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Ship refit and repair operations in shipyards generate aerosol emissions with high potential for environmental impacts. Metal-bearing nano-, fine and coarse particles are incidentally formed and can be released to indoor and ambient air and the aquatic environment. This work aimed to further the understanding of these impacts by characterising particle size-resolved chemical composition (15 nm - 10 μm), organophosphate esters (OPEs) content (e.g., plasticisers) and cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. Results showed that nanoparticle emissions (20-110 nm) took place in bursts, coinciding with the use of mechanical abraders and spray-painting guns. Tracers of these activities were Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Rb, Nb, and Cs. Key components were V and Cu, probably sourcing from nanoadditives in the coatings. Abrasion of coatings also emitted OPEs, especially from old paints. Toxicity assessments consistently evidenced hazardous potential for the different endpoints assessed, for a number of samples. Exposures to spray-painting aerosols were linked with reduced cell viability (cytotoxicity), significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increases in micronuclei frequency (genotoxicity). Even though spray-painting did not contribute significantly to aerosol mass or number concentrations, it was a major driver of potential health effects. Results suggest that aerosol chemical composition (e.g., content in nano-sized Cu or V) may have a larger impact on toxicity than aerosol concentration. While direct human exposures may be prevented using personal and collective protective equipment and environmental release can be minimised by enclosures and filtration systems, impacts on ambient air and the aquatic environment cannot be fully prevented. The continued use of good practices (exhaust, dilution, general ventilation systems, PPE, already in place) is encouraged to reduce inhalation exposures inside the tents. Understanding the size-resolved chemical and toxicological properties of aerosols is key to reducing human health and environmental impacts of ship refit operations in shipyards., The authors gratefully acknowledge the extensive support received from Hemisphere Coating Services SL, part of Global Yachting Group. This work was carried out in the framework of project IDEALPORT (RTI2018-098095-B-C21). It was also supported by the Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial (IVACE) (InOutnano project ref. IMAMCA72022/1), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project CEX2018-000794-S) and by AGAUR (project 2017 SGR41).

1. Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess uptake and metabolism of the epilepsy drug, carbamazepine and its consequent biological responses in marine clam (Ruditapes decussatus) a model non-target organism in ecotoxicology. 2. Clams were exposed to two nominal concentrations (C1 = 30 μg/L and C2 = 50 μg/L) of CBZ for a maximum period of 14 days. Analysis of CBZ and their metabolites in clam and water after exposure to two nominal concentrations of the pharmaceutical drug were performed using UPLC-HRMS analysis. CBZ accumulation reached an average tissue concentration of 1241.59 ng/g dw and 1664.33 ng/g dw at low and high nominal concentration, respectively. 3. Furthermore, a metabolite (3-hydroxy-CBZ) was detected in tissues indicating carbamazepine translocation and metabolism inside clam, suspect screening of CBZ glucuronides was also performed by accurate mass extraction but it could not be detected. 4. Activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and gluthatione-S-transferase generally increased. Change in the contents of glutathione, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl were also studied. 5. Results indicated that the bioaccumulation of CBZ resulted in the changes of the antioxidant defense system and the production of ROS with the oxidative stress, ultimately induced alteration in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl.

Pyrethroids are organic pollutants with high hydrophobicity used as insecticides. Concern exists about aquatic organisms¿ exposure to their toxicity. They were believed to be converted to non-toxic metabolites in mammals, but our group has detected them in human breast milk and has proved their bioaccumulation in marine mammals and river fish. The present study investigates the occurrence of pyrethroid compounds in liver samples from striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba)and common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from southern Spain, as the first attempt to determine the occurrence and bioaccumulation and distribution of pyrethroids in marine mammal tissues from the Mediterranean Sea. Samples of dolphin tissue were collected from the Abloran Sea (south of Spain) between 2003 and 2010, including 37 liver samples from striped dolphin and different tissues¿blubber, muscle, liver, brain and kidneys¿from 11 common dolphins. The analytical method monitored 10 pyrethroids, including cypermethrin and detamethrin. For the sample preparation?lyophilized sample was spiked with internal standards, extracted by sonication and underwent a clean-up with alumina and C18 SPE cartridges. Extracts were analysed by GC-NCI-MS/MS. Method recoveries for the pyrethroids ranged 53-116?% and method LODs and LOQs were 0.02-0.46?ng/g and 0.08-1.54?ng/g, respectively. Pyrethroids were detected in 87?% of the striped dolphins and 100?% of the common dolphins, with total concentrations of nd-5,210?ng/g?lw and 69-2,036?ng/g?lw, respectively. These levels were higher than those reported found in dolphins from Brazil (7.0-68?ng/g?lw). Permethrin and tetramethrin were the main contributors to the pyrethroid profiles for all tissues. The samples of striped dolphins where used to observe that bioaccumulation of pyrethroids was unlike that of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), as pyrethroid levels were not correlated to the age of the specimens. Levels slightly increase from calves to juveniles, whereas juveniles present similar levels to adults. Metabolization of pyrethroids after achieving sexual maturity might account for this pattern. Because of the pyrethroids lipophilic behaviour, blubber was the most contaminated tissue and brain showed the lowest levels. Normalizing the data to the lipid content, the highest value was for muscle by far, suggesting a preference for that tissue. SETAC

