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A series of comb polymers poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)-co-methacrylic acid (MAA)-co-methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylate (MPEGMA)) (poly(DMAEMA-MAA-MPEGMA, DMM) were synthesized and used as N-methyl-2-pyrolidinone (NMP)-based lithium iron phosphate (LFP) suspension dispersants. The effects of the grafting density of the carboxyl group as the anchoring group and the chain length of the side chain of PEG, which plays the role of spatial site resistance, on the rheological properties and suspension stability of the slurry were systematically investigated. By investigating the adsorption amount and thickness of DMM on the LFP surface, combined with calculations based on the scalar law and Flory theory, the molecular structure of the comb polymer dispersant was revealed to influence the adsorption and dispersion performance. The dispersion of LiFePO4 was due to the synergistic effects of adsorption and steric hindrance effect, which resulted that dispersants with medium carboxyl density and PEG side chain length can improve the dispersion performance and stability.

Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) has been given a lot of attention in the academic field in recent years, in particular in studies of teacher cognition and teacher knowledge. It was first put forward by Shulman as part of the knowledge base required of teachers for teaching, and has provided a crucial way of thinking for many scholars when conducting deeper study into the relationship between teachers and teaching. Therefore, more empirical studies in various contexts have been encouraged to understand teachers’ PCK and to offer suggestions for teacher education. Shulman also argued that PCK is the special mixture of content and pedagogy that represents teachers’ personal understanding of the profession, and that teachers’ teaching competence enables them to transform content knowledge into specific teaching methods for students from various backgrounds at different levels; however, he did not explain how this transformation happens. Thus, based on this research gap, the current review brought together the following key fields: teacher cognition, teacher knowledge including PCK, and teacher education and development. It argues that teachers’ pedagogical knowledge intersects content knowledge from five different perspectives: teachers’ views on knowledge base, language, learning, teaching, and reflection (TOBACCO framework) and proffers suggestions for English-language teacher education and development in China.

Key to accepted species of Antella 1. Pores 4 per mm; species distributed in Europe................................................................................................................ A. niemelaei 1. Pores 0.5–2 per mm; species distributed in Asia and North America................................................................................................2 2. Basidiospores mostly> 2 µm wide; species distributed in North America.................................................................... A. americana 2. Basidiospores mostly A. chinensis 3. Cystidioles present, gloeocystidia 32–45 × 8–12 μm.......................................................................................................... A. tibetica, Published as part of Du, Ping, Cao, Tian-Xu & Dai, Yu-Cheng, 2022, A new species of Antella (Steccherinaceae, Agaricomycetes) from southwest China, pp. 283-290 in Phytotaxa 543 (5) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.543.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6479442

Antella tibetica P. Du & Y.C. Dai, sp. nov. (Figs. 2–3) MycoBank no.— MB 843263 Diagnosis:— Antella tibetica is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiocarps with large pores, 0.5–1.5 per mm, a dimitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, and subicular skeletal hyphae bearing fine crystals, abundant gloeocystidia variable in shape, oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores, and growth on living or dead angiosperm wood. It can easily be distinguished from other members of the genus by the presence of cystidioles, variable gloeocystidia, strongly encrusted subicular hyphae, and growth on angiosperm wood. Etymology:— tibetica (Lat.): refers to Tibet, where the type was collected. Type:— Chian, Tibet, Lingzhi, Selila Mts., on dead branch of Prunus, elev. 3700 m, 23 October 2021, Dai 23334 (Holotype, BJFC 037905). Description:— Basidiocarps annual, resupinate, adnate, tough and coriaceous, without odor or taste when fresh, corky upon drying, up to 4 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, 5 mm thick at center. Pore surface buff yellow to buff when fresh, pinkish buff to yellowish brown upon drying; pores angular, round to irregular, mature pores distinctly larger than the juvenile ones, mature pores mostly 0.5–1.5 per mm; dissepiments thin to thick, entire to lacerate. Sterile margin distinct, white when fresh, up to 0.5 mm, almost lacking with age. Subiculum buff, very thin or almost lacking, ca. 0.2–0.3 mm thick. Tubes concolorous with pore surface, corky, up to 4.8 mm long. Hyphal system dimitic; composed of generative hyphae with clamp connections, and skeletal hyphae, hyaline, IKI–, CB+; tissues unchanged in KOH. Subiculum composed of hyaline generative hyphae, thin- to slightly thickwalled, occasionally branched, 2–3 μm diam, and hyaline skeletal hyphae, thick-walled to subsolid, rarely branched, usually encrusted with fine crystals, slightly interwoven, 2.5–4 μm diam. Tubes composed of hyaline generative hyphae, thin-walled, occasionally branched, 2–2.5 μm diam and hyaline skeletal hyphae, thick-walled to subsolid, unbranched, interwoven, 2–3.5 μm diam. Hyphal pegs absent. Gloeocystidia commonly present, with oily substance, refractive and yellowish in IKI, variable in shape, fusoid, clavate or pyriform, 32–45 × 8–12 μm. Cystidioles fusoid, 17–24 × 3–4 μm. Basidia clavate, bearing four sterigmata and a clamp connection at the base, 17–19 × 4–5.5 μm. Basidioles similar to basidia in shape, but slightly smaller. Basidiospores mostly oblongellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, some with one or two small guttules, IKI–, CB–, (3.1–)3.2–4 × (1.5–)1.6–2 μm, L= 3.59 μm, W = 1.81 μm, Q=1.95–2 (n=60/2). Additional material studied (paratype):— China, Tibet, Milin County, Nanyigou Forest Park, on living tree of Hippophae, elev. 3000 m, 16 September 2014, Cui 12097 (BJFC 017011)., Published as part of Du, Ping, Cao, Tian-Xu & Dai, Yu-Cheng, 2022, A new species of Antella (Steccherinaceae, Agaricomycetes) from southwest China, pp. 283-290 in Phytotaxa 543 (5) on pages 286-288, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.543.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6479442

