a novel biosensor based on molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) methodology was fabricated toward recognition of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). For this purpose, poly (toluidine blue) (PTB) was electropolymerized on the surface of gold electrode in the absence and presence of CEA. So, the target molecules were entrapped into the imprinted specific cavities of MIP. Obtained results show that, the binding affinity of the MIP system was significantly higher than that of revealed for the nonimprinted polymer (NIP) system, MIP-based biosensor revealed linear response from (0.005 to 75 μg/L) and low limit of quantification of (0.005 μg/L) by using chronoamperometry technique, leading to CEA monitoring in real and clinical samples. Thus, a novel technique for rapid, simple, sensitive and affordable monitoring of CEA (LLOQ = 0.005 μg/L) has provided through developed biosensor. From a future perspective, moreover, this method can be considered as an applicable candidate in biomedical and clinical analysis for point-of-care usages.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker that is mostly used to track patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). CEA is an indirect tumor marker that can be useful in both malignant and benign diseases. We presented the case of a 49-year-old man who had been monitored for a lower rectal adenocarcinoma since 2010. In 2010, he had an abdominoperineal resection. Previously completed both neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. In 2019, he was planned to undergo parastomal hernia (PS) repair, but studies have shown elevated CEA levels. The CEA concentration was 27.6 ng/ml. Although there were no signs of recurrence, positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (PET/CT) revealed considerable uptake in the left lobar thyroid. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PCT) was found on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAc). He underwent total thyroidectomy and CEA level reached the baseline after thyroidectomy.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify the prognostic factors before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in the patients with localized PDAC. Furthermore, to identify the post-surgical survival predictors of patients with LAPC. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Surgical resection may occupy an important position in multimodal therapy for patients with LAPC; however, its indication and who obtains the true benefits, is still uncovered. MATERIALS AND METHOD From 2005 to 2017, 319 patients with localized PDAC who underwent NCRT were reviewed. Only 159 patients were diagnosed with LAPC, of these 72 patients underwent surgical resection. We examined the pre-NCRT prognostic factors in the entire cohort and conducted further subgroup analysis for evaluating the post-surgical prognostic factors in LAPC patients under the pretext of favorable local tumor control. RESULTS In the entire cohort, pre-NCRT CEA value was recognized as the most significant prognostic indicator by multivariate analysis. In the 72 LAPC patients who underwent surgical resection, only high CEA level was identified as an independent dismal prognostic factor before surgery. At the cut-off value: 7.2 ng/mL, survival of the 15 patients whose CEA value >7.2 ng/mL was significantly unfavorable compared to those of 57 patients with

