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1. Volatile trace metals deposited in ice as soluble volcanic aerosols during the 17.7.ka eruptions of Mt Takahe, West Antarctic Rift

Author

Mason, E, Edmonds, M, McConnell, Edmonds, Marie [0000-0003-1243-137X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
volatile metals, stratosphere, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, degassing, volcanic, ice core
Abstract

Peer reviewed: True, Acknowledgements: ME acknowledges UKRI funding through the NERC grant V-Plus NE/S00436X/1., Volatile metals are emitted at significant rates as gases and particulates from volcanoes, although their speciation, bioreactivity and longevity during atmospheric transport are essentially unknown. Ice cores provide detailed yet largely unexplored long-term records of volcanogenic volatile metals in air and precipitation. Here we evaluate the source and speciation of volatile metals (cadmium, lead, bismuth, and thallium) in Antarctic ice cores from the massive, halogen-rich and sulfur-poor ∼17.7 ka eruptions of Mt. Takahe, West Antarctic Rift. We show that these volatile, chalcophile metals were transported to the ice core as soluble aerosol, derived from magma degassing, in contrast to lithophile elements in the ice core that were transported as silicate ash. We use correlation analysis and chemical speciation modelling of the chlorine-rich volcanic plume to show that the volcanic metals cadmium, lead and bismuth were likely transported as water-soluble chloride aerosols in the atmosphere before they were scavenged from the plume by ice, water or ash and deposited onto the ice within 400 km of the vent. Our findings show that as well as recording trace metals sourced from much more distal regions, ice cores from Antarctica also record clear signatures of regional continental volcanism in the form of chloride aerosol.

Published
2022
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2. Explosive Activity on Kīlauea's Lower East Rift Zone Fueled by a Volatile-Rich, Dacitic Melt

Author

Wieser, PE, Edmonds, M, Gansecki, C, Maclennan, J, Jenner, FE, Kunz, B, Antoshechkina, P, Trusdell, F, Lee, RL, Eimf, Wieser, PE [0000-0002-1070-8323], Edmonds, M [0000-0003-1243-137X], Gansecki, C [0000-0001-5581-9097], Maclennan, J [0000-0001-6857-9600], Antoshechkina, P [0000-0002-3358-5186], Eimf [0000-0001-6248-6657], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
strombolian, melt inclusions, dacites, magma storage, volatile solubility
Abstract

Magmas with matrix glass compositions ranging from basalt to dacite erupted from a series of 24 fissures in the first 2 weeks of the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea Volcano. Eruption styles ranged from low spattering and fountaining to strombolian activity. Major element trajectories in matrix glasses and melt inclusions hosted by olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase are consistent with variable amounts of fractional crystallization, with incompatible elements (e.g., Cl, F, and H2O) becoming enriched by 4–5 times as melt MgO contents evolve from 6 to 0.5 wt%. The high viscosity and high H2O contents (∼2 wt%) of the dacitic melts erupting at Fissure 17 account for the explosive Strombolian behavior exhibited by this fissure, in contrast to the low fountaining and spattering observed at fissures erupting basaltic to basaltic‐andesite melts. Saturation pressures calculated from melt inclusion CO2‐H2O contents indicate that the magma reservoir(s) supplying these fissures was located at ∼2–3 km depth, which is in agreement with the depth of a dacitic magma body intercepted during drilling in 2005 (∼2.5 km) and a seismically imaged low Vp/Vs anomaly (∼2 km depth). Nb/Y ratios in erupted products are similar to lavas erupted between 1955 and 1960, indicating that melts were stored and underwent variable amounts of crystallization in the LERZ for >60 years before being remobilized by a dike intrusion in 2018. We demonstrate that extensive fractional crystallization generates viscous and volatile‐rich magma with potential for hazardous explosive eruptions, which may be lurking undetected at many ocean island volcanoes.

Published
2022
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3. Guidance for the Management of Patients with Vascular Disease or Cardiovascular Risk Factors and COVID-19: Position Paper from VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine

Author

Gerotziafas G. T., Catalano M., Colgan M. -P., Pecsvarady Z., Wautrecht J. C., Fazeli B., Olinic D. -M., Farkas K., Elalamy I., Falanga A., Fareed J., Papageorgiou C., Arellano R. S., Agathagelou P., Antic D., Auad L., Banfic L., Bartolomew J. R., Benczur B., Bernardo M. B., Boccardo F., Cifkova R., Cosmi B., De Marchi S., Dimakakos E., Dimopoulos M. A., Dimitrov G., Durand-Zaleski I., Edmonds M., El Nazar E. A., Erer D., Esponda O. L., Gresele P., Gschwandtner M., Gu Y., Heinzmann M., Hamburg N. M., Hamade A., Jatoi N. -A., Karahan O., Karetova D., Karplus T., Klein-Weigel P., Kolossvary E., Kozak M., Lefkou E., Lessiani G., Liew A., Marcoccia A., Marshang P., Marakomichelakis G., Matuska J., Moraglia L., Pillon S., Poredos P., Prior M., Salvador D. R. K., Schlager O., Schernthaner G., Sieron A., Spaak J., Spyropoulos A., Sprynger M., Suput D., Stanek A., Stvrtinova V., Szuba A., Tafur A., Vandreden P., Vardas P. E., Vasic D., Vikkula M., Wennberg P., Zhai Z., Bikdeli B., Guo Y., Harenberg J., Hu Y., Lip G. Y. H., Roldan V., Gerotziafas, G, Catalano, M, Colgan, M, Pecsvarady, Z, Wautrecht, J, Fazeli, B, Olinic, D, Farkas, K, Elalamy, I, Falanga, A, Fareed, J, Papageorgiou, C, Arellano, R, Agathagelou, P, Antic, D, Auad, L, Banfic, L, Bartolomew, J, Benczur, B, Bernardo, M, Boccardo, F, Cifkova, R, Cosmi, B, De Marchi, S, Dimakakos, E, Dimopoulos, M, Dimitrov, G, Durand-Zaleski, I, Edmonds, M, El Nazar, E, Erer, D, Esponda, O, Gresele, P, Gschwandtner, M, Gu, Y, Heinzmann, M, Hamburg, N, Hamade, A, Jatoi, N, Karahan, O, Karetova, D, Karplus, T, Klein-Weigel, P, Kolossvary, E, Kozak, M, Lefkou, E, Lessiani, G, Liew, A, Marcoccia, A, Marshang, P, Marakomichelakis, G, Matuska, J, Moraglia, L, Pillon, S, Poredos, P, Prior, M, Salvador, D, Schlager, O, Schernthaner, G, Sieron, A, Spaak, J, Spyropoulos, A, Sprynger, M, Suput, D, Stanek, A, Stvrtinova, V, Szuba, A, Tafur, A, Vandreden, P, Vardas, P, Vasic, D, Vikkula, M, Wennberg, P, Zhai, Z, Bikdeli, B, Guo, Y, Harenberg, J, Hu, Y, Lip, G, Roldan, V, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Trinity College Dublin, Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Gerotziafas G.T., Catalano M., Colgan M.-P., Pecsvarady Z., Wautrecht J.C., Fazeli B., Olinic D.-M., Farkas K., Elalamy I., Falanga A., Fareed J., Papageorgiou C., Arellano R.S., Agathagelou P., Antic D., Auad L., Banfic L., Bartolomew J.R., Benczur B., Bernardo M.B., Boccardo F., Cifkova R., Cosmi B., De Marchi S., Dimakakos E., Dimopoulos M.A., Dimitrov G., Durand-Zaleski I., Edmonds M., El Nazar E.A., Erer D., Esponda O.L., Gresele P., Gschwandtner M., Gu Y., Heinzmann M., Hamburg N.M., Hamade A., Jatoi N.-A., Karahan O., Karetova D., Karplus T., Klein-Weigel P., Kolossvary E., Kozak M., Lefkou E., Lessiani G., Liew A., Marcoccia A., Marshang P., Marakomichelakis G., Matuska J., Moraglia L., Pillon S., Poredos P., Prior M., Salvador D.R.K., Schlager O., Schernthaner G., Sieron A., Spaak J., Spyropoulos A., Sprynger M., Suput D., Stanek A., Stvrtinova V., Szuba A., Tafur A., Vandreden P., Vardas P.E., Vasic D., Vikkula M., Wennberg P., Zhai Z., Bikdeli B., Guo Y., Harenberg J., Hu Y., Lip G.Y.H., Roldan V., and UCL - SSS/DDUV/GEHU - Génétique

Subjects
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, antithrombotic, antiplatelet, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Rivaroxaban, Risk Factors, cardiovascular disease, Thrombophilia, 030212 general & internal medicine, antiplatelets, low-molecular-weight heparin, Societies, Medical, Low-Molecular-Weight, Hematology, 3. Good health, Europe, Cardiovascular Diseases, Thrombosi, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Position Paper, Risk assessment, medicine.drug, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, anticoagulants, medicine.drug_class, DOAC, Cardiology, Low molecular weight heparin, peripheral artery disease, deep vein thrombosis, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Medical, medicine, Humans, COVID-19 - cardiovascular disease - peripheral artery disease - deep vein thrombosis - antithrombotic - antiplatelets - anticoagulants - low-molecular-weight heparin - DOAC, Intensive care medicine, Contraindication, Angiology, Inflammation, Vascular disease, business.industry, Heparin, SARS-CoV-2, Risk Factor, anticoagulant, deep vein thrombosi, COVID-19, Thrombosis, Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight, medicine.disease, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, chemistry, Betrixaban, business, Societies
Abstract

COVID-19 is also manifested with hypercoagulability, pulmonary intravascular coagulation, microangiopathy, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thrombosis. Predisposing risk factors to severe COVID-19 are male sex, underlying cardiovascular disease, or cardiovascular risk factors including noncontrolled diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension, obesity, and advanced age. The VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine draws attention to patients with vascular disease (VD) and presents an integral strategy for the management of patients with VD or cardiovascular risk factors (VD-CVR) and COVID-19. VAS recommends (1) a COVID-19-oriented primary health care network for patients with VD-CVR for identification of patients with VD-CVR in the community and patients' education for disease symptoms, use of eHealth technology, adherence to the antithrombotic and vascular regulating treatments, and (2) close medical follow-up for efficacious control of VD progression and prompt application of physical and social distancing measures in case of new epidemic waves. For patients with VD-CVR who receive home treatment for COVID-19, VAS recommends assessment for (1) disease worsening risk and prioritized hospitalization of those at high risk and (2) VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for those at high risk. For hospitalized patients with VD-CVR and COVID-19, VAS recommends (1) routine thromboprophylaxis with weight-adjusted intermediate doses of LMWH (unless contraindication); (2) LMWH as the drug of choice over unfractionated heparin or direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of VTE or hypercoagulability; (3) careful evaluation of the risk for disease worsening and prompt application of targeted antiviral or convalescence treatments; (4) monitoring of D-dimer for optimization of the antithrombotic treatment; and (5) evaluation of the risk of VTE before hospital discharge using the IMPROVE-D-dimer score and prolonged post-discharge thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or LMWH.

Published
2020

4. Reconstructing Magma Storage Depths for the 2018 Kı̄lauean Eruption From Melt Inclusion CO2 Contents: The Importance of Vapor Bubbles

Author

Wieser, PE, Lamadrid, H, Maclennan, J, Edmonds, M, Matthews, S, Iacovino, K, Jenner, FE, Gansecki, C, Trusdell, F, Lee, RL, Ilyinskaya, E, Wieser, PE [0000-0002-1070-8323], Lamadrid, H [0000-0002-0903-7382], Maclennan, J [0000-0001-6857-9600], Edmonds, M [0000-0003-1243-137X], Iacovino, K [0000-0002-2461-7748], Gansecki, C [0000-0001-5581-9097], Ilyinskaya, E [0000-0002-3663-9506], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Raman Spectroscopy, Magma storage depths, Melt Inclusions, K&#299, Ocean Island Volcanism, lauea Volcano, Petrology
Abstract

The 2018 lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and the accompanying collapse of the summit caldera marked the most destructive episode of activity at Kīlauea Volcano in the last 200 years. The eruption was extremely well-monitored, with extensive real-time lava sampling as well as continuous geodetic data capturing the caldera collapse. This multi-parameter dataset provides an exceptional opportunity to determine the reservoir geometry and magma transport paths supplying Kīlauea’s LERZ. The forsterite contents of olivine crystals, together with the degree of major element disequilibrium with carrier melts, indicates that two distinct crystal populations were erupted from Fissure 8 (termed High- and Low-Fo). Melt inclusion entrapment pressures reveal that Low-Fo olivines (close to equilibrium with their carrier melts) crystallized within the Halema’uma’u reservoir (~2 km depth), while many High-Fo olivines (>Fo81.5; far from equilibrium with their carrier melts) crystallized within the South Caldera reservoir (~3--5 km depth). Melt inclusions in High-Fo olivines experienced extensive post-entrapment crystallization following their incorporation into cooler, more evolved melts. This favoured the growth of a CO2-rich vapor bubble, containing up to 99% of the total melt inclusion CO2 budget (median=93%). If this CO2-rich bubble is not accounted for, entrapment depths are significantly underestimated. Conversely, reconstructions using equation of state methods rather than direct measurements of vapor bubbles overestimate entrapment depths. Overall, we show that direct measurements of melts and vapor bubbles by SIMS and Raman Spectroscopy, combined with a suitable H2O-CO2 solubility model, is a powerful tool to identify the magma storage reservoirs supplying volcanic eruptions.

Published
2021

6. Chalcophile elements track the fate of sulfur at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i

Author

Wieser, PE, Jenner, F, Edmonds, M, Maclennan, J, Kunz, BE, Wieser, Penelope [0000-0002-1070-8323], Edmonds, Marie [0000-0003-1243-137X], Maclennan, John [0000-0001-6857-9600], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Mantle melting, Degassing, Sulfide saturation, Melt inclusions, Kilauea Volcano, Chalcophile elements, Sulfur
Abstract

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Chalcophile element concentrations in melt inclusions and matrix glasses may be used to investigate low pressure degassing processes, as well as sulfide saturation during crustal fractionation, and mantle melting. Erupted products from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, record three stages of sulfide saturation (in the mantle, crust, and within lava lakes), separated by episodes of sulfide resorption (i.e., sulfide undersaturation) during ascent through the thick Hawaiian lithosphere, and during syn-eruptive degassing. The presence of residual sulfides in the mantle source throughout the melting interval accounts for the high S concentrations of Kīlauean primary melts (1387–1600 ppm). Residual sulfides retain chalcophile elements during melting, decoupling the variability of these elements in high MgO melts from that of lithophile elements. Decompression associated with magma ascent through the thick Hawaiian lithosphere drives an increase in the sulfide concentration at sulfide saturation (SCSS2−), resulting in shallow storage reservoirs (∼1–5 km depth) being supplied with sulfide-undersaturated melts. A drop in temperature, coupled with major element changes during the fractionation of olivine, causes the SCSS2− to decrease. Combined with an increase in melt S contents during fractionation, this initiates a second stage of sulfide saturation at relatively high MgO contents (∼12 wt%). Syn-eruptive degassing of S drives the resorption of sulfides in contact with the carrier liquid. The covariance structure of Cu, MgO and Ni contents in melt inclusions and matrix glasses indicates that the dissolution of sulfides effectively liberates sulfide-hosted Cu and Ni back into the melt, rather than the vapour phase. The contrasting behaviour of Cu, Ni, Se and S during sulfide resorption indicates that the chalcophile element signature of the Kīlauean plume is largely controlled by silicate melt-vapour partitioning, rather than sulfide-vapour partitioning. The participation of dense sulfide liquids in shallow degassing processes may result from their direct attachment to buoyant vapour bubbles, or olivine crystals which were remobilized prior to eruption. Sulfide resorption obscures the textural and chemical record of sulfide saturation in matrix glasses, but not in melt inclusions, which are isolated from this late-stage release of chalcophile elements. The partitioning of S between the dissolving sulfide, melt and the vapour phase accounts for approximately 20% of the total S release into the atmosphere.

Published
2020
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7. Spatial and Temporal Variations in SO2 and PM2.5 Levels Around Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i During 2007–2018

Author

Whitty, RCW, Ilyinskaya, E, Mason, E, Wieser, PE, Liu, EJ, Schmidt, A, Roberts, T, Pfeffer, MA, Brooks, B, Mather, TA, Edmonds, M, Elias, T, Schneider, DJ, Oppenheimer, C, Dybwad, A, Nadeau, PA, Kern, C, Mason, Emily [0000-0002-7050-6475], Wieser, Penelope [0000-0002-1070-8323], Schmidt, Anja [0000-0001-8759-2843], Edmonds, Marie [0000-0003-1243-137X], Oppenheimer, Clive [0000-0003-4506-7260], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
volcano, Kilauea, emissions, PM2, SO2, Hawai'i, air quality
Abstract

Among the hazards posed by volcanoes are the emissions of gases and particles that can affect air quality and damage agriculture and infrastructure. A recent intense episode of volcanic degassing associated with severe impacts on air quality accompanied the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of K¯ılauea volcano, Hawai‘i. This resulted in a major increase in gas emission rates with respect to usual emission values for this volcano, along with a shift in the source of the dominant plume to a populated area in the lower flank of the volcano. This led to reduced air quality in downwind communities. We analyse open-access data from the permanent air quality monitoring networks operated by the Hawai‘i Department of Health (HDOH) and National Park Service (NPS), and report on measurements of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) between 2007 - 2018 and PM2.5 (aerosol particulate matter with diameter

Published
2020

8. Magmatic carbon outgassing and uptake of CO2 by alkaline waters

Author

Edmonds, M, Tutolo, B, Iacovino, K, Moussallam, Y, Edmonds, Marie [0000-0003-1243-137X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Deep carbon cycle, silicate melts, anthropogenic carbon, Earth in Five Reactions: A Deep Carbon Perspective, alkaline lakes, CO2 degassing
Abstract

Much of Earth's carbon resides in the “deep” realms of our planet: sediments, crust, mantle, and core. The interaction of these deep reservoirs of carbon with the surface reservoir (atmosphere and oceans) leads to a habitable surface environment, with an equitable atmospheric composition and comfortable range in temperature that together have allowed life to proliferate. The Earth in Five Reactions project (part of the Deep Carbon Observatory program) identified the most important carbon-bearing reactions of our planet, defined as those which perhaps make our planet unique among those in our Solar System, to highlight and review how the deep and surface carbon cycles connect. Here we review the important reactions that control the concentration of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere: outgassing from magmas during volcanic eruptions and during magmatic activity; and uptake of CO2 by alkaline surface waters. We describe the state of our knowledge about these reactions and their controls, the extent to which we understand the mass budgets of carbon that are mediated by these reactions, and finally, the implications of these reactions for understanding present-day climate change that is driven by anthropogenic emission of CO2.

Published
2020

9. Multi-year satellite observations of sulfur dioxide gas emissions and lava extrusion at bagana volcano, papua new guinea

Author

McCormick Kilbride, BT, Mulina, K, Wadge, G, Johnson, RW, Itikarai, I, Edmonds, M, McCormick Kilbride, Brendan [0000-0002-1647-6447], Edmonds, Marie [0000-0003-1243-137X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
satellite remote sensing, MODIS, Bagana volcano, OMI, sulfur dioxide, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, lava extrusion
Abstract

Bagana, arguably the most active volcano in Papua New Guinea, has been in a state of near-continuous eruption for over 150 years, with activity dominated by sluggish extrusion of thick blocky lava flows. If current extrusion rates are representative, the entire edifice may have been constructed in only 300–500 years. Bagana exhibits a remarkably high gas flux to the atmosphere, with persistent sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions of several thousand tons per day. This combination of apparent youth and high outgassing fluxes is considered unusual among persistently active volcanoes worldwide. We have used satellite observations of SO2 emissions and thermal infrared radiant flux to explore the coupling of lava extrusion and gas emission at Bagana. The highest gas emissions (up to 10 kt/day) occur during co-extrusive intervals, suggesting a degree of coupling between lava and gas, but gas emissions remain relatively high (~2,500 t/d) during inter-eruptive pauses. These passive emissions, which clearly persist for decades if not centuries, require a large volume of degassing but non-erupting magma beneath the volcano with a substantial exsolved volatile phase to feed the remarkable SO2 outgassing: an additional ~1.7–2 km3 basaltic andesite would be required to supply the excess SO2 emissions we observe in our study interval (2005 to present). That this volatile phase can ascend freely to the surface under most conditions is likely to be key to Bagana's largely effusive style of activity, in contrast with other persistently active silicic volcanoes where explosive and effusive eruptive styles alternate.

