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In the transportation systems are different types of intersections. Among them, roundabouts are considered the safest solution. The application of roundabouts is conditioned by many factors. One of them borders on area development. Roundabouts, among others, are localized in important city places, thus serve as a landmark in the city or are localized on the boundaries of areas with different communication functions, thus constituting an organizational landscape feature. Sometimes, they diversify the space of a street or close the perspective of a monotonous street. Hence, beyond the basic functions, roundabouts with the appropriate central island arrangements can also play the function of organizing the architecture of the local area. The ways and possibilities of roundabout central island arrangements are presented in this article. An interesting central island arrangement shows that roundabouts play an esthetic and organizing landscaping role.

Despite the potential of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), there are still many open questions on how road capacity can be influenced and what methods can be used to assess its expected benefits in the progressive transition towards fully cooperative driving. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the benefits of CAV technologies by investigating mobility-related issues of automated vehicles operating with a cooperative adaptive cruise control system on roundabout efficiency using microscopic traffic simulation. The availability of the adjustment factors for CAVs provided by the 2022 Highway Capacity Manual allowed to adjust the entry capacity equations to reflect the presence of CAVs on roundabouts. Two mechanisms of entry maneuver based on the entry lane type were examined to compare the capacity target values with the simulated capacities. The microscopic traffic simulator Aimsun Next has been of great help in building the “what-if” traffic scenarios that we analysed to endorse hypothesis on the model parameters which affect the CAVs’ capabilities to increase roundabouts’ throughput. The results highlighted that the increasing penetration rates of CAVs have greater impacts on the operational performances of roundabouts, and provided a synthetic insight to assess the potential benefits of CAVs from an efficiency perspective.

As a rule, the road traffic volume distribution in particular hours on working days showscertain patterns on specific types of roads. Public holidays during the year cause disturbances and differences in the distribution of the daily traffic volume compared to working days. The road traffic volume distribution during the day is very important in the analysis of phenomena occurring in terms of road traffic. Knowledge of the values of traffic volumes during the day and their variability allows for the determination of a number of measures and parameters assessing traffic conditions prevailing on the elements of transport networks. Knowledge and understanding of changes in the distribution of traffic volume during a day are crucial for many aspects of transport engineering, such as road traffic control, road safety, and forecasting the traffic volume. Thisarticle evaluates the differences in the road traffic volume distributions during the day between public holidays and working days. The analysis was performed for selected intersections located in the city of Gliwice. The results of the statistical test show that on public holidays, there was less traffic volume compared to working days. The greatest decrease in the value of traffic volume occurred on 3rd May,25th, and 26th December. This decrease ranged from 27.24% to 35.67%. It can be noticed that for all analyzed intersections, the smallest differences in the values of traffic volumes between a public holiday and a working day occurred on 1st November. Additionally, the natureof the impact of public holidays on the road traffic volume on days before and afterpublic holidays was examined. The nonparametric hypothesis testing method was used to investigate changes in the road traffic volume patterns caused by public holidays. The results of Friedman's test show and confirm that there are differences in traffic volumes on the day before and after apublic holiday and an average day.

The main objective of the work was inventory intersections like roundabouts in all cities with poviat rights located in two voivodeships of Poland: Upper Silesian and Masovian, and then performing users surveys of registered roundabouts. Survey research had two main objectives. The first one was to learn how vehicle drivers, pedestrians and cyclists perceived roundabouts as safe or unsafe road solutions. The second one was to learn about the behaviour of three users groups: vehicle drivers, pedestrians and cyclists on this type of road infrastructure in terms of traffic safety.

Transport of oversize cargo is a specific form of transport service. Specialised equipment is required for its implementation, while the number of people involved in the transport process itself is much higher than in the case of classic road transport form. This paper presents the problems related to permits and penalties that are used in the carriage of oversize cargo and the problems of transport safety in relation to the techniques of fixing oversize loads in road transport.