Trabajo presentado en el XVI Seminario Ibérico de Química Marina, celebrado en Cádiz del 24 al 26 de enero de 2012., Los estuarios son zonas de transición entre los ecosistemas dulceacuícolas y marinos, y representan zonas de gran im- portancia ecológica, constituyendo el hábitat de las fases iniciales de muchas especies. Por otro lado, suelen encontrarse afectados por el impacto de la actividad antrópica, que pueden provocar efectos adversos sobre la fauna, especialmente en sus estados iniciales de desarrollo. Dentro de los diversos compartimentos ambientales que se emplean para moni- torizar la contaminación, los sedimentos presentan algunas ventajas por su carácter integrador y por estar sometido a menos fluctuaciones, lo que permite un mejor registro temporal de los niveles de contaminantes en los ecosistemas. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados correspondientes a la distribución y variación estacional de metales y su (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb y Hg), el metaloide As, pesticidas organoclorados, PCBs y compuestos polibromados en sedimentos del estuario del Río Guadalquivir durante las campañas de muestreo efectuadas en el año 2008, en siete estaciones a lo largo del gradiente salino. Las concentraciones de metales fueron bastante similares en las diferentes estaciones, si bien se aprecia que los valores más elevados de Zn se encontraron próximos a la desembocadura, mientras que las concentraciones mayores de Cd correspondían a la zona con agua de menor salinidad. Con respecto a los pesticidas organoclorados, sólo fueron detectados los compuestos: -HCH, -HCH, 2,4-DDE, 2,4-DDT y 4,4-DDT. En el caso de los PCBs, se detectó la presencia del PCB-180 y en los retardantes de llama bromados, el BDE-209. Este último compuesto registró los valores más elevados (165 ng g1 peso seco) en la zona de mayor influencia de agua dulce, y coincidente con concentraciones elevadas de Cd, lo cual podría indicar una fuente de contaminación común. Una comparación con los niveles encontrados en otros ecosistemas y su posible riesgo ambiental también se ha llevado a cabo.

8 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables.-- PMID: 15468104 [PubMed]., Gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole ion storage mass spectrometry (QISTMS) operating in the non-resonant mode is presented as an innovative approach for the analysis of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Although reductions in complexity and time needed for optimization are achieved in comparison with the resonant option, precise adjustment of the mass spectrometric conditions is required. Differences in isolation and fragmentation patterns of target species with degree of bromination were observed. The reliability of the method was confirmed by using standard solutions through the evaluation of certain quality parameters such as accuracy (92-108%), injection repeatability and reproducibility (coefficient of variation below 10% and 15%, respectively). Detection limits ranged from 62 to 621 fg, providing sensitivity similar to that of negative chemical ionisation (NCIMS) and greater than that of electron ionization mass spectrometry. The applicability of QISTMS method to real samples and matrix effects were evaluated through the analysis of some PBDE congeners in a sewage sludge sample from a Spanish waste-water treatment plant. Comparable results were obtained using QISTMS and NCIMS. According to these observations, QISTMS performed in the non-resonant mode may constitute a low-cost, rapid and reliable alternative to high-resolution devices for the analysis of selected PBDEs in environmental samples.