Published
2019

11. Effects of Gamma Irradiation on the Molecular and Physical Detection Properties of Bacillus Spores

Author

Jason Edmonds M, Tara Harvey, and Courtney E Love

Subjects
Analyte, biology, Chemistry, Bacillus thuringiensis, fungi, Bacillus, Irradiation, Food science, Viability assay, biology.organism_classification, Fluorescence, Spore, Gamma irradiation
Abstract

Gamma irradiation is a technique for inactivation of biological warfare agents (BWAs). Detection of these irradiated agents by sensor technologies may be affected,; altering sensitivity compared to that of non-irradiated organisms. Here for the first time, we aim to determine if spore morphology, or other physical or chemical properties beyond viability and PCR, is altered by the gamma irradiation process. This study analyzed common detection methods to determine the effects the irradiation process has on Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (Btk) spores compared to nonirradiated spores. Liquid concentrations of 108, 106, and 104 CFU ml-1 of Btk spores and one dry powder sample of 109 CFU g-1 were exposed to varying levels of gamma irradiation. Cell viability studies showed complete inactivation for all concentrations at doses of 5.43 kGy and higher. PCR analysis indicated no loss in sensitivity with increasing doses for both wet and dry spore samples. Visual inspection of the spores through scanning electron microscopy showed a change in morphology as the dosage of irradiation increased. With The inability to distinguish whole spores from cell debris occurred in at the 10.86 kGy samples level. Similarly, fluorescence readings remained stable among all but one dose with only the 10.86 kGy sample showing an increase in fluorescence. For PCR based detection methods, no bias towards irradiated versus non-irradiated spore samples exist while optical detection technologies are likely affected by the physical changes to spore morphology and rupturing. Results from this study demonstrate that gamma irradiation of Bacillus spores causes damage to the organism which may make them unrecognizable alter how they to are perceived by detection technologies. When using irradiated analyte to evaluate performance of detection technologies, the results may be impacted by the irradiation process.

Published
2018

12. Solid source growth of graphene with Ni-Cu catalysts: Towards high quality in situ graphene on silicon

Author

Mishra, N, Boeckl, JJ, Tadich, A, Jones, RT, Pigram, PJ, Edmonds, M, Fuhrer, MS, Nichols, BM, and Iacopi, F

Subjects
Applied Physics
Abstract

© 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd. We obtain a monolayer graphene on epitaxial silicon carbide on silicon substrates via solid source growth mediated by a thin Ni-Cu alloy. Raman spectroscopy consistently shows an ID/IG band ratio as low as ∼0.2, indicating that the graphene obtained through this method is to-date the best quality monolayer grown on epitaxial silicon carbide films on silicon. We describe the key steps behind the graphene synthesis on the basis of extensive physical, chemical and morphological analyses. We conclude that (1) the oxidation, amorphisation and silicidation of the silicon carbide surface mediated by the Ni, (2) the liquid-phase epitaxial growth of graphene as well as (3) the self-limiting graphitization provided the molten Cu catalyst, are key characteristics of this novel synthesis method.

Published
2017

13. Non-integrable dynamics of matter-wave solitons in a density-dependent gauge theory

Author

Dingwall, R. J., Edmonds, M. J., Helm, J. L., Malomed, B. A., and Öhberg, P.

Subjects
Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), FOS: Physical sciences, Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS), Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons
Abstract

We study interactions between bright matter-wave solitons which acquire chiral transport dynamics due to an optically-induced density-dependent gauge potential. Through numerical simulations, we find that the collision dynamics feature several non-integrable phenomena, from inelastic collisions including population transfer and radiation losses to short-lived bound states and soliton fission. An effective quasi-particle model for the interaction between the solitons is derived by means of a variational approximation, which demonstrates that the inelastic nature of the collision arises from a coupling of the gauge field to velocities of the solitons. In addition, we derive a set of interaction potentials which show that the influence of the gauge field appears as a short-range potential, that can give rise to both attractive and repulsive interactions., Comment: Updated with minor corrections and additional references. To be published in New J. Phys

Published
2017
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14. Rapid onset of mafic magmatism facilitated by volcanic edifice collapse

Author

Cassidy M., Watt S. F. L., Talling P. J., Palmer M. R., Edmonds M., Jutzeler M., Wall-Palmer D., Manga M., Coussens M., Gernon T., Taylor R. N., Michalik A., Inglis E., Breitkreuz C., Le Friant A., Ishizuka O., Boudon G., McCanta M. C., Adachi T., Hornbach M. J., Colas S. L., Endo D., Fujinawa A., and Kataoka K. S.

Abstract

©2015. The Authors. Volcanic edifice collapses generate some of Earth's largest landslides. How such unloading affects the magma storage systems is important for both hazard assessment and for determining long term controls on volcano growth and decay. Here we present a detailed stratigraphic and petrological analyses of volcanic landslide and eruption deposits offshore Montserrat in a subduction zone setting sampled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 340. A large (6 10km3) collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano at 130ka was followed by explosive basaltic volcanism and the formation of a new basaltic volcanic center the South Soufrière Hills estimated to have initiated

Published
2014
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15. Minor amputation does not negatively affect health-related quality of life as compared with conservative treatment in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer: An observational study

Author

Pickwell, K, Siersma, V, Kars, M, Apelqvist, J, Bakker, K, Edmonds, M, Holstein, P, Jirkovska, A, Jude, Eb, Mauricio, D, Piaggesi, A, Reike, H, Spraul, M, Uccioli, L, Urbancic, V, van Acker, K, van Baal, J, Schaper, N, Interne Geneeskunde, MUMC+: MA Endocrinologie (9), RS: CAPHRI - R2 - Creating Value-Based Health Care, and RS: CARIM - R3.02 - Hypertension and target organ damage

Subjects
Male, Health Status, EUROQOL EQ-5D, EURODIALE, Conservative Treatment, DISEASE, VALIDATION, Amputation, Surgical, Settore MED/13 - Endocrinologia, RESPONSIVENESS, PEOPLE, Surveys and Questionnaires, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Prospective Studies, Amputation, POPULATION, Euroqol 5D, Aged, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Diabetic Foot, RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS, health-related quality of life, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, RELIABILITY, minor amputation, Quality of Life, Female, LOWER-LIMB AMPUTATION, diabetic foot ulcer, Follow-Up Studies, Type 2
Abstract

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is poor in patients with persistent diabetic foot ulcers and poor HRQoL predicts worse outcomes in these patients. Amputation is often considered a treatment failure, which is why conservative treatment is generally preferred over amputation. However, it is unclear whether minor amputation negatively affects HRQoL compared with conservative treatment in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methods In the cohort of the multicenter, prospective, observational Eurodiale study, we determined difference in change of HRQoL measured by EQ-5D between patients with a diabetic foot ulcers that healed after conservative treatment (n = 676) and after minor amputation (n = 145). Propensity score was used to adjust for known confounders, attempting to overcome lack of randomization. Results Baseline HRQoL was not significantly different between patients treated conservatively and undergoing minor amputation. In addition, there was no difference in the change of HRQoL between these groups. In patients who healed 6 to 12 months after the first visit, HRQoL on the anxiety/depression subscale even appeared to improve more in those who underwent minor amputation. Conclusions Minor amputation was not associated with a negative impact on HRQoL in patients with a diabetic foot ulcers. It may therefore not be considered treatment failure in terms of HRQoL but rather a viable treatment option. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to further examine the influence of minor amputations on health-related quality of life.

Published
2016

16. Sensitivity of OMI SO2 measurements to variable eruptive behaviour at Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat

Author

Hayer, C.S., Wadge, G., Edmonds, M., and Christopher, T.

Subjects
Soufrière Hills Volcano, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, OMI, Volcanic plumes, sub-05, SO2
Abstract

Since 2004, the satellite-borne Ozone Mapping Instrument (OMI) has observed sulphur dioxide (SO2) plumes during both quiescence and effusive eruptive activity at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat. On average, OMI detected a SO2 plume 4–6 times more frequently during effusive periods than during quiescence in the 2008–2010 period. The increased ability of OMI to detect SO2 during eruptive periods is mainly due to an increase in plume altitude rather than a higher SO2 emission rate. Three styles of eruptive activity cause thermal lofting of gases (Vulcanian explosions; pyroclastic flows; a hot lava dome) and the resultant plume altitudes are estimated from observations and models. Most lofting plumes from Soufrière Hills are derived from hot domes and pyroclastic flows. Although Vulcanian explosions produced the largest plumes, some produced only negligible SO2 signals detected by OMI. OMI is most valuable for monitoring purposes at this volcano during periods of lava dome growth and during explosive activity.

Published
2016

17. Anomalous oscillations of dark solitons in trapped dipolar condensates

Author

Bland, T., Pawlowski, K., Edmonds, M. J., Rzazewski, K., and Parker, N. G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

Thanks to their immense purity and controllability, dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates are an exemplar for studying fundamental non-local nonlinear physics. Here we show that a family of fundamental nonlinear waves - the dark solitons - are supported in trapped quasi-one-dimensional dipolar condensates and within reach of current experiments. Remarkably, the oscillation frequency of the soliton is strongly dependent on the atomic interactions, in stark contrast to the non-dipolar case. The failure of a particle analogy, so successful for dark solitons in general, to account for this behaviour implies that these structures are inherently extended and non-particle-like. These highly-sensitive waves may act as mesoscopic probes of the underlying quantum matter field., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2016
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18. Exploring the Stability and Dynamics of Dipolar Matter-Wave Dark Solitons

Author

Edmonds, M. J., Bland, T., O'Dell, D. H. J., and Parker, N. G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons
Abstract

We study the stability, form and interaction of single and multiple dark solitons in quasi-one-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. The solitons are found numerically as stationary solutions in the moving frame of a non-local Gross Pitaevskii equation, and characterized as a function of the key experimental parameters, namely the ratio of the dipolar atomic interactions to the van der Waals interactions, the polarization angle and the condensate width. The solutions and their integrals of motion are strongly affected by the phonon and roton instabilities of the system. Dipolar matter-wave dark solitons propagate without dispersion, and collide elastically away from these instabilities, with the dipolar interactions contributing an additional repulsion or attraction to the soliton-soliton interaction. However, close to the instabilities, the collisions are weakly dissipative., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures

Published
2016
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19. The Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Risk of COPD Exacerbation in a Veteran Population

Author

David H. Au, Courtney C. Greene, Edmonds M. Udris, Katharine A. Bradley, Chris L. Bryson, Laura Evans, and David K. Blough

Subjects
Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Population, Binge drinking, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Cohort Studies, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Risk factor, education, Prospective cohort study, Veterans Affairs, Aged, Veterans, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, COPD, business.industry, Smoking, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Alcoholism, Socioeconomic Factors, Physical therapy, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background: Alcohol has been associated with COPD-related mortality but has not yet been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for COPD exacerbation. Our objective was to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and the subsequent risk of COPD exacerbation. Methods: A prospective cohort study of general medicine outpatients seen at one of seven Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers who returned health screening questionnaires. Three screening questionnaires, AUDIT-C (0 to 12 points), CAGE (0 to 4 points), and a single item about the frequency of drinking six or more drinks on an occasion (binge drinking), were used to classify alcohol consumption. The main outcome, COPD exacerbation, was based on primary VA discharge diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) or outpatient diagnosis of COPD accompanied by prescriptions for either antibiotics or prednisone within 2 days. Results: Among the 30,503 patients followed up for a median of 3.35 years, those patients with AUDIT-C scores > 6, CAGE scores > 2, or who reported binge drinking at least weekly were at an increased risk of COPD exacerbation in age-adjusted analysis. Adjusted hazard ratios were 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 1.7) for AUDIT-C score > 6, 1.4 (95% CI, 1.3 to 1.5) for CAGE score > 2, and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.2) for those who reported binge drinking daily or almost daily. However, with adjustment for measures of tobacco use, the association between alcohol consumption and increased risk of COPD exacerbation was no longer evident. Conclusions: Alcohol consumption, whether quantified by AUDIT-C, CAGE score, or binge drinking, was not associated with an increased risk of COPD exacerbation independent of tobacco use. (CHEST 2008; 134:761–767)

Published
2008

20. Characterization of mafic enclaves in the erupted products of Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, 2009 to 2010

Author

Plail, M., Barclay, J., Humphreys, M.C.S., Edmonds, M., Herd, R.A., Christopher, T.E., Wadge, G., Robertson, R.E.A., and Voight, B.

Abstract

Lavas from the current eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat exhibit evidence for magma mingling, related to the intrusion of mafic magma at depth. We present detailed field, petrological, textural and geochemical descriptions of mafic enclaves in andesite erupted during 2009-2010, and subdivide the enclaves into three distinct types. Type A are mafic, glassy with chilled margins and few inherited phenocrysts. Type B are more evolved with high inherited phenocryst contents and little glass, and are interpreted as significantly hybridised. Type C are composite, with a mafic interior (type A) and a hybrid exterior (type B). All enclaves define tight linear compositional trends, interpreted as mixing between a mafic end-member (type A) and host andesite. Enclave glasses are rhyolitic, owing to extensive crystallisation during quenching. Type A quench crystallisation is driven by rapid thermal equilibration during injection into the andesite. Conversely, type B enclaves form in a hybridised melt layer, which ponded near the base of the chamber and cooled more slowly. Vesiculation near the mafic-silicic interface resulted in disruption of the hybridised layer and the formation of the Type B enclaves. The composite enclaves represent an interface between types A and B, suggesting multiple episodes of mafic injection.

Published
2014
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21. Kinetic Model of Trapped Finite Temperature Binary Condensates

Author

Edmonds, M. J., Lee, K. L., and Proukakis, N. P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter::Other, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

We construct a fully self-consistent non-equilibrium theory for the dynamics of two interacting finite-temperature atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. The condensates are described by dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equations, coupled to quantum Boltzmann equations for the thermal atoms. The density-density interactions between atoms in different components facilitate a number of transport processes of relevance to sympathetic cooling: in particular, identification of an inter-component scattering process associated with collisional "exchange" of condensed and thermal atoms between the components, is found numerically to dominate close to equilibrium, for both realistic miscible and immiscible trapped atomic $^{87}$Rb-$^{41}$K and $^{87}$Rb-$^{85}$Rb condensate mixtures., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2014
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24. Poly(A) sequences in Naegleria messenger RNA before and after initiation of differentiation

Author

Nakazato H, Hickey C, Edmonds M, and Charles J. Walsh

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Messenger RNA, Naegleria gruberi, RNA, Nuclease protection assay, Cell Biology, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Biochemistry, chemistry, Cytoplasm, Polynucleotide, biology.protein, Nucleotide, Ribonuclease
Abstract

The ameboid stage of the amebo-flagellate Naegleria gruberi was found to synthesize two size classes of polynucleotides resistant to digestion with a mixture of ribonuclease A and T1. These two size classes were present in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Cells differentiating into flagellates were found to lose a variable amount of the smaller, nuclease-resistant fragment while synthesizing only the larger nuclease-resistant class. The adenosine to AMP ratio of the larger nuclease-resistant fragment was compatible with a 3′-terminal poly(A) sequence of 87 nucleotides average length. The smaller nuclease-resistant fragment was found to be rich in AMP (44–49%) but contained a substantial amount of other nucleotides. The smaller fragment was heterogeneous in size with an average length of 10–12 nucleotides as estimated by its elution from a DEAE column. Fractionation of RNA on oligo(dT) cellulose demonstrated that the large and small nuclease-resistant fragments were on different RNA molecules. Only the large poly(A) sequence was present in either cytoplasmic or nuclear RNA which bound to oligo(dT) cellulose. On the other hand, only the small nuclease resistant fragment was found in the unbound RNA from either nuclei or cytoplasm.

Published
1979

25. The HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) Study: The design of a large, simple randomized trial of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ramipril) and vitamin E in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events

