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El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la influencia que ejerce la granulometría del lecho del río, la forma de la pila de un puente y los parámetros hidrológicos en la profundidad de socavación, a partir de un modelo físico. Para el desarrollo experimental se empleó un suelo granular proveniente de río al que se le realizaron ensayos de laboratorio para determinar la distribución del tamaño de las partículas, empleando materiales cuya clasificación, según el sistema unificado de clasificación de suelos (USCS, por sus siglas en inglés) es SP (arena mal gradada), SW (arena bien gradada), SP-SC (arena mal gradada con arcilla). Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis estadístico con el fin de determinar las diferencias significativas entre cada una de las variables y su influencia en dicho proceso. Se encontró que existe una fuerte relación entre la forma de la pila, el caudal y la granulometría, con las características hidrodinámicas del flujo cuando pasa por las pilas, así como en la profundidad de socavación.

El presente artículo describe el desempeño biocatalítico de la enzima peroxidasa de la soya para oxidar contaminantes acuosos del tipo aromáticos como plaguicidas organofosforados, hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs), y flavonoides provenientes de residuos agroindustriales. Los ensayos se realizaron en muestras modelo y también en muestras simuladas de efluentes contaminados. El análisis se realizó por cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución (HPLC) y por espectrofotometría UV-vis. Las conversiones alcanzadas fueron para los plaguicidas terbufos (14%) y dimetoato (30% de conversión); para los HPAs como azuleno (32%), 9-metil antraceno (22%); antraceno y pireno (29% cada uno), y carbazol (18%); y los flavonoides como ácido ferúlico (99%), quercetina (98%), rutina (50%) y naringina (10%). Se estudió el efecto del cambio de pH y de temperatura en la actividad de la enzima, siendo activa desde un pH de 3 hasta 6, y desde los 25 ˚C hasta los 80 ˚C. Lo anterior permite concluir que la peroxidasa de soya es un buen candidato para estudios más completos para su posible aplicación en la descontaminación de efluentes que contienen contaminantes aromáticos.

PurposeThis study explores the effect of video assistant referee (VAR) sponsorship on spectator response and compares it with advertising and conventional sponsorship.Design/methodology/approachAn experiment with 809 subjects is conducted by analyzing 20 one-minute video clip stimuli from a Premier League soccer game divided into four formats: two formats of VAR sponsorship, advertising, and conventional sponsorship.FindingsThe results show that the indicators of recall, credibility, and perceived congruence improve when the VAR sponsorship format is used.Originality/valueThis is the first manuscript to examine the effectiveness of a new type of sponsorship: VAR sponsorship. This manuscript provides metrics that will guide practitioners on whether to use this type of sponsorship.

La inmunización en adultos es una estrategia de salud pública que se ha desarrollado e impulsado en los últimos años como consecuencia del envejecimiento poblacional. El aumento de la proporción de personas adultas en la población y la manifiesta preocupación por promover un envejecimiento saludable de la población plantean la premura de aportar evidencia científica sobre los factores que se asocian a la vacunación de adultos. La prevalencia de inmunizaciones en adultos está por debajo de las metas planteadas por el Ministerio de Salud, por ello se propone como objetivo explorar e identificar los factores asociados a la vacunación de adultos en Argentina, teniendo en cuenta las recomendaciones del calendario nacional de inmunizaciones. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio y correlacional, cuya fuente de datos es la Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo de 2013. En la metodología se desarrollan modelos logísticos individuales usando como variables explicativas sexo, nivel de instrucción, cobertura de salud, situación conyugal y si accedió a información sobre vacunas de adultos en algún medio masivo de comunicación. La unidad de análisis son las personas mayores de 18 años y se analizan las subpoblaciones objetivo de las siguientes vacunas: doble bacteriana (tétanos – difteria: dT) o triple acelular del adulto (difteria-tétanos-pertussis acelular: dTpa), influenza y neumococo. Como contribución puede mencionarse que los resultados indican que haber visto o escuchado información sobre vacunas de adultos resultó el factor que más aumenta las probabilidades de estar inmunizados de los adultos argentinos.