Brominated flame retardants (BFR) are pollutants that represent a threat to both human health and environment due to their industrial use, their persistence and their ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in food chains, especially in the aquatic one. For the last ten years contamination levels for this type of compounds have been reported for European, North American and Asian human tissue, sediments and biota samples [1-3]. However, monitoring efforts into the assessment of BFRs contamination levels in Latin America are scarce. In this study, a model for the evaluation of the environmental risk of BFRs in the aquatic ecosystems has been developed. It has been based on a technical application of the Fuzzy Theory [4]. In particular, three interconnected Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) have been created through the use of the Fuzzy Toolbox in Matlab. In order to improve and make the model scientifically robust, several international experts have been questioned about different information required to build the fuzzy system. Information from 38 questionnaires have been collected and statistically treated.

The occurrence of classical and emerging halogenated flame retardants in bird samples collected between 2010–17 from the Castrejón reservoir (central Spain)was studied. Different wetland bird samples were analysed, including unhatched bird eggs and liver of dead nestlings. Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs)were detected in all the samples at high concentration values, with levels up to 5167 ng/g lw. Dechloranes were found in 78% of analysed samples, but at lower concentration levels, between not detected (nd)and 2153 ng/g lw. The time trend evaluation over the sampling period showed an approximately 50% decline in mean concentrations of PBDEs. However, the most recent data for PBDEs (2016–17)still indicate that, in some cases, and based on reported LOECs, wetland birds were exposed to PBDE concentrations that are associated with possible ecological hazards. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd, This work has been funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group Water and Soil Quality Unit 2017 SGR 1404), and by the projects CGL2009-12753-C02-01/BOS , CGL2010-15726 and CGL2015-69445-P of the Spanish Ministerio of Economía y Competitividad . Biotage is acknowledged for providing SPE cartridges. We appreciate the help of Albert Estepa, Meritxell Mallén and Alba Martínez in the analytical work, and José C. Oliveros, Roberto Oliveros, Pilar Villalobos and Francisco Morales in the fieldwork. Appendix A

Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) voluntarily ingest floating plastic debris and hence are chronically exposed to plastic additives, but very little is known about the levels of these compounds in their tissues. This work studied the presence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) on sea turtles collected from two different areas in the western Mediterranean, some of their prey and some floating plastic debris. OPEs were detected in all the samples analysed and ∑OPEs ranged from 12.5 to 384 ng/g wet weight (ww) in the turtles from the Catalan coasts, with a mean value of 21.6 ng/g ww, and from 6.08 to 100 ng/g ww in the turtles the Balearic Islands, with a mean value of 37.9 ng/g ww. Differences in ∑OPEs were statistically significant, but turtles from the two regions did not differ in their OPE profiles. As per turtle’s prey, ∑OPEs ranged from 4.55 to 90.5 ng/g ww. Finally, marine plastic litter showed ∑OPEs concentrations between 10.9 and 868 ng/g. Although most compounds were present in both potential sources of contamination, prey and plastic debris, the OPE profiles in loggerhead turtles and these sources were different. Some OPEs, such as tris(2-isopropylphenyl) phosphate (T2IPPP), tripropyl phosphate (TPP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), were detected in plastic debris and turtle muscle but not in their prey, thus suggesting that ingestion of plastic debris was their main source. Contrarily, the levels of triethyl phosphate (TEP), diphenyl cresyl phosphate (DCP), 2-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (2IPPDPP) and 4-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (4IPPDPP) in turtle muscle were much higher than in jellyfish, their main prey, thus indicating a biomagnification potential. Regular ingestion of plastic debris and contamination from their prey may explain why ∑OPEs in loggerhead turtles is much higher than the values reported previously for teleost fishes and marine mammals from the western Mediterranean., This work was supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group Water and Soil Quality Unit 2017 SGR 1404). IDAEA-CSIC is a Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Project CEX2018-000794-S).