Author

Mindlen, F., Nordaby, R., Ruiz, M., Zavala, A., Guzman, L., Martinez, F., Diaz, Rr, Mackey, C., Marino, M., Romero, G., Zapata, G., Cuneo, C., Kawamura, T., Coelho, O., Massayochi, O., Braga, J., Labrunie, A., Bodanese, L., Manenti, E., Vitola, D., Nicolau, J., Amodeo, C., Armaganijan, D., Bertolami, M., Caramelli, B., Carvalho, A., Cirenza, C., Fichino, M., Franken, R., Ghorayeb, N., Kadri, T., Leao, P., Malheiros, F., Pavanello, R., Ramires, F., Ramires, J., Savioli, F., Sousa, A., Tanajura, L., Topps, D., Korner, L., Martinez, V., Baptie, B., Basinger, M., Baylis, B., Beresford, P., Edwards, A., Giannaccaro, P., Groenewoud, Y., Grose, M., Kellen, J., Lam, S., Lesoway, R., Ma, P., Meldrum, D., Mitchell, D., Mitchell, Lb, Roth, D., Shumak, S., Simon, M., Stone, J., Warnica, W., Wyse, D., Neffgen, C., Neffgen, J., Armstrong, F., Armstrong, W., Bell, N., Black, W., Brass, N., Brenneis, F., Brownoff, R., Chaytors, G., Debanne, D., Derksen, C., Donoff, M., Dzavik, V., Goeres, M., Greenwood, P., Gulamhusein, S., Hui, W., Hutchison, K., Kasian, L., Kasza, L., Krikke, E., Kvill, L., Lakhani, Z., Linklater, D., Mackel, J., Martin, S., Montague, T., Moores, D., Musseau, A., Muzyka, T., Paradis, J., Prosser, A., Ryan, E., Senaratne, M., Stenerson, P., Talibi, T., Teo, K., Young, C., Zuk, V., White, R., Browne, K., Browne, M., Happel, K., Irving, A., Plesko, A., Donnelly, R., Radomsky, N., Felker, P., Larsen, D., Morse, J., Rowntree, C., Thompson, J., Wedel, R., Bloomberg, G., Chomin, G., Dahl, M., Leong, W., Moy, V., Heath, J., Marshall, J., Terwiel, M., Kenefick, G., Kuritzky, R., Stevens, K., Weddings, K., Barban, K., Imrie, J., Woo, K., Ashton, T., Calvert, K., Bishop, W., Sweeney, R., Breakwell, L., Kornder, J., Pearce, S., Polasek, P., Richardson, P., Ghosh, S., Rielly, M., Wagner, K., Bemstein, V., Dawson, K., Lee, P., Lewis, J., Macdonald, K., Mcgee, L., Thompson, C., Hilton, D., Illott, K., Klinke, P., Mcconnell, J., Rabkin, S., Ong, A., Ong, G., Bedard, D., Hoeschen, R., Mehta, P., Mohammad, I., Morris, A., Bessoudo, R., Dobbins, N., Mclellan, L., Milton, J., Davis, R., Okeefe, D., Smith, R., Joyce, C., Parsons, M., Skanes, J., Sussex, B., Tobini, M., Ravalia, M., Sherman, G., Worrall, G., Atkinson, A., Hatheway, R., Johnson, B., Barnhill, S., Bata, I., Cosseet, J., Johnstone, D., Macfarlane, M., Sheridan, W., Crossman, L., Folkins, D., Shirley, M., Machel, T., Morash, J., Gupta, M., Mayich, M., Vakani, T., Baitz, T., Macphee, E., Turton, E., Turton, M., Chan, N., Misterski, J., Raco, D., Curnew, G., Fallen, E., Finkelstein, L., Gerstein, H., Hardman, P., Lawand, S., Lonn, E., Magi, W., Mcqueen, M., Panju, A., Patterson, R., Sullivan, B., Sullivan, H., Sullivan, M., Taylor, K., Worron, I., Yusuf, S., Cameron, W., Noseworthy, C., Houlden, R., Lavalle, T., Fowlis, R., Janzen, I., Arnold, M., Cann, M., Carroll, S., Dumaresq, S., Edmonds, M., Furlong, P., Geddes, C., Graham, E., Harris, K., Hramiak, I., Kennedy, R., Kostuk, W., Krupa, M., Lent, B., Lovell, M., Maclean, C., Massel, D., Mcmanus, R., Mcsherry, J., Munoz, C., Occhipinti, J., Oosterveld, L., Pflugfelder, P., Powers, S., Southern, R., Spence, D., Squires, P., Wetmore, S., Willing, J., Wisenberg, G., Wolfe, B., Kannampuzha, P., Rebane, T., Sluzar, V., Hess, A., Chan, Y., Thomson, D., Baigrie, R., Dubbin, J., Liuni, C., Tan, Kw, Brankston, E., Hewson, P., Hrycyshyn, B., Kapusta, W., Knox, L., Lockner, C., Whitsitt, P., Baird, M., Conroy, D., Davies, Ra, Davies, Rf, Fraser, M., Hagar, S., Hierlihy, P., Keely, E., Khan, S., Lau, Dgw, Marois, L., Nemeth, K., Reeves, E., Turek, M., Vexler, R., Young, D., Kumar, G., Kuruvilla, G., Kuruvilla, P., Lowe, D., Kwok, K., Blakely, J., Styling, S., Bozek, B., Charles, J., Fell, D., Fell, Da, Goode, E., Grossman, Ld, Matthews, E., Nitkin, R., Ricci, J., Selby, A., Singh, N., Swan, J., Emmett, J., Weingert, M., Ganjavi, F., Hill, D., Nawaz, S., Hessian, R., Kwiatkowski, K., Lai, C., Mulaisho, C., Okeefe, H., Smith, H., Weeks, A., Andrews, J., Barnie, A., Drobac, M., Hacker, P., Hanna, A., Iwanochko, M., Kenshole, A., Langer, A., Liu, P., Maclean, S., Moe, G., Sasson, Z., Sternberg, L., Trachuk, C., Walters, J., Zinman, B., Cheung, M., Cina, C., Yao, L., Man, K., Fulop, J., Glanz, A., Sibbick, M., Carter, P., Hickey, J., Mcmillian, E., Dion, D., Sthilaire, R., Coutu, D., Damours, G., Starra, R., Brooks, J., Dechamps, P., Kiwan, G., Kouz, S., Laforest, M., Remillard, C., Bellamy, D., Brossoit, R., Carrier, S., Houde, A., Labonte, I., Belanger, A., Kandalaft, N., Quenneville, L., Sandi, M., Auger, P., Bilodeau, N., Delage, F., Dumont, F., Giroux, R., Loisel, R., Poirier, C., Saulnier, D., Carmichael, P., Lemay, C., Lenis, J., Arisjilwan, N., Bedard, H., Casavant, C., Chiasson, J., Dagenais, D., Fitchett, D., Gossard, D., Halle, H., Hamel, N., Joyal, M., Magnan, O., Methe, M., Pedneault, L., Pilon, C., Poisson, D., Primeau, L., Rondeau, C., Roy, C., Ruel, M., Serpa, A., Sestier, F., Smilovitch, M., Theroux, P., Beaudoin, J., Boudreault, Jr, D Amours, D., Douville, T., Giguere, G., Houde, G., Labbe, R., Lachance, S., Lessard, L., Mercier, G., Noel, Hp, Talbot, P., Tremblay, J., Karabatsos, A., Maclellan, K., Wilson, P., Bogaty, P., Laforge, D., Langlais, M., Leblanc, M., Samson, M., Turcotte, J., Campeau, J., Dupuis, R., Lauzon, C., Ouimet, F., Pruneau, G., Desmaris, C., Frechetto, I., Gervais, P., James Brophy, Leroux, S., Bester, S., Meunier, L., Sayeed, M., Hart, M., Moumne, I., Thomasse, G., Walker, J., Walker, M., Ahmed, S., Habib, Nm, Kuny, P., Lopez, J., Klein, W., Grisold, M., Heyndrickx, L., Fiasse, A., Degaute, Jp, Mockel, J., Duprez, D., Chaudron, Jm, Bodson, A., Krzentowski, G., Boland, J., Kolendorf, K., Winther, B., Juhl, H., Hamalainen, T., Siitonen, O., Gin, H., Rigalleau, V., Hensen, J., Riel, R., Oehmenbritsch, R., Schulzeschleppinghoff, B., Hopf, R., Moller, A., Rosak, C., Wetzel, H., Hasslacher, C., Martin, T., Stein, J., Erdmann, E., Bohm, M., Hartmann, D., Breidert, M., Fritzen, R., Scherbaum, W., Mann, J., Maus, J., Schroeder, C., Henrichs, H., Unger, H., Ickenstein, G., Kromer, E., Riegger, G., Schunkert, H., Basan, B., Hampel, R., Crean, P., Garadah, T., White, U., Marini, N., Paciaroni, E., Saccomano, G., Diluzio, S., Magnani, B., Mantovani, B., Pareschi, P., Stucchi, N., Nanni, D., Rusticali, F., Simoni, C., Brunelli, C., Caponnetto, S., Gatto, E., Mazzantini, A., Molinari, O., Morello, R., Degiorgio, L., Imparato, C., Barbaresi, F., Cotogni, A., Pasqualini, M., Frigeni, G., Landoni, M., Polese, A., Cernigoi, A., Merni, M., Tortul, C., Velussi, M., Aina, F., Cernigliaro, C., Dellavesa, P., Dejoannon, U., Pierfranceschi, G., Zavaroni, D., Emilia, R., Manicardi, E., Minelli, E., Penazzoli, F., Portioli, I., Rossi, E., Giani, P., Roccaforte, R., Casaccia, M., Larovere, R., Miglierina, E., Repetto, S., Centofante, P., Vincenzi, M., Nieuwenhuijzen, Ac, Sels, J., Wolffenbuttel, Bhr, Kip, J., Mantingh, L., Mulder, H., Vandoorn, Lg, Hjerkinn, E., Reikvam, A., Cardona, M., Sanz, G., Karoni, A., Bescos, Ll, Albert, X., Masia, R., Alvarez, A., Saenz, L., Astrom, L., Press, R., Sjostedt, P., Tabrizi, F., Bergbom, I., Hansson, P., Held, C., Kahan, T., Ryden, B., Andersson, O., Wysocki, M., Karlsson, E., Sartor, G., Smith, L., Katzman, P., Ljungdahl, L., Noren, P., Hallberg, A., Olsson, Po, Asbrink, S., Molgaard, J., Nilsson, V., Nystrom, F., Ohman, P., Andersson, C., Ekholm, L., Svensson, Ka, Torebo, E., Fagher, B., Svenstam, I., Thulin, T., Ericsson, Ub, Ahnberg, K., Henning, R., Jacobsson, L., Taghavi, A., Ahlstrom, P., Rosenqvist, U., Ericson, C., Gertow, O., Kristensson, Be, Stahl, L., Bergsten, L., Harden, R., Jagren, C., Leijd, B., Lennerhagen, P., Ostergrens, J., Sandstrom, V., Sundelin, R., Hagg, A., Morlin, C., Pettersson, F., Wanders, A., Bjorkman, H., Karlsson, G., Larsson, H., Lonndahl, Y., Weber, P., Cozzi, R., Gerber, P., Moccetti, T., Safwan, E., Sessa, F., Binder, T., Boman, P., Kiowski, W., Lehman, R., Lull, B., Spinas, G., Jamieson, A., Kennedy, Ja, Kesson, C., Gryczka, R., Parker, P., Sidiki, S., Small, M., Struthers, S., Manns, J., Smithurst, H., Begg, A., Fisher, Bm, Bedford, C., Heller, S., Marlow, S., Munoz, Ec, Garcia, Hh, Ruiz, Ro, Meaney, E., Flores, Mi, Brown, E., Perry, G., Patel, G., Sarma, R., Szlachcic, Y., Dorman, J., Singh, B., Bailey, G., Clegg, L., Horwitz, L., Leahy, J., Rashkow, A., Hudson, M., Miller, A., Umberger, J., Zoble, R., Orander, P., Sridharan, M., Defrancisco, G., Davidson, M., Islam, N., Mathew, J., Rajanahally, R., French, D., Wickemeyer, W., Effron, M., Goldstein, M., Utley, K., Pierpont, G., Weigenant, J., Farkouh, M., Kubly, V., Rich, M., Wisneski, L., Abrams, J., Garcia, D., Bonora, M., Kohn, R., Muffoletto, E., Brink, D., Lader, E., Singler, A., Pande, P., Powers, J., Hoogwerf, B., Moore, J., Yanak, F., Gupta, S., Williams, D., Danisa, K., Kirk, C., Wescott, B., Grover, J., Mackenzie, M., Amidi, M., Bell, M., Farmer, J., Kingry, C., Young, J., Harms, V., Kennedy, Jw, Letterer, R., Heller, C., and Mack, R.

27. Pictish Byre-houses at Pitcarmick and their landscape: Investigations 1993-5

Author

Carver, M., Barrett, J., Downes, J., Hooper, J., Sheridan, A., Hunter, F., Rowe, P., Hall, A., Edmonds, M., Hall, D., and Matilda Holmes

Subjects
Ecology, Insect Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

‘Pitcarmick-type’ houses were identified by the Royal Commission in north east Perthshire in 1988 and published in their survey of 1990. Long and narrow with rounded ends, they seemed to occur in a sequence between prehistoric roundhouses and medieval and post-medieval dwellings. They were therefore provisionally assigned to the later 1st millennium AD, a period associated in this region with the Picts. Excavations by John Barrett and Jane Downes at Pitcarmick (North) in 1993–5 defined the basic properties of two Pitcarmick-type houses and produced radiocarbon dates between the 8th and 11th centuries. A subsequent survey of the broader landscape by Janet Hooper offered a sequence of the main phases of occupation and their context. The Pitcarmick upland had been settled in the Bronze Age with circular stone-and-turf houses, thought to represent a series of self-supporting farmsteads using mixed farming and in touch with similar settlements in adjacent territory. Two thousand years later, Early Historic settlers inserted their dwellings into this relict landscape, also practising mixed stock and crop farming. In the Middle Ages, the land was settled by farmers who kept sheep and ploughed the earlier settlement areas. The post-medieval period is represented by a group of shielings on the eastern edge of the prehistoric and early medieval settlement area, where ploughing continued. These investigations are here brought to press by Martin Carver, supported by Historic Scotland and a team of specialists who examined the quartz, charcoal, animal bone and pottery and produced a tighter array of radiocarbon dates. This account proposes that the Bronze Age roundhouses are of conventional type, with a central hearth, entrances facing south-east, and roofs supported by a post-ring. The two Pictish buildings are defined as longhouses with byres (properly byre-houses), constructed with turf-and stone layered walls and timber roof-supports. Occupants sheltered round a hearth at the west end and animals were stalled either side of a paved drain at the east end. These houses are radiocarbon-dated to the period c AD 700–850. Both buildings had been reused between c AD 1000 and 1200 and both were subsequently flattened by later medieval and post-medieval ploughing, the effects of which severely inhibited subsequent interpretation. While Pictish in date and territorial affiliation, these longhouses exhibit strong links with preceding and contemporary practice across the North Sea. Their form currently stands in marked contrast both to their prehistoric predecessors and to contemporary neighbouring settlement in Britain.

29. Spatial and Temporal Variations in SO2 and PM2.5 Levels Around Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i During 2007–2018

Author

Whitty, RCW, Ilyinskaya, E, Mason, E, Wieser, PE, Liu, EJ, Schmidt, A, Roberts, T, Pfeffer, MA, Brooks, B, Mather, TA, Edmonds, M, Elias, T, Schneider, DJ, Oppenheimer, C, Dybwad, A, Nadeau, PA, and Kern, C

Subjects
volcano, 13. Climate action, Kilauea, emissions, PM2, SO2, Hawai'i, air quality
Abstract

Among the hazards posed by volcanoes are the emissions of gases and particles that can affect air quality and damage agriculture and infrastructure. A recent intense episode of volcanic degassing associated with severe impacts on air quality accompanied the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of K¯ılauea volcano, Hawai‘i. This resulted in a major increase in gas emission rates with respect to usual emission values for this volcano, along with a shift in the source of the dominant plume to a populated area in the lower flank of the volcano. This led to reduced air quality in downwind communities. We analyse open-access data from the permanent air quality monitoring networks operated by the Hawai‘i Department of Health (HDOH) and National Park Service (NPS), and report on measurements of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) between 2007 - 2018 and PM2.5 (aerosol particulate matter with diameter

30. 35th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Brussels, Belgium, 28 September-2 October 1999

