Search

Structure of the Institute Scientific activity History of the Institute New cryptogamic records. 11 Index page Scientific activity Periodic publications Novitates Systematicae Plantarum non Vascularium Volume 57, Part 1, 2023 New cryptogamic records. 11 V. M. Kotkova, I. V. Czernyadjeva, E. A. Davydov, G. Ya. Doroshina, D. Yu. Efimov, L. A. Efimova, I. V. Frolov, Ya. I. Gabiger, M. Yu. Glushсhenko, I. A. Gorbunova, D. E. Himelbrant, M. E. Ignatenko, L. B. Kalinina, L. E. Kurbatova, H. V. Kushnevskaya, N. N. Lashchinsky, K. Yu. Lotiev, E. L. Moroz, A. A. Notov, Yu. K. Novozhilov, Yu. S. Otmakhov, N. V. Plikina, N. N. Popova, A. D. Potemkin, V. A. Putilina, P. Yu. Ryzhkova, Ch. N. Sambyla, E. V. Smirnova, I. S. Stepanchikova, Yu. V. Storozhenko, E. I. Troeva, A. G. Tsurykau, V. S. Vishnyakov, A. V. Vlasenko, V. A. Vlasenko, E. A. Volkova, L. F. Volosnova, L. S. Yakovchenko, T. N. Yatsenko-Stepanova, K. A. Zhuykov, A. S. Zueva DOI: https://doi.org/10.31111/nsnr/2023.57.1.155 Full article Abstract First records of algae for the Orenburg Region and Urals of Russia, for the Republic of Belarus and Georgia, fungi for St. Petersburg, Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions, republics of Altai and Tuva, Altai, Krasnoyarsk and Trans-Baikal territories, myxomycetes for the Omsk and Tomsk regions, republics of Tuva and Sakha (Yakutia) of Russia and Republic of Belarus, lichens, lichenicolous and allied fungi for the Omsk, Ryazan, Sakhalin and Tver regions, Altai, Khabarovsk and Primorye territories, mosses for St. Petersburg, the Leningrad, Saratov and Tula regions, Stavropol Territory, and New Siberian Islands Archipelago, liverwort for St. Petersburg and Krasnoyarsk Territory are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution are provided. The specimens are kept in the herbaria of the Altai State University (ALTB), the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBIW), the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), the Mire Research Group of the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MIRE), the V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (MSK), the Central Siberian botanical garden SB RAS (NSK), the «Galichya Gora» Nature Reserve (VU), the Georgian National Herbarium at the Institute of Botany of the Ilia State University (TBI), and algological collection in the laboratory of the Algology Group of the Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Barcodes ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 fungal nrDNA region of some specimens have been deposited in the GenBank NCBI

Gastrointestinal disorders are important place among the visceral manifestations of systemic autoimmune and immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases (RD). Pathology of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine can vary from moderate functional disorders to the development of severe chronic inflammation with metaplasia and dysplasia of the mucous membrane, the formation of multiple erosions, hemorrhages and deep ulcers. Complications of gastrointestinal pathology in RD, such as bleeding, perforations and strictures, can cause death. This review examines the main clinical manifestations, possibilities of diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal lesions in systemic scleroderma, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, systemic vasculitis, Sjogren’s syndrome and disease, as well as systemic lupus erythematosus.

Aim. To improve outcomes of treatment for neoplasms in segments VII-VIII of the liver adjacent to the main stem of the right hepatic vein and/or to its forming large branches.Materials and methods. In the period of 2016–2022, the resection of segments VII and/or VIII of the liver and the right hepatic vein, as well as its forming branches without reconstruction was performed in 24 patients. Surgical indications were liver metastases of colorectal cancer in 15 cases, hepatocellular cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) in six cases, angiomyolipoma in one case, uterine cancer metastases in one case and primary retroperitoneal tumor metastases in one case. Minor liver resections were additionally performed in 11 cases. Results. There were no intraoperative signs of impaired venous drainage. After surgery bile in the drains was detected in three patients, and a biliary fistula was formed in one case. No other complications were identified. No fatalities were registered after surgery. The late postoperative period revealed no specific complications related to a disturbance of venous drainage through the right hepatic vein.Conclusion. Existing and emerging collaterals can provide adequate venous drainage to the middle hepatic vein, short hepatic veins after resection of liver segments VII and VIII with resection of the right hepatic vein stem and its forming branches without reconstruction, even if the lower right hepatic vein is missing, and without complete obstruction of the right hepatic vein before surgery.

Introduction. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FlC) is a rare subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Drug antitumor treatment of FlC has not been studied sufficiently due to the rarity of the pathology and requires further research to choose an effective treatment.Aim. The choice of effective drug antitumor treatment in patients with fibrolamellar liver carcinoma.Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 31 patients with FlC who received drug antitumor therapy at the N.N. Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the period from 2005 to 2020. The patients were divided into comparison groups: “targeted therapy” (mainly sorafenib), “chemotherapy” (mainly gemcitabine + cisplatin). A comparative intergroup analysis of the effectiveness of drug antitumor treatment in the 1st and 2nd lines of therapy was carried out. Adjuvant chemotherapy was evaluated for time without progression. The correlation of the number of treatment lines in the anamnesis with the prognosis of the disease was also evaluated.Results. Analysis of the effect of adjuvant therapy on relapse-free survival did not prove significant differences between the comparison groups (p = 0.112; log-rank test). Therapy with multikinase inhibitors (mainly sorafenib) allows to achieve a better time without progression compared to chemotherapy (mainly gemcitabine + cisplatin / oxaliplatin) (p = 0.000; log-rank test) in patients in the 1st line of FlC treatment. OS did not significantly differ between the groups (p = 0.417; log-rank test). In line 2, time without progression in patients receiving targeted therapy (p = 0.042; log-rank test) is higher compared to patients receiving chemotherapy in line 2. A longer duration of OV was recorded in the groups of patients who underwent 2 lines of drug antitumor treatment and in the group of 3 or more lines compared with the use of only 1st line of treatment (p = 0.024) and (p = 0.003), respectively.Conclusion. The results of the work demonstrate an advantage in the appointment of targeted therapy as the 1st and 2nd lines of drug antitumor treatment, while the appointment of chemotherapy remains a less prognostically favorable option. Adjuvant therapy administration did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in relapse-free survival.

