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Arterial hypertension is both the cause and the result of the progression of chronic kidney disease, which affects about 10-15% of the population worldwide and the prevalence of which is steadily increasing. As the glomerular filtration rate decreases, the blood pressure level rises respectively. Arterial hypertension (AH) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are independent and well-known risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, and their combination significantly increases the incidence and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Blood pressure control is the most important factor in slowing the progression of CKD and reducing cardiovascular risk. Currently, there is a place for discussions in the scientific community regarding the target blood pressure levels in patients suffering from CKD. Non-pharmacological methods of treatment can reduce the level of blood pressure in some cases, but do not help to achieve the target values in most of the cases. Patients with hypertension and CKD need combined drug therapy. Certain modern drugs have additional cardio- and nephroprotective properties and should be considered as the first line of therapy. A personalized approach based on evidence-based principles makes it possible to achieve blood pressure control, reducing cardiovascular risk and slowing the progression of CKD. This consensus summarizes the current literature data, as well as highlights the main approaches to the management of patients with hypertension and CKD.

Disclaimer. The EAC Guidelines represent the views of the EAC, and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge, and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The EAC is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy, and/or ambiguity between the EAC Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the EAC Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the EAC Guidelines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient’s caregiver. Nor do the EAC Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient’s case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.

The main goal in the arterial hypertension (AH) management is the target blood pressure (BP) achievement, as it leads to the cardiovascular risk reduction. At the same time, proper BP is achieved less than in 50% of all cases. In addition, there are two types of truly uncontrolled AH in population, such as resistant (RAH) and refractory (RFH) AH. Recent research suggests that RAH may be associated with changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, while RFH appears to be more closely associated with sympathetic hyperactivation. These pathophysiological mechanisms are also active in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Therefore, the prevalence of OSA in patients with RAH and RFH is very high, and treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (PAP-therapy) can reduce BP levels in such patients. The latter allows us to consider PAP-therapy as an additional method for the target BP achievement in patients with uncontrolled AH and OSA.

Aim. To study the frequency of clinical and radiological signs of reperfusion pulmonary edema and compare them with the volume of endovascular intervention after balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).Materials and methods. The study included 50 patients with CTEPH, who underwent stage 1 PLA. To prevent severe reperfusion edema, the number of segmental arteries planned for angioplasty was taken into account, the Pulmonary Edema Predictive Scoring Index (PEPSI) was determined, and after the intervention, noninvasive ventilation was performed in the Continuous positive airway pressure (СPAP) mode for 24 hours. Clinical manifestations of reperfusion edema were assessed 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after BPA. Radiological signs of edema were considered based on the results of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) or chest x-ray.Results. Angioplasty was performed on 97 segmental, 6 lobar pulmonary arteries, incl. by 45 (46,4%) – with occlusive lesions. The number of arteries undergoing angioplasty ranged from 1 to 7 in each patient, on average 1,9 ± 1,4, change in pulmonary flow grade (ΔPFG) – 4,3 ± 3,4, PEPSI 58,4 ± 51,0, which exceeded the recommended value of 35,5. During the 72-hour observation period, 28 (56%) patients had grade 1 edema, grade 2 reperfusion edema was observed in 15 (30%), grade 3 – in 5 (10%), grade 4 – in 2 (4%) patients. Patients with grade 2-4 edema had higher baseline mPAP (p = 0,015) and PEPSI (p = 0,046). All manifestations of reperfusion edema of 2-4 degrees were stopped due to the prolonged regimen of CPAP therapy for 3 ± 2 days. None of the patients reached grade 5 edema, and there were no deaths. Clinical manifestations of reperfusion injury were observed in 25 (50%) patients, their highest frequency was observed after 24 hoursConclusion. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty of the pulmonary arteries is a safe method for the treatment of inoperable patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, provided that recommendations for the prevention of reperfusion pulmonary edema are observed. CPAP therapy can successfully prevent and stop the development of severe reperfusion injuries after BPA even when the risk index for reperfusion pulmonary edema is exceeded.

Disclaimer. The EAC Guidelines represent the views of the EAC, and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge, and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The EAC is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy, and/or ambiguity between the EAC Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the EAC Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the EAC Guide-lines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient’s caregiver. Nor do the EAC Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient’s case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.

Disclaimer. The EAC Guidelines represent the views of the EAC, and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge, and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The EAC is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy, and/or ambiguity between the EAC Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the EAC Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the EAC Guide-lines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient’s caregiver. Nor do the EAC Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient’s case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.