Author

Melander, A., Olsson, J., Lindberg, G., Salzman, A., Howard, T., Stang, P., Lydick, E., Emslie-Smith, A., Boyle, D. I. R., Evans, J. M. M., Macdonald, T. M., Bain, J., Sullivan, F., Ad Darts Memo, Morris For The Collaboration, Juhl, C., Porksen, N., Sturis, J., Hollingdal, M., Pincus, S., Veldhuis, J., Dejgaard, A., Schmitz, O., Kristensen, J. S., Frandsen, K. B., Bayer, Th, Muller, P., Dunning, B. E., Paladini, S., Gutierrez, C., Deacon, R., Valentin, M., Grunberger, G., Weston, W. M., Patwardhan, R., Rappaport, E. B., Sargeant, L. A., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Zethelius, Bjorn, Lithell, Hans, Hales, C. Nicholas, Berne, Christian, Lakka, H-M, Oksanen, L., Tuomainen, T-P, Kontula, K., Salonen, J. T., Dekker, J. M., Boks, P., Vegt, F., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., Heine, R. J., Bruno, G., Cavallo-Perin, P., Bargero, G., D Errico, N., Borra, M., Macchia, G., Pagano, G., Newton, R. W., Ruta, D. A., New, J. P., Wallace, C., Roxburgh, M. A., Young, R. J., Vaughan, N. J. A., Elliott, P., Brennan, G., Devers, M., Macalpine, R., Steinke, D., Lawson, D. H., Decallonne, B., Casteels, K., Gysemans, C., Bouillon, R., Mathieu, C., Linn, Thomas, Strate, Christine, Schneider, Kerstin, Funda, D. P., Jirsa, M. Jr, Kozakova, H., Kaas, A., Kofronova, O., Tlaskalova-Hogenova, H., Buschard, K., Wanka, H., Hartmann, A., Kuttler, B., Rasmussen, S. B., Sorensen, T. S., Markholst, H., Petersen, J. S., Karounos, D., Dyrberg, T., Mabley, J. G., Hasko, G., Szabo, C., Seissler, J., Nguyen, T. B. T., Steinbrenner, H., Scherbaum, W. A., Cipriani, R., Gabriele, A., Sensi, M., Guidobaldi, L., Pantellini, F., Cerrito, M. G., Scarpa, S., Di Mario, U., Morano, S., Ceolotto, G., Iori, E., Baritono, E., Del Prato, S., Semplicini, A., Trevisan, R., Zerbini, G., Meregalli, G., Asnaghi, V., Tentori, F., Maestroni, A., Mangili, R., Marescotti, C., Vedovato, M., Tiengo, A., Tadjieva, J., Mankovsky, B. N., Aken, S., Raes, A., Vande Walle, J., Matthys, D., Craen, M., Hansen, H. P., Lund, S. S., Rossing, P., Jensen, T., Parving, H-H, Genediab, Study Group, Andersen, S., Tarnow, L., Hansen, B. V., Trautner, C., Haastert, B., Ennenbach, N., Willich, S., Tabak, A. Gy, Orchard, T. J., Spranger, J., Preissner, K. T., Schatz, H., Pfeiffer, A., Canton, A., Burgos, R., Hernandez, C., Lecube, A., Mesa, J., Segura, R. M., Mateo, C., Simo, R., Fathallah, L., Greene, D. A., Obrosova, I., Gilbert, R. E., Kelly, D. J., Cox, A. J., Berka-Wilkinson, J. L., Taylor, H. R., Panagiotopoulos, S., Lee, V., Jerums, G., Cooper, M. E., Hitman, G. A., Aganna, E., Ogunkolade, W. B., Rema, M., Deepa, R., Shanthi-Rani, C. S., Barakat, K., Kumarajeewa, T. R., Cassell, P. G., Mcdermott, M. F., Mohan, V., Ways, K., Bursell, S., Devries, T., Woodworth, J., Alatorre, C., King, G., Aiello, L. P., Karisen, A. E., Pavlovic, D., Nielsen, K., Jensen, J., Andersen, H. U., Pociot, F., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Eizirik, D. L., Nerup, J., Lortz, S., Tiedge, M., Lenzen, S., Lally, F. J., Bone, A. J., Darville, M. I., Ho, Y-S, Sternesjo, J., Sandler, S., Chen, M-C, Schuit, F., Pipeleers, D. G., Merezak, S., Hardikar, A., Hoet, J. J., Remacle, C., Reusens, B., Breant, B., Garofano, A., Czernichow, P., Kubota, N., Terauchi, Y., Miki, H., Tamemoto, H., Yamauchi, T., Nakano, R., Komeda, K., Eto, K., Tobe, K., Kimura, S., Kadowaki, T., Ide, T., Murakami, K., Tsunoda, M., Mochizuki, T., Ozanne, S. E., Nave, B. T., Wang, C. L., Dorling, M. W., Petry, C. J., Koopmans, S. J., Bent, C., Que, I., Radder, J. K., Sebokova, E., Sana, A. K., Klimes, I., Ruderman, N., Morviducci, L., Pastore, L., Morelli, S., Sagratella, E., Zorretta, D., Buongiomo, A., Tamburrano, G., Giaccari, A., Martinenghi, Sabina, Angelis, Gabriella Cusella, Ravasi, Flavio, Bifari, Francesco, Bordignon, Claudio, Falqui, Luca, Kessler, A., Dransfeld, O., Sasson, S., Tomas, E., Zorzano, A., Eckel, J., Thorsby, P., Rosenfalck, A. M., Kjems, L., Hanssen, K. F., Madsbad, S., Birkeland, K. I., Hamilton-Wessler, M., Markussen, J., Bergman, R. N., Melki, V., Hanaire-Broutin, H., Bessieres-Lacombe, S., Gedec, Study Group, Tauber, J-P, Home, P. D., Lindholm, A., Riis, A., European Insulin Aspart Study Group, Rosenstock, J., Schwartz, S., Clark, C., Edwards, M., Donley, D., Us Dm, Study Group Of Insulin Glargine In Type, Swift, P., Mortensen, H. B., Lynggaard, H., Hougaard, P., Hvidore Study group on Childhood Diabetes, Cull, C. A., Neil, H. A. W., Frighi, V., Manley, S. E., Holman, R. R., Turner, R. C., Ukpds, Group, Steiner, G., Dais, Project Group, Davis, W. A., Weeraratna, T., Bruce, D. G., Davis, T. M. E., Verges, B., Duvillard, L., Pont, F., Florentin, E., Gambert, Ph, Benko, B., Ljubic, S., Turk, Z., Granic, M., Marz, W., Wollschlager, H., Klein, G., Neiss, A., Wehling, M., Huxtable, S. J., Saker, P. J., Walker, M., Frayling, T. M., Levy, J. C., O Rahilly, S., Hattersley, A. T., Mccarthy, M. I., Orecchio, A., Giacchini, A., Dominici, R., Canettieri, G., Trinti, B., Zani, M., Andreoli, M., Sciacchitano, S., Silva, A. M., Whitecross, K., Pasco, J., Kotowicz, M., Nicholson, G., Zimmet, P., Boyko, E. J., Collier, G. R., Frittitta, L., Pizzuti, A., Argiolas, A., Graci, S., Goldfine, I. D., Bozzali, M., Ercolino, T., Costanzo, B., Iacoviello, L., Tassi, V., Trischitta, V., Wauters, M., Rankinen, T., Mertens, I., Chagnon, M., Bouchard, C., Gaal, L., Sivenius, K., Valve, R., Hakkarainen, V., Niskanen, L., Laakso, M., Uusitupa, M., Beridze, N., Japaridze, M., Kurashvili, R., Dundua, M., Kebuladze, G., Kazakhashvili, N., Offley-Shore, B., Thomas, B., Ghebremeskel, K., Crawford, M., Lowy, C., Eriksson, Ulf J., Martin Siman, C., Wisse, Bert, Gittenberger-De Groot, Adriana C., Wentzel, P., Eriksson, U. J., Wender-Ozegowska, E., Drews, K., Biczysko, R., Bronisz, A., Rosc, D., Graczykowska-Koczorowska, A., Kotschy, M., Sokup, A., Kohnert, K. D., Besch, W., Strese, J., Frick, U., Zander, E., Kemer, W., Skrha, J., Kvasnicka, J., Kalvodova, B., Hilgertova, J., Schatteman, K., Goossens, F., Scharpe, S., Leeuw, I., Hendriks, D., Legakis, I. N., Panayiotou, D., Mountokalakis, Th D., Enderle, M. D., Beckmann, P., Balletshofer, B., Rittig, K., Maerker, E., Volk, A., Meisner, C., Jacob, S., Matthaei, S., Haring, H. U., Rett, K., Ueda, K., Nakagawa, T., Shimajiri, Y., Kokawa, M., Matsumoto, E., Sasaki, H., Sanke, T., Nanjo, K., Mckinnon, Caroline M., Macfarlane, Wendy M., Docherty, Kevin, Furukawa, N., Shirotani, T., Kishikawa, H., Kaneko, K., Araki, E., Shichiri, M., Prentki, M., Roduit, R., Susini, S., Buteau, J., Ejrnas, A. M., Andersen, N. Aa, Osterhoff, M., Mohlig, M., Ortmann, J., Bikashaghi, F., Mayer, C., Bikashagi, F., Ackermans, M. T., Pereira Arias, A. M., Bisschop, P. H. L. T., Endert, E., Sauerwein, H. P., Romijn, J. A., Gastaldelli, A., Baldi, S., Pettiti, M., Natali, A., Frascerra, S., Camastra, S., Toschi, E., Ferrannini, E., Stingl, H., Krssak, M., Bischof, M. G., Krebs, M., Furnsinn, C., Nowotny, P., Waldhausl, W., Roden, M., Neeft, M., Meijer, A. J., Bavenholm, P., Pigon, J., Efendic, S., Kastenbauer, T., Sauseng, S., Sokol, G., Auinger, M., Irsigler, K., Abbott, C. A., Carrington, A. L., Faragher, B., Kulkarni, J., Ross, E. R. E., Boulton, A. J. M., Armstrong, D. G., Hadi, S., Nguyen, H. C., Harkless, L. B., Jirkovska, A., Kasalicky, P., Hosova, J., Skibova, J., Uccioli, L., Caselli, A., Giacomozzi, C., Macellari, V., Giurato, L., Lardieri, L., Menzinger, G., Pham, H. T., Rosenblum, B. I., Lyons, T. E., Giurini, J. M., Smakowski, P., Chrzan, J. S., Habershaw, G. M., Veves, A., Foster, A. M., Bates, M., Doxford, M., Edmonds, M. E., Kecha, O., Winkler, R., Martens, H., Collette, J., Lefebvre, P. J., Greiner, D., Geenen, V., Atlan-Gepner, C., Naspetti, M., Valero, R., Barad, M., Lepault, F., Vialettes, B., Naquet, P., Galan, B., Netea, M. G., Hancu, N., Smits, P., Meer, J. W. M., Osterbye, T., Jorgensen, K. H., Tranum-Jensen, J., Fredman, P., Hoy, M., Bokvist, K., Olsen, H. L., Horn, T., Gromada, J., Laub, R., Lohmann, T., Hahn, H. J., Adler, T., Emmrich, F., Rabuazzo, A. M., Lupi, R., Dotta, F., Patane, G., Marselli, L., Realacci, M., Piro, S., Del Guerra, S., Santangelo, C., Navalesi, R., Purrello, F., Marchetti, P., Vos, P., Visser, L., Haan, B. J., Klok, P., Schilfgaarde, R., Poppema, S., Juang, J-H, Kuo, C-H, Hsu, B. R-S, Nacher, V., Perez, M., Biarnes, M., Raurell, M., Soler, J., Montanya, E., Ritzel, R., Maubach, J., Busing, M., Becker, T., Klempnauer, J., Hucking, K., Schmiegel, W. H., Nauck, M. A., Boucek, P., Saudek, F., Adamec, M., Kozitarova, R., Jedinakova, T., Vlasakova, Z., Bartos, V., Maffi, P., Bertuzzi, F., Aldrighetti, L., Taglietti, M. V., Castelnuovo, A., Pozza, G., Di Carlo, V., Secchi, A., Renier, G., Mamputu, J-C, Gillespie, J. S., Mcmaster, D., Mercer, C., Trimble, E. R., Lecomte, M., Vericel, E., Paget, C., Ruggiero, D., Lagarde, M., Wiernsperger, N., Pricci, F., Leto, G., Amadio, L., Cordone, S., Iacobini, C., Catalano, S., Violi, F., Rotella, C. M., Pugliese, G., Zicari, A., Gradini, R., Sale, P., Pala, L., Cresci, B., Giannini, S., Manuelli, C., Dahlfors, G., Arnqvist, H. J., Gonelle-Gispert, C., Halnan, P. A., Sadoul, K., Wolter, S., Lang, J., Niwa, T., Yu, W., Hidaka, H., Senda, T., Niki, I., Fukasawa, T., Renstrom, E., Barg, S., Seward, E., Rorsman, P., Rutter, G. A., Molinete, M., Lilla, V., Ravazzola, M., Halban, P. A., Efanov, A. M., Bertorello, A. M., Zaitsev, S. V., Zwiller, J., Berggren, P-O, Msengul, A., Salman, F., Sargrn, M., Ozer, E., Karsidaǧ, K., Salman, S., Gedik, S., Satman, I., Dinccaǧ, N., Yilmaz, M. T., Lloyd, A., Hopkinson, P. K., Testa, M. A., Blonde, L., Turner, R. R., Hayes, J., Simonson, D. C., Ven, N. C. W., Lubach, C. H. C., Snoek, F. J., Mollema, E. D., Ploeg, H. M., Danne, T., Hoey, H., Mcgee, H., Fitzgerald, H., Lernmark, B., Thernlund, G., Fredin, K., Hagglof, B., Lugari, R., Anna, C., Ugolotti, D., Dei Cas, A., Barilli, A. L., Sard, L., Marani, B., Iotti, M., Zandomeneghi, R., Gnudi, A., Kjems, L. L., Volund, Aa, Toft-Nielsen, M., Damholt, M. B., Hilsted, L., Hughes, T. E., Krarup, T., Holst, J. J., Young, A., Gottlieb, A., Fineman, M., Kolterman, O., Cancelas, J., Garcia-Martinez, J. A., Villanueva-Penacarrillo, M. L., Valverde, I., Malaisse, W. J., Filipsson, K., Ahren, B., Balkan, B., Kwasnik, L., Battle, B., Li, X., Egan, J. M., Clocquet, A. R., Elahi, D., Petrella, E., Pricket, K., Petersen, K. F., Sullivan, J. T., Amatruda, J. M., Livingston, J. N., Shulman, G. I., Freyse, E-J, Knospe, S., Glund, K., Demuth, H-U, Walker, D., Malik, R. A., Reljanovic, M., Barada, A., Milicevic, Z., Tack, Cees J., Croatian Study Group for Diabetic Amyotrophy, Goldstein, David S., Huysen, C., Stevens, M. J., Cao, X., Sundkvist, G., Dahlin, L-B, Eriksson, K-F, Rosen, I., Lattimer, S. A., Sima, A. A. F., Sullivan, K., Shaw, J. E., Courten, M. P., Zimmet, P. Z., Gourdy, P., Ruidavets, J. B., Arveiler, D., Amouyel, Ph, Bingham, A., Tauber, J. P., Lam, K. S. L., Wat, N. M. S., Lam, T. H., Janus, E. D., Pablos, P., Rodriguez, F., Martinez, J., Sanchez, V., Santana, C., Garcia, I., Macias, A., Levin, K., Hother-Nielsen, O., Henriksen, J. E., Beck-Nielsen, H., Brechtel, K., Machann, J., Koch, M., Nielsen, M., Loblein, K., Becker, R., Denignger, M., Renn, W., Machicao, F., Claussen, C. D., Schick, F., Diraison, F., Moulin, P., Beylot, M., Thams, P., Capito, K., Eliasson, Lena, Barg, Sebastian, Gopel, Sven, Kanno, Takahiro, Renstrom, Erik, Meda, P., Charollais, A., Gjnovci, A., Calabrese, A., Wonkam, A., Caton, D., Wisznievski, L., Serre, V., Cogne, F., Bauquis, J., Bosco, D., Huarte, J., Herrera, P., Gotfredsen, C. F., Vessby, B., Kanwu, Study Group, Manuel Y Keenoy, B., Engelen, W., Vertommen, J., Schrans, S., Louheranta, A., Lindstrom, J., Tuomilehto, J., Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group, Segal, K. R., Heymsfield, S., Hauptman, J., Boldrin, M., Lucas, C., Pandolfi, A., Cetrullo, D., Polishchuck, R., Alberta, M., Pellegrini, G., Calafiore, A., Vitacolonna, E., Capani, F., Consoli, A., Halleux, C. M., Gillot, E. F., Brichard, S. M., Planken, M., Corthouts, B., Peiffer, F., Scholten, D., Walke, M., Assert, R., Pirags, V., Pedula, K. L., Hillier, T. A., Brown, J. B., Eurodiab, Prospective Complications Study Group, Santini, S. A., Marra, G., Cotroneo, P., Manto, A., Di Leo, M. A. S., Di Gregorio, S., Tordi, A., Pitocco, D., Ruotolo, V., Ghirlanda, G., Temelkova-Kurktschiev, T., Schaper, F., Koehler, C., Henkel, E., Hanefeld, M., Mancini, L., Citterio, F., Cotroneo, A., Ceroone, S., Castagneto, M., Rajbhandari, S. M., Dent, M. T., Plater, M. E., Harris, N. D., Tesfaye, S., Ward, J. D., Dupuy, O., Mayaudon, H., Lecoules, S., Bauduceau, B., Palou, M., Farret, O., Molinie, C., Antonelli-Incalzi, R., Fuso, L., Giordano, A., Calcagni, M. L., Todaro, L., Basso, S., Tramaglino, L. M., Troncone, L., Pistelli, R., Guillot, R., Bringuier, A., Porokhov, B., Guillausseau, P. J., Feldmann, G., Zivanic, S., Cizmic, M., Dragojevic, R., Vanovic, M., Borghouts, L. B., Kranenburg, G. P. J., Schaart, G., Keizer, H. A., Niess, A. M., Dickuth, H. H., Lutz, O., Barbe, P., Calazel-Fournier, C., Hernandez, G., Saint-Martin, F., Galitzky, J., Goncalves, A. A., Da Silva, E. C., Brito, I. J. L., Da Silva, C. A., Lawrence, N. J., Kousta, E., Mulnier, H., Penny, A., Millauer, B., Johnston, D. G., Robinson, S., Perriello, G., Pimenta, W., Pampanelli, S., Lucidi, P., Lepore, M., Porcellati, F., Cordoni, M. C., Feo, P., Bolli, G. B., Sjostrand, M., Holmang, A., Lonnroth, P., Hauer, B., Grauer, P., Artzner, S., Lang, R., Stumvoll, M., Monti, L. D., Piatti, P. M., Gemone, F., Valsecchi, G., Magni, M., Barbieri, E., Setola, E., Sandoli, E. P., Galli-Kienle, M., Pontiroli, A. E., Nichols, Gregory A., Brown, Jonathan B., Salzsieder, E., Boltz, H., Ramirez, J. C., Rutscher, A., Fischer, U., Koenig, Ch, Friske, M., Schramm, W., Landgraf, R., Bachmann, W., Bangemann, M., Groeneveld, G., Edvell, Anders, Lindstrom, Per, Tsiotra, P., Koukourava, A., Raptis, S. A., Tsigos, C., Boutou, E., Triandaffilopoulou, A., Egido, E. M., Rodriguez-Gallardo, J., Gutierrez, E., Garcia, P., Silvestre, R. A., Marco, J., Khan, Akhtar, Ling, Zong-Chao, Ahren, Bo, Efendic, Suad, Bunting, C., Du, X., Zhi Sui, G., Rosen, P., Koschinsky, T., Kearney, T. M., Sharp, P. S., Lapolla, A., Fedele, D., Martano, L., Garbeglio, M., Seraglia, R., Favretto, D., Traldi, P., Meerwaldt, R., Smit, A. J., Links, Th P., V Roon, A. M., Graaf, R., Gans, R. O. B., Deyneli, O., Ersoz, H. O., Gogas, D., Fak, A. S., Akalin, S., Veglio, M., Sivieri, R., Chinaglia, A., Scaglione, L., Neuropathy Study Group of the Italian Society of the Study of Diabetes, Le, T., Wong, N., Detrano, R., Charles, M. A., Colhoun, H. M., Francis, D. P., Rubens, M., Underwood, S. R., Fuller, J. H., Knudsen, E., Sato, A., Nielsen, F. S., Bonora, E., Kiechl, S., Willeit, J., Oberhollenzer, F., Egger, G., Bonadonna, R., Muggeo, M., Festa, A., D Agostino, R. Jr, Howard, G., Mykkanen, L., Tracy, R. P., Haffner, S. M., Poulsen, P., Vach, K., European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR), Ijzerman, R. G., Bakker, S. J. L., Truster, J., Crowther, N. J., Cameron, N., Gray, I. P., Chaillous, L., Carel, J. C., Thivolet, C., Boitard, C., Charbonnel, B., Sai, P., Study Group, D. I. O. R., Decochez, K., Keymeulen, B., Somers, G., Dorchy, H., Rottiers, R., Winnock, F., Ver Elst, K., Weets, I., Pipeleers, D., Gorus, F., Seebaum, S., Schumm-Draeger, P-M, Petzoldt, R., Federlin, K., Bonnevie-Nielsen, V., Martensen, P. M., Justesen, J., Worsaa, A., Karlsson, Maria, Sederholm, Sofia, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Belicar, P., Dale, C., Vague, Ph, Alessis, C., Lassmann-Vague, V., Bode, B. W., Gross, T. M., Ghegan, M., Steed, R. D., Davidson, P. C., Ordonez, A., Rubio, J. L., Sulleiro, J. M., Buendia, J. P., Zamora, J., Castillo, M., Schaupp, L., Ellmerer, M., Brunner, G. A., Sendlhofer, G., Schlack, Ch, Skrabal, F., Wach, P., Pieber, T. R., Heinemann, L., Kramer, U., Klotzer, H. M., Hermann, M., Non-Invasive Task Force, Cosgrove, K. E., Chapman, J. C., Shepherd, R. M., Mcintyre, S., Butler, P. C., Dunne, M. J., Brekardin, E., Dorschner, H., Schwanstecher, C., Schwanstecher, M., Uhde, I., Emmanouilidou, E., Teschemacher, A. G., Pouli, A. E., Gylfe, E., Tengholm, A., Hellman, B., Perfetti, R., Aggarwal, S., Muller, Gunter, Welte, Stefan, Wied, Susanne, Valverde, A. M., Mur, C., Kahn, C. R., Benito, M., Rondinone, C. M., Peterson, T., Laviola, L., Belsanti, G., Logoluso, F., Napoli, R., Davalli, A. M., Weir, G. C., Giorgino, R., Giorgino, F., Flesch, S., Hompesch, B., Rave, K., Susanto, F., Kuhn-Velten, W. N., Heise, T., Rendell, M., Dole, J., Rosiglitazone Study Group, Esper, R. J., Stein, E., Lemme, L., Cerivastatin/Bezafibrate Latin America Study Group, Rubinstein, A., Maritz, F. J., Soule, S., Market, A., Chajek-Shaul, T., Maislos, M., Tal, S., Stolero, D., Hidm, Investigators, Josefsen, K., Beckmann, H., Petersen, C., Ekman, R., Efanova, I., Zaitsev, S., Berggren, P. O., Birkenbach, M., Holl, R. W., Rosenbauer, J., Grabert, M., German Working Group on Quality Control, Icks, A., Schwab, O., Reile, K., German Pediat. Working Group, Janssen, M. M. J., Jongh, R. T., Casteleijn, S., Masurel, N., Hoogma, R. P. L. M., Santeusanio, F., Brunetti, P., Fanelli, C. G., Laureti, S., Bartocci, L., Maran, A., Crepaldi, C., Trupiani, S., Macdonald, I. A., Avogaro, A., Bouman, S. D., Keitz, M., Bruggink, J. E., Scheurink, A. J. W., Strubbe, J. H., Steffens, A. B., Ferguson, S. C., Mccrimmon, R. J., Perros, P., Best, J. J. K., Deary, I. J., Frier, B. M., Robinson, R. T. C. E., Ireland, N. H., Bedford, C., Fairclough, E., Hudson, S., Heller, S. R., Borch-Johnsen, K., Berger, M., Overmann, H., Bender, R., Blank, M., Sawicki, P., Jorgens, V., Muhlhauser, I., Nosadini, R., Sailer, A., Dalla Vestra, M., Brocco, E., Piarulli, F., Frigato, F., Sambataro, M., Velussi, M., Baggio, B., Fioretto, P., Jager, A., Hinsbergh, V. W. M., Kostense, P. 