The article deals with the problem of vulnerability of population groups in a state of social transmission on the example of two basic age groups — youth and the elderly. Social transmission is considered as a phenomenon caused by the transitivity of social status and psychophysiological state (from youth to maturity and from maturity to old age). These periods of transmission can be associated with a state of uncertainty, increased tension, irritation, frustration, uncertainty of prospects, fear of making a mistake in choosing a behavior strategy and a number of other states determined by the search for a rational choice that determines a new social status. At the same time, the authors note that, despite the presence of a certain age specificity, youth and the elderly are characterized by a general vulnerability to social risks arising in this condition. Risks arising in a state of social transmission can be considered a factor that has a direct impact on the individual’s place in society self-perception, and lead to irreversible results in the absence of successful overcome. The theoretical assumptions presented in the article are confirmed by the results of a pilot empirical research, which showed that both young people and elderly people express serious concerns about the state of social transition, and note a significant number of associated social risks, due to both inevitable age-related changes and the need to choose a further life path in changing social status conditions. In conclusion the authors underline that social transmission is of great importance in the context of social problems overcoming in youth and the elderly, and propose a new vista in Russia’s sustainable development optimization.

Complete liver and bile ducts resection with negative margins (R0) in the only possible radical treatment of Klatskin tumor. Even after R0 resection, the recurrence rate is as high as 50–76 %. Neoadjuvant endobiliary photodynamic therapy (PDT) may potentially improve their results and long­term survival. The authors present their own first experience of endobiliary PDT performing before liver and bile ducts resection (R0) in Klatskin tumor patient.

Abstract The article deals with the issues of the geodynamic evolution of the Kara–Barents Sea shelf and influence of structure-forming processes on the nature of relief formation. The aggregate data obtained allows us to assume that the relief of the western part of the Russian Arctic formed as a result of polycyclic processes of closing of the Proto-Atlantic, Paleoural, and Iapetus oceans. A systematic analysis of paleogeodynamic reconstructions of the evolution of the continental crust of the Arctic region makes it possible to identify with a high degree of reliability the spatiotemporal patterns of relief formation, predict areas of localization of hazardous phenomena on the seafloor, and substantiate geomorphological criteria for searching for hydrocarbon deposits in shallow bedding.

Introduction. Studies on non-metastatic colorectal cancer have demonstrated the prognostic role of circulating tumor (ctDNA) after surgery, and the ability to identify patients with the greatest risk of progression. This makes it possible in the future to personalize neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment.The study objective – to evaluate the correlation of the ctDNA status before and after surgery with a clinical outcome in patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer.Materials and methods. The study included data from patients with morphologically verified colorectal cancer with stage I–III who were treated at the N. N. Blokhin National Oncology Research Center in the period from 2016 to 2021. Blood samples were collected before and after surgical treatment (on the 7–10th day after surgery). The minimum permissible concentration at which ctDNA in a plasma sample was considered positive was 0.4 copies of mutant DNA in 1 mcL of plasma. The main criterion of effectiveness was disease-free survival (DFS). The presence of cDNA before and after surgery was a negative prognostic factor for progression in stage I–III of CRC. Patients with positive cDNA after surgery had worse DFS results despite adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with stage II CRC with negative ctDNA, regardless of adjuvant CT after surgery, did not have disease progression in 100 % of cases.Results. The study included 146 patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer. Progression was detected in 34 patients. The median follow-up time was 22 months (0–66 months). Data on progression were known in 119 patients. Positive cDNA data were detected before surgery in 55 of 120 patients (45 %), after surgery in 46 of 119 (38.6 %). In the group with positive cDNA before surgery, the median DFS was 35 months (95 % confidence interval (CI) 24,0–45.9), in the group with negative cDNA before surgery, the median DFS was not achieved (hazard ratio (HR) 4.6; 95 % CI 2.0–10.4), 1‑year DFS in the cDNA positive group was 62 % versus 100 % in the cDNA negative group (p p Conclusion. The presence of cDNA before and after surgery was a negative prognostic factor of progression after surgical treatment at stage I–III. The high negative prognostic value of cDNA makes it possible to select patients with stage II who do not need adjuvant chemotherapy.