Transportation, like other spheres of human activity, is constantly changing due to economic development. People are constantly improving the ways of moving using various energy sources, expanding infrastructures, and adapting cities to increasing traffic volumes. An efficient, modern, and demand-driven transportation infrastructure is the strength of a growing economy. The development of transportation improves the accessibility of regions and labor markets and reduces the nuisance caused by congestion. All these elements translate into economic benefits, competitiveness, increased productivity of enterprises and regions, as well as social benefits. However, transport consumes enormous energy resources; hence, all solutions in the scope of improving transportation infrastructure, vehicle construction, as well as modeling users’ and drivers’ behavior may constitute an element contributing to broadly saving energy. This Special Issue will consist of papers describing the state-of-the-art in methods and solutions in traffic and transportation engineering supporting energy saving in smart cities as well as outlining trends already under way and future developments in this sector. Topics of interest include but are not limited to the following: • Road traffic measurements, data analyzing; • Road traffic (micro-, meso-, macro) modelling, simulation models; • Road and intersection capacity; • Optimization, route choice; • Human factor in road traffic and transportation engineering; • Road safety; • Pedestrian and bicycle traffic and infrastructure; • Public transportation solutions, parking; • Contemporary problems of road traffic engineering and sustainable transportation; • Intelligent transportation systems (ITS), traffic control and management; • Smart grid services; • Electric mobility; • Environmental impacts of transportation systems; • Life cycle analysis (LCA) of alternative energy vectors for road vehicles; • Transportation systems and process modeling; • Sustainable transportation development; • Life cycle impact, fuel consumption, and emissions. In the next section, we provide a brief review of the papers published in this Special Issue. These papers are included in the previously outlined thematic areas

The issue related to parking lots has a multidimensional nature. For the purposes of the article, the analysis covered 113 parking lots located directly next to national roads in the Mazovian Voivodeship (Poland), which is similar in terms of economic development and conditions of the linear infrastructure to other countries in Central Europe. The conducted research included analyzing the correlation of parameters in individual parking lots and those related to nearby roads (traffic volume, technical quality) and the type of area in which they occurred (population density). In addition, the presented results describe the capacity of parking in the analyzed region in terms of the number of available parking slots for heavy goods vehicles, the size of the additional operating area, and the presence of security-related elements (fencing, lighting, physical protection, monitoring). The analysis demonstrated a correlation between some parameters (type of nearby road and security rs = 0.35, area size and number of slots rs = 0.35) and significant differences in results between private and public parking lots (average number of slots 18 versus 34, percent of most secured parkings 45% versus 69%). The obtained innovative results can be used by public institutions and entities providing parking services to reorganize the space at parking places and to conduct more effective analyses from the point of view of future investments in infrastructure accompanying the public road network.

An indispensable element in the development of urbanized areas of individual agglomerations is the change in the structure of transport systems in such a way as to meet their needs. Depending on the nature of the area, the use of infrastructure is strongly related to the mobility and transport preferences of its residents. In the case of the Upper Silesian Agglomeration, the agglomeration rail system is not developed in a way that corresponds to its potential. The article presents the concept of establishing a fast agglomeration railway as a complement to the existing transport systems in the Upper Silesian Agglomeration.

The assessment of psychotechnical parameters (that is, critical gaps and follow-up times) of vehicle drivers at roundabout Hitachi Taga, Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan was presented in this paper. The basis for this assessment were empirical data from measurements in the field, made in two different years. The first field measurement took place two years after the construction of the roundabout in 2014, and the second one in 2019. The results comparison of 2014 and 2019 was aimed at assessing possible changes in the psychotechnical parameters in time. This assessment was carried out as one of the element of the project titled “Analysis of the applicability of the author's method of roundabouts entry capacity calculation developed for the conditions prevailing in Poland to the conditions prevailing at roundabouts in Tokyo (Japan) and in the Tokyo surroundings”, financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange.

The transport of oversize cargo is distinguished by its specificity on the market of transport services. Specialised equipment is required for its implementation, and the number of people involved in the transport process itself is much higher than in the case of classic road transport. This paper presents the conditions related to the transport of oversize loads, characterised basic types of oversized cargo with the indication of the required documents related to the transport of this type of cargo. The method of preparation and organisation of oversize cargo transportation, as well as conditions of piloting vehicles with oversize cargoes, also are described.