Additional file 1 Supplementary Table 1. Quality preprocessing of transcriptome sequencing data.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-cat-10.1177_10760296221130334 for Disease Burden in Patients with von Willebrand Disease Potentially Eligible for Prophylaxis: Post Hoc Analysis of a European Cross-Sectional Study by Ping Du, George Morgan, Sarah Brighton and Shawn X. Sun in Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis

Watermarking plays an import role in digital copyright protection. It enables copyright owners to embed invisible watermarks within copies of data before distribution. However, most existing watermarking algorithms for 2D vector maps use either spatial domain methods, e.g., the Least Significant Bit or frequency domain methods, e.g., discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and very few algorithms combine the two domains. In order to improve the robustness of watermarks to against more common attacks, a novel algorithm using a combination of spatial and frequency domains is presented. Both the spatial domain and the frequency domain can be used for watermark embedding. Obviously, the advantages of each method are retained and the disadvantages of each method are offset by complementation. The watermark was also shuffled before embedding. A one-way hash function was used to map the watermark and 2D vector map. By using two different methods, one part of the watermark was embedded into the spatial domain first and another part of the watermark was embedded into the DFT domain. Additionally, the watermark was embedded multiple times. No original map data are required for the watermark extraction procedure. Analysis shows that the distortions of the watermarked data are extremely small, and the algorithm is more robust than methods using a single domain. It can resist the most common attacks, such as vertex insertion and removal, cropping, compression, reordering, and data format conversion attacks. It is also robust against rotation scaling and translation attacks.

This study examined biological characteristics, liquid fermentation, and cultivation of Fomitopsis pinicola. A single-factor test concluded that the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelial growth were soluble starch and yeast paste; the optimal culture temperature was 31°C, and the optimal pH was 6.0. The orthogonal experiment indicated that the optimal formula for mycelial culture was 25 g soluble starch, 2 g yeast extract, 1 g KH2PO4, and 1.5 g MgSO4 added to 1 L water. The optimal conditions for liquid fermentation culture consisted of the following: a loading volume 90 mL, inoculation volume 30 mL, and rotation speed 160 rpm. The optimal substrate formula for domestic culture was 20% corn cob, 30% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 25% cotton seed shell, 3% corn meal, 1% gypsum, and 1% lime, which produced the highest yield of fruiting bodies. The results provided basic data for deep liquid fermentation culture and recommendations for the further development and utilization of F. pinicola.

Aim. To investigate the mRNA expression and clinical significance of structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 4 (SMC4) in breast cancer. Methods. A total of 23 paired samples were sequenced, and data from the Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed. Results. SMC4 mRNA level was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues (P<0.001). Patients with high mRNA expression of SMC4 had significantly poor survival (P=0.012). Subgroup analyses show that in nontriple negative breast cancer (non-TNBC) patients, the high SMC4 mRNA expression, older age (>65), negative progesterone receptor, and advanced stages (III-IV) were independent risk factors (HR=3.293, 95% CI 1.257-8.625, P=0.015). In patients with TNBC, high mRNA expression of SMC4 correlated with better survival rate (P<0.046). Conclusion. SMC4 mRNA level is a good prognostic biomarker for patients with breast cancer.