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to analyze how autonomous and controlled motivations influence the formation of patronage intention (PI) of innovative green products. Additionally, the role of positive affect (PA) in these causal relationships is analyzed, as is the moderating role of social norms (SN).Design/methodology/approachData were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire. The paper reports the results of a quantitative study based on a sample of 338 people of 24 years old or older, with different levels of education and motivations in terms of acting in favor of the environment. To ensure the reliability and validity of the constructs, an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. To test the proposed research model, the methodology of structural equations was used.FindingsThe results indicate that autonomous motivations (AMs) contribute positively to the formation of patronage intention toward innovative green products, while controlled motivations (CMs) influence negatively. Additionally, it was observed that PA fulfills a relative role in the formation of patronage intention and that SN act as moderators of these causal relationships.Practical implicationsThese findings serve as a base for companies to identify those segments of consumers that are motivated autonomously by care for the environment and thus to design effective strategies to achieve their patronage intention.Originality/valueConsidering the relevance of the consumption of green products, as well as how companies can achieve the patronage intention of the consumer, this study shows a high level of originality in the sense that it analyses the role of motivations and PA in the formation of patronage intention of green products, especially when these are perceived as innovative.

Purpose The purpose of this qualitative study is to compare the perceptions of employed people in Mexico and Colombia about managerial and leadership behavioural effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative multiple cross-case and cross-nation comparative analysis of findings obtained from the two past emic replication (Mexico and Colombia) studies was conducted. Findings The study suggests that people within Mexican and Colombian organizations perceive “managerial and leadership behavioural effectiveness” in very similar ways. The findings support those researchers whose studies indicate that culture may not, as previously thought, play a significant role in the way managers should manage and lead their subordinates. Research limitations/implications The authors acknowledge two main limitations related to the sample size and scope of the two compared sets of empirical source data. The number of critical incidents about perceived managerial behavioural effectiveness obtained from the two compared studies was unbalanced (318 from the Mexican study and 267 from the Colombian study). Thus, the authors suggest more indigenous replication managerial behaviour studies be carried out in both Mexico and Colombia with the objective of identifying (if possible) the existence of critical incidents that could lead to different findings. Furthermore, the authors suggest conducting replica studies focused on specific industries rather than a diverse range of organizations to test the generalizability of the findings. Practical implications The findings of the comparative study are relevant to those human resource development professionals in international companies with operations in Mexico and/or Colombia when preparing their executives for international assignments in these Latin American countries. Originality/value The comparative study attempts to generate new insights and better understanding within the context of “managerial and leadership behavioural effectiveness” research, which the authors hope will make a useful contribution to the existing small body of knowledge regarding similarities and differences in managerial practices across culturally diverse Latin American countries.

RESUMEN: Reseña de La conversación civil de Esteban Guazzo. ABSTRACT: Review of La civil conversación by Esteban Guazzo.

Durante prácticamente todo año 2020, la humanidad vivió una modificación de sus formas y prácticas de convivencia. La pandemia de la COVID-19 obligó a las personas a recluirse en sus domicilios, interrumpiendo, por momentos, la mayoría de las actividades sociales. No obstante, las consecuencias de la enfermedad no sólo son médicas, sus efectos se han sentido también en las instituciones políticas y en las formas de organizar el poder. El artículo reflexiona sobre las medidas que establecieron los Estados para contener los contagios y los efectos de la pandemia en las libertades y la democracia.

El artículo analiza un pequeño motivo inserto en el libro IV de La Diana de Jorge de Montemayor: el baño ritual de Felismena que precede a su entrada en el templo. A partir del reconocimiento del espacio donde acontece la escena, un estanque de aguas cristalinas que se asemeja a un mikvé judío, el trabajo descifra el simbolismo religioso del fragmento y trata de vincularlo con el significado general de la obra.