BACKGROUND Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), as tissue-specific stem cells, are capable of both self-renewal and differentiation and supporting the continual and robust spermatogenesis for male fertility. As a rare sub-fraction of undifferentiated spermatogonia, SSCs share most molecular markers with the progenitor spermatogonia. Thus, the heterogeneity of the progenitor cells often obscures the characteristics of stem cells. Distinguishing SSCs from the progenitors is of paramount importance to understand the regulatory mechanisms governing their actions. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to reveal that SSEA4 can be a marker for putative porcine SSCs that distinguished it from the progenitors and to build a sorting program for efficient enrichment of porcine SSCs. METHODS To explore expression of SSEA4 within the undifferentiated spermatogonial population, we performed co-immunofluorescent staining for SSEA4 and common molecular markers (VASA, DBA, PLZF, c-KIT, and SOX9) in the 7-, 90-, and 150-day-old porcine testicular tissues. SSEA4-positive cells were isolated from the 90-day-old porcine testes by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescent, RNA-sequencing, and transplantation analysis were used to reveal that SSEA4-positive fraction holds the stem cell capacity. RESULTS We found that SSEA4 was expressed in a rare sub-fraction of porcine undifferentiated spermatogonia, and RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the genes for stem cell maintenance and SSC-specific markers (ID4 and PAX7) were up-regulated in the SSEA4-sorted fraction, compared with undifferentiated spermatogonia. In addition, germ cell transplantation assay demonstrated that SSEA4-positive spermatogonia colonized in the recipient testicular tubules. Sorting of the undifferentiated spermatogonia with anti-SSEA4 antibody resulted in a 2.5-fold enrichment of SSCs compared with the germ cell gate group, and 21-fold enrichment of SSCs compared with the SSEA4-negative spermatogonia group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that SSEA4 is a new surface marker for porcine undifferentiated spermatogonia. This finding helps to elucidate the characteristics of porcine SSCs and facilitates the culture and manipulation of SSCs.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of carcinoerembryonic antigen in patients with rectal cancer and correlate its baseline with the degree of therapeutic pathomorphosis after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Materials and methods. An estimate of the informative value of carcinoerembryonic antigen (CEA) indices in 179 patients with colorectal cancer determined before and after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in SOD 50 Gy. Results. Analysis of the results presented in the study showed that in all patients, CRT caused a significant decrease in the level of CEA (–71%) 10 weeks after its end ( p < 0.001). In the course of the pathomorphological study, after the neoadjuvant treatment, the first degree of tumor pathomorphism was recorded in 4.5% of patients, II – 38.5%, III – 45%, IV – 12% (the degree of pathomorphosis is not related to the clinical stage and the degree of differentiation of colorectal cancer). It was revealed that patients with III and IV degrees of therapeutic pathomorphosis initially had a CEA level lower, in comparison with patients with grade I-II. Clinical progression of the disease is diagnosed in 24% of cases (43/179). It was noted that in patients with the IV degree of therapeutic pathomorphism of the tumor, no recurrence of the rectal cancer was detected in either case. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the problem of individual prediction of the effectiveness of combined treatment of the rectal cancer remains very relevant, rather complicated and yet not completely solved. However, it can be assumed that the use of such an indicator as CEA in monitoring patients after the treatment, can serve as a criterion for the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to CRT. Initially low antigen level can be considered as a positive factor of tumor response to ongoing treatment and disease-free survival of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Background: We examined the clinicopathologic features and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels of the colorectal carcinoma patients at Hue University Hospital and Hue Central Hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the pre-operative CEA levels from the post-operative CEA level and the clinicopathologic features in colorectal carcinomas. Materials and methods: From May 2011 to April 2012, samples were collected from 87 colorectal carcinoma patients. The pre-operative and post-operative samples from peripheral blood of the patients were collected to quantity of CEA level by sandwich principle. Results: Most patients were among the age of ≥70; 36.8% of cases. The medium age at presentation was 61.2±15,2. 36.8% (n=32) of the carcinomas were located in rectum and 19.5% in sigmoid colon. The great majority of cases were non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (90.8%). 48,1% of cases with pre-operative CEA level were higher normal level. The medium level of pre-operative CEA was 11.2±16.8 ng/l. Dukes B, C and D classification were 85.1%; 5.7% and 9.2% of cases, respectively. Compared with the pre-operative CEA level, post-operative CEA level was reduced (r = 0.604; p = 0.002). Conclusions: We found that there was a significant relation between pre-operative CEA level from post-operative CEA level (p

The presence of Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) and Carcino-embryonic Antigen (CEA) in serial sections of 32 breast carcinomas and one case of neurofibrosarcoma was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry using the indirect peroxidase technique. The neurofibrosarcoma was negative for TPA and CEA. All 32 specimens of breast cancer were positive for TPA and/or CEA. In 12 cases the staining was strongly positive for both TPA and CEA. In other cases either TPA or CEA was more abundant in the tumor. The overall concordance of staining was 58%, which is in relative agreement with the correlation between values for TPA and CEA in serum from patients with breast cancer. The finding that in addition to the difference between tumors, there was a difference within tumors was interesting. This indicated that TPA and CEA may be synthesized during partly different phases of the proliferative cycle.

A novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based aptasensor was proposed for carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) detection utilizing NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) as the energy donor and acceptor, respectively. The FRET process occurs when the single-stranded DNA modified UCNPs and Au-NPs are linked together by the CEA aptamer, which leads to the fluorescence quenching of UCNPs. However, the presence of CEA splits the above fluorescence-suppressed Au-NPs–aptamer–UCNPs sandwich complex, resulting in the fluorescence recovery of UCNPs. The recovery of fluorescence intensity is linearly correlated to the concentration of CEA in the range of 0.05–2.0 ng mL−1, enabling the detection and quantification of CEA. Such a sandwich-type FRET-based assay possesses a low limit of detection (0.02 ng mL−1) and satisfactory selectivity and reproducibility, indicating that this biosensor is applicable for the trace detection of the CEA protein.

The glycoprotein Prominin-1 and the carbohydrate Lewis X stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (LeX-SSEA1) both have been extensively used as cell surface markers to purify neural stem cells (NSCs). While Prominin-1 labels a specialized membrane region in NSCs and ependymal cells, the specificity of LeX-SSEA1 expression and its biological significance are still unknown. To address these issues, we have here monitored the expression of the carbohydrate in neonatal and adult NSCs and in their progeny. Our results show that the percentage of immunopositive cells and the levels of LeX-SSEA1 immunoreactivity both increase with postnatal age across all stages of the neural lineage. This is associated with decreased proliferation in precursors including NSCs, which accumulate the carbohydrate at the cell surface while remaining quiescent. Exposure of precursors to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) increases LEX-SSEA1 expression, which promotes cell cycle withdrawal by a mechanism involving LeX-SSEA1-mediated interaction at the cell surface. Conversely, interference with either BMP signaling or with LeX-SSEA1 promotes proliferation to a similar degree. Thus, in the postnatal germinal niche, the expression of LeX-SSEA1 increases with age and exposure to BMP signaling, thereby downregulating the proliferation of subependymal zone precursors including NSCs.

In this work, a novel impedimetric immunosensor was developed based on electrophoretic deposition of polymeric self-assembled nanoparticles for the sensitive determination of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA). Biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles γ-PGA-DA@CS were prepared by self-assembly of chitosan (CS) and dopamine modified poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA-DA) under mild conditions. A dense and nanostructured nanoparticles film was obtained on the electrode surface by electrophoretic deposition of γ-PGA-DA@CS nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were then tightly anchored on γ-PGA-DA@CS film with homogeneous dispersion due to numerous exposed dopamine adhesive dots present on the surface of γ-PGA-DA@CS. The obtained Au/γ-PGA-DA@CS nanocomposite film not only increases the electrode surface area in nanoscale dimension, but also provides a highly stable and biocompatible matrix for the convenient conjugation of antibody, thus providing a high-efficiency immunoassay platform. Monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA-Ab) were effectively immobilized on the Au/γ-PGA-DA@CS film and a label-free impedimetric immunosensor was fabricated successfully as the ultimate goal. Under optimal conditions, the resultant immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range from 2.0×10–14 g mL−1 to 2.0×10−8 g mL−1 for the detection of CEA with a low detection limit of 10 fg mL−1. To the best of our knowledge, this was the lowest detection limit compared with other counterparts of label-free impedimetric immunosensors. Moreover, the immunosensor showed high specificity, good stability and satisfactory reproducibility. As a proof of concept, the proposed strategy provided a promising and versatile platform for clinical immunoassay of other tumor markers and biomolecules.