To study the effectiveness of prolonged use of PAP therapy (positive airway pressure therapy) in eliminating sleep respiratory disorders and associated cardiac conduction disturbances.We included 21 patients who were examined at the Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, regarding cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances, as well as obstructive sleep apnea and who have been on PAP therapy for more than 12 months. The average age was 66.5 [63.5; 73.2] years, body mass index 33.0 [30.2; 38.5] kg/m2, apnea-hypopnea index 65.0 [59.0; 86.3]/h. At the time of analysis, 15 patients continued to use PAP therapy (mean time of use: 6.0 years [4.7; 9.2]) and 6 patients refused long-term use of PAP therapy, mean time to use PAP therapy until failure amounted to 2.82.1 years.PAP therapy lead to a persistent decrease in apnea-hypopnea index of 63.6/h to 3.7/h was (p=0.0002). 86% of patients met the criteria for adherence to PAP therapy (use 4 hours/night, more than 70% of nights). Initially, before the use of PAP therapy, all cardiac conduction disorders were during sleep and exceeded 3 seconds, with fluctuations from 3.1 to 10.6 seconds. PAP therapy appeared to be effective in all patients: no asystoles, duration of more than 3 seconds, were detected.In obstructive sleep apnea patients with concomitant nighttime cardiac conduction disturbances, the long-term use of PAP therapy is effective and with good adherence.Цель.Оценить эффективность ПАП-терапии (терапия путем создания положительного давления в дыхательных путях) в устранении нарушений дыхания во время сна и ассоциированных нарушений проводимости сердца при длительном использовании. Материалы и методы.В исследование включен 21 пациент, проходивший обследование в ИКК им. А.Л. Мясникова ФГБУ НМИЦ кардиологии по поводу нарушений ритма и проводимости сердца, а также нарушений дыхания во время сна и находившийся на ПАП-терапии более 12 мес. Средний возраст составил 66,5 [63,5; 73,2] года, индекс массы тела 33,0 [30,2; 38,5] кг/м2, индекс апноэ-гипопноэ сна 65,0 [59,0; 86,3] соб/ч. На момент анализа 15 пациентов продолжали использование ПАП-терапии (среднее время использования составило 6,0 года [4,7; 9,2]), и 6 человек отказались от ее длительного применения, среднее время использования ПАП-терапии до момента отказа составило 2,82,1 года. Результаты.На фоне ПАП-терапии выявлено стойкое снижение индекса апноэ-гипопноэ сна с 63,6 до 3,7 соб/ч (р=0,0002). Критериям приверженности ПАП-терапии (использование более 4 ч за ночь, более 70% ночей) соответствовали 86% пациентов. Исходно до назначения ПАП-терапии все нарушения проводимости сердца выражались в развитии остановок сердца во время сна и превышали 3 с при колебаниях от 3,1 и до 10,6 с. На фоне ПАП-терапии асистолии длительностью свыше 3 с не зафиксировано. Заключение.При лечении пациентов с синдромом обструктивного апноэ сна в сочетании с ночными нарушениями проводимости сердца эффект ПАП-терапии сохраняется в условиях многолетнего применения и при хорошей приверженности данному виду лечения.

Guidelines on treatment of patients with arterial hypertension comorbid with metabolic disorders and diabetes mellitus type 2