Predicting household vehicle ownership (HVO) is a crucial component of travel demand forecasting. Furthermore, reliable HVO prediction is critical for achieving sustainable transportation development objectives in an era of rapid urbanization. This research predicted the HVO using a support vector machine (SVM) model optimized using the Bayesian Optimization (BO) algorithm. BO is used to determine the optimal SVM parameter values. This hybrid model was applied to two datasets derived from the US National Household Travel Survey dataset. Thus, two optimized SVM models were developed, namely SVMBO#1 and SVMBO#2. Using the confusion matrix, accuracy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and area under the ROC, the outcomes of these two hybrid models were examined. Additionally, the results of hybrid SVM models were compared with those of other machine learning models. The results demonstrated that the BO algorithm enhanced the performance of the standard SVM model for predicting the HVO. The BO method determined the Gaussian kernel to be the optimal kernel function for both datasets. The performance of the SVM#1 model was improved by 4.27% and 5.16% for the training and testing phases, respectively. For SVM#2 model, the performance of this model was improved by 1.20% and 2.14% for the training and testing phases, respectively. Moreover, the BO method enhanced the AUC of the SVM models used to predict the HVO. The hybrid SVM models also outperformed other machine learning models developed in this study. The findings of this study showed that SVM models hybridized with the BO algorithm can effectively predict the HVO and can be employed in the process of travel demand forecasting.

The notion of electromobility spans an overall body of problems related to the use of electric vehicles (EV), covering both technical and service-related aspects of the EV, the charging technology and infrastructure, as well as social, economic and legal problems involved in the designing, manufacturing, purchasing and using of electric vehicles. The article addresses such matters as the share of electric vehicles in the automotive market as well as the problems of operation of electric vehicles both by private users and in public transport. Moreover, an analysis of trends in the development of electromobility in Poland, including current problems and issues, has been presented in this chapter. Some results of an analysis of accessibility of charging points and charging stations for electric vehicles currently used in the Conurbation of Upper Silesia and Dąbrowa Basin have also been discussed in the chapter.

A logistic center is a specialized economic structure grouping in a compact area a large group of entities specializing in the organization and physical transport of goods. It is a point of contact between the demand and supply of logistics and transport services and is of a public nature. The decision on the location of each logistic center should be preceded by detailed computational and logistic studies. The location of logistics centers, which occupy large ground areas and require well-equipped back-up facilities along with road infrastructure, should be very precisely defined. The methodology of planning logistics centers most often includes various types of planning techniques, planning procedures as well as analysis and evaluation criteria. The paper presents the issues of logistics centers in terms of legal requirements for the functioning of logistics centers, rules and methods of locating such facilities in the transport network of the area, which were supplemented by an analysis of the functioning of logistics centers in Poland in 2008-2018.

Currently, in Poland, compared to other Western European countries, the electric vehicle market is in the initial stage of development, hence there are significantly fewer electric vehicles on Polish roads. The main reasons for the small number of electric cars in Poland include relatively high prices of electric cars, the lack or deficiencies in the available charging infrastructure, manifested by a small number of charging points for electric cars, and the technological problem related to the limited range of electric cars. The chapter presents the issues of promoting electric cars based on incentive programs, preliminary results of research on the role and importance of incentive programs in promoting the purchase of electric cars in Poland, and a review of the so-called good practices from around the world in the field of promoting electric cars and the operation of electric car charging points. The conclusions drawn from these practices can be a valuable source of information, tips and guidelines when carrying out works at the initial stage of electromobility development in Poland.

Numerous studies have reported the effective use of artificial intelligence approaches, particularly artificial neural networks (ANNs)-based models, to tackle tunnelling issues. However, having a high number of model inputs increases the running time and related mistakes of ANNs. The principal component analysis (PCA) approach was used in this work to select input factors for predicting tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance, specifically advance rate (AR). A reliable and precise forecast of TBM AR is desirable and critical for mitigating risk throughout the tunnel building phase. The developed PCAs (a total of four PCAs) were used with the artificial bee colony (ABC) method to predict TBM AR. To assess the created PCA-ANN-ABC model’s capabilities, an imperialist competitive algorithm-ANN and regression-based methods for estimating TBM AR were also suggested. To evaluate the artificial intelligence and statistical models, many statistical evaluation metrics were evaluated and generated, including the coefficient of determination (R2). The findings indicate that the PCA-ANN-ABC model (with R2 values of 0.9641 for training and 0.9558 for testing) is capable of predicting AR values with a high degree of accuracy, precision, and flexibility. The modelling approach utilized in this study may be used to other comparable studies involving the solution of engineering challenges.