Zusammenfassung Der Nachweis einer carcino-embryonalen antigenahnlichen Immunreaktivitat im menschlichen Sperma Eine Substanz, die im Radioimmunoassay fur carcinoembryonales Antigen (CEA) erfast wird, wurde in normaler menschlicher Samenflussigkeit gefunden. Ihre Konzentration betragt im Mittel 118 ng/ml. Sie ist unabhangig von der Spermatozoenzahl und auch bei Verschlusazoospermie in gleicher Hohe auffindbar. Sie ist dem Tumor-CEA von Coloncarcinomen immunologisch ahnlich, wie anhand der Parallelitat der Verdunnungskurven dargestellt wird. Gelchromatographisch wird sie ebenfalls im gleichen Bereich wie iodiertes CEA gefunden.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second close frequent most cancers among women, afterwards pores and skin cancer. It is near typically determined of ladies used fifty five in conformity with 64 The aim concerning the current education is in accordance with consider plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 biomarker, additionally measured the rapport among this biomarker or some parameters include: distressed diagnosis, youth, stage, par yet physique substance index between girls ith mamma most cancers disease. Method: The longevity existing study blanketed fifty five patients over AL-Najaf longevity ladies diagnosed along breast cancer. The samples have been stability pulled beside the sufferers when presence in conformity with AL-forat Al- Awsat center among AL-Najaf metropolis because of stability checking then treating in the course of the length prolonged from1/12/2018 to2/3/2019. The healthy team namely power was once drawn up of thirty -five (35) show up as like healthy were accrued beyond laboratory over pathological analyzes within AL-Najaf AL-Ashraf of one-of-a-kind times. The a long time over healthful crew had been matched along affected person ages.( 5 ml) about venous blood had been stretched out of breast most cancers sufferers then healthy team at 9-1A.M beyond ante cubital venipuncture the use of a disposable tine then plastic syringes. Results: The effects indicated a widespread expand (P 0.05) according after their BMI.

Studies published in recent years have changed the outlook on sterility and germ cell development by producing gametes from stem cells. In present study, a novel approach on differentiation of bone marrow-derived stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 positive (SSEA-1+ ) pluripotent stem cells into male germ cells has been addressed. SSEA-1+ stem cells were separated from murine bone marrow using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) system and propagated on a feeder layer cells. To evaluate the pluripotency characteristic of the purified cells, they were differentiated toward cells of three germ layers. Later the SSEA-1+ stem cells were induced to differentiate along male germ cell lineage with retinoic acid. Flowcytometric analysis of SSEA-1+ stem cells revealed purity of about 62% which increased to 91% after cultivation over feeder cells. Expression of specific transcripts of Oct4, SSEA-1, Nanog, Dppa3, fragilis, Rex-1, SOX-2, and alkaline-phosphatase and immunofluorescence evaluation of Oct4 and SSEA-1 expression showed the differentiation of purified stem cells toward the cells of three germ layers. Differentiation potential of purified cells was positively evidenced by expression markers specific for primordial germ cells, spermatogonial stem cells and spermatogonia including Mvh, fragilis, Dppa3, Stra8, DAZL, Piwil2, β1, and α6-integrins as well as meiotic-specific marker SYCP3. Our results showed that SSEA-1+ pluripotent stem cells are able to differentiate into male germ cells. The results of the present study are encouraging enough to merit further investigation, provide a new hope for those suffering from infertility and introduce a novel platform for research on germ cell development.

Stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA3) is a glycosphingolipid that has previously been used to identify cells with stem cell-like, multipotent, and pluripotent characteristics. A rare subpopulation of SSEA3-expressing cells exists in the dermis of adult human skin. These SSEA3-expressing cells undergo a significant increase in cell number in response to injury, suggesting a possible role in regeneration. These SSEA3-expressing regeneration-associated (SERA) cells were derived through primary cell culture, purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and characterized. Longer in vitro culture of the primary skin cells led to lower SSEA3 expression stability after FACS-based purification, suggesting that the current culture conditions may need to be optimized to permit the large-scale expansion of SERA cells. The SERA cells demonstrated a global transcriptional state that was most similar to bone marrow- and fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and the highest expressing SSEA3-expressing cells co-expressed CD105 (clone 35). However, while a rare population of MSCs was observed in primary human skin cell cultures that could differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, or chondrocytes, SERA cells did not possess this differentiation capacity, suggesting that there are at least two different rare subpopulations in adult human skin primary cultures. The identification, efficient purification, and large-scale expansion of these rare subpopulations (SERA cells and MSCs) from heterogeneous adult human skin primary cell cultures may have applications for future patient-specific cellular therapies.