Background. Circulating tumor DnA (ctDnA) may act as a potential biomarker for predicting disease progression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), which are radically cured or receiving chemotherapy.Objective: to evaluate the sensitivity of the investigated ctDnA detection assay and quantify the concordance of genomic alterations between ctDnA and matched primary tumor tissue of patients with CRC.Materials and methods. we included patients with histologically confirmed stage I–Iv CRC treated in n.n. Blokhin Cancer Research Center from 2016 to 2021. DnA was purified from tissue samples using QIAamp DnA formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffPE) Tissue Kit (QIAgEn, germany). next-generation sequencing (ngS) technique was used to detect genetic mutations in primary tumor. ctDnA mutations were detected by droplet digital PCR.Results. The sensitivity of platform (assay) for detecting genetic alterations in tissue samples was 97.82 %; in ctDnA – 51.20 % for all stages and 64.5 % for stage Iv CRC. Across eight genes (KRAS, TP53, APC, PIK3CA, BRAF, FBXW7, MB21D2, and SMAD4) concordance between primary tumor and ctDnA was 69.4 % (95 % CI 62.2–76.0). Sensitivity for all stages is 51.2 % (95 % CI 45.8–56.6), for metastatic CRC 64.5 % (95 % CI 53.3–74.5). The concordance across all genes was 65.4 % (95 % CI 57.1–73.1) and 83.8 % (95 % CI 69.6–92.9) for stage I–III and stage Iv CRC, respectively. The concordance rate between ctDnA and primary tumor tissue for KRAS alterations across all stages and stage Iv CRC was 78.3 % (95 % CI 66.7–87.3) and 90.9 % (95 % CI 64.7–99.0), respectively. with increasing tumor stage (T), the number of matches raised across all genes with the highest number observed in nx category.Conclusion. The study indicates high concordance between tumor tissue and ctDnA, especially for KRAS and BRAF genes in patients with metastatic CRC, suggesting the clinical utility of ctDnA testing as a minimally invasive method and alternative to tissue biopsy.

First records of cyanoprokaryotic species for the Russian part of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, aphyllophoroid fungi for the Yaroslavl Region, myxomycetes for the Republic of Belarus, lichens and allied fungi for the Tver Region, lichens for the Nizhny Novgorod Region, Kabardino-Balkarian and Karachayevo-Circassian republics, and Perm Territory, mosses for the Kursk, Lipetsk and Saratov regions are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution are provided. The specimens are kept in the herbaria of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), Department of Botany of St. Petersburg State University (LECB), Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany NAS of Belarus (MSK-F), Francisk Skorina Gomel State University of Belarus (GSU), National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (NNSU), Galichya Gora Reserve of the Voronezh State University (VU).

We present a rare clinical case of a 37-year-old man who had intrahepatic splenosis (IHS) mimics hepatocellular carcinoma on CT/MRI imaging. The patient with a history of splenectomy 14 years ago had no specific complains and the lesion was found incidentally during follow up imaging for the chronic pancreatitis. Definitive diagnosis of IHS was possible with post-operative histopathological analysis of the resected liver.

Introduction. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC), which develops most often in the younger population. In FLC, variable histoarchitectonics are noted, possibly the presence of a sclerosing component, foci of necrosis and dystrophy of tumor cells.Objective. Assessment of the influence of the proportion of the sclerosing component in fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) of the liver on the course and prognosis of the disease. Determination of the relationship between the proportion of the sclerosing component in the tumor and the frequency of microvascular invasion.Materials and methods. A retrospective study included 34 patients with a diagnosis of FLC, who underwent radical surgical treatment at the first stage. A histological assessment of the proportion (%) of the sclerosing component in FLC was made. The effect of the proportion of the sclerosing component on overall (OS) and relapse-free (DFS) survival was assessed. The analysis of the relationship between the proportion of the sclerosing component in the tumor and the frequency of microvascular invasion was carried out.Results. Significantly worse RFS was achieved in the groups of patients with a sclerosing component in FLC > 5% than in the group of patients with a sclerosing component in FLC ≤ 5% (p = 0.0010; p = 0.024; log – rank test). Median DDS in group 1 is 107 (95% CI, 22–192) months; at 2 – 11 (95% CI, 8–14) months; in 3 – 21 (95% CI, 8–33). The frequency of histologically confirmed microvascular invasion in the compared groups was 29, 74, 87.5%, respectively. OS was significantly worse in 2 groups (27 patients in total) with a sclerosing component in FLC > 5% than in the group of patients with a sclerosing component in FLC ≤ 5%. Median OS in group 1 120 (95% CI, 60–180) months; at 2 – 41 (95% CI, 15–92) months; in 3 – 69 (95% CI, 35–103). A direct relationship was found between an increase in the proportion of the sclerosing component in a tumor and an increase in the frequency of microvascular invasion.Conclusions. We can assume that the severity of the sclerosing component in the FLK tumor can serve as an effective morphological marker of a less favorable prognosis for this HCC subtype and correlate with the frequency of microvascular invasion.

Introduction. Liver transplant (LT) is a widely accepted treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The role of neoadjuvant (NAT) is still under debate.The aim of the work is to assess the effect of NAT on relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with HCC who underwent LT.Methods and materials. 63 patients diagnosed with HCC were observed at Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology from October 2010 to January 2020. Of these, 28 patients did not receive any type of treatment before transplantation, 35 patients received various types of NAT. Two groups had similar patient and tumour characteristics at baseline. A significant number of patients with decompensated cirrhosis were observed in the non-NAT group (n = 14; 50%), while no patients with CP-C liver cirrhosis were observed in the NAT group (n = 0; 0%; p = 0.000). The average wait for a liver transplant was 10.3 months in the NAT group and 6.8 months in the NAT-free group (p = 0.561).Results. In the bridging subgroup, the tumour progression was detected in 29% of patients, stable disease in 47% of patients, partial response was achieved in 14% of patients, complete tumour response was observed in 5%. For 5% of patients, it was not possible to estimate the effect of the therapy due to the lack of appropriate data archives. In the subgroup of downstaging therapy, the tumour progression was detected in 23% of patients, stable disease in 41% of patients, a partial response was achieved in 12% of patients, a complete tumour response was observed in 6%. The treatment allowed the Milan criteria to be fulfilled in 18% of patients.Conclusion. There was no difference in overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) between the NAT and control groups.