The main objective of this research is to analyze the influence of tourist experiences on the perception of the sustainability and trustworthiness of a destination. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted through Qualtrics to collect responses from a sample of 450 subjects with recent tourist experiences. The proposed model was assessed by PLS-SEM analysis. All the relationships were supported, demonstrating that perceiving a greater experience in the sensory, affective, behavioral, and intellectual aspects, as a whole, influences the economic, cultural, and sustainable aspects of a sustainable tourist destination, and these different aspects of sustainability have a direct effect on tourist destination trustworthiness. Thus, this research allows an understanding of the way in which tourist destinations should focus their policies and strategies to achieve a better experience for tourists and thus be perceived as a sustainable tourist destination and, as a consequence, trustworthy.

Reseña de: Valdés Zurita, L. (Coord.) (2021). Cien años del sistema electoral mexicano: continuidad y cambio. Instituto Electoral del Estado de México. ISBN 978-607-8818-04-4

El objetivo de estudio ha sido establecer el nivel de incidencia de la gestión del presupuesto por resultados en la calidad del gasto público en el Sector Salud. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos, la cual permitió determinar la incidencia directa de la gestión del presupuesto por resultados en la dimensión programas presupuestales en el sector salud, por lo que si se direcciona de manera correcta la asignación de los fondos públicos, mejora la eficacia de las inversiones, para lo cual se hace necesario que el diseño del presupuesto se enfoque a programas presupuestales con cierre de brechas.

El presente estudio tiene por finalidad analizar el proceso por el cual la España imperial de los Austrias logró consolidar su poder en las Indias implementando una serie de instituciones novedosas que con el tiempo llegarían a neutralizar a los conquistadores-encomenderos, grupo que tenía la clara intención de fundar una aristocracia de ribetes feudales más o menos autónoma de la monarquía. Así en las siguientes páginas presentaremos la inevitable pugna que desde el descubrimiento y conquista del Nuevo Mundo se dio entre estos dos intereses: por un lado, el interés privado que reivindicaba derechos y privilegios de conquista y, por el otro, el interés de un floreciente Estado moderno1 que tenía muy bien definido un modelo imperial con el rey católico a la cabeza. Para ello compararemos los casos de la Nueva España (México) y el Perú durante el siglo XVI.

The reported percentage of catecholamine-producing tumors is around 80-85% in pheochromocytomas and 15- 20% in paragangliomas. The case of a 34-year-old female patient with a clinical, imaging and histopathological diagnosis of pheochromocytoma with paraganglioma with successful laparoscopic surgical resolution with a retroperitoneal approach is described. The cardinal symptom is uncontrolled hypertension despite medical management with multiple antihypertensives. The initial diagnostic approach is with the measurement of metanephrines in plasma and urine, if this is not conclusive, the clonidine test can be performed. With a positive laboratory result, an imaging study should be performed for localization and finally surgical resolution with a preference for the laparoscopic approach, with less risk of post-surgical complications.

Introducción: el sarcoma de Kaposi en pacientes de postrasplante renal es poco frecuente y está asociado usualmente a infección por herpes 8 y a dosis altas de inmunosupresión. Objetivo: descripción reporte de caso de Sarcoma de Kaposi en orofaringe en paciente postrasplante renal manejo con inhibidor de señal de coestimulación e inhibidor mTOR. Presentación del caso: en este artículo se describe el caso de una paciente, con antecedente de trasplante renal, con diagnóstico de sarcoma de Kaposi en una localización muy poco frecuente: a nivel orofaríngeo. Se realiza una revisión de los factores de riesgo, patogenia y un acercamiento en el manejo. De igual manera, se realiza un seguimiento y manejo con inhibidor de señal de coestimulación (belatacept) e inhibidor de mTOR. Discusión y conclusión: el sarcoma de Kaposi es una de las neoplasias postrasplante con mayor incidencia comparativamente con la población no trasplantada, donde el papel de la reactivación de la infección viral, más el papel de la inmunosupresión, son puntos fundamentales en la génesis de la neoplasia. La determinación del estatus serológico IgG para HHV8 podría ser una estrategia de determinación del riesgo en el pretrasplante.

