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International education administrators in the American community spend a great deal of time discussing the study abroad experience, but the question of how the experience abroad should be integrated with the campus experience after the student’s return is usually located only in generalised extracurricular zones. The subject is examined primarily in terms of how returning students can be actors in helping others develop global interests (Kepets, 1995). The most frequent topic is the psychological difficulties faced by students on re-entry to their home society and, usually with less specificity, to their home institution (Sussman, 1986, p. 241). Tools are invoked that can assist the process of re-entry: workshops are organised, peer advising programmes established, and international career days are sponsored (Sussman, 1986; Thebodo & Marx, 2005). These are all useful and sensible things to consider, but a more fundamental issue is rarely addressed, and it is this matter that this paper will address: if study abroad has educational outcomes for the student – if the student returns to campus with a different perspective, or different knowledge, or different skill sets – then should not the post-return academic experience of this student somehow recognise this? Can we assume that students can simply apply capabilities and perspectives they have acquired to whatever courses they take once they are back on campus, and that the transformation that they have gone through will allow them to experience these courses differently, and to exercise and continue to develop their new capacities? Should study abroad be placed in the same category as other life experience – broadening for the student, but not something to be considered by the faculty when designing courses or curricula? The conversation surrounding this question is certainly happening at some institutions in the United States, but

Background Mobile X-ray services (MXS) could be used to investigate clinical issues in aged care residents within familiar surroundings, reducing transfers to and from emergency departments and enabling healthcare to be delivered in residential aged care facilities. There is however little research exploring consumer perspectives about such services. The objective of this research was to explore the perspectives and preferences of residents about the provision of MXS in residential aged care facilities, including their knowledge about the service, perceived benefits, and factors that require consideration for effective implementation. Methods A qualitative study design was used. The setting for the study included four residential aged care facilities of different sizes from different parts of a South Australian city. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. 16 residents participated in semi-structured interviews that were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were inductively derived using thematic analysis. Results Participants had a mean age of 85 years, 56% were female, 25% had dementia and 25% had had a mobile X-ray in the last 12 months. Four themes were developed. Participants preferred mobile X-rays, provided as healthcare-in-place, to improve accessibility to them and minimize physical and psychological discomfort. Participants had expectations about the processes for receiving mobile X-rays. Costs of X-rays to people, family and society were a consideration. Decision making required residents be informed about mobile X-rays. Conclusions Residents have positive views of MXS as they can receive healthcare-in-place, with familiar people and surroundings. They emphasised that MXS delivered in residential aged care facilities need to be of equivalent quality to those found in other settings. Increased awareness of mobile X-ray services is required.

Background There is interest in reducing avoidable emergency department presentations from residential aged care facilities (RACF). Mobile x-ray services may enable the delivery of healthcare in residential aged care facilities. Accordingly, the Australian Government in November 2019 introduced a Medicare Benefit Schedule rebate providing for a ‘call-out’ fee payable to radiology service providers. This study aims to understand stakeholder perspectives on the benefits of mobile x-ray services and the factors influencing their adoption by RACFs. Design, setting, participants Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted between October 2020 and February 2021 with a range of stakeholders involved in healthcare delivery to residents: a) general practitioners; b) emergency department clinicians; c) paramedic clinicians; d) a hospital avoidance clinician; e) radiology clinicians and managers; and f) aged care clinicians and managers. Thematic analysis was conducted. Results Mobile x-ray services were considered valuable for RACF residents. Lack of timely general practitioner in-person assessment and referral, as well as staffing deficits in residential aged care facilities, reduces optimal use of mobile x-ray services and results in potentially unnecessary hospital transfers. Conclusions The use of mobile x-ray services, as a hospital avoidance strategy, depends on the capacity of RACFs to provide more complex healthcare-in-place. However, this requires greater access to general practitioners for in-person assessment and referral, adequate staffing numbers and appropriately skilled nursing staff within residential aged care facilities.