Bike-sharing is known as a sustainable form of transportation. This travel mode is able to tackle the “last mile” transit issue and deliver financial, well-being, and low-carbon lifestyle advantages to users. To date, many studies have analysed the influence of various factors, including built environments, on bike-sharing ridership. However, no study has exclusively synthesised these findings regarding the association between built-environment attributes and bike-sharing ridership. Thus, in this study, a systematic literature review was conducted on 39 eligible studies. These studies were assessed with respect to (1) bike-sharing usage, (2) studies’ geographical distribution, (3) data collection and analysis method, and (4) built environment factor type. Most studies were carried out in the US and Chinese cities. Variables associated with diversity, density, and distance to public transport stations and public transport infrastructure were frequently employed by the studies reviewed. It was found that BS stations with an average capacity of 24.63 docks and street network systems with an average length of 12.57 km of cycling lanes had a significant impact on the bike-sharing ridership. The findings of these studies were combined, and a series of recommendations were proposed based on them for bike-sharing service providers and researchers in academia. The findings of this evaluation can help practitioners and scholars understand the important built environment elements that influence bike-sharing ridership. Knowledge in this field will enable bike-sharing service providers to direct their resources sufficiently to enhance the more essential aspects of bike-sharing users’ satisfaction.

The forecasts of the Ministry of Energy regarding the development of the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in Poland envisage that, over the next years, ca. 6,000 new normal power charging points (under 22 kW) and ca. 400 high power charging points (over 22 kW) will be built. There are also other very optimistic projections indicating a sharp increase in the number of electric vehicle charging points in Poland. This paper presents the characteristics of electric vehicle charging points and stations, websites allowing for electric vehicle charging stations to be searched for in Poland, as well as the current situation and problems related to the charging stations for electric vehicles in Poland.

Launching activities oriented towards electromobility development in urban areas is a difficult process, which is mainly due to the existence of barriers of infrastructural and social nature. This article provides a discussion concerning different levels of electromobility development and highlights the main efforts undertaken for the sake of identification of potential sites for vehicle charging stations. The research of transport accessibility was conducted in two cities characterised by diverse levels of maturity of electromobility implementation (The Hague and Budapest). The authors have proposed a method intended for acquisition of data concerning the real-life needs of the travelling population, assumed to function as a means of decision making support for local authorities with regard to installation of charging infrastructure. The method relies on the use of modern technologies, including a multimodal travel planner developed under the international project entitled Electric Travelling, implemented within the framework of the ERANET CoFund Electric Mobility Europe programme.

The article comments upon results of an empirical analysis of psychotechnical parameters of vehicle drivers (i.e. critical gaps and follow-up times) at roundabouts located in Tokyo and the Tokyo surroundings. The analysis in question was conducted as a part a project entitled “Analysis of the applicability of the author’s method of roundabouts entry capacity calculation developed for the conditions prevailing in Poland to the conditions prevailing at roundabouts in Tokyo (Japan) and in the Tokyo surroundings” financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange.

The problem of road users behaviors on selected elements of transport infrastructure have been presented in this paper. The study of road users behaviors was carried out at selected five cities located in the Masovian Voivodeship. During the survey the information about drivers, pedestrians and cyclists behaviors at intersections like roundabouts have been collected. The collected information concerned among others recognition and adhere to the existing traffic control at roundabouts as well as respects the pedestrians priority at pedestrian crossings located on the roundabouts entries.

Paper presents the analysis of the results of General Traffic Measurements on the national roads carried out in the years 2000-2015 in the Silesian Voivodeship. Traffic measurements are the basic tool that is used to obtain information about traffic conditions. They allow identification of road infrastructure that requires modernization or complete reconstruction. The information obtained is needed to properly manage, maintain and plan the development of the road network. Data obtained from General Traffic Measurements are used to make decisions related to the classification of roads and to determine their priorities on the road network at the national and international scale. Information from the GTM allows to evaluate traffic conditions and the possibility of introducing changes to the organization of traffic.