Background We previously reported that maternal alcohol use significantly increases the risk of sepsis in premature and term newborns. In the mouse, fetal ethanol exposure results in an immunosuppressed phenotype for the alveolar macrophage (AM) and decreases bacterial phagocytosis. In pregnant mice, ethanol decreased AM zinc homeostasis, which contributed to immunosuppression and impaired AM phagocytosis. In this study, we explored whether ethanol-induced zinc insufficiency extended to the pup AMs and contributed to immunosuppression and exacerbated viral lung infections. Methods C57BL/6 female mice were fed a liquid diet with 25% ethanol-derived calories or pair-fed a control diet with 25% of calories as maltose-dextrin. Some pup AMs were treated in vitro with zinc acetate before measuring zinc pools or transporter expression and bacteria phagocytosis. Some dams were fed additional zinc supplements in the ethanol or control diets, and then we assessed pup AM zinc pools, zinc transporters, and the immunosuppressant TGFβ1. On postnatal day 10, some pups were given intranasal saline or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and then AM RSV phagocytosis and the RSV burden in the airway lining fluid were assessed. Results Fetal ethanol exposure decreased pup AM zinc pools, zinc transporter expression, and bacterial clearance, but in vitro zinc treatments reversed these alterations. In addition, the expected ethanol-induced increase in TGFβ1 and immunosuppression were associated with decreased RSV phagocytosis and exacerbated RSV infections. However, additional maternal zinc supplements blocked the ethanol-induced perturbations in the pup AM zinc homeostasis and TGFβ1 immunosuppression, thereby improving RSV phagocytosis and attenuating the RSV burden in the lung. Conclusion These studies suggest that, despite normal maternal dietary zinc intake, in utero alcohol exposure results in zinc insufficiency, which contributes to compromised neonatal AM immune functions, thereby increasing the risk of bacterial and viral infections.

Background Determining the prevalence of pre-treatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) is important to assess the effectiveness of first-line therapies. To determine PDR prevalence in Papua New Guinea (PNG), we conducted a nationally representative survey. Methods We used a two-stage cluster sampling method to recruit HIV treatment initiators with and without prior exposure to antiretroviral therapies (ART) in selected clinics. Dried blood spots were collected and tested for PDR. Results A total of 315 sequences were available for analysis. The overall PDR prevalence rate was 18.4% (95% CI 13.8–24.3%). The prevalence of PDR to non-nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) was 17.8% (95% CI 13.6–23.0%) and of PDR to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) was 6.3% (95% CI 1.6–17.1%). The PDR prevalence rate among people reinitiating ART was 42.4% (95% CI 29.1–56.4%). Conclusions PNG has a high PDR prevalence rate, especially to NNRTI-based first-line therapies. Our findings suggest that removing NNRTIs as part of first-line treatment is warranted and will lead to improving viral suppression rates in PNG.

During the operation of a coke dry quenching system of coking plant, wear-proofing cover of the boiler was seriously eroded, and even the ceiling tube of the boiler was worn and torn. Thus, attentions were paid to the research, development and application of the wear-resistant coating spraying technique for wear-proofing cover of the coke dry quenching furnace. The Cr3C2–NiCr coatings for wear-proofing cover were fabricated via supersonic arc spraying process, and the residual coating of wear-proofing cover would be sampled for being analyzed after two years. The coating presents a dense microstructure with few pores and micro-cracks (the porosity is 4.65%). After thermal spraying of the wear-proofing cover, the hardness and the wear resistance of the surface are improved. The remaining coating is continuous and compact, with an average thickness of about 147 μm. Transverse micro-cracks parallel to the spreading direction of the coating surface are displayed on different areas of the coating, which demonstrates its serious erosion wear effect. The main chemical component of white zone is Fe–18Cr–Ni. The Cr level of light gray phase is about 77.57 wt.% and the O level is 22.43 wt.%. And the main chemical components of dark gray phase are C, O, Al, Si and Ca. X-ray diffraction patterns were adopted to implement phase analysis on the surface of coating sample, which indicated that the coating was composed of a large amount of Cr3O2 and a small amount of metal Cr.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of peripherally inserted central catheter–related deep venous thrombosis (PRDVT) and their associated risk factors of PRDVT in the oncological patients who received peripherally inserted central catheters. Methods: This is a prospective and interventional cohort study; enrolled cancer patients had ultrasound-guided peripherally inserted central catheters and followed up by an intensive ultrasound monitoring protocol for 24 weeks. Vascular color Doppler ultrasound was applicated to the prospective evaluation of thrombus every 2 weeks for each patient. Results: Of all 406 patients (37,490 catheter days), 30.05% of patients (122/406) developed peripherally inserted central catheter–related deep vein thrombosis, with an incidence of 3.25 per 1000 catheter days. Only 1.23% (5/406) peripherally inserted central catheters were removed because of central line associated blood stream infection or accident. The incidence of asymptomatic PRDVT and symptomatic PRDVT were 26.85% (109/406) and 3.2% (13/406) respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of PRDVT in our hospital was considerable to the published data. Catheter in right upper extremity, tip at subclavian or T 2-4, more than 1 attempt for peripherally inserted central catheter insertion, and radiotherapy were independent predictors of PRDVT in cancer patients. Proactive ultrasound monitoring protocol from insertion to follow-up visits to investigate the incidence of PRDVT in oncological patients should be a routine examination.

Inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines have been used widely to control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). However, the virions (146S) of this virus are easily dissociated into pentamer subunits (12S), which limits the immune protective efficacy of inactivated vaccines when the temperature is higher than 30 °C. A cold-chain system can maintain the quality of the vaccines, but such systems are usually not reliable in limited-resource settings. Thus, it is imperative to improve the thermostability of vaccine strains to guarantee the quality of the vaccines. In this study, four recombinant FMDV strains containing single or multiple amino acid substitutions in the structural proteins were rescued using a previously constructed FMDV type O full-length infectious clone (pO/DY-VP1). We found that single or multiple amino acid substitutions in the structural proteins affected viral replication to different degrees. Furthermore, the heat and acid stability of the recombinant viruses was significantly increased when compared with the parental virus. Three thermally stable recombinant viruses (rHN/DY-VP1Y2098F, rHN/DY-VP1V2090A-S2093H, and rHN/DY-VP1V2090A-S2093H-Y2098F) were prepared as inactivated vaccines to immunize pigs. Blood samples were collected every week to prepare sera, and a virus neutralization test showed that the substitutions S2093H and Y2098F, separately or in combination, did not affect the immunogenicity of the virus, but the Y2098F mutation increased the thermostability significantly (p < 0.05). Therefore, the rHN/DY-VP1Y2098F mutant should be considered for use in future vaccines.

TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine with an established role in fibrosis; however, the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-β1 are less characterized. Elevated levels of TGF-β1 are found in patients with acute and chronic lung diseases, and the underlying disease processes are exacerbated by respiratory viral infections. The alveolar macrophage is the first line of cellular defense against respiratory viral infections, and its response to infections is dependent on environmental cues. Using the mouse alveolar macrophage line, MH-S, and human CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages, we examined the effects of TGF-β1 on the type I IFN antiviral response, macrophage polarization, and mitochondrial bioenergetics following a challenge with human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Our results showed that TGF-β1 treatment of macrophages decreased the antiviral and proinflammatory response, and suppressed basal, maximal, spare mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial ATP production. Challenge with RSV following TGF-β1 treatment further exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction. The TGF-β1 and TGF-β1+RSV–treated macrophages had a higher frequency of apoptosis and diminished phagocytic capacity, potentially through mitochondrial stress. Disruption of TGF-β1 signaling or rescue of mitochondrial respiration may be novel therapeutically targetable pathways to improve macrophage function and prevent secondary bacterial infections that complicate viral respiratory infections.

Background In contrast to the excellent prognosis for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the high incidence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) markedly increases the risk of recurrence and secondary surgery. Thus, novel biomarkers must be urgently identified to assess LNM for patients with PTC. NCOA5 is deeply involved in the progression of human cancer; however, its role in thyroid cancer remains unknown. Patients and methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to investigate the expression of NCOA5 in PTC. RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded to further understand the role of NCOA5 in PTC and its relationship with LNM. Results NCOA5 was significantly downregulated in PTC tissues when compared with that in adjacent noncancerous thyroid tissues both in our local cohort and TCGA database. Reduced expression of NCOA5 was significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, including histological type, tumor stage, BRAF-V600E mutation, LNM, extrathyroid extension, and clinical stage. Moreover, logistic analysis indicated that reduced expression of NCOA5, age, histological type, and clinical stage are independent high-risk factors for LNM in PTC. Conclusion Our study provides new insights and evidence that NOCA5 was significantly correlated with the progression of PTC and was particularly involved in LNM.

Based on the establishment of analytical method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry fingerprint and obtaining pharmacodynamic information of the effects on IL-4...