First records of silica-scaled chrysophyte alga for the Leningrad Region and North-West of European Russia, fungi for the Pskov and Novosibirsk regions, and the Republic of Tuva, myxomycetes for the Republic of Belarus, lichens for the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area and West Siberia, liverworts for the Kurgan Region, mosses for the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, the Taimyr Peninsula, the Chukotka Autonomous Area, and the Kamchatka Territory from the North Koryakia are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution, and specimens are provided. The specimens are kept in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), the Herbarium of M. G. Popov at the Central Siberian Botanical Garden RAS (NSK), or the Herbarium of the Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany NAS of Belarus (MSK-F).

A summary seismostratigraphic description of the Nansen Basin sedimentary cover was compiled using data from the Norwegian sector of the Eurasian Basin and data interpretation from the Russian Arktika-2011 project. It was found that sea level fluctuations had a significant impact on sedimentation processes in the Arctic basin. Erosion processes on the shelf and slope were developed during regression phases. In the deep-water part, these processes were accompanied by the formation of fan systems, contourites, and slump bodies in both Neogene–Quaternary and older seismic sequences in the Nansen Basin. They are confined to the modern outer fan distinguished in the bottom topography in both young and older seismic sequences. The sedimentary infill was transported through the Franz Victoria and St. Anna troughs, which already existed at the beginning of the Eurasian Basin opening. The distal parts of the fans form extended sedimentary bodies in the basin with a loss of coherence and acoustic blanking of the seismic record. The contourites are distinguished in all sections near the continental foothill, and slump bodies occur on the slope near the shelf edge. Miocene–Pliocene sequences contain gravity flow sediments located more than 100 km away from the modern fan boundary. The sedimentary infill of the Nansen Basin was regulated both by the intensity of sediment influx and by changes in the hydrological regime of the basin associated with the periods of its isolation from the World Ocean and transition to a single water circulation system. The accumulation of contourite sediments began in the Miocene. They are developed near continental foothills together with fan lobes, and it is not possible to separate these sedimentary body types. The sharpest sea level fall at the Pliocene–Quaternary boundary resulted in the intense sediment input and the formation of spacious zones of coherence loss in the distal fan parts of the basin. The occurrence and spatial distribution of contourite and gravity flow deposits in the basin correlate with sea level fluctuations in antiphase with intense erosion on the Barents Sea shelf, which also depend on vertical movements in the basin surrounding (Svalbard and Franz-Joseph Land archipelagos). Seismic profiles without superimposed interpretation are given in the electronic supplementary materials.

Summary. Purpose. It consists in the study of the main indicators of the activity of the emergency medical care system in 2020 based on the results of reports from the centers of emergency medical care and medicine of disasters in the regions in comparison with 2019. Study of positive experience and ways to optimize the organizational and staff structure of emergency medical care, which will allow the most effective use of forces and resources in the process of performing tasks as intended. Materials and methods. In the course of researching the reports of the centers of emergency medical care, the following research methods were used: analytical, systematic approach. The regulatory legal acts regulating the activities of emergency medical care were used. Results. A detailed analysis of the reports of the centers of emergency medical care in 2020 was carried out, the factors of positive and negative impact on the results of activities were identified. Conclusions. In general, the emergency medical care system copes with the tasks set to perform the tasks as prescribed, but there are a number of problematic issues that negatively affect its activities.

First records of trebouxiophycean alga and fungi for the Leningrad Region, myxomycetes for the Republic of Belarus, lichens, saprobic and lichenicolous fungi for European Russia, the Nenets Autonomous Area, the Kostroma and Tver regions, the republics of Altai and Tuva, Altai and Primorye territories, bryophytes for the Orel and Ryazan regions, the arctic part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the North Koryakia are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution, and specimens are provided.

Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a relatively rare primary liver tumor of unknown etiology (chronic infections with hepatitis B or C viruses, chronic alcohol poisoning, cirrhosis of the liver), which occurs mainly in the young population. FLK is more often diagnosed already at common stages due to the absence of pronounced clinical manifestations in patients for a long time. In pathomorphological diagnostics, FLC is a cluster of large polygonal eosinophilic cells with a clearly defined vesicular nucleus, surrounded by abundant growths of lamellar fibrosis. In most cases, collagen fibers are arranged in parallel strands; in metastatic tumors, collagen fibers can be arranged haphazardly (the so-called “tangled fibers”).For many years, attempts have been made to identify reliable markers for the detection and differential diagnosis of FLC and to determine the cause of tumors in young patients, and the molecular mechanisms of FLC carcinogenesis have been studied. In 2014 during the full transcriptome analysis of FLC samples, the chimeric transcript DNAJB1PRKACA was discovered, which is formed as a result of deletion of a section of chromosome 19 with a size of 400 thousand nucleotide pairs and leads to the fusion of two genes, which Is found in most FLC samples. Surgery is the only curative treatment of this tumor type and radical method of treating the disease. Given that lymph node involvement is an important prognostic factor, complete periportal lymphadenectomy should be performed as part of radical surgery for patients with FLK. The role and possibilities of locoregional and drug-based treatment methods are not fully clear, and the search for effective treatment regimens and potential targets specific to this form of HCR is urgent. Studies show conflicting results for different chemotherapy regimens and the use of targeted therapy. The literature describes isolated clinical cases of successful use of immunotherapy in patients with PD-L1-expressing tumors. The most important condition for successful treatment is an in-depth study of the molecular mechanisms of FLC carcinogenesis. This review presents current data on epidemiology, classification, clinico-morphological, molecular and genetic aspects, as well as some diagnostic features and FLC treatment modalities.