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C., Hirtz, C., Deville Periere, D., Meoni, C., Falqui, L., Arcelloni, C., Paroni, R., Folli, F., Barry, R., Turner, N. C., Tadayyon, M., Arch, J. R., Sutti, F., Perego, L., Baglioni, S., Otte, A., Socci, C., Raffaele, H. S., Stumpf, E., Aalto, Y., Otonkoski, T., Knuutila, S., Andersson, L. C., Berra, C., Furlan, R., Coppelli, A., Tellini, C., Bordignon, C., Rouiller, D. G., Lister, C. A., Moore, G. B. T., Piercy, V., Newman, M., Chapman, H., Smith, S. A., Anastasi, E., Bulotta, A., Tiberti, C., Ponte, E., Liddi, R., Taruscio, D., Falchi, M., Anneren, C., Welsh, M., Bernard, C., Ilic, C., Guilbert, V., Palgi, J., Korbutt, G. S., Rayat, G. R., Rajotte, R. V., Kieffer, T. J., Karlsson, Ella, Sandler, Stellan, Boujendar, S., Huotari, M-A, Miettinen, P. J., Keski-Oja, J., Breda, E., Pacini, G., Vilsboll, T., Toft-Nielsen, M-B, Dinesen, B., Corssmit, E. P. M., Qvigstad, E., Mostad, I. L., Bjerve, K., Ann, C. W., Kume, M., Hiramatsu, M., Taniguchi, J., Saito, Y., Kawasaki, Y., Kanazawa, M., Notoya, Y., Hayashi, T., Djemli, A., Gallice, P., Coste, T., Jannot, M. F., Dufayet, D., Raccah, D., Vague, P., Sattar, S., Basak, R. C., Hasan, Z., Ali, L., Nikulina, M. A., Karlsen, A. E., Hong, T. P., Andersen, N. A., Puren, A. J., Fantuzzi, G., Dinarello, C. A., Gysemans, C. A., Sparre, T., Fey, S., Larsen, P. M., Andersson, A. K., John, N. E., Fey, S. J., Mose Larsen, P., Frigerio, S., Ghayur, T., Hollander, G. A., Zumsteg, U., Pinach, S., Monge, L., Grassi, G., Pasquero, P., Ruiu, G., Dall Omo, A., Carta, Q., Hadjivassiliou, V., Dunger, A. M., Green, M. H. L., Rasilainen, S., Roivainen, M., Ylipaasto, P., Bouwens, L., Hovi, T., Sekine, N., Takahashi, K., Ishikawa, T., Okazaki, T., Fujita, T., Elliott, J., Scarpello, J. H. B., Conroy, S., Byrne, P., Newsholme, P., Harrison, M., Greenl, I. 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J., Quinones Galvan, A., Simeoni, M., Basu, A., Uosukainen, A., Makimattila, S., Schlenzka, A., Adler, A. I., Levy, J., Stevens, R., Matthews, D., Holman, R., Boland, B. J., Jeanjean, M., Hermans, M. P., Maudoigt, C., Tonglet, R., Robert, A., Cini, G., Galetta, F., Sanna, G., Gernone, F., Janssen, M. J., Gonera, R. K., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., Leeuw, P. W., Schaper, N. C., Moleda, P., Kuczerowski, R., Czech, A., Taton, J., Taddei, S., Patiag, D., Qu, X., Wilkes, M., Gray, S., Seale, J. P., Donnelly, R., Campion, J., Maestro, B., Davila, N., Carranza, M. C., Calle, C., Hales, C. N., Fernandez-Real, J. M., Grasa, M., Pugeat, M., Barret, C., Ricart, W., Lindmark, S., Olsson, T., Tufvesson, M., Loeblein, K., Mehnert, B., Haering, H. 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S., Murphy, L., Rodger, N. W., Ross, S. A., Ryan, E., Yale, J-F, Wolever, T. M. S., Haller, T., Elias, I., Segal, P., Standi, E., Rybka, J., Sencer, E., Schlcnzka, A., Vakkilainen, J., Tsaglis, H., Ioannidis, I., Giakoumaki, A., Amantou, A., Komitopoulos, N., Georgiou, S., Varsamis, E., Katsilambros, N., El Gayar, M., Shereba, N., Botros, R., Fikry, R., Jackson, D., Balme, M., Silva-Nunes, J., Alves, J., Bogalho, P., Gardete-Correia, L., Nunes-Correa, J., Kot Atkova, A., Nemcova, D., Vrbikova, J., Zamrazil, V., Meyer, L., Delbachian, I., Lehert, P., Cugnardey, N., Drouin, P., Guerci, B., Wagner, O. F., Jones, N. P., Vallance, S. E., Thompson, K. A., Miller, A. K., Inglis, A. M. L., Patterson, S., Jorkasky, D., Freed, M. I., Mathisen, A. L., Schneider, R., Rubin, C., Houser, V., Beebe, K. L., Kortboyer, J. M., Eckland, D. J. 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E., Niekerk, N., Rosenkranz, B., Schoenle, E., Hoe, Study Group, Witthaus, Elke, Bradley, Clare, Stewart, John, Barbeau, M., Myers, S., Flora, D., Dimarchi, R., Chance, R., Plum, A., Larsen, P. S., Larsen, U. D., Kristensen, J. B., Jansen, J. A., Olsen, B., Mortensen, H., Hylleberg, B., Jacobsen, L. V., Gall, M-A, Sogaard, B., Ewing, F. M., Ireland, R. H., Hoogwerf, B., Raskin, P., Jovanovic, L., Leiter, L., Boss, A. H., Bott, U., Ebrahim, S., Hirschberger, S., Leukel, P., Sieber, H. J., Mcgill, J., Kilo, C., Kamp, N. M., Wutte, A., Le Thai, F., Balarac, N., Allicar, M. P., Cazeneuve, B., Augendre, B., Wise, S. D., Seah, E. S., Koivisto, V., Torlone, E., Del Sindaco, P., Ciofetta, M., Hedman, C., Orre Pettersson, A-C, Lindstrom, T., Cernigoi, A. M., Kong, N., Kitchen, M. M., Ryder, R. E. J., Petkova, M., Angelova-Gateva, P., Malone, J., Arora, V., Bue-Valleskey, J., Pein, M., Diebler, F., Roach, P., Gudat, U., Dreyer, M., Hanusch, U., Ristic, S., Mcleod, J., Hirschberg, Y., Garreffa, S., Keilson, L., Mather, S., Gagen, K., Chen, W., Dragonas, N., Chuang, L. M., Juang, J. H., Wu, H. P., Chiang, Y. D., Li, K. L., Jorgensen, L. N., Tai, T. Y., Cheatham, W. W., Kennedy, F., Woo, V., Jain, R., Boss, A., Moses, R., Clauson, P., Fischer, T., Bjork, S., Ostergaard, A., Langendorf, K. W., Hatorp, V., Hasslacher, C., Farrar, N. S., Chambers, N. J., Denyer, G. S., Johnston, G. A. R., Hashiguchi, S., Jonsson, A., Hallengren, B., Rydberg, T., Herbaut, C., Turc, A., Mourand, I., Chevassus, H., Molinier, N., Christensen, A-B L., Mathiesen, E. R., Stage, E., Damm, P., Boivin, S., Gross, P., Pennington, M., Harder, T., Kohlhoff, R., Dorner, G., Rohde, W., Plagemann, A., Ferdeghini, M., Murru, S., Maffei, M., Cecchetti, P., Dunne, F., Brydon, P., Smith, T., Proffitt, M., Holder, R., Gee, H., Goulis, D. G., Teoh, T. G., Asatiani, N., Elphick, A., Natsvlishvili, M., Chanturia, T., Shelestova, E., Ramazashvili, M., Hod, M., Cederberg, J., Casi, A. Leunda, Pampfer, S., Hertogh, R., Hinck, L., Aly, S., Bertie, J., Botta, R. M., Imbergamo, M. P., Impicciche, M. G., Todaro, B., Greco, D., Ekbom, P., Clausen, P., Feldt-Rasmussen, U., Feldt-Rasmussen, B., Molsted Pedersen, L., Norgaard, K., Svenningsen, A., Nielsen, L., Zmudzinska, M., Zietek, I., Min, Y., Crawford, M. A., Bozzoni, F., Corubolo, C., Borrello, E., Di Biase, N., Spagnolo, S., Hawthorne, G., Sen, D., Bagust, A., Northern Diabetic Pregnancy Survey, Maier, W., Currie, C. J., Sailesh, S., Patel, V., Hayes, D., Cockrill, B., Gatling, W., Budd, S., Mullee, M. A., Savill, A. W., Smithers, M. G., Davies, R. R., Sandford, A., Stutz, L., Vadstrup, S., Simonsen, V., Musaeus, L., Molsing, B., Lyholm, B., Turner, B. C., Jenkins, E., Hejlesen, O. J., Andreassen, S., Hovorka, R., Cavan, D. A., Klinge, A., Strauss, K. W., Guthrie, R., Testa, M., Zimmerman, R., Sandberg, M., Steinfatt, H., Hardenberg, R., Gottsmann, M., Konig, A., Schmauss, S., Hierl, F. X., Renders, C. M., Valk, G. D., Eijk, J. Th M., Wal, G., Jermendy, G., Hidvegi, T., Screening Study Group, Hungarian Hba C., Muller, U. A., Junghanel, J., Kohler, S., Kohler, C., Schumann, M., Use, G., Valk, H. W., Blankestijn, J. G., Bruin, H. J., Bottomley, J., Gillam, S., Holmes, J., Murphy, M., Tardis Uk, Steering Committee And Centres, Madani, S. F., Muller, R., Hunger Dathe, W., Grusser, M., Roien, D., Hussain, M., Vibe-Petersen, J., Braun, A., Schiel, R., Hofer, A., Leppert, K., Trento, M., Passera, P., Tomalino, M., Bajardi, M., Vaccari, P., Pagnozzi, F., Pomero, F., Molinatti, G. 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W., Czerniawska, E., Weekers, L., Hadjadj, S., Belloum, R., Gallois, Y., Bouhanick, B., Marre, M., Saucha, W., Skwarna, B., Zychma, M., Zukowska-Szczechowska, E., Zychma, M. J., Nazim, J., Dziatkowiak, H., Sanak, M., Cieslik, G., Nannipieri, M., Viberti, G. C., Cosmo, S., Piras, G., Errannini, E., Uchigata, Y., Miura, J., Okada, T., Gong, J-S, Zhang, J., Tanaka, M., Wamoto, Y., Zucaro, L., Bacci, S., Miscio, G., Thomas, M., Piras, G. P., Cavallo Perin, P., Mauer, M., Barzon, I., Bortoloso, E., Saller, A., Crepaldi, G., Latif, Z. A., Christensen, P. K., V Larsen, S., Olsen, S., Bombonato, G., Sacerdoti, D., Chiesura-Corona, M., Marangon, A., Rudberg, S., Rasmussen, L., Bangstad, H-J, Osrterby, R., Sivous, G. I., Kasatkina, E. P., Demurov, L. M., Nosikov, V. V., Kotova, A. K., Kuraeva, T. L., Mishina, I. I., Gorashko, N. M., Nosicov, V. V., Petercova, V. A., Berrut, G., Alhenc-Gelas, F., Tsimaratos, M., Gerbi, A., Barone, R., Ollerton, R. L., Playle, R. A., Luzio, S. D., Evans, W. D., Burch, A., Siebenhofer, A., Meinitzer, A., Brandmaier, H., Brunner, G., Plank, J., West, P., Tindall, H., Mckenna, K., Smith, D., Tormey, W., Kesson, C. M., Thompson, C. J., Penno, G., Anichini, R., Bandinelli, S., Boldrini, E., Giannarelli, R., Piazza, F., Pucci, L., Karunakaran, S., Morris, R. J., Nadas, J., Farkas, K., Daroczy, A., Peterfai, E., Svensson, M., Weigert, C., Facchin, S., Gambaro, G., Brodbeck, K., Schleicher, E., Tada, H., Nomura, K., Kuboki, K., Tsukamoto, M., Inokuchi, T., Mene, P., Pugliese, F., Iino, K., Yoshinari, M., Iwase, M., Asano, T., Sonoki, K., Wakisaka, M., Takata, Y., Ujishima, M., Del Prete, D., Anglani, F., Antonucci, F., Mauri, J. M., Valles, M., Vendrell, J., Shinada, M., Akdeniz, A., Panagiotopoulos, P., Bach, L. A., Law, V. A., Lecomte, P. P., Yokota, C., Okuda, Y., Odawara, M., Yamashita, K., Yamada, N., Kawai, K., Acbay, O., Mazlum, A., Kural, E., Gundogdu, S., Jensen, C., Korner, A., Eklof, A-Ch, Jaremko, G., Lal, M., Dibona, G., Aperia, A., Yavuz, D. G., Tuncer, M., Sargon, M., Kucukkaya, B., Ahiskali, R., Akalin, Sema, Nohara, E., Oates, P. J., Ellery, C. A., Cakyr, B., Erdogan, M. F., Corakcy, A., Ozdemir, I. C., Stevens, R. J., Yudkin, J. S., Webber, J., Wheeler, D. C., Taylor, K. G., Jones, S. L., Srivatsa, A., Anderson, S. G., Cruikshank, J. K., Florkowski, C. M., Scott, R. S., Graham, P. J., Moir, C. L., Flores, C., Ruggenenti, P., Dodesini, A. R., Vasile, B., Gaspari, F., Arnoldi, F., Ferrari, S., Ciocca, I., Spalluzzi, A., Remuzzi, G., Delvigne, C., Ballaux, D., Bosman, D. R., Winkler, A. S., Marsden, J., Watkins, P. J., Strutton, D., Erbey, J. R., Jacobsen, P., Rossing, K., Jensen, J. S., Mansfield, M. 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T., Kardos, A., Gingl, Z., Kempler, P., Rudas, L., Lonovics, J., Marchand, M., Stevens, L. K., Tarnas, Gy, Eurodiab Iddm, Study Group, Estrella, F., Christensen, N. J., Keresztes, K., Barna, I., Hermanyi, Zs, Vargha, P., Bonnevie, L., Chanudet, X., Larroque, P., Tutuncu, N. Bascil, Deger, A., Batur, M. K., Yildirir, A., Onalan, O., Aksoyek, S., Kabakciota, G., Erbas, T., Galicka-Latala, D., Surdacki, A., Gerritsen, J., Tenvoorde, B. J., Heethaar, R. M., Tagawa, T. S., Kodama, M., Yoshioka, R., Yamasaki, Y., Didangelos, T., Athyros, V., Kontopoulos, A., Papageorgiou, A., Karamitsos, D., Lacigova, S., Rusavy, Z., Karova, R., Perrild, H., Kay, L., Jorgensen, T., Bien, A. I., Witek, P., Geraldes, Elizabete, Rodrigues, D., Pereira, L., Domenech, A., Leitao, P., Anagnostopoulos, D., Foster, A. V. M., Nag, S., Barsoum, M., Lewis, G., Dunlop, N., Connolly, V., Bilous, R., Kelly, W., Chantelau, E., Gede, A., Sharman, D., O Halloran, D., Best, C., Abbas, Z. G., Lutale, J., Gill, G. V., Jarvis, W. R., Archibald, L. K., Corcoran, S., Mansell, J., Pibworth, L., Terada, H., Shiba, T., Utugi, N., Utugi, T., Blum, M., Strobel, J., Hoffken, K., Razvi, F. M., Kritzinger, E. E., Taylor, K., Jones, S., Illahi, W., Grubetaer, M., Hartmann, P., Hoffstadt, K., Leiden, H. A., Moll, A. C., Polak, B. C. P., Pietragalla, G. B., Maurino, M., Montanaro, M., Karadeniz, S., Tommasini, P., Quadrini, C., Demiraj, V., Rispoli, E., Ota, A., Takama, H., Saito, N., Hemandez, C., Lepore, D., Antico, L., Giardina, B., Franconi, F., Michoud, E., Chamot, S., Riva, Ch, Hammes, H-P, Renner, O., Breier, G., Lin, J., Alt, A., Betzholtz, C., Bretzel, R. G. Rd, Manti, R., Gallo, M., Molinar Hin, A., Brignardello, E., Boccuzzi, G., Li, Shanfang, Xiang, Kunsan, Zhang, Rugeng, Shangguan, Xinhong, Wu, Jianrong, Donnan, P. T., Broomhall, J., Hunter, K., Morris, A. D., Darts Memo, Collaboration, Ioannidis, G., Peppa, M., Rontogianni, E., Kallifronas, M., Lekatsas, I., Chrysanthopoulou, G., Anthopoulos, L., Kesse, M., Thalassinos, N., Neves, C., Medina, J. L., Lopes, F., Guvener, N., Guvener, M., Kocagoz, T., Boke, E., Pasaoglu, I., Bascil Tutuncu, N., Oto, A., Karvonen, M. K., Koulu, M., Pesonen, U., Mercuri, M., Rauramaa, R., Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study, Rutter, M. K., Kestevan, P., Mccomb, J. M., Marshall, S. M., Sobieska, M., Wiktorowicz, K., Kanters, S. D. J. M., Banga, J. D., Algra, A., Frijns, C. J. M., Beutler, J. J., Fijnheer, R., Nicoloff, G., Baydanoff, S., Stanimirova, N., Petrova, Ch, Lario, S., Campistol, J. M., Cases, A., Claria, J., Inigo, P., Esmatjcs, E., Sarman, B., Toth, M., Kocsis, I., Somogyi, A., Bumbure, A., Jachimowicz, K., Samson, J., Tomasiak, M., Sobol, A., Stanczyk, L., Watala, C., Stradina, P., Wisniewska-Jarosinska, M., Marciniak, D., Wieclawska, B., Golanski, J., Zinnat, R., Mahmud, I., Buyukasik, Yahya, Demiroglu, H., Szczepanik, A., Skowronski, M., Murawska, A., Meeking, D. R., Allard, S., Munday, J., Chowienczyk, P., Shaw, K. M., Cummings, M. H., Simkova, R., Jirsa, M., Hadoke, P. W. F., Mcintyre, C. A., Jones, G. C., Williams, B. C., Elliott, A. I., Mcknight, J. A., Pernow, J., Bombonato, G. C., Finucci, G. F., Zotta, L., Senses, V., Ozyazgan, S., Ince, E., Tuncdemir, M., Sultuybek, G., Akkan, A. G., Unlucerci, Y., Bekpinar, S., Meyer, M. F., Lee, B. C., Shore, A. C., Humphreys, J. M., Tooke, J. E., Omo, G., Giovannitti, G., Caricato, F., Mariani, M., Pedrinelli, R., Kiviet-Boehm, C., Schwelling, V., Pfohl, M., Mcinerney, D., Itoh, H., Ohno, T., Katoh, N., Baumgartner-Parzer, S., Artwohl, M., Graier, W., Ludwig, C., Tachi, Y., Bannai, C., Shinohara, M., Shimpuku, H., Ohura, K., Bertacca, A., Sasvari, M., Szaleczki, E., Pusztai, P., Boes, U., Klaus, E., Dittrich, P., Wagner, Z., Wittmann, I., Poto, L., Wagner, L., Mazak, I., Nagy, J., Feletto, F., Taboga, C., Tonutti, L., Lizzio, S., Russo, A., Selmo, V., Ceriello, A., Lekakis, J., Papamichael, C. M., Stamatelopoulos, K., Stamatelopoulos, S., Yillar, D. O., Gay, M., Lillaz, E., Passaro, A., Vanini, A., Calzoni, F., D Elia, K., Carantoni, M., Zuliani, G., Fellin, R., Solini, A., Chwatko, G., Bald, E., Dramais, A-S, Wallemacq, P. E., Vandeleene, B., Ciaria, M. V., Ariano, M., Strom, R., Gibney, J., Weiss, U., Turner, B., O Gorman, P., Watts, G., Powrie, J., Crook, M., Shaw, K., and Cummings, M.