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are a set of tools that enable better and more efficient use of existing road infrastructure. They support the operation of transport systems in selected areas. ITS services are not only related to the improvement of cars traffic conditions but also to the functioning of urban public transport in the area of their impact. Thanks to the available ITS functions, supervision over the functioning of urban public transport has become easier and allows to achieve the intended effects in the form of increasing the importance of urban public transport (UPT) in transport systems of cities and agglomerations. Establishing transport priorities for UPT vehicles, closing streets for cars, supervising the movement of UPT vehicles, dynamic passenger information systems or immediate response to emergency situations is one of many available ITS functions in public transport. The article presents an analysis of the functioning of selected ITS services supporting the functioning of urban public transport in selected areas of the Silesian Voivodeship.

A detailed analysis of traffic conditions at the intersection allows us to obtain information about the efficiency of its operation. This type of analysis usually involves assessing the capacity and scale of the intersection and applying classical measures to assess its quality. In Poland, for this purpose, methods developed by the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways are used to estimate the capacity of intersections without traffic lights, intersections with traffic lights, and roundabouts. The paper presents the results of the analysis of traffic conditions at the intersection of Brzezinska and Nowochrzanowska Streets, located in Myslowice (Silesian Province, Poland). The paper also examines the findings on traffic safety at this intersection.

Driving with excessive speed is considered as one of the main factors affecting traffic safety. This factor affects not only to the risk associated with the participation in a traffic accident, but also on the consequences of these accidents. The paper presents the analysis of the number of exceeding the speed limit in Poland. The analysis was based on data obtained from the Center of Automatic Supervision of Road Traffic. Of all Polish voivodships, the highest number of exceeding the speed limit was disclosed in the Mazowieckie and Śląskie Voivodships. Furthermore, in all voivodeships, the highest number of exceeding the speed limit was recorded in the range of 11-30 km/h. The smallest drivers group is exceeding the speed limit over 50 km/h. A positive phenomenon is the fact that as the speed increases, the number of vehicle drivers exceeding the speed limit is decreases. The presented data confirms that the basic tool used to improve road traffic safety is proper speed management and supervision.

The goal of smart cities and sustainable transport is to ensure the efficient movement of people while minimizing a negative impact on the environment. Many cities around the world conduct a policy aimed at limiting parking spaces; however, the complete elimination of parking spaces in cities currently does not seem possible. Parking vehicles cause disturbances in road traffic by searching for a parking space and performing the parking maneuver. This article analyzes the impact of the parking maneuver on the capacity of the inlets of intersections with traffic lights, and the significance of the time it takes to enter and exit a parking space on road traffic disturbance areas under Polish conditions. The research is carried out in on-street parking, characterized by different positions of the parking space to the road, the different surfaces of parking spaces, and the geometry of the road next to which the parking spaces are located. Differences in the time of entry to and exit from the parking space between the research areas indicate that different characteristics of the parking spaces affect the time of the parking maneuver. Drivers wait for the acceptable distance between vehicles on the road into which the vehicle can exit from the parking space. Drivers exiting from perpendicular parking spaces more often cause traffic disruptions than in the case of parallel parking spaces, due to limited visibility. The occupancy of parking spaces directly next to the analyzed ones also affects the time of entry to and exit from the parking space. However, between the time of entry to or exit from the parking space, and the use of the parking space, there is no relationship. This finding indicates that more factors determine the time of entry to and exit from the parking space. The results presented in the article show the need to conduct further research on the impact of parking maneuvers on the capacity of intersections with traffic lights for road traffic conditions in Poland. The results of the research will allow for the design and construction of an optimal parking infrastructure that will meet the needs of road users, while minimizing the negative impact on road conditions and the natural environment following sustainable development.