The diagnosis of resistant arterial hypertension allows us to single out a separate group of patients in whom it is necessary to use special diagnostic methods and approaches to treatment. Elimination of reversible factors leading to the development of resistant arterial hypertension, such as non-adherence to therapy, inappropriate therapy, secondary forms of arterial hypertension, leads to an improvement in the patient's prognosis. Most patients with resistant hypertension should be evaluated to rule out primary aldosteronism, renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease, and obstructive sleep apnea. The algorithm for examining patients, recommendations for lifestyle changes and a step-by-step therapy plan can improve blood pressure control. It is optative to use the most simplified treatment regimen and long-acting combined drugs. For a separate category of patients, it is advisable to perform radiofrequency denervation of the renal arteries.Диагностика резистентной артериальной гипертонии (РАГ) позволяет выделить отдельную группу больных, у которых необходимо использование специальных диагностических методов и подходов к лечению. Устранение обратимых факторов, приводящих к развитию РАГ, таких как неприверженность терапии, неоптимально подобранная терапия, вторичные формы артериальной гипертонии, приводит к улучшению прогноза больного. Большинство лиц с РАГ следует обследовать для исключения первичного альдостеронизма, стеноза почечной артерии, хронической болезни почек и обструктивного апноэ во сне. Алгоритм обследования больных, рекомендации по изменению образа жизни и поэтапный план терапии позволяют улучшить контроль уровня артериального давления. Желательно использование максимально упрощенной схемы лечения и комбинированных препаратов длительного действия. Отдельной категории больных целесообразно выполнение радиочастотной денервации почечных артерий.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an important medical and social problem due to its high prevalence and impact on quality of life. The relationship between OSAS and cardiovascular pathology has been proven by many studies, which confirms the necessity for early diagnosis of OSAS and its treatment for the prevention of fatal and non-fatal events.to study epidemiological and clinical profile of the patients referred by a cardiologist to a specialized sleep laboratory to verify the diagnosis of OSAS.Object of study 527 patients aged 56.912.5 years who were hospitalized to the Myasnikov Clinical Cardiology Research Institute from 20162018 and had OSAS risk factors. Initially, complaints, medical history, anthropometric data were collected. As a screening survey, questionnaires were conducted using questionnaire scales. Verification of the diagnosis of OSAS and determination of the severity was carried out by cardiorespiratory or respiratory monitoring. Subsequently, 4 groups were formed depending on the presence and severity of OSAS.The prevalence of OSAS among patients in a cardiology hospital referred to a verification study was 88.6%. A comparative analysis of the groups revealed a progressive increase in the values of anthropometric indicators with increasing severity of OSAS. No differences were found between the groups by gender and daytime sleepiness on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. The average score on the Epworth sleepiness scale was statistically significantly lower only in the group of patients without OSAS when compared with the group with a severe degree of OSAS, and is comparable with the scores in the groups of mild and moderate degrees of OSAS. In a multivariate model of logistic regression, independent predictors of OSAS were identified as: age over 45 years, indications of loud intermittent snoring, frequent nightly urination, overweight or obesity. According to the results of assessing the incidence of various cardiovascular diseases in patients referred to the sleep laboratory, no significant differences were detected. At the same time, a significant difference was found in the frequency of obesity in patients with severe OSAS compared with other groups, as well as the frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance when compared with groups without OSAS, and with mild OSAS. In one-factor logistic regression models, it was found that the likelihood of having a severe degree of OSAS increases with increasing both comorbidity and age.High prevalence of OSAS in patients of a cardiological hospital, referred to a sleep laboratory for verification study, was confirmed. Considering the data that early diagnosis and treatment of OSAS can affect the course of both nosologies, the quality of life and prognosis of these patients, it is advisable to routinely screen and verify the diagnosis of OSAS in patients with cardiovascular diseases.Актуальность. Синдром обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС) является важной медико-социальной проблемой вследствие высокой распространенности и влияния на качество жизни. Взаимосвязь СОАС и сердечно-сосудистой патологии доказана многими исследованиями, что подтверждает необходимость ранней диагностики СОАС и его лечения для профилактики фатальных и нефатальных событий.Цель. Изучить эпидемиологический и клинический профиль пациентов, направленных врачом-кардиологом в специализированную лабораторию сна для верификации диагноза СОАС.Материалы и методы. Объект исследования 527 пациентов в возрасте 56,912,5 года, находившихся на стационарном лечении в НИИ клинической кардиологии им. А.Л. Мясникова в 20162018 гг., с факторами риска СОАС. На первом этапе проводился сбор жалоб, анамнеза, антропометрических данных. В качестве скринингового обследования проводилось анкетирование с использованием опросных шкал. Верификация диагноза СОАС и определение степени тяжести проводились посредством кардиореспираторного или респираторного мониторирования. Впоследствии сформировано 4 группы в зависимости от наличия и степени тяжести СОАС.Результаты. Распространенность СОАС среди пациентов кардиологического стационара, направленных на верифицирующее исследование, составила 88,6%. При сравнительном анализе групп выявлено прогрессирующее увеличение значений антропометрических показателей при увеличении степени тяжести СОАС. Не определено различий между группами по гендерному признаку и уровню дневной сонливости по Каролинской шкале сонливости. Средний балл по шкале сонливости Эпворт оказался статистически значимо ниже только в группе больных без СОАС при сравнении с группой с тяжелой степенью СОАС и сопоставим с баллами в группах легкой и средней степени СОАС. В многофакторной модели логистической регрессии выявлены такие независимые предикторы СОАС, как возраст старше 45 лет, указания на громкий прерывистый храп, учащенное ночное мочеиспускание, избыточная масса тела или ожирение. По результатам оценки частоты встречаемости различных сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов, направленных в лабораторию сна, значимых отличий не выявлено. В то же время определена значимая разница частоты наличия ожирения у больных с тяжелой степенью СОАС в сравнении с остальными группами, а также частоты встречаемости сахарного диабета 2-го типа или нарушения толерантности к глюкозе при сравнении с группами без СОАС и с СОАС легкой степени. В однофакторных моделях логистических регрессий выявлено, что вероятность наличия тяжелой степени СОАС увеличивается с возрастанием как коморбидности, так и возраста больного.Заключение. Подтверждена высокая распространенность СОАС у пациентов кардиологического стационара, направленных на дообследование в специализированную лабораторию сна. Учитывая данные, что ранняя диагностика и лечение СОАС могут оказать влияние как на течение обеих нозологий, так и на качество жизни и прогноз данных пациентов, целесообразно проведение рутинного скрининга и верификации диагноза СОАС у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями.