By the 1990s, the issue of sustainable management of water had become a global priority. By the end of the decade, the UN promoted the development of the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) framework to assist governments in reaching water sustainability goals. With IWRM being the accepted method of managing water, traditional government led top-down management was observed to be insufficient to meet the demands of diverse stakeholders, inspiring a transition from government to governance. This transition emphasized inclusiveness, as well as active stakeholder participation in identifying problems and solutions. While governance has been readily adopted around the world, it has not been consistently defined, resulting in diverse understandings and applications that have focused on individual aspects such as economics or social justice, and making evaluations of governance systems difficult. To serve as criteria for evaluations, five pillars of good governance have been drawn from a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature. These five pillars are then used to better understand and evaluate water governance under Alberta’s Water for Life (WFL) strategy; a water governance system that has been operational for over a decade. The evaluation is conducted using the Q-method to qualitatively and quantitatively identify distinct perspectives within the stakeholder population. Five perspectives emerged from the data, each reflecting unique values, priorities, and interests related to the water governance process and the five pillars of good governance. These perspectives provide insight into how each of these pillars operate in practice under WFL, and how they can be improved to enhance good governance. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

It is a challenging task for policy makers to design optimal water resource management policies that accommodate increasing demand while minimizing social and environmental impacts of water extraction. We used four surveys of the general community and irrigators in Alberta’s South-Saskatchewan River Basin to explore the values people assign to water and their preferences for water re-allocation policies, focusing particularly on generational differences. The findings suggest that significant generational differences exist: with the younger generation more environmentally concerned, although it favoured less government intervention in water re-allocation. Generational differences also exist regarding residential and irrigation water use values, and in policy preferences for how to protect the environment and the rights of existing water right holders (irrigators). It was also found that urban–rural context and economic dependence (farmers versus non-farmers) on water mediate generational differences in values and preferences. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Living Case Studies (LCSs) in the discipline of business provide a bridge from knowledge acquisition to knowledge practice in a real world context. They offer the facilitator a knowledge to application methodology and the student a learning by doing experience, which are oftentimes lacking in business courses. The Eynesbury Institute of Business and Technology (EIBT) offers a Diploma of Business leading to either the University of Adelaide or University of South Australia's degree programs in businessrelated fields. From 2010-2013, EIBT introduced a simulated LCS in its Diploma of Business program to extend collaborative methods and understanding of how different business courses can work together to achieve heightened student engagement. This chapter provides an overview of the journey from planning to implementation, different approaches adapted in courses, reflections on what was learned, and future recommendations if the LCS were to be re-implemented at EIBT. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

In Australia, it is commonplace for tertiary mental health care to be provided in large regional centres or metropolitan cities. Rural and remote consumers must be transferred long distances, and this inevitably results in difficulties with the integration of their care between primary and tertiary settings. Because of the need to address these issues, and improve the transfer process, a research project was commissioned by a national government department to be conducted in South Australia. The aim of the project was to document the experiences of mental health consumers travelling from the country to the city for acute care and to make policy recommendations to improve transitions of care. Six purposively sampled case studies were conducted collecting data through semistructured interviews with consumers, country professional and occupational groups and tertiary providers. Data were analysed to produce themes for consumers, and country and tertiary mental healthcare providers. The study found that consumers saw transfer to the city for mental health care as beneficial in spite of the challenges of being transferred over long distances, while being very unwell, and of being separated from family and friends. Country care providers noted that the disjointed nature of the mental health system caused problems with key aspects of transfer of care including transport and information flow, and achieving integration between the primary and tertiary settings. Improving transfer of care involves overcoming the systemic barriers to integration and moving to a primary care-led model of care. The distance consultation and liaison model provided by the Rural and Remote Mental Health Services, the major tertiary provider of services for country consumers, uses a primary care-led approach and was highly regarded by research participants. Extending the use of this model to other primary mental healthcare providers and tertiary facilities will improve transfer of care.

The introduction of water markets has caused widespread concern within irrigation communities both among irrigators and among other community members. There are two main areas of community concern. The first is associated with the export of water out of a certain location and the second is associated with the consolidation of water into larger corporate entities. This paper investigates the second area of concern. The analyses are based on extensive interviews with key informants within a community in South Australia dominated by the wine and other horticultural industries. Following the introduction of water markets this area has seen the emergence of a large number of new corporate entities or substantial expansion of existing family operations evolving into large family corporations.

This paper draws on a consultation with 200 stakeholders about a mental health plan in the most remote region of South Australia to discuss primary mental healthcare improvement strategies. In rural and remote environments, a lack of services means that it is more difficult to deal with a mental illness or provide assistance for circumstantial life problems. The authors’ consultations revealed difficulties with service access, acceptability and teamwork. They also found that the availability of local human service workers leads to their use as first-level mental health contacts, but these workers are neither skilled nor supported for this. These difficulties will require attention to the boundaries between different service providers which can otherwise create inflexibility and service gaps. The regional mental health plan that is being rolled out will develop collaboration through regional interagency task groups, networking groups for local human service workers and the position of a regional mental health coordinator in order to overcome these difficulties and to operationalise service partnerships.