32. 40 EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Munich, Germany, 5-9 September 2004

Author

Veitenhansl, M., Stegner, K., Hierl, F-X, Dieterle, C., Feldmeier, H., Gutt, B., Landgraf, R., Garrow, A. P., Vileikyte, L., Findlow, A., Waterman, C., Boulton, A. J. M., Shankhdhar, K., Shankhdhar, L., Shankhdhar, U., Petrova, N. L., Foster, A. V. M., Edmonds, M. E., Ferraresi, R., Caravaggi, C., Giglio, R., Cavaiani, P., Pogliaghi, I., Sommariva, E., Katz, I. A., Harlan, A., Miranda-Palma, B., Prieto-Sanchez, L., Armstrong, D. G., Bowker, J. H., Mizel, M. S., Cernea, S., Wohlgelernter, J., Kidron, M., Modi, P., Raz, I., Arbit, E., Nosek, L., Kapitza, C., Beckett, P., Gelfand, R., Goldberg, M., Heise, T., Testa, M. A., Turner, R. R., Hayes, J. F., Scranton, R. E., Simonson, D. C., Yang, Y-W, Hsu, Y-J, Naujok, O., Francini, F., Jorns, A., Tiedge, M., Lenzen, S., Abdel-Wahab, Y. H. A., Marenah, L., Orr, D. F., Shaw, C., Flatt, P. R., Chokkalingam, K., Mansell, P. I., Clausen, P., Ekbom, P., Damm, P., Feldt-Rasmussen, U., Nielsen, B., Mathiesen, E. R., Feldt-Rasmussen, B., Dewan, S., Da Silva, N., Ternan, P. Mc, Leong, K. S., Wilding, J. P. H., Asatiani, N., Kurashvili, R., Dundua, M., Shelestova, E., Pagava, K., Ramazashvili, M., Hod, M., Smirnov, S., Petersen, J. L. A., Justesen, T. I., Ringholm Nielsen, L., Muller, C., Hojlund, K., Wensaas, A., Kase, E. T., Aas, V., Rustan, A. C., Thoresen, G. H., Levin, K., Beck-Nielsen, H., Gaster, M., Im, S-S, Kang, S-Y, Kim, S-Y, Ahn, Y-H, Lihn, A. S., Schmoll, D., Werner, T., Kienitz, A., Meyer, M., Barthel, A., Ailett, F., Sutherland, C., Walther, R., Grempler, R., Sasson, S., Reich, R., Tenenbaum, T., Alpert, E., Anfossi, G., Russo, I., Traversa, M., Massucco, P., Mattiello, L., Doronzo, G., Trovati, M., Lally, S., Tan, C. Y., Owens, D., Tomkin, G. H., Porchay, I., Pean, F., Bellili, N., Betoulle, D., Balkau, B., Tichet, J., Marre, M., Fumeron, F., Group D.E.S.I.R., Chatellier, G., Alhenc-Gelas, F., Diabhycar, Study Group, Nichols, G. A., Brown, J. B., Hayes, R. P., Bowman, L., Drexel, H., Saely, C. H., Marte, T., Benzer, W., Langer, P., Hoefle, G., Moll, W., Aczel, S., Karagiannis, E., Lubben, G., Urquhart, R., Edwards, G., Bruce, S., Howlett, H. S. C., Cugnardey, N., Turner, K. C., Park, J-S, Fiedorek, F. T., Avogaro, A., Gallo, A., Pinton, P., Rizzuto, R., Murphy, E., Ceolotto, G., Caterson, I., Guy-Grand, B., Hill, J., Barone, M., Aiello, A., Allochis, G., Borzi, V., Cannata, F., Caronna, S., D Avanzo, A., Elli, R., Formoso, G., Paroli, A., Scardapane, R., Sorichetti, P., Tatti, P., Viviani, G., Santeusanio, F., Italian Repaglinide Study Group, Manzella, D., Grella, R., Abbatecola, A. M., Paolisso, G., Sondergaard, L. G., Monster, T. B. M., Johnsen, S. P., Olsen, M. L., Mclaughlin, J. K., Sorensen, H. T., Lervang, H. H., Rungby, J., Lyssenko, V., Fredriksson, J., Almgren, P., Anevski, D., Orho-Melander, M., Sjogren, M., Tuomi, T., Groop, L., Jaziri, R., Aubert, R., Tuomilehto, J., Hu, G., Jousilahti, P., Peltonen, M., Lindstrom, J., Laina, A., Alevizaki, M., Philippou, G., Souvatzoglou, A., Anastasiou, E., Alba, S., Metcalf, B. S., Voss, L. D., Jeffery, A. N., Wilkin, T. J., Gluimer, C., Colagiuri, S., Vistisen, D., Borch-Johnsen, K., Haynes, A., Bower, C., Bulsara, M. K., Jones, T. W., Davis, E. A., Mortensen, H. B., Hougaard, P., Holl, R., Swift, P., Pociot, F., Knip, M., Hansen, L., Szadkowska, A., Pietrzak, I., Zmyslowska, A., Wyka, K., Bodalski, J., Holl, R. W., Swift, R., Hougaard, R., Gerstl, E-M, Engelsberger, I., Rabl, W., Rosenbauer, J., Grobe, H., Hofer, S. E., Krause, U., DPV-Wiss-Study Group, Dabelea, D., Morgan, T., Pettitt, D. J., Dolan, L., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Pihoker, C., Hillier, T. A., Imperatore, G., Ruggiero, A., Hamman, R. E., Stylianou, A., Tentolouris, N., Perrea, D., Tselepis, A. D., Lourida, E., Kitsou, E., Katsilambros, N., Vedovato, M., Dodesini, A. R., Lepore, G., Tiengo, A., Trevisan, R., Penno, G., Miccoli, R., Pucci, L., Lucchesi, D., Bandinelli, S., Fotino, C., Triscornia, S., Baldassari, E., Del Prato, S., Reboldi, P., Santeusanio, E., Fuller, J., Langham, R. G., Gow, R. M., Zhang, Y., Kelly, D. J., Christensen, P. K., Parving, H-H, Gilbert, R. E., Chibalin, A. V., Zhong, Z., Kotova, O., Davidescu, A., Ehren, I., Ekberg, K., Wahren, J., Wassef, L., Buckley, A. J., Rooney, K. B., Briody, J., Thompson, M., Ozanne, S. E., Thompson, C. H., Chamson-Reig, A., Summers, K., Arany, E. J. R., Hill, D. J., Solerte, S. B., Gazzaruso, C., Locatelli, E., Precerutti, S., Schifino, N., Ferrari, E., Fioravanti, M., Phenekos, C. V., Ginis, A., Fragaki, I., Chalkiadaki, M., Tzioras, C., Powell, L. A., Mcguire, G. M., Jewhurst, V., Trimble, E. R., Rasmussen, B. M., Vessby, B., Uusitupa, M., Berglund, L., Pedersen, E., Riccardi, G., Rivellese, A. A., Tapsell, L., Hermansen, K., Kanwu, Study Group, Da Silva Xavier, G., Rutter, J., Rutter, G. A., Briaud, I. M., Lingohr, M. K., Dickson, L. M., Mccuaig, J. R., Lawrence, J. C., Rhodes, C. J., Wikstrom, J. D., Katzman, S. M., Shirihai, O. S., Yang, J., Deng, S., Wang, X., Hessner, M. J., Wu, J., Wong, R. K., Sukumvanich, S., Markman, J. F., Naji, A., Wolf, B. A., Gao, Z., Rubi, B., Del Arco, A., Satrustegui, J., Maechler, P., Del Guerra, S., Lupi, R., Bugliani, M., Sbrana, S., Torri, S., Boggi, U., Vistoli, F., Mosca, F., Marchetti, P., Rennings, A. J. M., Smits, P., Stewart, M. W., Tack, C. J. J., Li, L., Nystrom, T., Gutniak, M., Ahren, B., Holst, J., Sjoholm, A., Gomes, M. B., Cailleaux, S., Tibirica, E., Albertini, J-P, Chen, H., Mather, R., Valensi, P. E., Chisalita, S. I., Arnqvist, H. J., Kraenkel, N., Adams, V., Linke, A., Gielen, S., Schuler, G., Humbrecht, R., Cipollone, F., Iezzi, A., Fazia, M., Pini, B., Cucurullo, C., Cesare, D., Schmidt, A. M., Mazurek, T., Zang, L. F., Mannion, J., Diehl, J., Martin, J., Martella, A., Zalewski, A., Shi, Y., Otter, W., Winter, M., Doering, W., Standi, E., Schnell, O., Kragelund, C., Kober, L., Faber, J., Hildebrandt, P., Steffensen, R., Pankowska, E., Szypowska, A., Lipka, M., Herwig, J., Scholl-Schilling, G., Bohles, H., Robertson, K. J., Schonle, E., Gucev, Z., Mordhorst, L., Tamer, S. C., Gall, M-A, Ludvigsson, J., Hoogma, R. P. L., Hammond, P. J., Gomis, R., Kerr, D., Bruttomesso, D., Bouter, P., Wiefels, K. J., La Calle, H., Schweitzer, D. H., Pfohl, M., Torlone, E., Krinelke, L. G., 205-Nations Study Group, Conget, I., Storms, F., Rodriguez, J., Leperlier, C., Davies, M., At Lantus, Study Group, Peter, R., Luzio, S. D., Dunseath, G., Miles, A., Hare, B., Backx, K., Pauvaday, V., Owens, D. R., Caselli, A., Marfia, G. A., Battista, C., Veves, A., Spallone, V., Uccioli, L., Gonzalez, J. S., Peyrot, M. F., Rubin, R. R., Leventhal, H., Scheffler, N., Ulbrecht, J. S., Cavanagh, P. R., Boulton, A. J., Perrin, N. A., Oglesby, A., Bastyr, E. J., Ziegler, D., Siekierka-Kleiser, E., Meyer, B., Schweers, M., Selvarajah, D., Wilkinson, I. D., Emery, C. J., Shaw, P. J., Griffiths, P. D., Tesfaye, S., Obrosova, I. G., Arezzo, J., Phillips, K., Fidarestat Study Group, Gribble, F. M., Williams, L., Reimann, F., Iakoubov, R., Whiteside, C., Brubaker, P. L., Acitores, A., Gonzalez, N., Sancho, V., Valverde, I., Villanueva-Penacarrillo, M. L., Martin-Duce, A., Trigo, M. V., Arnes, L., Burkart, V., Ichino, N., Ohashi, A., Klein, B. S., Paxian, S., Schmid, R., Karlsen, A. E., Heding, P. E., Frobose, H., Ronn, S. G., Kruhoffer, M., Orntoft, T. F., Nerup, J., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Billestrup, N., Cardozo, A. K., Ortis, F., Feng, Y-M, Rasschaert, J., Eylen, F., Storling, J., Herchuelz, A., Eizirik, D. L., Wang, H., Kouri, G., Wollheim, C. B., Ribaux, P., Hammar, E., Parnaud, G., Rouiller, D., Bosco, D., Halban, P., Midthjell, K., Carlsson, S., Grill, V., Lau, C., Farch, K., Glumer, C., Tetens, I., Jorgensen, T., Tillin, T., Forouhi, N., Mckeigue, P., Chaturvedi, N., Zethelius, B., Hales, C. N., Berne, C., Coleman, R. L., Stevens, R. J., Holman, R. R., Christensen, J. O., Sandbak, A., Lauritzen, T., Irwin, N., Gault, V. A., Green, B. D., Harriott, P., O Harte, F. P. M., Bouman, S. D., Urso, B., Brand, C. L., Rolin, B., Ribel, U., Schaffer, L., Maggs, D. G., Ceriello, A., Frias, J. P., Wang, Y., Ruggles, J. A., Kolterman, O. G., Piconi, L., Weyer, C., Want, L. L., Ratner, R. E., Uwaifo, G. I., Thornberry, N. A., Eiermann, G., Kim, D., Lankas, G., Leiting, B., Li, Z., Lyons, K., Petrov, A., Sinha Roy, R., Woods, A., Woods, J., Zhang, B. B., Fisher, M., Moller, D. E., Weber, A. E., Dreyer, M., Bellin, C., Schmitz, V., Roesen, R., Nescheret, A. P., Bose, A. K., Mocanu, M. M., Carr, R. D., Yellon, D. M., Manolopoulos, K., Born, S., Wagner, A., Jeziorska, M., Ben Drief, A., Bashir, M., Tomlinson, D., Malik, R. A., Zeymer, U., Schwarzmaier-D Assie, A., Petzinna, D., Chiasson, J-L, Stratton, I. M., Af Bjorkesten, C-G, Fagerudd, J., Rosengard-Barlund, M., Forsblom, C., Pettersson-Fernholm, K., Waden, J., Saraheimo, M., Ronnback, M., Thorn, L., Groop, P-H, Mollsten, A., Svensson, M., Kockum, I., Rudberg, S., Brismar, K., Dahlquist, G., Hovind, P., Hansen, T. K., Tarnow, L., Thiel, S., Jensen, B. R., Flyvbjerg, A., Kankova, K., Hertlova, M., Krusova, D., Schwenke, S., Ott, J., Thom, S. A. M., Mistry, P., Sjolie, A., Larsen, B., Witt, N., Hughes, A. D., Samira, H. H., Lahiry, S., Howlader, S. R., Parveen, S., Azad Khan, A. K., Clarke, P. M., Gray, A., Stevens, R., Holman, R., Phillips, L., Phillips, P. J., Chittleborough, C., Baldock, K., Taylor, A., North West Adelaide Health Study Team, Davis, W. A., Davis, T. M. E., Knuiman, M. W., Hendrie, D., Worthley, D., Nicolucci, A., Pellegrini, F., Berardis, G., Franciosi, M., Belfiglio, M., Rossi, M. C. E., Sacco, M., Valentini, M., Richardson, C. C., Jones, P., Persaud, S., Hussain, K., Clark, A., Christie, M. R., Gniuli, D., Hribal, M. L., Accili, D., Khan, M., Zervou, S., Cheung, L., Abouna, S., Ifandi, V., Pelengaris, S., Luco, R. F., Ferrer, J., Ma, D., Shield, J. P. H., Dean, W., Leclerc, I., Knauf, C., Burcelin, R., Kelsey, G., Powers, A. C., Shostak, A., Ferrara, N., Poffenberger, G., Jerome, W. G., Brissova, M., Geloneze, S. R., Tambascia, M. A., Pareja, J. C., Chaim, E., Silveira, H. V., Geloneze, B., Ravikumar, B., Carey, P. E., Snaar, J. E., Dheelchand, D., Cook, D. B., Neely, D., Taylor, G., Morris, P. G., Taylor, R., Stears, A. J., Masding, M. G., Wootton, S. A., Sandeman, D. D., Klimes, I., Wein, S., Gasperikova, D., Ukropec, J., Wiernsperger, N., Sebokova, E., Manco, M., Mingrone, G., Granato, L., Greco, A. V., Nanni, G., Castagneto, M., Vidal, H., Calvani, M., Ferrannini, E., Alvarsson, M., Sundkvist, G., Lager, I., Henricsson, M., Berntorp, K., Fernqvist-Forbes, E., Steen, L., Orn, T., Shutler, S., Bianchi-Biscay, M., Rosenstock, J., Sugimoto, D., Strange, P., Stewart, J., Soltes Rak, E., Dailey, G., Kloos, C., Muller, U., Samann, A., Femerling, M., Risse, A., Jecht, M., Haak, T., Garg, R., Lawrence, I. G., Akinsola, M. O., Davies, M. J., Mcnally, P. G., Garber, A. J., Kim, H., Draeger, E., Aydin, L., Sengul, A., Kurklu, A., Ucak, S., Basat, O., Seber, S., Altuntas, Y., Jin, J., Yu, Y., Yu, H., Zhang, X., Mattoo, V., Eckland, D., Widel, M., Duran, S., Fajardo, C., Strand, J., Knight, D., Oakley, D., Tan, M., Sato, A., Nagao, M., Aki, N., Nakagami, T., Iwamoto, Y., Zhou, Z., Li, X., Huang, G., Yan, X., Yang, L., Peng, J., Wang, J., Tan, S., Tang, W., Furnsinn, C., Brunmair, B., Wagner, L., Gras, F., Artwohl, M., Zierhut, B., Waldhausl, W., Shine, B. L., Hopkins, D., Anand, V., Lim, E., Raval, U., Sharp, P., Corder, R., Lipkin, D., Lahiri, A., Bartnik, M., Ryden, L., Ferrari, R., Malmberg, K., Pyorala, K., Simoons, M. L., Standl, E., Soler-Soler, J., Ohrvik, J., Euro Heart Survey Investigators, Bruce, D. G., Starkstein, S. E., Schauer, U. J. W., Astrup, A. S., Pietraszek, L., Nielsen, F. S., Rossing, P., Ali, S., Smidt, U. M., Yokoyama, H., Pavkov, M. E., Knowler, W. C., Bennett, P. H., Nelson, R. G., Lopez-Alba, A., Morcillo, L., Caballero, A., Montoya, L., Jimenez, A., Maceira, B., Lewis, J. B., Ravid, M., Wajman, A., Tadgell, C., Remuzzi, G., Hunsicker, L. G., Wessman, M., Taskinen, M-R, FinnDiane Study Group, Pugliese, G., Amadio, L., Menini, S., Oddi, G., Ricci, C., Iacobini, C., Pricci, F., Sorcini, M., Pesce, C., Migliaccio, E., Giorgio, M., Pelicci, P., Di Mario, U., Lassila, M., Jandeleit-Dahm, K., Seah, K. K., Calkin, A. C., Allen, T. J., Cooper, M. E., Lopes Faria, J. M., Cavakcanti, T. C., Silva, K. C., Ferrari, A. L., Lopes Faria, J. B., Cellek, S., Foxwell, N. A., Cotter, M. A., Cameron, N. E., Tennagels, N., Jordan, H., Stahl, P., Voss, M. D., Welte, S., Werner, U., Lehmann, R., Moeschel, K., Baumgartner, F., Oeckinghaus, A., Beck, A., Weigert, C., Hennige, A., Schleicher, E. D., Haring, H. U., Mussig, K., Staiger, H., Haring, H-U, Natalicchio, A., Laviola, L., Tullio, C., Renna, L., Giorgino, R., Giorgino, F., Falasca, M., Maffucci, T., Park, D., Kang, S., Song, J., Lee, D., Lee, Y., Hariharan, N., Kunselman, L., Gu, L., Sasseville, V., Harrity, T., Cheng, P. T. W., Pratley, R. E., Schweizer, A., Mills, D., Kim, T-H, Song, X-L, Poelje, P. D., Potter, S. C., Dang, Q., Fujitaki, J. M., Linemeyer, D. L., Landau, B. R., Erion, M. D., Pankop, M., Golay, A., Despres, J., Sjostrom, L., Lawlor, D. L., Legg, K. T., Ur, E., Houweling, S. T., Kleefstra, N., Meyboom-De Jong, B., Bilo, H. J. G., Schlomer, G. J., Meyer, G., Kasper, J., Muhlhauser, I., Young, B., Taylor, J., Friede, T., Hollis, S., Mason, J., Long, A., Gambling, T., Pauline, L., Burns, E., New, J., Gibson, M., Betteridge, D. J., Leiter, L. A., Audit, Investigators, Whitty, P. M., Eccles, M. P., Hawthorne, G., Grimshaw, J., Steen, I. N., Vanoli, A., Wood, L., Speed, C., Mcdowell, D., Rewers, M., Maahs, D., Wadwa, R., Eckel, R., Tracy, R., Pfutzner, A., Strotmann, H-J, Schulze, J., Hohberg, C., Pahler, S., Forst, T., Ambery, P. D., Sydall, H., Cooper, C., Dennison, E., Sayer, A. Aihie, Barker, D., Phillips, D., Lalic, N. M., Ostojic, M., Lalic, K., Zamaklar, M., Jotic, A., Ilic, M., Rajkovic, N., Lukic, L., Milicic, T., Verges, B., Zeller, M., Steg, P. G., Beer, J. C., Brisard, C., Brindisi, M. C., Dentan, G., Laurent, Y., Janin-Manificat, L., Makki, H., Ravisy, J., Cottin, Y., Ajjan, R. A., Grant, P. J., Futers, T. S., Brown, J. M., Carter, A. M., Rasmussen, M. S., Bruun, J. M., Pedersen, S. B., Richelsen, B., Dietze-Schroeder, D., Sell, H., Koenen, M., Eckel, J., Delporte, M-L L., Bauche, I. B., Brichard, S. M., Ait El Mkadem, S., Rezsohazy, R., Tsiotra, P. C., Tsigos, C., Gatsiou, C., Raptis, S. A., Walker, C. G., Bryson, J. M., Hancock, D. P., Caterson, I. D., Takahashi, N., Hatakeyama, H., Kasai, H., Gauthier, B. R., Iezzi, M., Fukuda, M., Duhamel, D. L., Ravier, M. A., Dufer, M., Neye, Y., Krippeit-Drews, P., Hennige, A. M., Sausbier, U., Arntz, C., Sausbier, M., Neuhuber, W., Ruth, P., Drews, G., Beauvois, M. C., Rolland, J-F, Jonas, J-C, Merezak, C., Henquin, J-C, Gilon, P., Jabin Gustafsson, A., Dzabic, M., Islam, M. S., Vaxillaire, M., Cheyssac, C., Dina, C., Vasseur-Delannoy, V., Lepretre, F., Siddiq, A., Froguel, P., Neve, B., Fernandez-Zapico, M. E., Ashkenazi-Katalan, V., Urrutia, R., Melloul, D., Froguel, R., Poulsen, P., Wojtaszewski, J., Richter, E., Vaag, A., Granhall, C., Renstrom, E., Luthman, H., Isomaa, B., Gloyn, A. L., Edghill, E. L., Pearson, E. R., Mackay, D. J. G., Temple, I. K., Noyes, K., Freedenberg, D., Gillespie, K. M., Lambert, A. P., Gale, E. A., Ellard, S., Hattersley, A. T., Fanelli, C. G., Porcellati, F., Rossetti, P., Busciantella, N. R., Billi, C., Burrin, D. G., Bolli, G. B., Bingham, E. M., Dunn, J., Sutcliffe-Goulden, J., Marsden, P., Amiel, S., Davis, R. E., Kennedy-Martin, T., Peters, J. R., Wittrup-Jensen, K. U., Mcewan, P., Morrissey, M., Currie, C. J., Akram, K., Pedersen-Bjergaard, U., Thorsteinsson, B., Pibernik-Okanovic, M., Peros, K., Begic, D., Szabo, S., Metelko, Z., Vlaiculescu, M. V., Calota, I., Busila, T., Bruckner, I., Giannakopoulou, D. F., Lindner, H. D., Hrachovinova, T., Fejfarova, V., Csemy, L., Malcomson, J., Campbell, M., Pandolfi, A., Giardinelli, A., Di Tomo, P., Di Silvestre, S., Di Fulvio, P., Capani, F., Consoli, A., Roesen, P., Patruno, A., Grilli, A., Capani, R., Felaco, M., Boner, G., Mccarroll, K., Brenner, B. M., Zeeuw, D., Kowey, P., Shahinfar, S., Crow, R. S., Iso, K., Kuboki, K., Tada, H., Yoshino, G., Schjoedt, K. J., Andersen, S., Distiller, L. A., Degenhardt, T. P., Szabo, J. R., Khalifah, R. G., Schotzinger, R. J., Achenbach, P., Knopff, A., Naserke, H., Ziegler, A. G., Bonifacio, E., Valera, L., Jardin, B., Roche, S., Lampasona, V., Pugniere, M., Roquet, F., Granier, C., Laune, D., Afifiyan, F., Cheung, R., Yantha, J., Jackowski, G., Dosch, H-M, Nakanishi, K., Kogawa, N., Komatsu, Y., Fontes, G., Imamura, T., Ilic, C., Puech, C., Ktorza, A., Bataille, D., Dalle, S., Sorensen, H., Fosgerau, K., Gelling, R. W., Nishimura, E., Andersen, B., Madsen, P., Lau, J., Streicher, R., Wagner, K., Vettermann, R., Potterat, O., Renard, E., Panteleon, A. E., Kolopp, M., Rebrin, K., Steil, G., Steil, G. M., Hariri, F., Darwin, C., Saad, M. F., Buckingham, B., Kunselman, B., Wong, L., Istoc, E., Leach, J., Purvis, R., Monfre, S. L., Fischer, J. S., Garg, S., Ahmann, A. J., Ruchti, T. L., Gandhi, G. Y., Nuttall, G. A., Mullany, C. J., Schaff, H. V., Williams, B. A., Rizza, R. A., Mcmahon, M. M., Gates, G., Mentel, J., Smith, R., Crook, J., Hosszufalusi, N., Vatay, A., Palik, E., Fust, G., Karadi, I., Romics, L., Panczel, P., Aurich, K., Voelker, U., Braun, A., Muller, U. A., Nguyen, L. L., Kriketos, A. D., Hancock, D., Denver, G. S., Uceyler, N., Schutt, M., Lesch, K-P, Mossner, R., Sommer, C., Seda, O., Liska, F., Kazdova, L., Sedova, L., Krenova, D., Zima, T., Tremblay, J., Kren, V., Hamet, P., Kloting, N., Follak, N., Kloting, I., Dessapt, C., Dei Cas, A., Baradez, M-O, Hayward, A., Thomas, S., Viberti, G., Gnudi, L., Gale, C. P., Jandeleit-Dahm, K. A. M., Thallas, V., Thomas, M. C., Candido, R., Burns, W. C., Forbes, J. M., Shymanskyy, I., Kuchmerovska, T., Klimenko, A., Jaeckel, E., Manns, M. P., Boehmer, H., Hedrich, H. J., Tellez, N., Montolio, M., Estimes, E., Rodriguez-Mulero, S., Soler, J., Montanya, E., Liu, Y., Chen, J., Rowlands, D., Chan, H., Simeonov, I. S., Anthony, K., Bingham, E., Marsden, P. K., Amiel, S. 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P., Majdrakova, I., Varbanova, T., Todorova, B., Bajo-Martinez, A., Bernal, E., Sanchez, O., Ugalde-Canitrot, A., Sanchez-Largo, E., Coca-Robinot, D., Fabregate, R., Calbacho, M., Marquez, J., Saban-Ruiz, J., Penesova, A., Cizmarova, E., Blazicek, P., Jongh, R. T., Serne, E. H., Ijzerman, R. G., Vries, G., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Poulsen, P. L., Andersen, N. H., Knudsen, S. T., Helleberg, K., Mogensen, C. E., Walus, M., Idzior-Walus, B., Sztefko, K., Cieslik, G., Fedak, D., Wozniakiewicz, E., Lin, S. D., Guo, M. Y., Lin, C. J., Liu, X. C., Francisco, M-M J., Rodriguez-Rosas, H., Peiro-Martinez, I., Macias-Batista, A., Harte, A. L., Rodriguez-Cuenca, S., Valsamakis, G., Chetty, R., Anderson, L. A., Roca, P., Matyka, K., Lasalle, J., Hershon, K., Berman, L., Gibson, E., Gillen, D., Maroni, J., Simmons, D., Hiukka, A., Forder, P., Leinonen, E., Hilden, H., Fruchart, J., Fruchart, J-C, Keech, A., Farnier, M., Freeman, M., Macdonell, G., Perevozskaya, I., Mitchel, Y., Gumbiner, B., Didangelos, T. P., Athyros, V. G., Mikhailidis, D. P., Papageorgiou, A. A., Bouloukos, V. I., Pehlivanidis, A. N., Symeonidis, A. N., Elisaf, M., Mckenney, J., Insull, W. Jr, Lewin, A., Maccubbin, D., Lee, M., Kush, D., Schuster, H., Barter, P. J., Stender, S., Cheung, R. C., Bonnet, J., Morrell, J. M., Watkins, C., Kallend, D., Stalenhoef, A. F. H., Ballantyne, C. M., Murin, J., Tonstad, S., Rose, H., Wilpshaar, W., Jenkins, A., Karschimkus, C., Dragicevic, G., Rowley, K., Wolthers, T., Best, J. D., Voet, B., Murdoch, S. J., Marcovina, S. M., Chen, H. C., Brunzell, J. D., Caparevic, Z. V., Kostic, N. D., Ilic, S. M., Sartore, G., Piarulli, F., Cantaro, S., Reitano, R., Fiore, C., Marin, R., Bassan, S., Manzato, E., Fedele, D., Solini, A., Santini, E., Thornalley, P. J., Babaei-Jadidi, R., Karachalias, N., Kupich, C., Ahmed, N., Fowler, A. E., Baker, A. R., Starczynski, J., O Hare, P., Szepietowska, B., Szelachowska, M., Puch, U., Glebocka, A., Quinn, D. W., Da Silva, N. F., Mcternan, C. L., Bonser, R. S., Mcternan, P., Dimitriou, K., Apostolou, O., Kontela, E., Devangelio, E., Gould, E. M., Serri, O., Roussin, A., Buithieu, J., Mamputu, J-C, Renier, G., Giordanetti, S., Amici, E., Poggi, G., Turpini, C., Fratino, P., Garzaniti, A., Yin, D., Banu, I., Roman, G., Negrean, M., Bala, C. G., Nita, C., Kistorp, C., Gustafsson, F., Chong, A., Lip, G., Galatius, S., Shearer, A. T., Ari, N., Sahilli, M., Ceylan-Isik, A., Ozansoy, G., Karasu-Yilmaz, C., Matteucci, E., Rosada, J., Pallini, M., Evangelista, I., Cassetti, G., Giusti, C., Giampietro, O., Capaldo, B., Galderisi, M., Cicala, S., Turco, A., Imbroinise, A., Nosso, G., D Errico, A., Divitiis, O., Klimontov, V. V., Korolyova, E. A., Jeltova, L. I., Bondar, I. A., Tarkun, I., Arslan, B., Canturk, Z., Tarkun, P., Agacdiken, A., Komsuoglu, B., Meneveau, N., Pierre-Justin, E., Alsayed, M., Sabbah, R., Paulin, S., Marcu, S., Tauveron, I., Zimmermann, C., Schiele, F., Seronde, M-E, Vautrin, P., Lusson, J-R, Thieblot, P., Bernard, Y., Mistry, A., Pye, M. P., Peovska, I., Maksimovic Pavlovic, J., Vavlukis, M., Pop Gorceva, D., Bosevski, M., Scognamiglio, R., Negut, C., Kreutzenberg, S., Madonna, R., Caterina, R., Willerson, J. T., Geng, Y-J, Vahsen, S., Ledwig, D., Ramrath, S., Frantz, S., Schmidt, I., Calvillo, L., Dienesch, C., Elbing, I., Bischoff, H., Ertl, G., Bauersachs, J., Davydov, A. L., Mkrtum Yan, A. M., Baranova, L. Y., Ikeda, Y., Suehiro, T., Osaki, F., Ota, K., Arii, K., Kumon, Y., Hashimoto, K., Doney, A. S. F., Fischer, B., Morris, A. D., Palmer, C. N. A., Ahn, Y-M, Lee, B-C, Kim, S-I, Byun, S-H, Ahn, S-Y, Doo, H-K, Pagnin, E., Calo, L. A., Fadini, G., Kubaszek, A., Chai, S., Chai, Q., Rasmussen, L., Ledet, T., Wogensen, L., Lengyel, C., Varro, A., Virag, L., Magyar, J., Biro, T., Jost, N., Skoumal, R., Nanasi, P., Toth, M., Horkay, F., Papp, J. G., Zacharopoulou, O., Athanaselis, S., Tsokos, N., Doupis, J., Psallas, M., Cokkinos, D., Pavlatos, S., Liatis, S., Akhobadze, T., Dzneladze, L., Samarguliani, I., Taskiran, M., Rasmussen, V., Rasmussen, B., Jensen, G. B., Fisher, A. A., Petrovsky, N., Davis, M. W., Srikusalanukul, W., Budge, M. M., Trifunovic-Zamaklar, D. D., Zivkovic, M., Jelic, V., Vukomanovic, G., Ristic, A. D., Seferovic, P. M., Costa, J. V., Duarte, S., Manley, S. E., Sailesh, S., Venkataraman, A., Haider, Y., Groza, I., Oprean, M., Ardelean, A., Morosanu, A., Darkow, T., Vanderplas, A., Mamas, M. A., Mcelduff, P., Burns, J., Edwards, R., Fitchet, A., Young, R. J., Gibson, J. M., New, J. P., Lichiardopol, R., Niculescu, N., Totora, A., Pencea, C., Tomescu, I., Cinteza, M., Manicardi, V., Coscelli, C., Navazio, A., Catellani, E., Michelini, M., Dall Asta, D., Guberti, A., Piazza, A., Gasparini, E., Pantaleoni, M., Guiducci, U., Manari, A., Sejil, S., Janand-Delenne, B., Avierinos, J-F, Habib, G., Labastie, N., Vague, P., Lassmann-Vague, V., Luzniak, P., Wojciechowska Luzniak, A., Zairis, M., Lyras, A., Patsourakos, N., Tsirimbis, V., Foussas, S., Lupon, J., Urrutia, A., Herreros, J., Gonzalez, B., Coll, R., Altimir, S., Prats, M., Valle, V., Abreu-Padi, C., Rabago, G., Ivanova, L. A., Brasacchio, D., Calkin, A., Jandeleit-Dahm, K. A., Harno, E., Keenan, A. K., Li, H. L., Yu, Y. R., Lu, Z. M., Zhang, X. E., Ke, L., Liu, H., Zhang, X. X., Jeong, I-K, Chae, M-K, Choi, M-H, Yoo, H-J, Kim, C. D., Yun, M. R., Na, M. A., Kang, Y. H., Kong, O. N., Son, S. M., Kim, I. J., Kim, Y. K., Tanaka, N., Hosoi, M., Matsuyama, Y., Fukumoto, M., Yamakita, T., Yoshioka, K., Ishii, T., Sato, T., Fujii, S., Aoki, T., Shibata, T., Mizutani, N., Suzuki, J-Y, Fowelin, J. H. R., Samuelsson, P., Brandrup-Wogsen, G., Okumura, K., Tokmakova, A. Y., Staroverova, D. N., Antcieferov, M. B., Shutichina, I. V., Kuntchevich, G. I., Vriesendorp, T. M., Morelis, Q. J., Legemate, D. A., Schaper, F., Mainas, E. I., Gkioulmpasanis, I., Panagiotou, I., Vassilikos, G., Skorda, L., Sidira, M., Christoforidou, M., Alaveras, A., Artikis, V., Evdemon, E., Lechleitner, M., Koch, T., Ebenbichler, C., Sturm, W., Moretti, L., Moruzzo, D., Boldrini, E., Pandolfo, C., Kameyama, M., Iwasa, R., Cho, M-H, Nam, J-Y, Kim, C-S, Kim, D-M, Ahn, C-W, Cha, B-S, Lim, S-K, Kim, K-R, Lee, H-C, Huh, K-B, Kaplar, M., Paragh, G., Erdei, A., Csongradi, E., Garai, I., Varga, J., Galuska, L., Udvardy, M., Higa, M., Kaneko, Y., Hiroi, N., Koziarska, D., Nowacki, P., Majkowska, L., Wojciechowska-Luzniak, A., Tushuizen, M. E., Nieuwland, R., Snoeck, D. P., Sturk, A., Diamant, M., Aguiar, L. G. K., Bahia, L., Villela, N., Laflor, C., Conde, C., Bottino, D., Dorigo, D., Bouskela, E., Pu, S., Yu, H. L., Luo, Z. T., Lam, K. S. L., Dan, Q., Xu, A., Shen, J., Cheng, K., Xu, J. Y. U., Thamer, C., Stefan, N., Haap, M., Heller, E., Tschritter, O., Prado, A., Ortiz, A., Ybarra, J., Gich, I., Pou, J. M., Ehren, M., Meyer, M. F., Roggenland, D., Reinsen, B., Klein, H. H., Rittig, K., Stock, J., Kocher, B., Balletshofer, B., Lee, J., Shon, H. S., Chung, D. S., Nakatani, Y., Matsuhisa, M., Kaneto, H., Hatazaki, M., Yoshiuchi, K., Katakami, N., Kawamori, D., Ohtoshi, K., Sakamoto, K., Matsuoka, T-A, Ozawa, K., Ogawa, S., Hori, M., Yamasaki, Y., Zitouni, K., Harry, D., Nourooz-Zadeh, J., Betteridge, J. D., Earle, K. A., Rasmussen, L. M., Olesen, P., Franco, L., Corvaja, C., Semplicini, A., Rosen, P., Lee, I-K, Kim, M-J, Park, K-G, Jung, E-D, Shin, D-W, Jo, S-R, Obuobie, K., Prakash, P. K., Hanna, F. W., Evans, M., Lazarus, J., Varadhan, L., Gurushankar, J., James, D., Sheikh, S., Gaede, P., Li, H., Zou, D., Lee, S. J., Choi, M. G., Kim, D. S., Kim, T. W., Vilarrasa, N., Perez-Maraver, M., Mena, E., Perez, D., Setti, G., Buckingham, R., Urbancic, V., Stefanovska, A., Bernjak, A., Azman-Juvan, K., Kocijancic, A., Glowania, A., Filters, T. S., Fosmark, D. S., Torjesen, P. A., Kilhovd, B., Berg, T. J., Sandvik, L., Hanssen, K. F., Mentink, C. J. A., Kilhovd, B. K., Kuchmerovska, T. M., Shymanskyy, I. O., Donchenko, G. V., Stepanenko, S. P., Klimenko, A. P., Park, J., Maingrette, F., Deng, H. C., Lindenmair, A., Waldhausl, W. K., Freudenthaler, A., Baumgartner-Parzer, S. M., Nizheradze, K., Khoruzhenko, A., Tronko, N., Sheu, W. H. H., Ou, H-C, Shen, H-M, Lin, T-M, Wu, H-S, Yang, C-H, Mogylnytska, L., Mankovsky, B., Schmoelzer, I., Davies, J. I., Band, M., Morris, A., Struthers, A. D., Prazny, M., Skrha, J., Kasalova, Z., Neelotpol, S., Jahan, P., Kauschke, S. G., Harrop, C. A., Schafer, A., Widder, J., Eigenthaler, M., Walter, U., Uchimura, I., Ikebukuro, M., Kaibara, M., Hirata, M., Helal, R., Pervin, F., Khan, A. K. A., Yang, X., Jansson, P-A, Nagaev, I., Jack, M. M., Carvalho, E., Sunnerhagen, K. Stibrant, Cam, M. C., Cushman, S. W., Smith, U., Creely, S. J., Farmer, J., Creely, S., Gustafson, B., Kusminski, C. M., Krusinova, E., Wohl, P., Klementova, M., Lanska, V., Mcdougall, C., Thomas, S. J., Kelly, I., Abbas, Z. G., Lutale, J. K., Archibald, L. K., Karunajeewa, H., Stingemore, N., Stuccio, G., Mcgechie, D., Muller, L. M. A., Hak, E., Goudzwaard, W. L., Montorsi, F., Homering, M., Sprenger, K., Goldstein, I., Asnaghi, V., Ferrari, G., Rastaldi, M., Gabellini, D., Antonio, G., Maestroni, A., Ruggieri, D., Luzi, L., Piemonti, L., Zerbini, G., Anafaroglu, I., Tutuncu, N. B., Sultana, M., Siddiqua, N., Iwasaki, T., Nakajima, A., Yoneda, M., Mukasa, K., Tanaka, S., and Sekihara, H.