Using the internal chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (Inter-CRET) of luminescent dye and the high-energy intermediate formed in 1,1‘-oxalyldiimidazole chemiluminescence (ODI-CL) reaction, we developed for the first time dual-enzyme immunoassays operated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for the simultaneous quantifications of carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (CA19-9) and carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) in a sample. Fluorescein formed from the ALP enzyme immunoassay emits green light in ODI-CL reaction, while resorufin formed from the HRP enzyme immunoassay emits red light. Green and red CL lights emitted in a detection cell were measured individually with two photomultiplier tubes with an optical filter capable of sensing green or red emission without interferences. The limits of detection for CA 19–9 (0.09 U/ml) and CEA (0.11 ng/ml) determined using the accurate and reproducible dual-enzyme immunoassays were as low as those calculated using the conventional single-enzyme immunoassays capable of sensing CA 19–9 or CEA in a sample. In conclusion, we confirmed that the highly selective dual enzyme immunoassays can be applied as a new analytical method capable of early diagnosing and monitoring colon and pancreatic cancers with the simultaneous analyses of CA 19–9 and CEA.

For clinical diagnosis of colon tumors, breast tumors, lung cancer, ovarian carcinoma and cystadeno carcinoma, Carcinomaembryonic antigen (CEA) is a very important tumor marker. In the present study, an electrochemical immunosensor for determination of CEA biomarker was suggested. The core-shell nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning at the surface of the electrode directly and then the electrospun nanofibers were decorated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Finally, CEA antibody was immobilized on the electrode surface. The steps of the process were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in [Fe (CN)6]3−/4− solution as a probe. The results are demonstrated that Honey nanofibers (HNF) decorated with GNPs and MWCNTs are very permeable to probe. It is a novel approach for the preparation of label-free electrochemical immunosensor. Under optimal conditions, the unique immunosensor modified with HNF exhibited high sensitivity toward CEA biomarker in the low concentration range 0.4–125 ng mL−1, with the detection limit of 0.09 ng mL−1 (S/N = 3). The results indicated that the small changes in CEA concentration can be sensed with the suggested immunosensor. Also, the immunosensor has potential in the clinical screening of cancer biomarkers.

In this report, a label-free electrochemical aptasensor for carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) was successfully developed based on a ternary nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles, hemin and graphene nanosheets (AuNPs-HGNs). This nanocomposite was prepared by decorating gold nanoparticles on the surface of hemin functionalized graphene nanosheets via a simple wet-chemical strategy. The aptamer can be assembled on the surface of AuNPs-HGNs/GCE (glassy carbon electrode) through Au-S covalent bond to form the sensing interface. Hemin absorbed on the graphene nanosheets not only acts as a protective agent of graphene sheets, but also as an in situ probe base on its excellent redox properties. Gold nanoparticles provide with both numerous binding sites for loading CEA binding aptamer (CBA) and good conductivity to promote the electron transfer. The current changes, which are caused by CEA specifically binding on the modified electrode, are exploited for the label-free detection of CEA in a very rapid and convenient protocol. Therefore, the method has advantages of high sensitivity, wide linear range (0.0001–10 ng mL−1), low detection limit (40 fg mL−1) and attractive specificity. The results illustrate that the proposed label-free electrochemical aptasensor has a potential application in the biological or clinical target analysis for its simple operation and low cost.