For the first time, organophosphate ester (OPE) content was studied in different types of surgical, self-filtering (KN95, FFP2, and FFP3) and reusable face masks used for COVID-19 prevention. OPEs were detected in all mask samples, although in highly variable amounts which ranged from 0.02 to a maximum of 27.7 µg/mask, with the highest mean concentrations obtained for KN95 masks (11.6 µg/mask) and the lowest for surgical masks (0.24 µg/mask). Twelve out of 16 tested analytes were detected, with TEP, TPHP, TNBP, TEHP and TClPP being the most common OPEs as well as present at the highest concentrations. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of OPE inhalation were calculated as being always several orders of magnitude lower than threshold levels, indicating that the use of face masks is safe with regard to OPE contamination. However, given the wide range of OPEs observed in different masks, it can be concluded that some masks (e.g. reusable) are less OPE-contaminated than others (e.g. KN95). With regard to environmental pollution, the disposal of billions of face masks is adding to the already substantial levels of microplastics and associated toxic additives worldwide, an impact that is lessened by use of reusable masks, which also have the lowest economic cost per user. However, in situations of relatively high risk of viral inhalation, such as poorly ventilated indoor public spaces, we recommend the use of FFP2 masks., This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project EXPOPLAS, PID2019-110576RB-I00) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group Water and Soil Quality Unit 2017 SGR 1404 and Atmospheric Geochemistry SGR41). IDAEA-CSIC is a Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Project CEX2018-000794-S).

Pollution of the marine environment by litter composed of plastics is a growing concern. Chemical additives such as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), which are added to plastics to improve their qualities, are in focus because they allegedly cause adverse effects on marine fauna. Here we analyse OPFR levels in the muscle of fin whales because, as a mysticete, this cetacean obtains its food by filter-feeding and is thus highly vulnerable to marine litter. Moreover, the fin whale performs long-range migrations from low-latitude areas in winter to high-latitude areas in summer, a trait that makes it a potentially good large-scale biomonitor of pollution. We also analyse OPFR levels in its main prey, the krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica, to assess transfer through diet. The samples analysed consisted of muscle tissue from 20 fin whales and whole-body homogenates of 10 krill samples, all collected off West Iceland. From the 19 OPFRs analysed, we detected 7 in the fin whale and 5 in the krill samples. Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), Isopropylated triphenyl phosphate (IPPP) and Triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) were the most abundant compounds found in both species. Mean ∑OPFR concentration, expressed on a lipid weight basis, was 985 (SD = 2239) ng g−1 in fin whale muscle, and 949 (SD = 1090) ng g−1 in krill homogenates. These results constitute the first evidence of the presence of OPFRs in the tissues of fin whales. Furthermore, they seem to support the non-significance of bioaccumulation of OPFRs through lifespan and of biomagnification trough the food web., This study was supported by the project CGL2015-70468-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE), and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group Water and Soil Quality Unit 2017 SGR 1404). OGG's work was funded through an Ph.D. FPU scholarship granted by the Spanish Government. Constructive feedback from two anonymous reviewers contributed to improve the manuscript.

Delta ecosystems are areas of high ecologic and economic values, where wildlife commonly shares the territory with intensive agricultural activities, particularly, rice cultivation and seafood production. This work aimed at evaluating the occurrence of a wide spectrum of pesticides and transformation products in the water of irrigation and drainage channels of the Ebro River Delta (NE Spain) during the main rice-growing season, when pesticide application is at its peak. Furthermore, the impact that these contaminants may have on local ecosystems and seafood production activities was assessed. A total of 35 pesticides, mainly associated with rice cultivation, out of the 66 analyzed were detected. Bentazone, propanil, MCPA, acetamiprid, and triallate were found at the μg/L level. Cybutryne was measured for the first time in the area and at concentrations above its environmental quality standard (11-49 ng/L), despite being banned in the European Union. Sixteen additional banned pesticides were also detected at trace levels, likely due to their desorption from soil and sediment particles. Bentazone, cybutryne, dicofol, imidacloprid, MCPA, and propanil posed a moderate to high risk for aquatic organisms at the normal concentration levels measured during the rice-growing season. The co-occurrence of pesticides may pose a high risk for aquatic organisms in all sampling locations. Despite its dilution when discharged into the bay, this study demonstrates that the agricultural use of pesticides may have important effects on water quality and may pose a serious hazard for aquatic non-target organisms, despite other factors such as temperature and salinity may play also a relevant role in pesticide toxicity. The finding of imidacloprid and acetamiprid, including in the Watch List, at concentrations above their maximum acceptable method detection limit, calls for control of their use and revision of their legal status., This work has received funding from the Government of Catalonia (2017 SGR 01404), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project CEX2018-000794), the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the project BECAS (grant number CTM2016-75587-C2-2-R). IRTA members acknowledge the support from CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.