33. Conversion of Radioactive Orotic Acid into Pyrimidine Nucleotides of Nucleic Acid by Slices of Rat Liver

Author

D W Wilson, Edmonds M, and Lawrence L. Weed

Subjects
Orotic Acid, chemistry.chemical_classification, Orotic acid, Chromatography, Chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Alcohol, Ether, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Rats, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrolysis, Pyrimidines, Radioactivity, Liver, Biochemistry, Nucleic Acids, Nucleic acid, medicine, Animals, Pyrimidine Nucleotides, Nucleotide, Trichloroacetic acid, medicine.drug
Abstract

It has been demonstrated that slices of rat liver have caused the in vitro incorporation of radioactive orotic acid into the pyrimidine nucleotides of nucleic acid and not into the purines.Three milligrams of orotic acid (labeled in the 4 position) were incubated with about 6 g of slices of rat liver for 5 hours at 37°C in a Krebs saline-phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. The solution was saturated with a 95% C02: 5% C02 mixture at the beginning and nothing was used to diminish bacterial action. The slices were homogenized after preliminary washing and the homogenate precipitated with 10% trichloroacetic acid. The extraction of lipids was then carried out with a 3:1 alcohol and ether solution. The nucleic acid was extracted from the protein with hot 10% NaCl and precipitated with alcohol. All of the dried impure nucleic acid (35 mg containing both r.n.a. and d.n.a.) was hydrolyzed with 0.75 cc of N HCl in a boiling water bath for one hour. This hydrolyzed the Purina nucleotides and left the pyramiding nucleotide...

Published
1950

35. Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes

Author

A. Alan, E. Corrales, I. M. Watson, Alessandro Aiuppa, Simon Carn, K.E. Rahilly, Alexandra Gutmann, J. M. de Moor, Gaetano Giudice, Jim Freer, Marie Edmonds, Jorge Andres Diaz, Nicole Bobrowski, Bo Galle, Kieran Wood, B. T. McCormick Kilbride, Tobias Fischer, G. M. Fricke, Emily Mason, Gustav Gerdes, Ima Itikarai, Thomas Richardson, Scott Nowicki, J. Jones, Julian Rüdiger, Robert Clarke, Kila Mulina, C. I. Schipper, Marcello Bitetto, Catherine Hayer, Santiago Arellano, Emma J. Liu, Liu, EJ [0000-0003-1749-9285], Aiuppa, A [0000-0002-0254-6539], Alan, A [0000-0002-6975-7066], Arellano, S [0000-0002-0306-3782], Bitetto, M [0000-0003-0460-9772], Carn, S [0000-0002-0360-6660], Clarke, R [0000-0002-5485-2992], Corrales, E [0000-0002-0494-3466], de Moor, JM [0000-0003-2380-5832], Diaz, JA [0000-0002-9628-3329], Edmonds, M [0000-0003-1243-137X], Fischer, TP [0000-0002-3467-0649], Fricke, GM [0000-0002-4466-8649], Galle, B [0000-0001-9989-809X], Gerdes, G [0000-0002-2534-8041], Giudice, G [0000-0002-9410-4139], Gutmann, A [0000-0002-2188-5384], Hayer, C [0000-0001-5734-0549], Jones, J [0000-0001-9877-2065], Mason, E [0000-0002-7050-6475], Mulina, K [0000-0002-3025-9190], Rahilly, K [0000-0003-1524-4262], Richardson, T [0000-0001-7767-452X], Watson, IM [0000-0001-9198-2203], Wood, K [0000-0002-5804-7704], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Liu E.J., Aiuppa A., Alan A., Arellano S., Bitetto M., Bobrowski N., Carn S., Clarke R., Corrales E., De Moor J.M., Diaz J.A., Edmonds M., Fischer T.P., Freer J., Fricke G.M., Galle B., Gerdes G., Giudice G., Gutmann A., Hayer C., Itikarai I., Jones J., Mason E., McCormick Kilbride B.T., Mulina K., Nowicki S., Rahilly K., Richardson T., Rudiger J., Schipper C.I., Watson I.M., and Wood K.