Myeloid leukemia factor 1-interacting protein (MLF1IP) has been found to be involved in the progression of several malignancies. The potential correlation between MLF1IP and clinical outcome in patients with luminal breast cancer, however, remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that MLF1IP was significantly upregulated in luminal breast cancer tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue both in validated cohort and TCGA cohort. Upregulated expression of MLF1IP was correlated with more often lymph node metastasis and negative progesterone receptor expression in TCGA cohorts. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high MLF1IP expression had significantly lower overall survival. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that high MLF1IP expression was independent high risk factor as well as old age (>60) and distant metastasis. This study provides new insights and evidences that MLF1IP over-expression plays important roles in progression of luminal breast cancer. However, the precise cellular mechanisms for MLF1IP in luminal breast cancer need to be further explored.

When the social force model is used to simulate the crowd evacuation, how to reduce the amount of calculation of the original model is an important problem which can not only affect the speed of solving the model but also control the program running time. This paper investigates the impact that the number of each team’s members and the scale of crowd have on the evacuation time and the program running time in rooms with different exit width. Therefore, it proposes the grouping social force model, in which the crowd is to divide into multiple groups and each group is considered as a whole moving unit to decrease the computation time of the social force model. The simulation results show that evacuation time and programs run time will decrease with declining of the groups’ number, and the amplitude of attenuation is dynamic changing. Meanwhile, the results suggest that the proper number of each team’s members should be set to a different width exit in a regular rectangle room, and for large scale crowd, the effect of the grouping strategy is more effective.

In order to study the constant volume combustion performance of the mixed charge of super-porous propellant and super-porous coated propellant, 37-hole nitroguanidine propellant and 37-hole nitroguanidine coated propellant containing flame retardant TiO2 were prepared. At high temperature(50°C), normal temperature(20°C), low temperature(-40°C), a constant volume combustion experiment was performed on a mixed charge with a mass ratio of 1: 1 for the 37-hole propellant and the 37-hole coated propellant. The research results show that the constant volume combustion performance of the mixed charge is different from a single coated propellant and a single base propellant. The p-t, dp/dt-t and L-B curves of the mixed charge were between the coated propellant and the base propellant, but mixed charge has the greatest progressive combustion. And the temperature dependence of the progressive combustion of mixed charge is small, which has a certain low temperature effect.

Background: Minority drug resistance mutations (DRMs) that are often missed by Sanger sequencing are clinically significant, as they can cause virologic failure in individuals treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of minor DRMs among patients enrolled in a Malawi HIV drug resistance monitoring survey at baseline and at one year after initiation of ART. Methods: Forty-one plasma specimens collected from HIV-1 subtype C-positive patients and seven clonal control samples were analysed using ultra-deep sequencing technology. Results: Deep sequencing identified all 72 DRMs detected by Sanger sequencing at the level of ≥20% and 79 additional minority DRMs at the level of < 20% from the 41 Malawian clinical specimens. Overall, DRMs were detected in 85% of pre-ART and 90.5% of virologic failure patients by deep sequencing. Among pre-ART patients, deep sequencing identified a statistically significant higher prevalence of DRMs to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) compared with Sanger sequencing. The difference was mainly due to the high prevalence of minority K65R and M184I mutations. Most virologic failure patients harboured DRMs against both NRTIs and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). These minority DRMs contributed to the increased or enhanced virologic failures in these patients. Conclusion: The results revealed the presence of minority DRMs to NRTIs and NNRTIs in specimens collected at baseline and virologic failure time points. These minority DRMs not only increased resistance levels to NRTIs and NNRTIs for the prescribed ART, but also expanded resistance to additional major first-line ART drugs. This study suggested that drug resistance testing that uses more sensitive technologies, is needed in this setting.

Background In contrast to the excellent prognosis for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the high incidence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) markedly increases the risk of recurrence and secondary surgery. Thus, novel biomarkers must be urgently identified to assess LNM for patients with PTC. NCOA5 is deeply involved in the progression of human cancer; however, its role in thyroid cancer remains unknown. Patients and methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to investigate the expression of NCOA5 in PTC. RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were downloaded to further understand the role of NCOA5 in PTC and its relationship with LNM. Results NCOA5 was significantly downregulated in PTC tissues when compared with that in adjacent noncancerous thyroid tissues both in our local cohort and TCGA database. Reduced expression of NCOA5 was significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, including histological type, tumor stage, BRAF-V600E mutation, LNM, extrathyroid extension, and clinical stage. Moreover, logistic analysis indicated that reduced expression of NCOA5, age, histological type, and clinical stage are independent high-risk factors for LNM in PTC. Conclusion Our study provides new insights and evidence that NOCA5 was significantly correlated with the progression of PTC and was particularly involved in LNM.