This study aimed to evaluate the presence of ultraviolet filters (UV-Fs), benzotriazoles, pyrethroids and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in freshwater and wastewater from the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. All water samples analyzed contained UV-Fs residues and high concentrations were detected in anthropogenic impacted sites (< LOD up to 1300 ng/L). Likewise, benzotriazoles were detected in all water samples (< LOQ–920 ng/L). Regarding suspended particulate matter, almost all UV-Fs and all benzotriazoles were measured at concentrations ranging from < LOQ to 33 µg/g dry weight. Pyrethroids were also detected (< LOQ–250 ng/L) and their presence implies the existence of a gateway to the Antarctica Peninsula from other regions. The data confirmed the presence of PFASs (< LOD–7500 ng/L) in this area, in agreement with previous studies. In light of these results, extended monitoring in Antarctica should be carried out to perform a reliable environmental risk assessment leading to propose recommendations to minimize the anthropic impact., This research was supported by projects CTM2011-26372, CTM2013-57119, and CTM2014-57119-R of the Spanish National R+D Plan, and PICTO 2005N36155 of the Secretariat for Science and Technology and the Argentine Antarctic Institute. This study also received funding from the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group “2017 SGR 01404—Water and Soil Quality Unit”) and from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development, and demonstration under Grant Agreement No. 603437. This research is part of POLARCSIC activities. It reflects only the authors’ views. The Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The authors would like to thank the logistical support provided by the Spanish, Argentinean, and Chilean Antarctic programs for conducting the fieldwork. The reviewers and editor are also acknowledged for their contribution to improve the article.

Ten thousand years of protracted and increasing interaction between humans and their environment has influenced, beside the quality of ecosystems, also our quality of life, healthy life span, and health inequalities. In 2016 WHO reported that globally some 12.6 million deaths each year can be ascribed to unhealthy environments. Moreover, 24% of global deaths (and 28% of deaths among children under five) come from modifiable environmental factors (Prüss-Ustün et al., 2016). Human epidemiological studies and experiments in laboratory animals proved that exposure to some pollutants can increase susceptibility to diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive cancers. Exposures to toxic agents can also cause immunosuppression, which increases vulnerability to infections, such as COVID-19 (Birnbaum and Heindel, 2020). Environmental factors which represent specific threats for humans and ecosystems are directly associated to exposure to hazardous substances in air, water, soils, and food. Marine sediments and seawater represent an additional major source of contaminants to the environment through multiple pathways. Risks and consequences are also amplified by climate changes and linear and non-linear combinations are reflected in multi-hazard effects. Consequences of living and working in a poor-quality environment could be further magnified in groups of people with poorer health and socio-economic status. In this view, the strategic framework of Agenda 2030 launched by UN refers to the Sustainable Development Goals as critical sectors where all Countries are urged to promote actions to protect the planet (https://www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/en/). This comprehensive vision recognizes that building economic growth requires address a range of social needs including education, social protection and job opportunities, while tackling climate change and environmental defense. The highly integrated 17 Sustainable Development Goals represent a solid framework that ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being at all ages is essential to sustainable development. Major progress was made in improving the health of millions of people and relevant efforts were also oriented in increasing life expectancy and reducing some of the common negative impacts. At the same time, worldwide consumption and production depend on the use of the natural environment and resources in a way that continues to have destructive impacts on the planet. Economic and social progress over the last century has been accompanied by environmental degradation that is endangering the ecological systems on which the human future depends. Thus, the development of multidisciplinary approaches for understanding mechanisms and dynamics of interference between environment and health is a crucial commitment. The holistic “One Health” approach (e.g., Gibbs and Paul, 2014; CE29.6.2017-COM, 2017 COM 339 Final, 2017) combining efforts of WHO, Food and Agriculture Organization, and World Organization for Animal Health, promotes multi-sectorial responses to food safety hazards, risks from zoonoses, and other public health threats. Thus, the human-animal-ecosystem-human interfaces represent primary fields of investigation for valuable improvements of the well-being of human population, ecosystem and environment. This Research Topic comprises 14 studies including original research articles, method developments, reviews, and perspectives covering several aspects of the complex interaction between environment and health, with critical reviews on key environmental sectors as outdoor and indoor air quality, food, and marine environments. Also, specific proposals of modern approaches to monitor environment and health outcomes as well as restoration and recovery of polluted environments represent a crucial part of this topic. The collection contributes to create and implement effective conceptual links and “bridges” between distinct scientific communities, working in a multidisciplinary way. Most of the articles concern air and sea, as well as some insights dedicated to modern strategies to restore and recover polluted environment, also considering the impacts on human health and the economy., We thank all authors, reviewers, and editors that have contributed to this Research Topic.