Background Free flaps have become a highly valuable tool for complex reconstructive surgeries. The requirement of red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) during the perioperative period is common and its effect on the free flap survival is debatable. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between perioperative RBCT and vascular pedicle thrombosis (VPT). Methods For this study 302 free flaps performed between January 2006 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. It included their characteristics from before, during, and after the surgical procedure. The incidence of VPT and flap survival were calculated based on Kaplan Meier's method and the relationship between VPT and perioperative variables were analyzed by Cox regression models. Results The transfusion group was represented by 62 flaps (20.5%) and no transfusion by 240 flaps. The overall transfusion requirement was 20.5% and the cumulative incidence of VPT was 9.11%. A statistically significant relationship was not demonstrated between flap survival and transfusion status (HR = 1.73 IC 95%: 0.5 to 3.96; p = 0.192) (p = 0.192) independently from the number of units transfused, the preoperative diagnosis of anemia, and the type of flap used and did not establish an increased risk of VPT. Conclusion This study did not demonstrate an association between RBCT during preoperative period and the risk for VPT or microvascular free flap survival rate on postoperative follow up.

The PKC-θ isoform of protein kinase C is selectively expressed in T lymphocytes and plays an important role in the T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-triggered activation of mature T cells, T cell proliferation, and the subsequent release of cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2). Herein, we report the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a novel series of PKC-θ inhibitors. Through a combination of structure-guided design and exploratory SAR, suitable replacements for the basic C4 amine of the original lead (3) were identified. Property-guided design enabled the identification of appropriately substituted C2 groups to afford potent analogs with metabolic stability and permeability to support in vivo testing. With exquisite general kinase selectivity, cellular inhibition of T cell activation as assessed by IL-2 expression, a favorable safety profile, and demonstrated in vivo efficacy in models of acute and chronic T cell activation with oral dosing, CC-90005 (57) was selected for clinical development.

RESUMEN Este artículo compara los determinantes sociales de la salud (DSS) entre los departamentos del Noroeste Argentino que poseen alto riesgo de mortalidad infantil neonatal o pos-neonatal reducible y el resto de ellos, entre los años 2010 y 2014. El análisis de las condiciones socioeconómicas y su vínculo con la mortalidad infantil aporta conocimiento necesario respecto a la importancia de la consideración del entorno de las poblaciones y resulta imprescindible para formular políticas públicas adecuadas. Se propone un estudio ecológico con datos censales de 2010 y estadísticas vitales. Se identifican los departamentos de alto riesgo de muerte mediante el software libre SaTScan. Luego, se realiza una prueba T de comparación de medias para muestras independientes. De esta forma, se identificaron mayores deficiencias en los DSS de las zonas con alto riesgo. ABSTRACT We aim to compare the social determinants of health (DSS) between the departments of the Argentine Northwest with a high risk of reducible neonatal and postneonatal infant mortality and the rest of them, between 2010 and 2014. Consideration of socioeconomic conditions and their link with infant mortality provides essential knowledge regarding the importance of considering the environment of populations and is essential for formulating adequate public policies. An ecological study is proposed, with census data from 2010, and vital statistics. Departments at high risk of death are identified using free Satscan software, and then a mean comparison t-test is performed for independent samples. Greater deficiencies were identified in the DSS in high-risk areas.