Figure S1. Optical image of decellularized hFDM after hematoxylin staining. It shows a nanofiberous ECM structure without the presence of cells. (DOCX 2570Â kb)

Phosphates can cost-effectively decrease the mobility of Pb in contaminated soils. However, Pb always coexists with other metals in soil, their competitive reactions with phosphates have not been tested. In this study, the abilities of KH2PO4, K2HPO4, and K3PO4 to stabilize Pb, Zn, and Cd in soils contaminated with a single metal or a ternary metal for different phosphorus/metal molar ratios were investigated. Results indicated that the stabilization efficiency of KH2PO4, K2HPO4, and K3PO4 for Pb, Zn, and Cd in single metal contaminated soil (P/M ratio 0.6) was 96.00%–98.74%, 33.76%–47.81%, and 9.50%–55.79%, respectively. Competitive stabilization occurred in the ternary system, Pb exhibited a strong competition, the stabilization efficiency of Zn and Cd reduced by 23.50%–31.64%, and 7.10%–39.26%, respectively. Pyromorphite and amorphous lead phosphate formed with excess KH2PO4 or K2HPO4 addition, while K3PO4 resulted in the formation of a hydroxypyromorphite precipitate. Amorphous Zn and Cd phosphates and hydroxides were the primary products. The immobilization rate of Zn and Cd depends on pH, and increased significantly in response to the excess phosphate application. This approach provides insight into phosphate-induced differences in stabilization efficiency in soils contaminated with multiple metals, which is of theoretical and engineering significance.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading causes of cancer death among females in worldwide. It is urgent to develop novel biomarkers to improve risk stratification and optimize therapy choice. In our previous study, we firstly found that MLF1IP was upregulated in breast cancer tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue and patients with high MLF1IP expression had significantly lower overall survival. However, the biological function and cellular mechanisms of MLF1IP in breast cancer is still need to be elucidated. Here, we further investigated the role of MLF1IP in breast cancer by in vivo experiments. Our results showed that the expression level of MLF1IP was associated with lymph nodes metastasis and tumor size in clinical characteristic features. By biological function experiment, we found MLF1IP is correlated with cell proliferation and apoptosis and arrest cell cycle G1 through regulating Cyclin D1. Taken together, our findings suggested that MLF1IP could contribute to the oncogenic potential of breast cancer. To the best of our knowledge, it was firstly reported that MLF1IP was involved in breast cancer. This study provided a potential new marker and a target for gene therapy in breast cancer treatment.

Despite great advances in lipid-lowering therapy, the gender-based disparities in lipid goal success among Chinese coronary heart disease (CHD) patients receiving lipid-lowering treatment remained uncharacterized. Furthermore, little is known about potential causes for this gender imbalance. This cross-sectional trial included 25 697 patients treated with lipid-lowering agents from 122 centres between April 2012 and October 2012; data for 9420 participants with CHD were analysed in the present study; all underwent clinical examination and had their latest fasting lipid profiles while on lipid-lowering therapy recorded. Logistic regression was used to explore possible factors associated with gender disparity in goal attainment rates, and to what extent each factor contributes. Of 9420 CHD patients (42.5% women) evaluated, women had a significantly lower overall low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) success rate than men (46.2 vs. 62.7%, P < 0.0001). Among CHD patients with diabetes, only 31.5% of women and 46.4% of men ( P < 0.0001) attained the optional LDL-C target of

Aims: (a) Establish the minimum number of weeks of chronic ethanol ingestion needed to perturb zinc homeostasis, (b) Examine intracellular zinc status in the alveolar macrophages (AMs) when ethanol ingestion is combined with pregnancy, (c) Investigate whether in vitro zinc treatment reverses the effects of ethanol ingestion on the AM. Methods: C57BL/6 female mice were fed a liquid diet (±25% ethanol-derived calories) during preconception and pregnancy. The control group was pair-fed to the ethanol group. In the isolated AMs, we measured intracellular AM zinc levels, zinc transporter expression, alternative activation and phagocytic index. Zinc acetate was added to some cells prior to analysis. Results: Intracellular zinc levels in the AM decreased within 3 weeks of ethanol ingestion. After ethanol ingestion prior to and during pregnancy, zinc transporter expression and intracellular zinc levels were decreased in the AMs when compared with controls. Bacterial clearance was decreased because the AMs were alternatively activated. In vitro additions of zinc reversed these effects of ethanol. Conclusion: Ethanol ingestion prior to and during pregnancy perturbed AM zinc balance resulting in impaired bacterial clearance, but these effects were ameliorated by in vitro zinc treatments.