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, sub-05, 3705 Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Carbon cycle, Volcanic Gases, Flux (metallurgy), event, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, event.disaster_type, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, SciAdv r-articles, Sampling (statistics), Sediment, 37 Earth Sciences, 3703 Geochemistry, Plume, Applied Sciences and Engineering, Volcano, Physical Sciences, Manam, volcanic gases, UAS, Research Article
Abstract

Aerial measurements using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor volcanic plumes., Volcanic emissions are a critical pathway in Earth’s carbon cycle. Here, we show that aerial measurements of volcanic gases using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor plumes remotely and to constrain global volatile fluxes from volcanoes. Combining multi-scale measurements from ground-based remote sensing, long-range aerial sampling, and satellites, we present comprehensive gas fluxes—3760 ± [600, 310] tons day−1 CO2 and 5150 ± [730, 340] tons day−1 SO2—for a strong yet previously uncharacterized volcanic emitter: Manam, Papua New Guinea. The CO2/ST ratio of 1.07 ± 0.06 suggests a modest slab sediment contribution to the sub-arc mantle. We find that aerial strategies reduce uncertainties associated with ground-based remote sensing of SO2 flux and enable near–real-time measurements of plume chemistry and carbon isotope composition. Our data emphasize the need to account for time averaging of temporal variability in volcanic gas emissions in global flux estimates.

Published
2020

36. Contrasting Volcanic Deformation in Arc and Ocean Island Settings Due To Exsolution of Magmatic Water

Author

Stanley Tze Hou Yip, Juliet Biggs, Marie Edmonds, Philippa Liggins, Oliver Shorttle, Yip, STH [0000-0002-4713-5442], Biggs, J [0000-0002-4855-039X], Edmonds, M [0000-0003-1243-137X], Liggins, P [0000-0003-2880-6711], Shorttle, O [0000-0002-8713-1446], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
fossil fuel combustion, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, isotopic compositions, CO2 emissions, verification, source attribution
Abstract

Funder: Leverhulme Trust; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275, Funder: Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics, Funder: University of Cambridge Jesus College, University of Cambridge (Jesus College); Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000644, Two of the most widely observed co‐eruptive volcanic phenomena—Ground deformation and volcanic outgassing—Are fundamentally linked via the mechanism of magma degassing and the development of compressibility, which controls how the volume of magma changes in response to a change in pressure. Here we use thermodynamic models—Constrained by petrological data—To reconstruct volatile exsolution and the consequent changes in magma properties. We use the fraction of SO2 exsolved during decompression to predict co‐eruptive SO2 flux and magma compressibility to predict co‐eruptive surface deformation (both normalized by erupted volume). We conduct sensitivity tests using properties of typical basalts to assess how varying magma volatile content, crustal properties, and chamber geometry affect co‐eruptive deformation and degassing. We find that magmatic H2O content has the most impact on both SO2 flux and volume change. Our findings have general implications for typical basaltic systems in arc and ocean island settings. The higher water content of arc magmas makes them more compressible than ocean island magmas and leads to muted or non‐existent deformation being observed during arc eruptions. Our models are consistent with observation: Deformation has been detected during 48% of basaltic eruptions in ocean island settings (16/33) during the satellite era (2005–2020), but only 11% of basaltic eruptions in arc settings (7/61).

Published
2022

37. Open vent volcanoes fuelled by depth-integrated magma degassing

Author

Edmonds, Marie, Liu, Emma, Cashman, Katharine, Edmonds, M [0000-0003-1243-137X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Gas-dominated volcanoes, Open-vent volcanoes, Depth-integrated magma degassing
Abstract

Open-vent, persistently degassing volcanoes—such as Stromboli and Etna (Italy), Villarrica (Chile), Bagana and Manam (Papua New Guinea), Fuego and Pacaya (Guatemala) volcanoes—produce high gas fluxes and infrequent violent strombolian or ‘paroxysmal’ eruptions that erupt very little magma. Here we draw on examples of open-vent volcanic systems to highlight the principal characteristics of their degassing regimes and develop a generic model to explain open-vent degassing in both high and low viscosity magmas and across a range of tectonic settings. Importantly, gas fluxes from open-vent volcanoes are far higher than can be supplied by erupting magma and independent migration of exsolved volatiles is integral to the dynamics of such systems. The composition of volcanic gases emitted from open-vent volcanoes is consistent with its derivation from magma stored over a range of crustal depths that in general requires contributions from both magma decompression (magma ascent and /or convection) and iso- and polybaric second boiling processes. Prolonged crystallisation of water-rich basalts in crustal reservoirs produces a segregated exsolved hydrous volatile phase that may flux through overlying shallow magma reservoirs, modulating heat flux and generating overpressure in the shallow conduit. Small fraction water-rich melts generated in the lower and mid crust may play an important role in advecting volatiles to subvolcanic reservoirs. Excessive gas fluxes at the surface are linked to extensive intrusive magmatic activity and endogenous crustal growth, aided in many cases by extensional tectonics in the crust, which may control the longevity and activity of open-vent volcanoes. There is emerging abundant geophysical evidence for the existence of a segregated exsolved magmatic volatile phase in magma storage regions in the crust. Here we provide a conceptual picture of gas-dominated volcanoes driven by magmatic intrusion and degassing throughout the crust.

Published
2022

38. Rapid metal pollutant deposition from the volcanic plume of Kīlauea, Hawai’i

Author

Christoph Kern, Tamsin A. Mather, Lacey Holland, Marie Edmonds, David J. Schneider, Sarah E. Allen, Evgenia Ilyinskaya, Clive Oppenheimer, Rachel C. W. Whitty, James B. McQuaid, Tamar Elias, Emily Mason, David E. Damby, Emma J. Liu, Penny E. Wieser, Patricia A. Nadeau, Jason Harvey, Ilyinskaya, Evgenia [0000-0002-3663-9506], Mason, Emily [0000-0002-7050-6475], Wieser, Penny E. [0000-0002-1070-8323], Liu, Emma J. [0000-0003-1749-9285], Mather, Tamsin A. [0000-0003-4259-7303], Edmonds, Marie [0000-0003-1243-137X], Elias, Tamar [0000-0002-9592-4518], Nadeau, Patricia A. [0000-0002-6732-3686], McQuaid, James B. [0000-0001-8702-0415], Oppenheimer, Clive [0000-0003-4506-7260], Kern, Christoph [0000-0002-8920-5701], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Ilyinskaya, E [0000-0002-3663-9506], Mason, E [0000-0002-7050-6475], Wieser, PE [0000-0002-1070-8323], Liu, EJ [0000-0003-1749-9285], Mather, TA [0000-0003-4259-7303], Edmonds, M [0000-0003-1243-137X], Elias, T [0000-0002-9592-4518], Nadeau, PA [0000-0002-6732-3686], McQuaid, JB [0000-0001-8702-0415], Oppenheimer, C [0000-0003-4506-7260], and Kern, C [0000-0002-8920-5701]

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 3705 Geology, 41 Environmental Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 704/4111, 4105 Pollution and Contamination, Metal, 704/172/4081, Refractory (planetary science), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Pollutant, Basalt, Cadmium, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 704/2151/598, article, 37 Earth Sciences, humanities, 3703 Geochemistry, Plume, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, Volcano, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, 704/2151/209, 3706 Geophysics
Abstract

Long-lived basaltic volcanic eruptions are a globally important source of environmentally reactive, volatile metal pollutant elements such as selenium, cadmium and lead. The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawai’i produced exceptionally high discharge of metal pollutants, and was an unprecedented opportunity to track them from vent to deposition. Here we show, through geochemical sampling of the plume that volatile metal pollutants were depleted in the plume up to 100 times faster than refractory species, such as magnesium and iron. We propose that this rapid wet deposition of complexes containing reactive and potentially toxic volatile metal pollutants may disproportionately impact localised areas close to the vent. We infer that the relationship between volatility and solubility is an important control on the atmospheric behaviour of elements. We suggest that assessment of hazards from volcanic emissions should account for heterogeneous plume depletion of metal pollutants. Volatile metal pollutants in basaltic volcanic plumes can be deposited up to 100 times faster than refractory species, and may produce disproportionate impacts at proximal locations, according to extensive sampling of Kīlauea’s 2018 eruption plume.

Published
2021

39. Do Olivine Crystallization Temperatures Faithfully Record Mantle Temperature Variability?

Author

Oliver Shorttle, Simon Matthews, John Maclennan, Kevin Wong, Marie Edmonds, Matthews, Simon [0000-0003-1796-9662], Wong, Kevin [0000-0002-5173-0498], Shorttle, Oliver [0000-0002-8713-1446], Edmonds, Marie [0000-0003-1243-137X], Maclennan, John [0000-0001-6857-9600], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Matthews, S [0000-0003-1796-9662], Wong, K [0000-0002-5173-0498], Shorttle, O [0000-0002-8713-1446], Edmonds, M [0000-0003-1243-137X], and Maclennan, J [0000-0001-6857-9600]

Subjects
bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, mantle temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lithology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, sub-02, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hawaii, Mantle plume, Mantle (geology), law.invention, Intra‐plate processes, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, Lithosphere, MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY, Crystallization, Petrology, olivine, Mid‐oceanic ridge processes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, VOLCANOLOGY, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Olivine, mantle heterogeneity, Mantle processes, Mineral and crystal chemistry, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Geochemistry, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Igneous rock, Geophysics, Volcano, engineering, mantle melting, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Geochemistry, Magma genesis and partial melting, geothermometry, GEOCHEMISTRY, Geology, Research Article
Abstract

\ud Crystallization temperatures of primitive olivine crystals have been widely used as both a proxy for, or an intermediate step in calculating, mantle temperatures. The olivine-spinel aluminum-exchange thermometer has been applied to samples from mid-ocean ridges and large igneous provinces, yielding considerable variability in olivine crystallization temperatures. We supplement the existing data with new crystallization temperature estimates for Hawaii, between 1282 ± 21 and 1375 ± 19°C. Magmatic temperatures may be linked to mantle temperatures if the thermal changes during melting can be quantified. The magnitude of this temperature change depends on melt fraction, itself controlled by mantle temperature, mantle composition and lithosphere thickness. Both mantle composition and lithosphere thickness vary spatially and temporally, with systematic differences between mid-ocean ridges, ocean islands and large igneous provinces. For crystallization temperatures to provide robust evidence of mantle temperature variability, the controls of lithosphere thickness and mantle lithology on crystallization temperature must be isolated. We develop a multi-lithology melting model for predicting crystallization temperatures of magmas in both intra-plate volcanic provinces and mid-ocean ridges. We find that the high crystallization temperatures seen at mantle plume localities do require high mantle temperatures. In the absence of further constraints on mantle lithology or melt productivity, we cannot robustly infer variable plume temperatures between ocean-islands and large igneous provinces from crystallization temperatures alone; for example, the extremely high crystallization temperatures obtained for the Tortugal Phanerozoic komatiite could derive from mantle of comparable temperature to modern-day Hawaii. This work demonstrates the limit of petrological thermometers when other geodynamic parameters are poorly known.\ud \ud Plain Language Summary\ud The temperature inside the Earth varies a lot. There are many ways of measuring the mantle's temperature in the present-day, but to understand how our planet has changed through time, we need to know how hot its interior was in the past. One of the ways we can estimate mantle temperatures from ancient and modern rocks is from their crystal chemistry. By measuring the aluminum content in crystals of olivine, we can estimate their crystallization temperature. We do this for crystals from Hawaii. To turn the crystallization temperatures into the mantle temperature we need to know the proportions of minerals the mantle is made of. However, we often don't know all of this information. Using a new model of mantle melting we can calculate how uncertain the mantle temperature is when we only have a crystallization temperature. We find that the mantle under Hawaii is 1582 ± 65°C, much hotter than normal mantle, which has a temperature 1364 ± 23°C. We also apply our method to crystallization temperatures from other locations, including ancient volcanic rocks. We find that crystallization temperatures from large igneous provinces, formed by unusually hot mantle, are consistent with their mantle having a similar temperature to Hawaii

Published
2021

40. Volatile metal emissions from volcanic degassing and lava–seawater interactions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i

Author

Christoph Kern, Tom D. Pering, Andrew J. S. McGonigle, Patricia A. Nadeau, Clive Oppenheimer, Tamsin A. Mather, Tamar Elias, Penny E. Wieser, Emma J. Liu, Evgenia Ilyinskaya, David J. Schneider, Emily Mason, Forrest M. Mims, Marie Edmonds, Rachel C. W. Whitty, Thomas C. Wilkes, Mason, E [0000-0002-7050-6475], Wieser, PE [0000-0002-1070-8323], Liu, EJ [0000-0003-1749-9285], Edmonds, M [0000-0003-1243-137X], Ilyinskaya, E [0000-0002-3663-9506], Mather, TA [0000-0003-4259-7303], Elias, T [0000-0002-9592-4518], Nadeau, PA [0000-0002-6732-3686], Wilkes, TC [0000-0002-3448-6067], Mims, FM [0000-0002-8680-7758], Kern, C [0000-0002-8920-5701], Oppenheimer, C [0000-0003-4506-7260], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Mason, Emily [0000-0002-7050-6475], Wieser, Penny E. [0000-0002-1070-8323], Liu, Emma J. [0000-0003-1749-9285], Edmonds, Marie [0000-0003-1243-137X], Ilyinskaya, Evgenia [0000-0002-3663-9506], Mather, Tamsin A. [0000-0003-4259-7303], Elias, Tamar [0000-0002-9592-4518], Nadeau, Patricia Amanda [0000-0002-6732-3686], Wilkes, Thomas C. [0000-0002-3448-6067], Mims, Forrest M. [0000-0002-8680-7758], Kern, Christoph [0000-0002-8920-5701], and Oppenheimer, Clive [0000-0003-4506-7260]

Subjects
704/172/169, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lava, 3705 Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Chloride, 704/4111, Metal, medicine, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 704/2151/598, article, 37 Earth Sciences, Particulates, Plume, 3703 Geochemistry, Volcano, Environmental chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, 704/2151/209, Seawater, Metalloid, 3706 Geophysics, medicine.drug
Abstract

Funder: EPSRC-CASE studentship, Funder: NERC studentship, Funder: Leverhulme Trust; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000275, Funder: NERC-CASE studentship, Funder: Rolex Institute, Volcanoes represent one of the largest natural sources of metals to the Earth’s surface. Emissions of these metals can have important impacts on the biosphere as pollutants or nutrients. Here we use ground- and drone-based direct measurements to compare the gas and particulate chemistry of the magmatic and lava–seawater interaction (laze) plumes from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawai’i. We find that the magmatic plume contains abundant volatile metals and metalloids whereas the laze plume is further enriched in copper and seawater components, like chlorine, with volatile metals also elevated above seawater concentrations. Speciation modelling of magmatic gas mixtures highlights the importance of the S2− ligand in highly volatile metal/metalloid degassing at the magmatic vent. In contrast, volatile metal enrichments in the laze plume can be explained by affinity for chloride complexation during late-stage degassing of distal lavas, which is potentially facilitated by the HCl gas formed as seawater boils.

Published
2021

41. Carbon Dioxide in Geochemically Heterogeneous Melt Inclusions From Mount Etna, Italy

Author

Rosa Anna Corsaro, L. C. Salem, John Maclennan, Marie Edmonds, Salem, LC [0000-0002-8431-6058], Edmonds, M [0000-0003-1243-137X], Maclennan, J [0000-0001-6857-9600], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
assimilation, carbon, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, sub-05, Assimilation (biology), degassing, melt inclusions, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geophysics, volatiles, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Carbon dioxide, Etna, Carbon, Geology, Melt inclusions
Abstract

Mt. Etna is among the largest global volcanic outgassers with respect to carbon and sulfur, yet questions remain regarding the source of these volatiles and their systematics in the crust and mantle. The importance of heterogeneous mantle sources, mixing, crustal assimilation and disequilibrium degassing are investigated using melt inclusions erupted during the A.D. 1669 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy. We find that the melt inclusion compositions define a mixing array between two geochemically distinct melts. One end‐member melt is depleted in light rare Earth elements (LREE) and enriched in strontium (Sr), carbon and sulfur; the other is enriched in LREE and depleted in Sr, carbon and sulfur. We infer, through modeling, that the melts may either have been generated by melting a mantle source that includes a recycled oceanic crustal component; or they may have assimilated carbonate material in the crust. The resulting LREE‐depleted, Sr‐enriched melts were also alkali‐rich, which enhanced the solubility of carbon and sulfur. The LREE‐depleted, Sr‐ and volatile‐rich melt ascended through the crust and likely became supersaturated with respect to CO2 and sulfur. The melt intruded into a LREE‐enriched, relatively degassed magma body in the shallow crust, cooled rapidly and vesiculated, likely triggering eruption. The melt inclusion array trapped by growing olivines during this intrusion process records a snapshot of incomplete mixing between the two melts. Mt. Etna is renowned for the large increases in CO2 gas fluxes shortly before and during eruption. The intrusion of supersaturated, CO2‐enhanced magmas into shallow reservoirs may be a common process at Mt. Etna.

Published
2019
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42. Halogens and trace metal emissions from the ongoing 2008 summit eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i

Author

R.S. Martin, Evgenia Ilyinskaya, Alessandro Aiuppa, Emanuela Rita Bagnato, B.M. Quayle, A. J. Sutton, M.L.I. Witt, Tamsin A. Mather, David M. Pyle, Marie Edmonds, Kenneth W.W. Sims, Mather, T.A., Witt, M.L.I., Pyle, D.M., Quayle, B.M., Aiuppa, A., Bagnato, E., Martin, R.S., Sims, K.W.W., Edmonds, M., Sutton, A.J., and Ilyinskaya, E.

Subjects
magma chamber, aerosol, Halide, Mineralogy, Magma chamber, volcanic eruption, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, emission, Trace metal, acidity, mercury (element), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, plume, solubility, degassing, particle size, halogen, lava, trace metal, Silicate, Aerosol, Plume, volcano, Volcano, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Magma, isotopic ratio, Geology
Abstract

Volcanic plume samples taken in 2008 and 2009 from the Halemàumàu eruption at Kīlauea provide new insights into Kīlauea's degassing behaviour. The Cl, F and S gas systematics are consistent with syn-eruptive East Rift Zone measurements suggesting that the new Halemàumàu activity is fed by a convecting magma reservoir shallower than the main summit storage area. Comparison with degassing models suggests that plume halogen and S composition is controlled by very shallow (77%) as gaseous elemental mercury at the point of emission. Sulphate is an important aerosol component (modal particle diameter ∼0.44μm). Aerosol halide ion concentrations are low compared to other systems, consistent with the lower proportion of gaseous hydrogen halides. Plume concentrations of many metallic elements (Rb, Cs, Be, B, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd, W, Re, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Pb, Mg, Sr, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Al, P, Ga, Th, U, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Tm) are elevated above background air. There is considerable variability in metal to SO 2 ratios but our ratios (generally at the lower end of the range previously measured at Kīlauea) support assertions that Kīlauea's emissions are metal-poor compared to other volcanic settings. Our aerosol Re and Cd measurements are complementary to degassing trends observed in Hawaiian rock suites although measured aerosol metal/S ratios are about an order of magnitude lower than those calculated from degassing trends determined from glass chemistry. Plume enrichment factors with respect to Hawaiian lavas are in broad agreement with those from previous studies allowing similar element classification schemes to be followed (i.e., lithophile elements having lower volatility and chalcophile elements having higher volatility). The proportion of metal associated with the largest particle size mode collected (>2.5μm) and that bound to silicate is significantly higher for lithophiles than chalcophiles. Many metals show higher solubility in pH 7 buffer solution than deionised water suggesting that acidity is not the sole driver in terms of solubility. Nonetheless, many metals are largely water soluble when compared with the other sequential leachates suggesting that they are delivered to the environment in a bioavailable form. Preliminary analyses of environmental samples show that concentrations of metals are elevated in rainwater affected by the volcanic plume and even more so in fog. However, metal levels in grass samples showed no clear enrichment downwind of the active vents. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2012

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