Eight PBDE congeners, three emerging brominated flame retardants, five dechloranes and eight MeO-PBDEs were monitored in tissues (muscular, adipose, brain) and fur of southern elephant seal and Antarctic fur seal of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula. Total PBDEs and total dechloranes concentrations ranged between n.d.–6 ng/g lw. While PBDEs were not detected in brain tissue, Dec 602 was found in brain tissue of both seal species indicating that dechloranes —with potential neurological toxicity— could cross the blood-brain barrier. Emerging brominated flame retardants were not detected in any sample and only two MeO-PBDEs, which are of natural origin, were found. The presence of the detected compounds in biota from the Antarctic evidences their long-range transportation, being of special interest the detection of emerging compounds such as dechloranes. This is the first time that these contaminants have been detected in marine mammals from the Antarctic. BDE-47 concentrations were lower than previously reported for the same species, suggesting a successful effect of the existing regulation and bans on PBDEs. Capsule abstract: Halogenated flame retardants were in tissues of Antarctic seals proving long-range transport. Dechloranes showed similar behaviour to PBDEs, additionally they crossed the BBB. © 2018 Elsevier B.V., This work has been financially supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group 2017 SGR 01404 – Water and Soil Quality Unit). Biotage is acknowledged for providing SPE cartridges. The samples were collected with support of the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR). The authors would like to thank the logistic support by Brazilian Navy and Aeronautics Forces. Project CNPq number (ESC). MBA has sandwich doctorate fellowship by CNPq – PDEE.

The study aim was to determine a range of relevant persistent and emerging pollutants in oysters produced in an aquaculture facility located in an important production area, to assure their safety for human consumption. Pollutants, including 16 PAHs, 3 butyltins (BTs), 29 flame retardants (FRs, including organophosphate and halogenated FRs), 35 pesticides (including 9 pyrethroid insecticides) and 13 personal care products (PCPs, including musks and UV filters), were determined in oysters' tissues collected during one year in four seasonal sampling surveys. The seasonal environmental pollution on the production site was evaluated by water and sediment analysis. Furthermore, oysters' nutritional quality was also assessed and related with the consumption of healthy seafood, showing that oysters are a rich source of protein with low fat content and with a high quality index all year around. Results showed that most analysed pollutants were not detected either in oyster tissues or in environmental matrixes (water and sediments). The few pollutants detected in oyster tissues, including both regulated and non-legislated pollutants, such as a few PAHs (fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and indenopyrene), FRs (TPPO, TDCPP, DCP, BDE-47, BDE-209 and Dec 602) and PCPs (galaxolide, galaxolidone, homosalate and octocrylene), were present at low levels (in the ng/g dw range) and did not represent a significant health risk to humans. The observed seasonal variations related to human activities (e.g. tourism in summer) highlights the need for environmental protection and sustainable resource exploration for safe seafood production. © 2019 Elsevier B.V., This work was supported by the Structured R&D&I Project INNOVMAR – “Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources” (ref. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035) within the research line “INSEAFOOD - Innovation and valorization of seafood products: meeting local challenges and opportunities”, founded by the Northern Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020) through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This study was also supported by the SEA-on-a-CHIP project, funded from European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-OCEAN-2013) under grant agreement No. 614168. This work has been also financially supported by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group 2017 SGR 01404 – Water and Soil Quality Unit). Biotage is acknowledged for providing SPE cartridges. Authors acknowledge Carlos R. Gomes for helping on multivariated analysis.