A new method is proposed for determination of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) based on quantum dot (QD)-modified aptamer probe by capillary electrophoresis-chemiluminescence (CE-CL) detection system. An oligonucleotide sequence A contains two parts, one is CEA aptamer and the other is bridging segment. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates with sequence A (HRP-DNAA) and then mixes with QD labeling complementary bridging segment (QD-DNAB), forming HRP-DNAA-B-QD probe. When CEA exists, the specific combination of the aptamer in sequence A and CEA can form CEA/HRP-DNAA-B-QD complex. After separation of CEA/HRP-DNAA-B-QD complex and HRP-DNAA-B-QD probe by capillary electrophoresis (CE), the chemiluminescence (CL) catalyzed by CEA/HRP-DNAA-B-QD complex can be detected without any interference, and the content of CEA can be estimated by the CL intensity. It has been proved that the separation efficiency of HRP-DNAA-B-QD and CEA/HRP-DNAA-B-QD complex is improved greatly after QD modification, then the interference issue resulted from free HRP-DNAA-B-QD probe is solved well; and the specific combination of HRP-DNAA-B-QD and CEA leads to a closer distance of HRP and QD, then chemiluminescent resonance energy transfer (CRET) occurs, which confirms the validity of the strategy. Results show that the CL intensity has a linear relationship with the concentration of CEA in the range from 0.0654 to 6.54 ng/mL, and the limit of detection is approximately 8 pg/mL (S/N = 3). This proposed method with high specificity has been applied for the accurate analysis of content of CEA in patient's serum.

Bevacizumab-containing treatment is one of the approved first-line options for the management of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) is a reasonable tumour marker for monitoring the efficacy of treatment. We report here a case of a 58-year-old male patient with metastatic CRC. He received first-line chemotherapy consisting of the mFOLFOX6 regimen plus bevacizumab. Initially he had an increase in CEA after which the level reduced, suggesting the occurrence of a CEA flare. The patient experienced a good response to therapy. In recent literature, CEA flare was identified as a good predictor of response to first-line chemotherapy.

A versatile total synthesis of sialylgalactosylgloboside (SGG, 1), carrying the stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA-4) is reported, illustrating a more general strategy for the synthesis of complex globo-series glycosphingolipids. Starting from readily available building blocks 7, 8, and 10, two different approaches to the synthesis of the key tetrasaccharide 6 have been developed in a highly convergent manner. Further glycosylations with galactosyl trichloroacetimidate (5) and sialyl phosphite (2) donors successively afforded the penta- and hexasaccharides 3 and 11. The latter was finally converted into the target molecule (SGG, 1) with the help of a azidosphingosine glycosylation procedure, favored in this case by the stereocontrolling properties of the 2a-O-pivaloyl protecting group. Valuable intermediates 6 and 3, having the oligosaccharidic skeletons of Gb4 and Gb5 (SSEA-3), respectively, were obtained in the course of the synthesis.

治癒切除術後2年以上経過観察しえた大腸癌147例のうち再発例 (41例, 27.9%) を対象とし, 初回治療時の臨床病理学的特徴と再発の早期診断法を検討した, 再発41例の内訳は結腸癌18例 (43.9%), 直腸癌23例 (56.1%) で, 再発様式は血行再発が28例 (68.3%) と最も多く (1例は局所再発を合併), 大腸癌取扱い規約による壁深達度s (a2) 以上, n (+), ly (+), stage III・IV症例に多かった.局所再発は14例 (34-2%) であり (1例は血行再発を合併), 中分化腺癌, n (+), ly (+), stage III・IV症例に多かった.血行再発と局所再発はそれぞれ89.3%, 85.7%の症例が2年以内に再発し, carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) slope analysisでは局所再発より血行再発でslope値が高かった.CEA値上昇は画像診断より平均3.28か月前にみられ, 再発の診断にはCEA値の追跡が最も有用であった.直腸癌では腫瘤触知などの臨床所見も有用であった.再発41例の術後3年生存率は20.3%で再発様式による予後の差はなかった.

A new strategy is proposed for determination of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) based on aptamer/graphene oxide (Apt/GO) by capillary electrophoresis-chemiluminescence (CE-CL) detection system. CEA aptamer conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) firstly mixes with GO, and the CL will be quenched because the stack of HRP-Apt on GO leads to chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET). When CEA exists, the specific combination of HRP-Apt and CEA can form HRP-Apt-CEA complex, which dissociates from GO. Then, the CL catalyzed by HRP-Apt-CEA complex can be detected without any CRET, and the content of CEA can be estimated by the CL intensity. It has been proved that the interference issue resulted from free HRP-Apt is solved well by mixing GO firstly with HRP-Apt, which blocks the free HRP-Apt's CL signal due to CL quenching effect of GO; and the interference resulted from GO to CL is also solved by CE, then the sensitivity and accuracy can be greatly improved. Results also showed that the CL intensity had a linear relationship with the concentration of CEA in the range from 0.0654 to 6.54 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was approximately 4.8 pg/mL (S/N = 3). This proposed method with high specificity offers a new way for separation and determination of biomolecule, and has good potential in application of biochemistry and bioanalysis.