Forests are important for their economic, ecological, and social contribution to humanity. However, there is a decrease in the forest mass due to different causes such as fire, intensive agriculture, overgrazing, air pollution, and the presence of pests and diseases of fungal origin. A practice to deal with diseases caused by fungi has been the application of broad-spectrum, fungicides with negative consequences on the environment. Biological control is an alternative for disease management in pine species. Due to the need to conserve the diversity of pine species, this review addresses issues relevant to the importance of forests in the world, diseases in Pinus spp., fungal control by chemical and biological agents, referring to different biological control mechanisms and the most studied biofungicides such as Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus sp. in Pinus spp. The various scientific reports on the biological control of fungi in different pine species places it as a promising option in reducing the pathogenicity and incidence of fungal diseases with less negative effects on the environment than synthetic pesticides of chemical origin. Therefore, this review aims to transmit information on biological control in pine trees as a friendly alternative for the recovery of forests.

O objetivo desse trabalho é examinar as freguesias de índios na antiga capitania de Porto Seguro entre a segunda metade do século XVIII e início do século XIX. Nesse período, tanto a igreja secular quanto a política indigenista viviam o auge de medidas reformistas, que impactaram diretamente no cotidiano e na organização social das populações indígenas. O principal argumento apresentado é o que compreende a instalação e administração das freguesias de índios como um reforço do processo de territorialização vivenciado pelos povos indígenas. O estudo faz uso de umvariado conjunto de fontes históricas, incluindo alguns registros eclesiástico, documentos administrativos e relatos de viajantes. No geral, a análise não encontrou muita diferença na estrutura e funcionamento das freguesias de índios quando comparadas àsdemais freguesias da América portuguesa, embora tenha sido possível identificar como a implantação dessas unidades jurídico-administrativas e religiosas abriram novos espaços de tradução,mediação,negociação e conflito para os povos indígenas.

Several recent papers have examined a rational polyhedron Pm whose integer points are in bijection with the numerical semigroups (cofinite, additively closed subsets of the non-negative integers) containing m. A combinatorial description of the faces of Pm was recently introduced, one that can be obtained from the divisibility posets of the numerical semigroups a given face contains. In this paper, we study the faces of Pm containing arithmetical numerical semigroups and those containing certain glued numerical semigroups, as an initial step towards better understanding the full face structure of Pm . In most cases, such faces only contain semigroups from these families, yielding a tight connection to the geometry of Pm .

Although interest in green hotels has been growing, and new challenges have focused on achieving consumers’ patronage intention, no studies have considered how biospheric values contribute to the achievement of green hotel patronage intention. This study proposes that biospheric value is a way to achieve this goal. Specifically, it presents a model in which consumers’ identification with green hotels makes it possible to achieve customer citizenship behavior; simultaneously, the model makes biospheric values the starting point to achieve consumer identification. The results show that the biospheric values directly influence identification, customer citizenship behavior, and patronage intention, while perceived value acts as a moderator in the relationship between the identification of a consumer and the customer citizenship behavior dimensions. Finally, the managerial implications, limitations of the study, and future scope for research are presented.

Numerous ancient cultures in Mexico (e.g., Maya, Zapotec, Olmec, etc.) disappeared, leaving behind their legacy. These cultures inherited temples and archaeological remains, discovered in some cases by chance or through scientific expeditions. Most of the discovered structures were covered by vegetation layers, which made them very difficult to identify. By instance, Mexico’s south-east, where the Mayan culture settled, is known for being a densely forested area. The tropical forest ‘Selva Lacandona’ is located in this region. Consequently, this work suggests using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography (TomoSAR), as a technique for searching structures under the forest canopy. TomoSAR retrieves three-dimensional imagery from illuminated scenes. When an adequate wavelength is chosen (i.e., L-, P-band), TomoSAR detects the several vegetation layers in forested areas and the topography beneath. Furthermore, TomoSAR is also capable of locating structures hidden under the forest canopy, which could be the case of ancient temples or archaeological vestiges.

El trabajo tiene como proposito analizar la relacion existente entre cortesania y bucolismo en La Diana de Jorge de Montemayor. Con este fin desarrolla el concepto de «paradoja bucolica», aplicable a un texto que es al mismo tiempo anticortesano (surge de la huida a una mitica Edad de Oro) y cortesano (el mundo pastoril constituye un trasunto del universo aulico).