Background In 2014–2015, 242 individuals aged 2–89 years were newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Roka, a rural commune in Cambodia. A case-control study attributed the outbreak to unsafe injections. We aimed to reconstruct the likely transmission history of the outbreak. Methods We assessed in 209 (86.4%) HIV-infected cases the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). We identified recent infections using antibody (Ab) avidity testing for HIV and HCV. We performed amplification, sequencing, and evolutionary phylogenetic analyses of viral strains. Geographical coordinates and parenteral exposure through medical services provided by an unlicensed healthcare practitioner were obtained from 193 cases and 1499 controls during interviews. Results Cases were coinfected with HCV (78.5%) and HBV (12.9%). We identified 79 (37.8%) recent ( Conclusions Unsafe injections in Cambodia most likely led to an explosive iatrogenic spreading of HIV, associated with a long-standing and more genetically diverse HCV propagation.

A novel approach was used to synthesize CdS/bentonite nanocomposite powders by the one-step thermal decomposition of complex ion [Cd(NH 2 CSNH 2 ) 2 ] 2 + in the interlayer space of bentonite. XRD results demonstrated that the intercalation of CdS into the interlayer space of bentonite led to the expansion of layer spacing. The weight losses of the nanocomposite were via dehydration, decomposition of complex ion [Cd(NH 2 CSNH 2 ) 2 ] 2 + and dehydroxylation in the interlayer space of bentonite. Diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectra indicated that the absorption edge of the nanocomposites was blue-shifted as compared with bulk CdS due to the quantum size effect of CdS nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of hydrogen production for the nanocomposites was attributed to the synergistic effect between CdS and bentonite. A possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed.

As the basic status and function in marine food chains,phytoplankton plays an important role in dynamics of material and energy fluxes.Dongtou Island(121°10′E,27°50′N),located at the southeast coast of Zhejiang Province,is the confluence of the Wenzhou Bay and Yueqing Bay mouths.The development of water eutrophication and frequent occurrence of harmful algae blooms(HABs) events at some sea area of Dongtou Island have been observed in recent years.However,report about the relationships between the environmental factors and the phytoplankton community at sea area of Dongtou Island is rare.To understand the response of phytoplankton to environmental changes,an annual investigation was carried out at the northeast sea area of Dongtou Island. Seven net-phytoplankton samples were collected from the studied area once a month during August 2010 to July 2011 for understanding the monthly variation of phytoplankton and the relationship between the community structures and the environmental factors.A total of 5 phyla and 187 species were identified,including 143 diatom species,40 dinoflagellate species and other 4 taxonomic(Chrysophyta,Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta) species.Twenty dominant species consisted of 16 diatom species,3 dinoflagellate species and 1 Cyanophyta were observed all year round.The monthly phytoplankton community parameters(abundance,species number,Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou evenness) varied greatly.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) indicated that the DSi,DIN,N ∶P,DIP,Si ∶P,salinity and temperature were the main factors influencing the phytoplankton community.Compared to diatoms,dinoflagellate had a stronger response to the P concentration.The growth of dinoflagellate species was enhanced when the P concentration increased.The phytoplankton composition was also profoundly controlled by the Taiwan Warm Current(TWC),Fujian-Zhejiang Coastal Current(FZCC),and runoff from Oujiang River(OR).From July to September,warm-water species such as Cerataulina pelagic,Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus and C.distans increased significantly as the TWC intruded(with the salinity of 29.8—30.1).In other months,the phytoplankton composition was mainly influenced by the FZCC and OR runoff.Consequently,all the coastal(with the salinity of 26.8—28.6),brackish and freshwater phytoplankton species such as Prorocentrum triestinum,Ditylum brightwellii,Pediastrum duplex var.echinatum and Synedra sp.increased clearly.Since 1980′s,the environmental conditions at the studied area had changed obviously: concentrations of NO-3-N dramaticly increased from 12.89 μmol/L in 1981—1982 to 52.63 μmol/L in 2010—2011;and N ∶P ratio also increased from 19.1 ∶1 in 1981—1982 to 51.8 ∶1 in 2010—2011.The structure of phytoplankton community has also experienced obvious variation since 1980.The cells abundance increased from 5.8×105 cells/m3 in 1981—1982 to 39.2×106 cells/m3 in 2010—2011,and dominant species(Coscinodiscus spp.was replaced by Skeletonema spp.) of phytoplankton were also changed a lot.