Tools for counting traffic are not only used to obtain information about traffic conditions and necessary data in order to design new transport system infrastructure. They primarily allow for the assessment of road users’ communication needs, as well as their dynamic mobility in the transport network of the analysis area. In these aspects, general traffic measurements (GTM), which, since 1965, have been performed in Poland every five years, are extremely helpful. The article presents the results of a detailed analysis of the data derived from the GTM conducted in the period 2005-2015 on voivodeship roads. The analysis was carried out using results from the West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

Forecasts pertaining to urban freight transport and international freight transport in the European Union unanimously imply that, within at least the next thirty years, the main indicator of functionality and growth will be dynamic supply chains, as they are commonly referred to, where logistics centres supported by almost infinite possibilities of new e-technologies will play the most crucial part. Owing to industrial tradition and well-developed transport infrastructure, including primarily the most densely built network of high-class roads in the country and fast road connections with central Poland as well as neighboring countries, the territory of Silesian Province has become an important warehousing market of all-Polish and Central-Eastern European relevance. Identifying the trends observed in the development of freight transport logistics within the territory in question is the first step towards improvement of the current state of matters. It also provided grounds to perform one of tasks defined under the international S-mile project implemented within the framework of the ERANET Transport III “Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain” programme. This article is mainly an attempt to review results of the analyses undertaken in this scope, including those pertaining to the specificity of the existing infrastructure and the projected development of the logistic infrastructure in Silesian Province along with orientations of its development proposed in strategic documents of both national and regional level, such as the Silesian Province development strategy, development plans, concepts, forecasts as well as projects concerning transport and freight transport logistics. Some results of accessibility analysis of the logistics centres currently operating in Silesian Province have also been presented.

Electric vehicles have been gradually growing in popularity. There are countries, such as China, USA and some European countries in particular (including the United Kingdom, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, France), where the number of electric vehicles has been increasing on a year to year basis. In Poland, on the other hand, the market of electric vehicles is still very immature, the proof of which can be perceived in the lack of vehicle charging infrastructure or the negligible demand for such services in places where this infrastructure has actually been built, not to mention the minute sales of electric vehicles. This paper addresses results of an analysis of problems and issues connected with electric vehicles, both worldwide and in Poland.

The article comments upon results of an analysis of driver behaviour at roundabouts in Tokyo and the Tokyo surroundings. This analysis was conducted as a part of a project entitled “Analysis of the applicability of the author’s method of roundabouts entry capacity calculation developed for the conditions prevailing in Poland to the conditions prevailing at roundabouts in Tokyo (Japan) and in the Tokyo surroundings” financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange. The article analyses the patterns of behaviour of drivers at roundabout entry legs with regard to the rule of limited confidence in other drivers at the roundabout and the impact of these behaviour patterns on the entry leg’s flow capacity. The results thus obtained show a better match between the models applied for estimating the roundabout entry leg capacity, where one takes into account a certain part of the stream of vehicles leaving the main circulatory roadway using the exit preceding the entry leg analysed, compared to a model where the stream of vehicles leaving the main circulatory roadway has not been included in the composition of the higher rank volume for the given entry leg.

Statistics show that roundabouts are safe road solutions. The main objective of presented paper is the analysis of roundabouts perception by drivers, cyclists and pedestrians. For this purpose, this paper attempts to check and verify the hypothesis that roundabout users in Poland—especially single-lane roundabout users—generally perceived roundabouts positively. In connection with the above, the use of the preference study determined the perception of the roundabouts of their users. Survey research was conducted among the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship. The results of the research allowed to state that roundabout users express a general positive attitude to the reconstruction of other types of intersections at the crossroads of the roundabout. The perception of roundabouts by cyclists and pedestrians coincides with driver ratings. In terms of traffic safety, among all types of roundabouts, users are best perceived as single-lane roundabouts and the spiral roundabouts are the worst.