Over the last decades, the role of the IT department within an organization has gradually gained importance. Technology has permeated all areas within organizations and nowadays is the cornerstone of almost all business processes. Thus, business-IT alignment (BITA) is considered an essential success factor for almost any organization. Consequently, the evaluation and improvement of this alignment have been a growing concern among researchers and organizations. This study assessed the BITA maturity in a Colombian university, applying Luftman’s SAM (Strategic Alignment Maturity) model. The conducted assessment collected, analyzed, and contrasted perceptions of business and IT personnel. Similarly, we investigated the personnel’s perceptions at the strategic, functional, and operational levels regarding the SAM factors. Furthermore, we compared our results with other BITA assessments in educational institutions, Latin American organizations, and worldwide results. Finally, we drew some conclusions that can be useful for practitioners who seek to apply Luftman’s assessment.

This article analyzes the traffic stop–to-deportation pipeline in New York State, how it harms children of immigrants, and how New York’s Greenlight Law seeks to disrupt it but has been hobbled by an implementation gap. It first establishes the phenomenon of the traffic stop–to-deportation pipeline by documenting how traffic stops are a key cause of deportations in New York State. Second, it analyzes how the pipeline harms (mostly US citizen) children of undocumented immigrants in New York State, who are more than 7 percent (more than 300,000) of New York State’s children. The pipeline makes these children fear and mistrust the police; harms their educational, social, and brain development; and consumes family income with the Mexican driver tax (costs incurred because parents could not get a driver’s license). Third, the article analyzes how the Greenlight Law should help remedy these harms, and how an implementation gap leaves many parents and children vulnerable to the pipeline. The implementation gap is partly due to the pandemic, but also driven by political and other factors that could be addressed by policy. Finally, the article analyzes how variation in implementing the Greenlight Law could leave the pipeline undisrupted and lead to unequal protection of the law by place in New York State. The article makes policy recommendations for stronger enactment to reduce the pipeline’s harms.

Background and aim Headache attributed to intracranial endovascular procedures is described in the ICHD-3. Our aim was to study the frequency and characteristics of headache specifically related to thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods Prospective evaluation of clinical features of headache after thrombectomy using an ad hoc questionnaire. Results One hundred seventeen patients were included (52.1% females). Most had an anterior circulation artery occlusion (91.5%). 93 (79.5%) received general anaesthesia. 111 (94.9%) required stent retriever, 21 (24.4%) angioplasty and 19 (16.2%) aspiration thrombectomy. 31 (26.5%; 95% CI 18.8–35.5%) had headache related to thrombectomy, and it was associated with a history of primary headache (p = 0.004). No differences about sex, initial NIHSS score, or the type or complexity of the procedure were observed. Headache was usually moderate and oppressive, ipsilateral to the artery occlusion and usually lasted less than 48 hours. Conclusions Almost one-third of patients with ischemic stroke who undergo endovascular thrombectomy experience headache in the first 24 hours, occurring more frequently in patients who had a previous history of headaches regardless of the procedure complexity.

La investigación presenta una reflexión sobre los desafíos de las MiPYMES colombianas durante la pandemia del Covid-19. Para el análisis se adoptó el enfoque de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial como una cuestión de negocio, bussiness case, y la racionalidad estratégica implícita. De tipo cualitativo, descriptivo, se empleó en el estudio una metodología basada en la revisión bibliográfica con el uso de categorías teóricas a las cuales se adaptó el análisis empírico inductivo. Los resultados mostraron prácticas innovadoras avanzadas en parte de las MiPYMES colombianas que se correlacionan con buenos resultados en el desempeño para la satisfacción de los stakeholders.