Liver cancers are among the deadliest malignancies due to a limited efficacy of early diagnostics, the lack of appropriate biomarkers and insufficient discrimination of different types of tumors by classic and molecular methods. In this study, we searched for novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as well as validated several known candidates suitable as probable biomarkers for primary liver tumors of various etiology. We described a novel lncRNA HELIS (aka “HEalthy LIver Specific”) and estimated its expression by RT-qPCR in 82 paired tissue samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), combined HCC-CCA, pediatric hepatoblastoma (HBL) and non-malignant hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). Additionally, we examined expression of cancer-associated lncRNAs HULC, MALAT1, UCA1, CYTOR, LINC01093 and H19, which were previously studied mainly in HCC. We demonstrated that down-regulation of HELIS strongly correlates with carcinogenesis; whereas in tumors with non-hepatocyte origin (HBL, CCA) or in a number of poorly differentiated HCC, this lncRNA is not expressed. We showed that recently discovered LINC01093 is dramatically down-regulated in all malignant liver cancers; while in benign tumors LINC01093 expression is just twice decreased in comparison to adjacent samples. Our study revealed that among all measured biomarkers only down-regulated HELIS and LINC01093, up-regulated CYTOR and dysregulated HULC are perspective for differential diagnostics of liver cancers; whereas others demonstrated discordant results and cannot be considered as potential universal biomarkers for this purpose.

First records of Myxomycetes for the Republic of Belarus, Basidiomycetes for the Novosibirsk and Volgograd regions, the Republic of Altai, lichens and lichenicolous fungi for the Tver Region, the republics of Altai and Tyva, bryophytes for Novaya Zemlya, the Pskov, Tula and Saratov regions, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area — Yugra, the Republic of Buryatia, the New Siberian Islands Archipelago, the Peninsula and excluded lichens for the Republic of Altai are presented. Data on localities, habitats, substrates and herbarium specimens of all species are provided.

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is the uncommon benign liver tumor, which is characterized by monoclonal proliferation of mature hepatocytes. HCAs have many genetic and molecular features that determine their natural behavior (such as malignant transformation), but MRI features are studied just for two subtypes (H-HCA и I-ICA). This article presents clinical case of 58 y.o. woman with hepatitis C, hepatic adenomatosis and malignant transformation of one of multiple HCAs.

The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), even if short-term, may be associated to small intestinal complications, such as erosions, ulcers and chronic mucosal inflammation. Video capsule endoscopy allows for identification of such lesions in 20 to 55% of the patients who have taken nonselective NSAID for 2 to 4 weeks. The pathophysiology of NSAID-induced enteropathy is related to a reduced reparative potential of the mucosa and abnormalities of the microbial balance in the small intestine. In real world practice, NSAID enteropathy is commonly asymptomatic, and its manifestations, such as bleeding, perforation and ileus, are quite rare (about 0.3 episodes per 100 patient-years). The main manifestation of NSAID enteropathy is chronic iron deficient anemia. The use of rebamipide, sulfasalazine, mesalazine, and rifaximin has been discussed in the treatment of NSAID enteropathy, whereas its prevention implies preferential administration of coxibs, the use of rebamipide and probiotics.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of piribedil on cognitive functions in elderly patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) and cognitive impairment (CI). Patients and methods. A total of 67 patients aged 60-75 years with CCVD and CI were examined. A control group included 32 patients who had received basic therapy with antihypertensive and, if indicated, lipid-lowering and antithrombotic drugs. A study group consisted of 35 patients who additionally took piribedil 50 mg after evening meals for 3 months. Neuropsychological examination was made before and after a treatment cycle. Results and discussion. After 3 months, only the piribedil group showed a significant neuropsychological improvement (pConclusion. When used in CCVD and CI, piribedil 50 mg once daily for 3 months is able to improve cognitive functions in elderly patients, which indicates that it is feasible to use the drug in combined therapy with essential (antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, antithrombotic) medicines.

The article considers the primary results of geological, geophysical, geomorphological, and hydrophysical studies in the Barents and Kara seas conducted on cruise 49 of the R/V Akademik Nikolay Strakhov in 2020.

Intaking antithrombotic funds (ATA) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is one of the most frequent causes of pathology in gastrointestinal (GI) tract.The purpose of the study: comparison of pathological changes of the mucous membrane in the upper GI tract, that occur against the background of ATA and NSAIDs admission.Material and methods. Endoscopic data of two groups of patients taking ATA and NSAIDS have been compared. The first group of 448 patients from the 10th Gastrointestinal Department in N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital was on record from 2013 to 2017. The patients had erosive ulcerous changes of gastrointestinal mucosa, occurred against the background of the ATA admission. The second group comprised 6431 patients with rheumatic diseases. They were hospitalized in the clinic of V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology in the period from 2007 to 2016 and took NSAIDs regularly.Results. Duodenal and gastric ulcer changes in gastric mucosa and duodenal ulcers were identified in 168 (37.5 %) patients taking ATA and in 1691 (26.3 %) patient treated with NSAIDS. Structure of pathology varied. So, against the background of ATA and NSAIDS admission, the number of acute gastric ulceration amounted to 6.5 % and 15.5 % (p < 0.001); acute ulcers duodenal was 2.9 % and 4.9 %; combined ulcerative lesions of gastric and duodenal was 2.9 % and 2.0 %; multiple erosions of gastroduodenal mucosa were 52.4 % and 15.7 % (p < 0.001); single erosion was 35. 1% and 61.6 %. The factor of ulcer history and age ≥ 65 years old increased significantly the risk of duodenal and gastric ulcer changes in patients taking ATA and NSAIDs: OR 5.182 (95% CI 2.701–9.942) and 3.24 (95% CI 2.19–5.34), 4.537 (95% CI 2.036–10.11) and 2.016 (95% CI 1.230–2.917) respectively. Intaking of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) reduced significantly the risk of complications for both ATA and NSAIDs: OR 0.329 (95% CI 0.199–0.546) and 0.317 (95% CI 0.210–0.428) respectively.Conclusion. The structure of pathology of mucous in the upper gastrointestinal tract that arose against the backdrop of ATA and NSAIDs admission is different. The first is characterized by a multiple erosion, while the second one has single acute distal gastric ulcers. The ulcerative history and advanced age of patients increase significantly the risk of complications concerning the gastroduodenal mucosa when using ATA and NSAIDs. PPI is the effective means of preventing this pathology.