Continuous, automatic measurements of road traffic volume allow the obtaining of information on daily, weekly or seasonal fluctuations in road traffic volume. They are the basis for calculating the annual average daily traffic volume, obtaining information about the relevant traffic volume, or calculating indicators for converting traffic volume from short-term measurements to average daily traffic volume. The covid-19 pandemic has contributed to extensive social and economic anomalies worldwide. In addition to the health consequences, the impact on travel behavior on the transport network was also sudden, extensive, and unpredictable. Changes in the transport behavior resulted in different values of traffic volume on the road and street network than before. The article presents road traffic volume analysis in the city before and during the restrictions related to covid-19. Selected traffic characteristics were compared for 2019 and 2020. This analysis made it possible to characterize the daily, weekly and annual variability of traffic volume in 2019 and 2020. Moreover, the article attempts to estimate daily traffic patterns at particular stages of the pandemic. These types of patterns were also constructed for the weeks in 2019 corresponding to these stages of the pandemic. Daily traffic volume distributions in 2020 were compared with the corresponding ones in 2019. The obtained results may be useful in terms of planning operational and strategic activities in the field of traffic management in the city and management in subsequent stages of a pandemic or subsequent pandemics.

One of the biggest challenges today in the transport of goods on the world is the problem called “last mile logistics”. This is a problem concerning the final stage of transport of goods to the customers. The role of information in the last mile logistics acquired from freight transport planners has been presented in this paper. This paper contains a detailed comparison of existing Open Source software solutions for freight transport planning. This paper also provided grounds to perform one of tasks defined under the international S-mile project implemented within the framework of the ERANET Transport III “Sustainable Logistics and Supply Chain” programme analyzing how different technologies should be modified in order to fulfills all the S-mile project objectives. In the paper the results of the analysis to identify the best freight transport planner to use in the S-mile project have been presented.

Turbo roundabouts are the new generation of circular intersections. They offer numerous advantages, the main of which include relatively high flow capacity and high traffic safety, the latter being only slightly lower than in one-lane roundabouts, still incomparably higher than that of multi-lane intersections. The first ever turbo roundabout was designed in the second half of the 1990s in the Netherlands by L. Fortuijna. Ever since, intersections of this type have been designed in many countries all around the world, and one of those where turbo roundabouts are created is Poland. This article describes models used to estimate psychotechnical parameters, i.e. critical gaps and follow-up headways for turbo roundabouts and for different traffic organisation scenarios with regard to the area where a minor road enters the main carriageway. The models in question have been designed with reference to results of surveys conducted at turbo roundabouts in Poland.

Traffic measurements and surveys are indispensable in road traffic engineering. Results delivered by such studies are used in numerous detailed follow-up analyses, but also to make planning decisions and to design transport infrastructure as well as traffic control systems. This article addresses outcomes of a detailed analysis of results of the General Traffic Measurements conducted over the years 2000–2015. The analysis has been performed with reference to results pertaining to Opolskie Voivodeship.

Summary. The main aim of this study was to verify whether it is possible to utilize the model contained in the HCM 2010 methodology for evaluation of traffic capacity of the lanes at the entries to turbo roundabouts in Poland. The models contained in the HCM 2010 methodology were compared with the empirical values obtained for traffic capacity of the traffic lanes at the entries to turbo roundabouts with values of traffic capacity determined based on the author's own models developed based on the data collected at turbo roundabouts located in Poland. The comparison demonstrated a moderate consistency of the compared values of traffic capacity.

One of the basic parameter used for roundabout entry capacity calculation is follow-up headway. This parameter beyond critical headway and traffic volume on roundabout roadway major for vehicle drivers from entry determines roundabout entry capacity. The comparative analysis of models and studies on follow-up headway estimation have been presented in this article. The analysis were made for single lane, two lane and turbo roundabouts. The largest number of models and studies of follow-up headway parameter refers to single lane roundabouts. The least studies were devoted to values of follow-up headway parameter at turbo roundabouts due to the fact that this is still relatively a new type of roundabout in compare with single lane or two lane roundabouts.

“First and Last Mile Delivery” stands for freight transport logistics over the first and the last part of the way to the customer, accordingly. In freight transport, the first and the last mile are most cost intensive. In the last phase of transport, it is difficult to gather and put shipments together, which results in the costs in that area usually being disproportionately high. The problems of last mile delivery usually stem from the fact that deliveries are composed of individual orders and from a significant level of dispersal of destinations, as each order must be delivered to a different address. Similar problems are related to first mile freight transport. This article addresses the problems and issues connected with first and last mile delivery.