Plastic litter pollution is increasing in the seas and oceans worldwide, raising concern on the potential effects of plasticizer additives on marine fauna. In this study, muscle samples of 30 bogues (Boops boops; Linneaus, 1758) from the North Western Mediterranean Sea were analysed to assess the concentrations of 19 organophosphate flame retardant (OPFR) compounds and to inspect any relationship with microplastic ingestion and relative levels of anthropization. Out of the 19 OPFRs analysed, 6 compounds were detected, being tri-n-butyl phosphate (TNBP), 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) and triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) the most abundant. As expected, OPFR concentrations were higher in samples collected off the most anthropized area of the city of Barcelona than in those from the Cap de Creus Marine Protected Area, while no significant correlation was detected between OPFR concentrations and microplastic ingestion. The results of this manuscript provide a first evidence of OPFR presence in the muscle of the bogue and identify the coastal area off Barcelona as a possible concentration area for contaminants, further supporting the use of the bogue as an indicator species of plastic pollution in the Mediterranean Sea., This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project CEX2018-000794-S) and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group Water and Soil Quality Unit 2017 SGR 1404). The authors are grateful to the Confradia de pescadors de Barcelona and the Confradia de pescadors de Roses, which provided the bogues samples. OGG’s work was funded through an FPU Ph.D. scholarship granted by the Spanish Government. Constructive feedback from two anonymous reviewers contributed to improve the manuscript.

The presence of pyrethroid compounds in hepatic tissue of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) is reported for the first time. Twelve pyrethroids were determined in 50 animals from eight locations of the Brazilian coast. The highest average concentration of total pyrethroids (∑PYR) was 1166 ng.g−1 lw, with values ranging from 148 to 5918 ng.g−1 lw, in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, while the Espírito Santo State had the highest median, 568 ng.g−1 lw. Permethrin was the predominant compound in most areas, contributing for 42% to 81% of the ∑PYR, whereas cypermethrin was the most abundant compound in Guanabara and Sepetiba bays (79% and 81%, respectively), both located in Rio de Janeiro State. Biological factors were not correlated with pyrethroids concentration. Tetramethrin and es/fenvalerate compounds were negatively correlated to the age, suggesting degradation/metabolization capacity in these animals that increases throughout life. Despite being metabolized and excreted, the wide use of these pollutants is reflected in relevant concentrations found in Guiana dolphins. This is the first study evaluating pyrethroids in a representative number of hepatic samples and covering >2600 km of coast. The overall lack of information on pyrethroids in cetaceans highlights the importance of understanding the profile and distribution of these pollutants in dolphins which exclusively inhabit the Southwestern Atlantic coast., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project CEX2018-000794-S) and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group Water and Soil Quality Unit 2017 SGR 1404). The authors thank the Rio de Janeiro State Government Research Agency (FAPERJ) for financing part of this study. A.F. Azevedo, J. Lailson-Brito and T.L Bisi thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for grants PQ-1B, 1C and 2, respectively; FAPERJ (CNE and JCNE, respectively) and UERJ (Prociência). We also thank the students from Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Lab (UERJ - Brazil), Environmental Chemistry Lab (CSIC - Spain) and Radioisotope Lab (UFRJ - Brazil). L.G.Vidal thanks the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES - Finance Code 001) for providing her PhD grant.

Fish samples of different species (i.e. rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), barbel (Barbus barbus) and European chub (Squalius cephalus)) were collected from the Sava River Basin for a preliminary investigation of the levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs and PFAS as a whole. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs, in terms of pg WHO-TEQ/g ww, were below the maximum limit established at the Commission Regulation (EU) No 1259/2011. On the contrary, when DL-PCBs were also included, levels increase up to 11.7 pg WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+DL-PCBs/g ww in a particular case, with two samples out of a total of ten exceeding the maximum set at this EU Regulation and the EQS established at the European Directive regarding priority substances in the field of water policy (0.0065 ng WHO-TEQPCDD/Fs+DL-PCBs/g ww). A similar trend was also observed for NDL-PCBs, whit the same two samples, from the lower stretch of the river basin, exceeding the maximum limit allowed at the EU Regulation (125 ng/g ww). For PBDEs, levels found in all the samples exceeded the EQS (0.0085 ng/g ww) up to more than a thousand times and 40% of the samples presented PFOS values above the EQS. Data from this study were compared to values reported at the literature for fish from other geographical areas. © 2018, The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Communities 7th Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. 603629-ENV-2013-6.2.1-GLOBAQUA and Grant Agreement No. 603437-ENV-2013-SOLUTIONS projects. This work was also funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups 2017 SGR 1404 - Water and Soil Quality Unit). M. Llorca wants to acknowledge her Juan de la Cierva – Incorporación research fellowship (JdC-2014-21736) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. J. Parera is also grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for a Juan de la Cierva – Formación research fellowship (FJCI-2015-26722). Appendix A