Aim. To study the relationship between the severity of erectile dysfunction and the anthropometric parameters of obesity in patients with arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. The study included 71 patients with different severity of erectile dysfunction, overweight and grade 1obesity and arterial hypertension. The anthropometric parameters were analyzed, the degree and characteristics of obesity were assessed according to data of multispiral computed tomography (MSCT), a preliminary assessment of erectile function was performed using the IIEF-5 questionnaire. Later the data of the questionnaire was compared with the in-depth urological study: the collection of anamnesis, examination and conduction of the pharmacodopplerography of the penis vessels. Results and discussion. Comparative analysis revealed statistically significant links between anthropometric data and the degree of abdominal obesity based on MSCT results (p

Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of possible obstructive respiratory disorder during sleep in outpatients by the data from computed monitoring pulse oxymetry (CPO) and questionnaires.Material and methods. To the open one stage non-randomized comparative study, 175 patients included: 37,1% males, 62,9% females, age 55,1±11,1 y.o., visiting a clinician office at outpatient facility. Sleep disordered breathing of obstructive origin was diagnosed with a survey, modified Stradling questionnaire and CPO; and excessive daytime sleepiness — with Epworth score. For confirmation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a bifunctional monitoring was performed (BM) with further comparison of the data with CPO results.Results. Chronic hypoxemia at night by CPO was found in 71,4% patients, and probability of OSA moderate and severe — in 42,8% patients. By the modified Stradling, OSA was predicted in 57,7%, by Epworth, the daytime sleepiness was found in 11,4%. Mild OSA in BM was found in 8,9%, moderate — 14,7%, severe — 20,6%. The data from CPO matched with BM in 80% patients. Sensitivity of CPO for nocturnal hypoxemia of various severity was 92,4%, specificity — 76,4%; sensitivity of the Stradling questionnaire — 88,9%, specificity — 88,2%. Sensitivity of Epworth score — 27,8%, specificity — 82,4%.Conclusion. Chronic nocturnal hypoxemia was found in 71,4%, and probability of moderate and severe OSA — in 42,8% in outpatients with internal diseases profile. CPO and Stradling questionnaire can be applied as diagnostic instruments for OSA at outpatient stage.

Objective: The most common strategy to improve blood pressure (BP) control is improving compliance with once daily administration of antihypertensive therapy. Aim: To assess the efficacy, tolerability, safety of different regimes of prescription of combination of perindopril 10 mg and indapamide 2.5 mg.Design and methods. We included 31 patients (56±9.3 years, BMI 30.5±5.3 kg/m2, duration of arterial hypertension - 7.1±5.8 years), on two-component therapy (except combination of perindopril and indapamide) with BP>140/90 mmHg. At baseline ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), blood tests were performed in 20 men and 10 women, then, patients were randomized into two groups: morning and evening regimes. Previous therapy was canceled and prescribed a combination of perindopril 10 mg and indapamide 2.5 mg. After 8 weeks of treatment, ABPM and blood tests were re-conducted. Results. Baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the whole group - 148.4±10.0/95.6±10.7 mm Hg. After 1 and 2 months of treatment Noliprel-A bi-forte SBP/DBP decreased to 131.4±8.4/86.6±5.7 mm Hg and to 133.4±11.2/84.5±8.8 mm Hg respectively. ( p