Background Alterations in inflammatory mediators are an important finding in neonates who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); however, there is a lack of research examining the relationship between multiple inflammatory mediators in premature neonates and the development of BPD. Objective This study investigated whether the distribution of 12 inflammatory mediators detected in the tracheal aspirate (TA) of neonates within 24 hours of birth could differentiate between neonates who did and did not develop BPD. Study Design TA samples were collected from 27 very low birth weight neonates (BPD+ =11) and the concentrations of 12 biomarkers associated with BPD were determined. Linear discriminate analysis (LDA) was used to classify neonates into two outcome groups. Result LDA based on the 12 measured biomarkers displayed a significant level of discriminant function (p=0.007). Conclusion Using linear discriminant analysis, predictive models of BPD can be generated. Our results suggest that multiple inflammatory mediators collected within 24 hours of birth may be used to classify neonates into who will and will not develop BPD.

Bauxite residue neutralization is intended to open opportunities for revegetation and reuse of the residue. Ferrous sulfate (FS) and nitrohumic acid (NA) were two kinds of materials studied for pH reduction of the residue from 10.6 to 8.3 and 8.1, respectively. The effects of FS and NA on the leaching of metals from a combined bauxite residue were investigated by using sequential and multiple extraction procedures. Neutralization with FS and NA restricted the leaching of Al, V, and Pb from the residue but promoted the leaching of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Ni, consistent with the changes in the potentially mobile fractions. With the exceptions of Pb and Ni, leaching of metals increased during a 10-day extraction period. However, the maximum leaching of Al, V, Pb, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Ni from neutralized bauxite residue were 0.46 mg/L, 59.3, 12.9, 167, 95.3, 15.5, and 14.5 μg/L, respectively, which were under the corresponding limits in the National Standard (GB/T 14848-93). Although it is necessary to consider the continued leaching of metals during neutralization, both maximum and accumulation leaching concentrations of metals from a combined bauxite residue were too low to pose a potential environmental risk.

Myeloid leukemia factor 1-interacting protein (MLF1IP) has been found to be involved in the progression of several malignancies. The potential correlation between MLF1IP and clinical outcome in patients with luminal breast cancer, however, remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that MLF1IP was significantly upregulated in luminal breast cancer tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue both in validated cohort and TCGA cohort. Upregulated expression of MLF1IP was correlated with more often lymph node metastasis and negative progesterone receptor expression in TCGA cohorts. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high MLF1IP expression had significantly lower overall survival. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that high MLF1IP expression was independent high risk factor as well as old age (60) and distant metastasis. This study provides new insights and evidences that MLF1IP over-expression plays important roles in progression of luminal breast cancer. However, the precise cellular mechanisms for MLF1IP in luminal breast cancer need to be further explored.

The self-start ability is the precondition for storage-based wind farm to be the black-start power source in local power grid. To avoid the strike to battery energy storage system which caused by energization of transformers, the no-load transformer energization control strategy during self-start process of storage-based wind farm is researched in this paper. The optimal starting control strategy for BESS is proposed by analyzing generation mechanism of magnetizing inrush current. Then equivalent model is established according to actual wind farm, simulation of proposed three different energization strategies has been made. Finally by comparison of simulation results, the energization control strategy applied for storage-based wind farm self-start is proposed.

Background Maternal smoking in utero has been associated with adverse health outcomes including lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children, but the mechanisms underlying these associations continue to be investigated. We hypothesized that nicotine plays a significant role in mediating the effects of maternal tobacco smoke on the function of the neonatal alveolar macrophage (AM), the resident immune cell in the neonatal lung. Methods Primary AMs were isolated at postnatal day 7 from a murine model of in utero nicotine exposure. The murine AM cell line MH-S was used for additional in vitro studies. Results In utero nicotine increased interleukin-13 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) in the neonatal lung. Nicotine-exposed AMs demonstrated increased TGFβ1 and increased markers of alternative activation with diminished phagocytic function. However, AMs from mice deficient in the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) had less TGFβ1, reduced alternative activation, and improved phagocytic functioning despite similar in utero nicotine exposure. Conclusion In utero nicotine exposure, mediated in part via the α7 nAChR, may increase the risk of lower respiratory tract infections in neonates by changing the resting state of AM toward alternative activation. These findings have important implications for immune responses in the nicotine-exposed neonatal lung.