The article presents an annotated cheklist of 32 species of myxomycetes found on the territory of the National Park “Narochansky”, including 28 species new for the National Park, and 21 have never been recorded for the Republic of Belarus. For every species data on locality, coordinates, plant association, substrate, collection date, and voucher number have been provided. The specimens are stored in herbaria of the V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany (MSK – F) or Komarov Botanical Institute (LE).

The operating principle of an optical high-resolution reflectometer running in the frequency domain (OFDR reflectometer) is examined. A mathematical model for measuring the parameters of fiber-optic systems using an OFDR reflectometer is presented. The accuracy characteristics of OFDR reflectometers are analyzed and the instrument accuracy is estimated quantitatively. Methods for calibrating OFDR reflectometers based on a distance scale are proposed and equipment for these methods is discussed.

Colon cancer is the 3rdmost common malignant neoplasm and the 4thleading cause of mortality from them. The majority of patients are diagnosed at stages II–IV, which indicates the need for markers that can predict disease progression, especially after surgical treatment. Recently, there has been a growing interest in exploring circulating tumor DNA as a marker of residual tumor in colon cancer. In 2018, the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology together with the Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine under the coordination of the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks initiated a research project entitled “Development of an assay for the diagnosis of various malignant tumors and treatment efficacy monitoring based on the analysis of circulating tumor DNA from patient blood”. This article provides a theoretical background for the project and a report on its progress made so far.

Manifestations of fluids and deformations in the sedimentary cover, which are both factors of brightening (blanking anomalies) in seismoacoustic records, in the equatorial segment of the Atlantic coincide with the sublatitudinal zones of the activated passive parts of transform faults and with zones of lower gravity anomalies and higher values of remnant magnetization, which form as a result of serpentinization. The cause-and-effect sequence of intraplate phenomena includes: the contrasting geodynamic state → horizontal movements that form macrofractures → water supply to the upper mantle → serpentinization of rocks in the upper mantle → deformations associated with vertical uplift of basement and sedimentary cover blocks, coupled with fluid generation → and fluid accumulation in the sedimentary cover, accompanied by the formation of anomalies in seismoacoustic records. Based on the seismic data, we have identified imbricate-thrust deformations, diapir structures, stamp folds, and positive and negative flower structures, indicating the presence of strike-slip faults in the passive parts of transform faults. The general spatial distribution of deformation structures shows their concentration in cold mantle zones. Correlative comparison of the structural characteristics of deformations shows the direct relationship between the heights of structures and the development of serpentinization processes. As per the age of the basement, deformations range from 27–38 to 43–53 Ma; a quite thick sedimentary cover makes it possible to reveal them based on the characteristic types of seismoacoustic records. The formation of the Antilles arc ca. 10 Ma ago affected the equatorial segment of the Atlantic; it formed kink bands where lithospheric blocks underwent displacements with counterclockwise rotations, deformations related to compression and vertical uplift of crustal fragments, and local extension that favored degassing of endogenous fluids. Sublatitudinally oriented imbricate-thrust deformations with different vergences indicate irregularity and alternating strike-slip directions as blocks between fractures were laterally influenced.

The paper presents description of the relief, open fracture system, and submarine slides west of the Spitsbergen Archipelago in the Vestnesa Ridge area based on the data collected during cruises of the R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov. Data pertaining to seismicity, as well as gas flares, chimneys, and holes are given based on the published sources. Analysis of the full information suggests the development of conditions favorable for large submarine landslides west of the Spitsbergen Archipelago.

Hydrochemical analysis of the high-salinity lakes in the Ishim Plain (>250–300 g/L) located at the border with the Northern Kazakhstan uranium ore province is performed. The studies have shown that the main factor of concentration and redistribution of uranium in the lake basins of the Ishim Plain are the processes of intense salt deflation causing sanding of lakes and uranium depletion in the near-surface layer of the bottom deposits. The correlation between the hydroxide forms of uranium binding in the bottom lacustrine deposits of the Ishim Plain and the coffinite composition of the Semizbai deposit makes it possible to consider this province to be promising for the discovery of hydromineral uranium deposits.

On cruises 25 (2007) and 28 (2011) of the R/V Akademik Nikolai Strakhov in the northern part of the Barents Sea, the Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, conducted comprehensive research on the bottom relief and upper part of the sedimentary cover profile under the auspices of the International Polar Year program. One of the instrument components was the SeaBat 8111 shallow-water multibeam echo sounder, which can map the acoustic field similarly to a side scan sonar, which records the response both from the bottom and from the water column. In the operations area, intense sound scattering objects produced by the discharge of deep fluid flows are detected in the water column. The sound scattering objects and pockmarks in the bottom relief are related to anomalies in hydrocarbon gas concentrations in bottom sediments. The sound scattering objects are localized over Triassic sequences outcropping from the bottom. The most intense degassing processes manifest themselves near the contact of the Triassic sequences and Jurassic clay deposits, as well as over deep depressions in a field of Bouguer anomalies related to the basement of the Jurassic–Cretaceous rift system

—The article briefly describes the results of integrated geological, geophysical, and hydrophysical studies on the shelves of the Barents and Kara seas. The research was aimed at substantiating the most probable scenario of development of natural conditions of Russia’s Western Arctic against ongoing climate warming, sea level rise, and increasing anthropogenic impact. Studies have confirmed widespread modern hazardous geological and geomorphological processes of different genesis in the Barents–Kara region.