Currently, adequate reduction of blood pressure (BP) during the night in patients with arterial hypertension remains important problem. To study chronotherapy’s opportunities to achieve better BP control by a single dose of antihypertensive drugs while maintaining high compliance. Aim. To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, safety of various prescription regimes of fixed combination: perindopril 10 mg and indapamide 2.5 mg in patients with insufficient degree of BP reduction at night. Design and methods. The study included 30 patients (20 men and 10 women, 56±9.3 years, body mass index 30.5±5.3 kg/m2, the duration of arterial hypertension – 7.1±5.8 years), on ineffective dual antihypertensive therapy (BP>140/90 mm Hg). Initially, ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and blood tests were performed. Then, previous therapy was terminated and fixed combination of perindopril 10 mg/indapamide 2.5 mg (Noliprel A Bi-forte) was administered. Patients were randomized into two groups: morning and evening regimens of therapy. After 8 weeks of treatment ABPM and blood tests were repeated. Statistical analysis was done after further separation of patients into groups with sufficient (dippers) and insufficient (non-dippers) degree of BP reduction at night. Results. In the group of "non-dippers" average ambulatory systolic BP (SBP) during wakefulness declined from 149.4±11.7 mm Hg to 129.8±10.6 mmHg (p

Goal: to study the effectiveness of combination antihypertensive therapy (AHT) and its influence on the indices characterizing the arterial stiffness of various types in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in combination with obesity and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Material and methods. The study included 27 male patients with hypertension [143.0 (142.0; 150.0)/91.0 (85.3; 94.8) mm Hg. century], obesity [body mass index of 33.8 (32.0; 37.2) kg/m2] and OSA was severe [the index of apnea/hypopnea - AHI - 46.8 (33.3; 63.4) events per hour] who underwent AHT titration to achieve target values of blood pressure (BP), a fixed combination of the calcium antagonist amlodipine (10 mg) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril (5-10 mg). At baseline and after 4-6 weeks when reaching target blood pressure was assessed pulse wave velocity (PWV) using different instrumental techniques. Carotid-femoral PWV (CFSP) was determined by applanation tonometry (SphygmoСor AtCor, Australia), aortic PWV - ultrasonic technique in the descending aorta (thoracic spine), the ankle-brachial PWV - using volumetric sphygmography (VaseraVS-1000 Fukuda Dens, Japan). Results. The target pressure (according to clinical blood pressure, daily monitoring blood pressure) on the background of amlodipine 10 mg and perindopril 5 mg was 58% patients and 42% of patients reached the target level of blood pressure against the background amlodipine 10 mg and perindopril 10 mg. On a background of 4-6 weeks of admission AHT 33.8% increase in the number of patients with a normal circadian profile of blood pressure - «dipper». Upon reaching the target blood pressure revealed a significant decrease CFSP, ankle-brachial PWV and aortic PWV 11.4, 11.0 and 15.4%, respectively. Conclusion. A fixed combination of perindopril arginine and amlodipine in patients with arterial hypertension of the 1st degree in the presence of obesity and OSA allows achieving a good level of BP control, to improve the performance of the daily profile and to improve the elastic properties of large arteries, which has a beneficial protective effect in these patients.

Annual Hypertension Summer School 2012, organized by the European Society of Hypertension, was held in Dublin (Ireland). The following topics on epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics and treatment of arterial hypertension were covered during the school. Particular attention was given to the target organ damage, as well as to the peculiarities of management and treatment of arterial hypertension in various groups of patients.

The aim of our study is to determine association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome and levels of blood coagulation markers and evaluate possible effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Materials and methods. We included 74 middle-aged (mean age 48 [40; 55] years) male patients with arterial hypertension (AH) of average duration 8 [5; 10] years without antiplatelet, anticoagulant therapy and diabetes mellitus. All patients underwent sleep breathing study. According to the severity of OSA, patients were divided into 2 groups: 40 patients with severe OSA - apnea/hypopnea index - AHI 50.2 (37.8; 75.2) and control group with 34 patients with mild or no OSA - AHI 4.8 (2.6; 7.8). In all patients were analyzed markers of hemostasis system and parameters of whole blood viscosity; 34 patients with severe OSA underwent 3-4 nights of effective CPAP therapy (with achievement AHI