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Aerial parts of Daphne oleoides Schreber ssp. oleoides (Thymelaeaceae) are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and lumbago in Turkish folk medicine. In order to evaluate folkloric utilization, in vitro inhibitory effects of the ethyl acetate extract and fractions obtained from this extract on interleukin 1 (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) biosynthesis were studied. Through chemical isolation techniques and activity-guided fractionation process, seventeen compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated (numbered 1-17). Diterpenoids genkwadaphnin (3) and 1,2-dehydrodaphnetoxin (6) and a coumarin derivative daphnetin (9) showed potent inhibitory activity and were found to be the main active ingredients. Furthermore, gnidilatin (4), gnidilatin-20 palmitate (5), genkwadaphnin-20-palmitate (7) and gnidicin-20-palmitate (8), having diterpenoid structure, and eudesmine (12), wikstromol (13) and matairesinol (14), having lignan structure, were determined to possess moderate inhibitory activity and may have a contributory role in the effect of the remedy.

Folk medicine in northwest Anatolia has been studied and 116 remedies prepared from 67 plant and 8 animal species are described, each with vernacular names, methods of preparation and traditional uses.

Eighteen N-(2-Pyridyl)-2-[2(3H)-benzazolone-3-yl]acetamide derivatives have been synthesized. The chemical structure of the compounds have been elucidated by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectral data and their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities were tested in mice. Compound VII o has shown the highest antinociceptive activity, and VII g, j, k, r exhibited relatively high antinociceptive activity. In addition, compounds VII d, f, j, p showed statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity.

Nine 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazole derivatives were prepared and their structure have been elucidated by IR, NMR spectral data and elemental analyses. Analgesic activity of the compounds prepared was investigated in mice by modified KOSTER test. Anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was investigated by a carregeenan-induced hind paw edema model in mice. Their antibacterial activities were examined against S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and antifungal activity against three kinds of yeast-like fungi (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. stellatoidea).

In this study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of 1,2,5-trisubstituted benzimidazole derivatives have been examined. Analgesic activities of these compounds were investigated by using the modified Koster test. Among the compounds synthesized especially compound 1g (1-diethylaminomethyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-5-nitro benzimidazole hydrochloride) has shown higher activity than acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and indometacin. Compound 1e (1-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-nitro benzimidazole hydrochloride, 1f (1-(diethylaminomethyl)-2-(p-tolyl)-5-nitro benzimidazole hydrochloride and 1i (1-(pipenridinomethyl)-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-nitro benzimidazole hydrochloride) proved as potent as the standard ASA. Therefore the compounds 1e, 1f, 1g and 1i were screened for their anti-inflammatory activities using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema test. Except 1g all compounds were almost inactive against this model of inflammation compared to indometacin.

In this study, eight compounds with cinnamoyl amide structure have been synthesized by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/hydroxybenzotriazol method. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by UV, IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectroscopy and the elementary analysis. The antiinflammatory activities of the synthesized compounds were determined by carrageenan-induced hind paw edema test in mice and the most active compounds were found to be the dimethyl, diethyl and morpholine amide derivatives. Analgesic activities were determined by the modified "Koster" test; diisopentyl and morpholine amide derivatives have shown the highest activity.

Phytochemical investigations on the EtOH extract of Clematis viticella led to the isolation of six flavonoid glycosides, isoorientin (1), isoorientin 3′-O-methyl ether (2), quercetin 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), quercetin 3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), manghaslin (5) and chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), one phenylethanol derivative, hydroxytyrosol (7), along with three phenolic acids, caffeic acid (8), (E)-p-coumaric acid (9) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (10). The structures of the isolates were elucidated on the basis of NMR and HR-MS data. All compounds were isolated from C. viticella for the first time. Compounds 7 and 8 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 100 μM by reducing the release of NO in LPS-stimulated macrophages comparable to positive control indomethacin. Compounds 3 and 7 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity through lowering the levels of TNF-α while 1, 3 and 5 decreased the levels of neopterin better than the positive controls.