Soft drinks are widely used and have steady demand. The content of beverages includes food colours and flavourings of different origins. Currently, consumers prefer drinks that contain natural raw materials. The purpose of this study is to analyze the product range and informational identification of the naturalness of food colours and flavourings declared by the producers of soft drinks presented by the domestic food retailers. The study objects are 48 soft drinks of various brands sold in the Lenta retail chain. When performing research, methods of analysis and systematization were used. The study of food colours and flavourings contained in soft drinks was based on the method of observation and content analysis. As a result of this study, information about ingredients indicated on the labels of soft drinks from the product range of the Lenta retail chain was researched. When studying the labels, special attention was paid to the presence or absence of food colours and flavourings in the sold beverages as well as whether these ingredients are natural. Depending on the presence of colours and/or flavourings in the beverage, the structure calculation of the soft drinks range was made. It was found that a great part of the Lenta assortment includes soft drinks that are coloured with one or more natural food colours (48 %), as well as soft drinks that do not contain food colours (25 %). Synthetic food colours are found in 21 % of beverages; soft drinks containing natural and synthetic colours make up 6 % of the range. It is revealed that there is no uniformity of information about the flavouring used in the labelling of soft drinks, consequently it makes difficult for the consumer to choose the product. Attained results can have practical implementation. The product range formation of domestic soft drinks of adequate quality helps to increase the competitiveness of Russian brands, reduce the consumer health risk, and meet consumer demand for quality products.

Prevention of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) complications is the most important element for the rational use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and low-dose aspirin (LDA). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have long been the only medication to prevent these complications. However, PPIs are only effective in preventing and treating upper GIT diseases (NSAID gastropathy) rather than small intestinal injury (NSAID enteropathy). Rebamipide has emerged as a novel agent to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa today. The effect of the drug differs from that of PPIs: it is a typical gastroand enteroprotector that enhances the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins and possesses a significant anti-inflammatory potential. Rebamipide has long been widely used by doctors inJapan,South Korea, andChinaas an effective and safe agent for the treatment of many diseases of the digestive system. There is a strong evidence base for the efficacy of rebamipide in preventing and treating NSAID gastropathy and NSAID enteropathy (including LDA-induced injuries). Controlled studies have found that the drug is not inferior to the classic gastroprotective agent misoprostol, significantly outperforming the latter in its tolerability. This review describes the mechanism of action of rebamipide and main clinical trials of its therapeutic effect in NSAID gastropathy and NSAID enteropathy.

3559 Background: Recently, conflicting evidence has emerged showing the association of ctDNA level and cancer progression. The aim of our study was the development of a method for detecting ctDNA in plasma and the investigation of the prognostic value of ctDNA retention after surgery in the prospective way. Methods: This prospective, single-center, sample collection study; pts with early-stage malignancies of the different origin were included. Tumor somatic mutations were determined by target sequencing of DNA from FFPE tumor blocks. Sequencing was performed using the custom NGS panel covering regions of frequent somatic mutations in 50 genes. Tumor-specific mutations were monitored in plasma samples taken before and after surgery. The median time between surgery and plasma collection was 7 days (5-15). Mutations of plasma ctDNA were determined by ddPCR. The plasma sample was considered "positive" if the content of ctDNA was more than 0.5 copies of mutant DNA in ml plasma. We needed 265 pts for improving 1-year disease free survival (DFS) from 60% to 80% with α=0.01, β=0.1, 10% loss of f.-up and duration of the study for 2 years. Results: The study comprised 271 pts with various cancers including colorectal – 91 (33,6%), pancreatic – 37 (13,7%), breast – 66 (24,4%), lung – 35 (12,9%) and gastric cancer – 42 (15,5%). Pts with stage I was 50 (18,5%), stage II – 118 (43,5%) and stage III – 103 (38%). The median time of the f.-up was 9 mos. (1-37). No significant association was found between the level of ctDNA before surgery and DFS either in the general group or in groups stratified by tumor sites (HR 2.4, 95%CI 0.8-7.1, р=0.12 and HR 1.5, 95%CI 0.4-6.3, р=0.5, correspondingly). ctDNA was detected in the plasma after surgery in 57 (10%) pts: 9 (9.9%) cases of colorectal, 10 (27%) - pancreatic, 9 (13.6%) - breast, 19 (54.3%) - lung, and 10 (23.8%) - gastric cancer. Progression of the disease was detected in 28/57 (49%) pts with ctDNA(+) and 17/214 (8%) - in ctDNA(-) pts (p

A comparative study was carried out of the structure of samples of zirconium oxides modified by yttrium and magnesium, synthesized by coprecipitation and calcined during 10 days at a temperature of 1250 °C. Refinement of the structure of the samples according to diffraction data within the framework of the fluorite type, gives high uncertainty factors, regardless of composition, and variation of structural parameters does not reduce their value. EXAFS analysis of the local structure of the samples revealed separate clusters consisting only of yttrium and oxygen ions in the structure of both samples. It has been suggested that the presence of these clusters prevents refinement of structures using the model of statistical solid solution with a fluorite structure.