In this work, an effective immunosensor based on polythionine (PTh) as the signal source was fabricated for the facile and sensitive detection of carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) in human serum. With the help of Nafion, anti-CEA antibodies were immobilized on the surface of the PTh modified electrode. The morphology and electrochemical behaviors of the fabrication process of the immunosensor were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The rangeability of the anodic peak current before and after the CEA immobilization was directly related to the concentration of CEA. A linear equation of the CEA concentrations ranging from 1 × 10−12 to 1 × 10−6 g mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.1 pg mL−1 was obtained. The proposed method had high sensitivity, good selectivity and acceptable reproducibility for the detection of CEA. The analytical results of the serum specimen show that the use of the proposed immunosensor is a promising alternative approach for the detection of biomarkers in clinical diagnosis.

In this work, bimetallic core-shell rhodium@palladium nanodendrites (Rh@Pd NDs) loaded on sulfo group functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-SO3H) were combined to form Rh@Pd NDs/MWCNTs-SO3H nanocomposites. And the composites were used to construct a simple and label-free electrochemical immunosensor for carcino embryonic antigen (CEA) detection using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Rh@Pd NDs with dendritic nanostructure not only provide abundant catalytically active sites, but also increase the loading of antibody, which could improve the analytical performance and result in high sensitivity. In addition, the MWCNTs-SO3H could further enhance electrochemical properties due to the excellent conductivity, good solubility and high surface area. Taking advantages of both Rh@Pd NDs and MWCNTs-SO3H, the proposed immunosensor showed a broad linear range from 25 fg mL−1 to 100 ng mL−1 for CEA detection and a low detection limit of 8.3 fg mL−1 (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) under optimal experimental conditions. Moreover, the expected immunosensor exhibited good reproducibility and high sensitivity, which could achieve excellent analysis of CEA in human serum with satisfactory results. Therefore, the Rh@Pd NDs/MWCNTs-SO3H nanocomposites may be considered as a sensing platform for fabrication of simple, ultrasensitive and label-free electrochemical immunosensor.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a useful marker of metastasis in gastric cancer (GC) patients in combination with tumor markers carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125). There were 215 GC patients (67 without metastasis, 102 with lymph node metastasis, and 46 with peritoneal metastasis) who presented to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between May 2009 and November 2012 that were enrolled in this study. The LOX expression level and the serum concentration of the four tumor markers were evaluated preoperatively. All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) before surgery. Statistical analysis, including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, area under the curve (AUC) analysis, and logistic regression analysis, was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of these markers in predicting metastasis in GC. For predicting lymph node metastasis in GC, the sensitivity of LOX, CEA, CA724, CA199, and CA125 was 44.12, 12.75, 21.57, 23.53, and 15.69 %, respectively, and increased to 79.41 % in combination. For predicting peritoneal metastasis in GC, the sensitivity of these markers was 56.52, 23.91, 34.78, 36.96, and 34.78 %, respectively, and increased to 91.30 % in combination. Combining LOX with CEA, CA724, CA199, and CA125 could increase the sensitivity of predicting lymph nodes metastasis and peritoneal metastasis in GC. Surgeons can use these markers to determine the best treatment options for patients. Additional large-scale, prospective, multicenter studies are urgently needed to further confirm the results of this study.