La colelitiasis es una patología la cual se caracteriza por la formación de cálculos en la vesícula, ocasionando manifestaciones clínicas en el paciente, o en otras ocasiones puede pasar por desapercibida, pero es deber del médico reconocer este tipo de patologías para controlarla y brindar al paciente un tratamiento adecuado, acorde a los síntomas que refiera. Se ha encontrado ciertos parámetros o factores de riesgo que incrementa la posibilidad de desarrollar colelitiasis, uno de los aspectos que se encuentra involucrado es la edad, la cual varía entre los 20 a 60 años, existen también factores modificables que incrementan su prevalencia como el sobrepeso, obesidad, alimentación con alto consumo de carbohidratos y colesterol, medio ambiente e incluso factores socioeconómicos.

Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre o papel do audiovisual na interpretação ambiental de parques nacionais na série de TV e web Parques do Brasil, relacionando-a com a construção de narrativas sobre os sistemas ecológicos, a biodiversidade e os serviços ecossistêmicos das unidades de conservação federais brasileiras. A pesquisa aponta que a utilização de diferentes técnicas audiovisuais pode contribuir de maneira relevante para a interpretação ambiental, além de proporcionar novas ferramentas metodológicas para processos participativos, educativos e de pesquisas diversos.

Reseña de: La larga marcha hacia la regulación de calidad en publicidad oficial en México. Jacqueline Peschard (Coord.). México, UNAM, 2019, 120 pp.

Fans’ consumption intentions towards their favourite teams’ products and services are essential outcome variables for sport federations and clubs. However, the factors that could affect these outco...

Hemifacial microsomia is the second most frequent pathology in craniofacial malformations. Clinical findings are broad, mainly affecting the mandible. Several classifications of mandibular compromise exist that guide the best treatment option in each patient. The authors present a case of an unusual complication following fibular free flap mandibular reconstruction in a patient with hemifacial microsomia prada type IV, who presented with ankylosis at the skull base and simultaneous fibula pseudoarthrosis at the union with the residual mandible. These dual findings allowed the patient to have a functional mouth aperture, which give us time to let him grow and wait for final management. Treatment options and follow up are discussed, knowing that there is no literature to support any protocol with this patient, so we present his evolution.

This paper is focused on Lee-Carter Model and Functional Data Model, both of which were de veloped in the field of Statistics. These models are applied in order to carry out the projection of mortality and life expectancies at birth on three departments of the province of Córdoba (Argen tina) from 2020 to 2040. The strengths and weakness of said models are also analyzed. In order to do that, data from Vital Statistics and National Census in Argentina were used. Moreover, there is reference to the relationship between Demography and Statistics as well.

Study Design: Free fibula flaps are nowadays the gold standard for the surgical reconstruction on large mandibular defects. Malocclusion is an important complication of this type of reconstruction and many of these patients end up requiring subsequent orthognathic corrective surgery. This is a descriptive retrospective case series study. Objective: To describe the demographic data, operative techniques, corrective methods and postoperative results in the management of malocclusion following mandibular reconstruction with free fibula flap. Methods: This case series study included patients who underwent free fibula flap mandibular reconstructions and who that subsequently developed malocclusion requiring orthognathic corrective surgery, from June 2010 to December 2019. Panoramic X-rays, cephalometries and/or 3-D facial reconstruction CT scans were used for surgical planning to create surgical cutting guides, templates and occlusal splints in all the patients that underwent corrective orthognathic surgery. Results: There were 46 patients who underwent a free fibula flap mandibular and maxillary reconstruction at San Jose Hospital between June 2010 and December 2019 of these, 5 patients (10.9%) developed postoperative malocclusion. One case from another institution was added to this study for a total of 6 patients with malocclusion following mandibular reconstruction surgery with a fibula free flap. During the orthognathic surgery, vertical osteotomies were performed in 3 patients and bilateral sagittal split osteotomies were necessary in 2 patients and L-shape in 1 patient. Osteogenic distraction was performed in 3 patients as part of their orthognathic treatment. The fixation methods were based in miniplates for 3 of the patients and lag screws for the remaining 3 patients. With this approach, all patients had an adequate occlusion correction with a 100% consolidation at their 6-month follow up. Conclusion: Malocclusion is a significant complication following mandibular reconstruction surgery that must be identified and managed. In severe cases, it requires corrective orthognathic surgery in severe cases. We have developed a protocol to avoid pitfalls during the primary reconstruction and in case an orthognathic surgery is required for malocclusion correction, preoperative planning with cutting guides and occlusal splints should be assessed, to guarantee favorable results through a reproducible technique.