The long-term strength of a system of single-crystal nickel alloy ZhS36-VI with Cr - Al gas circulation coating (GCC) + Ni - Cr - Al - Ta - Re - Yion-plasma coating (IPC) + Al - Ni - Cr - Yion-plasma coating (IPC) is analyzed under conditions close to the operating ones after a hold for 1 - 1000 h in a temperature range of 1050 - 1300 C. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Liver resection is the essential method of cholangiocellular carcinoma treatment. However due to low resectability and high incidence of recurrences search for additional curative methods is necessary.To improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with cholangiocellular carcinoma especially with complications and poor prognosis.A total of 95 surgical procedures for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma have been performed in the department of liver andpancreatic tumors at N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center since 1998 to 2014. 11 patients had obstructive jaundice as the first symptom of the disease. Extended liver resections were done in most cases (84.2%). Preoperative treatment was performed in 3 patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy after R0-resection was applied in 15 patients.The postoperative mortality rate was 4.2%. Postoperative complications were observed in 51 (53.7%) patients. Complication grade III after adjuvant chemotherapy was observed in one (6.7%) patient. Median survival after liver resection was 25 months, 5-year survival rate - 25.3%. In stage I-II five-year survival reached 66.7%. In patients with obstructive jaundice 5-year survival rate was 26.7%, median survival - 37 months. There was no improvement of survival in case of adjuvant therapy.Liver resection remains essential treatment of cholangiocellular carcinoma including patients with obstructive jaundice. Additional curative methods are necessary to increase resectability and decrease the risk of recurrence.Резекция печени - основной вид лечения больных холангиоцеллюлярным раком, но в связи с низкой резектабельностью и высоким уровнем рецидива необходим поиск дополнительных методов лечения. Цель - улучшить результаты хирургического лечения больных холангиоцеллюлярным раком, особенно при наличии осложнений опухоли и плохого прогноза. Материал и методы. С 1998 по 2014 г. в хирургическом отделении опухолей печени и поджелудочной железы РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина выполнено 95 операций по поводу внутрипеченочной холангиокарциномы, у 11 из них заболевание манифестировало механической желтухой. Обширные резекции печени преобладали (выполнены у 84,2% больных). Предоперационное лечение осуществлено 3 больным. Адъювантная химиотерапия после R0 резекции проведена 15 больным. Результаты. Послеоперационная летальность составила 4,2%. Послеоперационные осложнения отмечены у 51 (53,7%) больного. Осложнение адъювантной химиотерапии III степени отмечено у 1 (6,7%) больного. Медиана продолжительности жизни больных после резекции печени составила 25 мес, пятилетняя выживаемость 25,3%. При I-II стадии пятилетняя выживаемость достигла 66,7%. В группе больных с механической желтухой пятилетняя выживаемость составила 26,7%, медиана продолжительности жизни - 37 мес. Не отмечено улучшения выживаемости после проведения адъювантной терапии. Заключение. Резекция печени остается основным методом лечения холангиоцеллюлярного рака, в том числе у больных с механической желтухой. С целью увеличения резектабельности и снижения риска рецидива заболевания необходим поиск дополнительных методов лечения.

The Piaoak tin-bearing granite-leucogranites located in the Caobang Province of Northern Vietnam compose a stock-like hypabyssal body. Host rocks are represented by Early Devonian carbonate sequences and Early Triassic “black” shales. The geochronological age of the Piaoak granite-leucogranites corresponds to the Late Cretaceous: T = 83.5 ± 6.2 Ma, 87Rb/86Sr method; T = 89.7 ± 1.0 Ma, 39Ar/40Ar method. The massif has a simple basic to acid order: two-mica and muscovite granite-leucogranite → raremetal aplites, pegmatites → tin-bearing greisens and hydrothermal veins. The petrographic and microstructural studies revealed a sharp change in crystallization conditions of the granite-leucogranite magma at the late magmatic stage and formation of muscovite via incongruent melting of protolithionite. The study of melt and coexisting fluid inclusions showed that solidus crystallization occurred under fluid-saturated conditions at 635–600°C. In composition, the granite-leucogranites of the Piaoak Massif correspond to the raremetal-plumasite geochemical type (according to L.V. Tauson), and reach Li-F facies in terms of their rare-element composition. The composition of aplites and pegmatites demonstrates that granite-leucogranite magma did not accumulate lithophile and volatile components in the residual melt during differentiation, but was initially enriched in rare-metals. It is most probable that the melt was generated from Proterozoic lithotectonic complexes and overlaying Lower Triassic “black” shales.

Analysis of major- and trace-element compositions of water in hypersaline soda closed basin lakes of Northwestern Mongolia and Chuya basin (Gorny Altai) shows high enrichment in 238U (up to 1 mg/l). Proceeding from new data, uranium accumulation in water has been attributed to (i) location of the lakes and their watersheds in potential provinces of U-bearing rocks and (ii) uranium complexing with carbonate in presence of carbonate (bicarbonate) anions. Among the explored hypersaline soda lakes of the area, the greatest uranium resources are stored in Lake Hyargas Nuur (about 6000 ton).

265 The works of the 26th cruis of R/V Academik Nikolaj Strakhov scientific research vessel showed that the Barents Sea shelf located north of Medvezhii island experiences lift and erosion delivering terrige� nous material for fan systems from the shelf edge to the Knipovich Ridge. Bottom relief indicates the presence of tectonic fracturing in the region of intensive iso� statitical process in a continent–ocean transition zone and traces of movements of icebergs formed at differ� ent times. The survey in the zone of the Knipovich Ridge from 74°40 ′ to 75°20′ N indicates intensifica� tion of neotectonic processes on the eastern side of the rift valley and increase of their amplitude to 1.5 km. The nature of deformations of the sedimentary cover testifies to the continuation of Riedel fractures under sediments on the eastern side and confirms the right