A novel bifunctional electrochemical aptasensor based on bimetallic NiCo Prussian blue analogue (NiCoPBA) nanocubes has been constructed for detecting carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and corresponding living cancer cells. The NiCoPBA exhibits a regular cubic shape of 100 nm size, with fluorescence and excellent biocompatibility. In view of the intrinsic cavities, metallic coordination centers, rich C N groups, and π-π* interactions of NiCoPBA, the CEA-targeted aptamer strands can be strongly anchored on the surface of nanocubes. Given that the CEA cancer marker is overexpressed on the H460 cell surface of carcinomas, the developed NiCoPBA-based aptasensor not only can be employed to determine CEA in human serum via the formation of stable G-quadruplex between aptamer strands and CEA, but also can be utilized to directly detect cancer cells due to the strong binding force between CEA aptamer and cancer cell. The fabricated sensor shows superior sensing performance toward CEA compared with other reported CEA aptasensors, providing an extremely low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.74 fg mL−1 (1.62 fM) (S/N = 3) in a wide linear range of 1.0 fg mL−1 to 5.0 ng mL−1, as well as an LOD of 47 cells mL–1 for H460 cells. Thereby, the proposed aptasensor may be further used as a promising platform for detecting other cancer markers when anchoring different kinds of aptamers, with potential bifunctional applications in early diagnosis of tumor markers and cancer cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent and aggressive neoplasms. It is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the United States and is a significant overall health problem. Tumor markers are substances synthesized and excreted by tumor tissues that can be detected in abnormal concentrations in serum, urine, and other body fluids. Two such markers, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), are useful in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of colorectal carcinoma. This study attempted to evaluate the clinical and prognostic value of the two markers using forty patients with CRC and ten healthy persons as a control group. All patients with CRC showed highly significant increases in CEA and CA-19-9 compared to the control group (p

The synthesis of the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens SSEA-3 and Gb3 in a semi-convergent fashion using building blocks bearing a S-thiazolinyl (STaz) moiety is reported. Complete stereoselective control of a difficult alpha-(1--4)-galactosylation and high overall yields were achieved.

Detection of biomarkers in a biologically complex mixture remains a major challenge. Herein, an ultrasensitive colorimetric sandwich sensor for carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) detection is introduced. The DNAzyme was tethered to biotinylated monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) which serve as the sensing element to recognize the target protein and was then introduced on to the CEA-McAbs assembled micro plate. The CEA was captured in a sandwich assay by the McAbs. The peroxidase-like DNAzyme catalyzed the oxidation of 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), which generated a blue-green colorimetric signal. This method detected CEA in a serum-containing medium at a concentration as low as 10 nM. This strategy is a promising tool for bioanalytical and clinical applications.

Redox cycling based on an interdigitated electrode (IDE) was used as a highly sensitive immunoassay for carcinogenic embryonic antigen (CEA) through the quantification of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). For the redox cycling process, one pair of interdigitated finger electrodes was used as the first working electrode (generator) for cyclic voltammetry of TMB, and another pair of interdigitated finger electrodes was used as the second working electrode (collector) for sequential application of potentials for reduction and oxidation of TMB. The reduction (and oxidation) products of TMB at the collector were supplied to the generator, and following sequential oxidization (and reduction) at the generator, again supplied to the collector. Such redox recycling processes between the generator and collector allowed signal amplification. In this work, the influences of the following factors on the redox cycling of TMB were analyzed: (1) the redox potential at the collector, (2) the gap between the interdigitated finger electrodes, and (3) the scan rate of the generator. The redox potential and electrode gap influences were simulated with COMSOL software and compared with empirical results. At the optimum redox potentials and electrode gap, redox cycling was estimated to be five-fold more sensitive for the quantification of TMB than conventional cyclic voltammetry using one pair of interdigitated finger electrodes as the working electrode. Finally, redox cycling was applied to a commercial immunoassay for CEA, and the sensitivity of redox cycling was three-fold higher than that of conventional cyclic voltammetry using a single set of interdigitated finger electrodes as the working electrode.

e18551 Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) includes conventional and combined SCLC. Combined SCLCs are about 28% of SCLCs who were received surgical resection, but it is reported only about 1...