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© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. We offer to supplement existing approaches to evaluation of financial statuses of governmental units with an index of assets availability which are the basis of their activities. Necessity for consideration of assets dynamics, their structure, as well as quality of their management is proved in the course of evaluation of financial statuses of governmental units. The article makes the evaluation of influence of various assets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, included into the Volga Federal District, on their financial statuses level; they have been graded with a glance to assets dynamics changes.

Objective: to study the capabilities of a procedure for sonotomography (STG) versus that of X-ray mammography (MG) in patients from different age groups who have different radiological types of the breast structure and to estimate the diagnostic possibilities of the STG and X-ray MG procedures in detecting cancer in patients its the X-ray dense background.Materail and methods. The investigation enrolled 143 patients aged 38 to 77 years who had undergone STG after primary X-ray MG. Particular emphasis was placed on a methodological approach to optimizing STG in patients from different age groups with a varying radiological type of the breast structure in different physiological periods. The international breast imaging and reporting data system was used to standardize detected breast masses.Results. Out of the 143 patients, 102 persons, including 16 patients with verified breast cancer (BC), were found to have space-occupying lesions. During the performed investigation, computed processing of 3D scans at the working station confirmed the entire quadrant-by-quadrant consentaneity of the glandular structure of the breast at STG and X-ray MG. There were a higher proportion of abnormal breast masses with the increased percentage ratio of glandular tissue in the breast. Emphasis was laid on the role of STG as an additional examination technique in patients from all age groups with the radiologically dense breast in order to detect cancer due to a high sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%.Conclusion. The procedure of STG versus that of X-ray MS showed a high degree of compatibility of opinions as to the type of the breast structure in the patients. Due to the fact that standardprojection STG scans can be compared, during mammography the procedure of STG must hold a firm place in the examination algorithm of the breast in women with its X-ray dense structure.

Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of death worldwide and is characterized by extensive fibrosis. There are currently no effective antifibrotic therapies available. To obtain a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis and enable the discovery of therapeutic targets, here we profile the transcriptomes of more than 100,000 single human cells, yielding molecular definitions for non-parenchymal cell types that are found in healthy and cirrhotic human liver. We identify a scar-associated TREM2+CD9+ subpopulation of macrophages, which expands in liver fibrosis, differentiates from circulating monocytes and is pro-fibrogenic. We also define ACKR1+ and PLVAP+ endothelial cells that expand in cirrhosis, are topographically restricted to the fibrotic niche and enhance the transmigration of leucocytes. Multi-lineage modelling of ligand and receptor interactions between the scar-associated macrophages, endothelial cells and PDGFRα+ collagen-producing mesenchymal cells reveals intra-scar activity of several pro-fibrogenic pathways including TNFRSF12A, PDGFR and NOTCH signalling. Our work dissects unanticipated aspects of the cellular and molecular basis of human organ fibrosis at a single-cell level, and provides a conceptual framework for the discovery of rational therapeutic targets in liver cirrhosis.