Los Estados Latinoamericanos, herederos tradicionales del sistema de gobierno presidencial, con ciertas combinaciones de figuras propias de sistemas parlamentarios, incorporan enunciados normativos dedivisión de poderes, aparente en algunos casos. Las reformas constitucionales de los últimos años refuerzan las capacidades de acción y decisión del ejecutivo, como medida encaminada a superar las crisis democráticas e inestabilidad de los regímenes políticos. Las constituciones ecuatorianas de 1998 y 2008 incorporan un vasto reconocimiento de derechos y sus garantías, además, atribuyen amplias competencias a la Función Ejecutiva, en detrimento de la Función Legislativa. El sutil diseño institucional previsto en laConstitución ecuatoriana de 2008 se orienta a consolidar un sistema hiperpresidencial, concentrador del poder político. Este artículo pretende: (i) reflexionar sobre el sistema de gobierno presidencial entiempos de pandemia; (ii) evidenciar que la Constitución ecuatoriana del 2008, desbordalas características esenciales del sistema de gobierno presidencial; y (iii) proponer medidas para prevenir la preocupante crisis moral aflorada en tiempos de pandemia.

En este artículo se revisaron cuatro de las enfermedades autoinmunes más prevalentes en México. Nos enfocamos especialmente en la actividad del sistema inmune (linfocitos T y B) para entender cómo una alteración da lugar a una cascada de reacciones auto-lesivas para el individuo. Asimismo, damos una gran relevancia a la Enfermedad de Parkinson donde recientemente se ha encontrado un componente autoinmune.

Ao produzir uma série de TV sobre a biodiversidade nos parques nacionais brasileiros, a equipe coordenadora do projeto faz uma reflexão a partir das experiências vivenciadas em campo e da história ambiental do Brasil, apresentando subsídios para o desenvolvimento de uma economia mais sustentável, que promova também a saúde e a qualidade de vida, através da implementação de unidades de conservação e do uso indireto de seus recursos naturais.

Los exámenes de reválida se utilizan para confirmar que cada profesional posea los conocimientos mínimos necesarios. Son un filtro, donde quienes aprueban son reconocidos por el Estado como profesionales autorizados (Cruz, 2016). Muchos aspirantes fracasan repetidamente, aún repasando. Se presume esto se debe a falta de suficiente conocimiento de su disciplina. Se ha observado que algunos repiten muchas respuestas erróneas. Esto indica una segunda posibilidad, aprendizaje equivocado. Estudios indican que la repetición de repuestas erróneas puede ser hasta de 68 por ciento de todas las respuestas (Feinberg, Raymond & Haist, 2015). Para evaluar este fenómeno en Puerto Rico, examinamos las tendencias de respuestas en dos administraciones de la misma versión de reválida para dos carreras cortas (salud y maquinaria). Utilizamos funciones de análisis estadísticos en Excel (pruebas lógicas y operadores de comparación). Los resultados indican que el tipo de respuesta más frecuente fue cambiar de incorrecto a correcto y la segunda respuesta más frecuente fue cometer el mismo error seleccionando la misma alternativa incorrecta. Esto pudiera explicarse con teoría de aprendizaje de doble lazo de Argyris. Por otro lado, los del campo de la salud mejoraron su puntuación al repetir su examen, pero los de maquinaria obtuvieron puntuaciones más bajas.