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Isolated patellar tendon injuries in the pediatric population are considered rare and lack a well-accepted classification system. This injury pattern in pediatrics occurs more commonly in males around 14 years of age, typically presents with apophyseal involvement, and is frequently associated with athletic activity. The patient, in this case, was a 12-year-old male who sustained an isolated distal patellar tendon injury while running. This case is unique due to lack of apophyseal involvement commonly seen in the pediatric population. On exam, a classic high-riding patella was not seen on initial X-ray, and he was able to actively extend his knee, two clinical clues associated with the diagnostic triad of patellar tendon injury. Magnetic resonance imaging was utilized to confirm the injury pattern which prompted urgent surgical intervention to allow for initiation of rehabilitation with a goal of returning to athletic activities. The patient was able to progress to full weight-bearing at 1.5 months, achieved full range of motion at 3 months, demonstrated symmetric strength with uninvolved lower extremity at 4.5 months, and had progressed back into sporting activities by 5.75 months postoperatively. The low frequency of this injury in the pediatric population requires urgent recognition and diagnosis to allow for prompt surgical intervention followed by rehabilitation for efficient return to play.

Applying a behavior change framework to guide the design of interventions to improve respectful maternity care (RMC) could accelerate and unify the implementation and evaluation of diverse RMC interventions.

The shift of public debate to the digital sphere has been accompanied by a rise in online hate speech. While many promising approaches for hate speech classification have been proposed, studies often focus only on a single language, usually English, and do not address three key concerns: post-deployment performance, classifier maintenance and infrastructural limitations. In this paper, we introduce a new human-in-the-loop BERT-based hate speech classification pipeline and trace its development from initial data collection and annotation all the way to post-deployment. Our classifier, trained using data from our original corpus of over 422k examples, is specifically developed for the inherently multilingual setting of Switzerland and outperforms with its F1 score of 80.5 the currently best-performing BERT-based multilingual classifier by 5.8 F1 points in German and 3.6 F1 points in French. Our systematic evaluations over a 12-month period further highlight the vital importance of continuous, human-in-the-loop classifier maintenance to ensure robust hate speech classification post-deployment., Findings of EMNLP 2022

We study celestial amplitudes in string theory at one-loop. Celestial amplitudes describe scattering processes of boost eigenstates and relate to amplitudes in the more standard basis of momentum eigenstates through a Mellin transform. They are thus sensitive to both the ultraviolet and the infrared, which raises the question of how to appropriately take the field theory limit of string amplitudes in the celestial basis. We address this problem in the context of four-dimensional genus-one scattering processes of gluons in open string theory which reach the two-dimensional celestial sphere at null infinity. We show that the Mellin transform commutes with the adequate limit in the worldsheet moduli space and reproduces the celestial one-loop field theory amplitude expressed in the worldline formalism. The dependence on $\alpha'$ continues to be a simple overall factor in one-loop celestial amplitudes albeit with a power that is shifted by three units with respect to tree-level, thus making manifest that the dimensionless parameter $g_{10}^2/\alpha'^3$ organizes the loop expansion in the celestial basis., Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure

IntroductionAutomatic whole brain and lesion segmentation at 7T presents challenges, primarily from bias fields and susceptibility artifacts. Recent advances in segmentation methods, namely using atlas-free and multi-contrast (for example, using T1-weighted, T2-weighted, fluid attenuated inversion recovery or FLAIR images) can enhance segmentation performance, however perfect registration at high fields remain a challenge primarily from distortion effects. We sought to use deep-learning algorithms (D/L) to do both skull stripping and whole brain segmentation on multiple imaging contrasts generated in a single Magnetization Prepared 2 Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echoes (MP2RAGE) acquisition on participants clinically diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The segmentation results were compared to that from 3T images acquired on the same participants, and with commonly available software packages. Finally, we explored ways to boost the performance of the D/L by using pseudo-labels generated from trainings on the 3T data (transfer learning).Methods3T and 7T MRI acquired within 9 months of each other, from 25 study participants clinically diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (mean age 51, SD 16 years, 18 women), were retrospectively analyzed with commonly used software packages (such as FreeSurfer), Classification using Derivative-based Features (C-DEF), nnU-net (“no-new-Net” version of U-Net algorithm), and a novel 3T-to-7T transfer learning method, Pseudo-Label Assisted nnU-Net (PLAn). These segmentation results were then rated visually by trained experts and quantitatively in comparison with 3T label masks.ResultsOf the previously published methods considered, nnU-Net produced the best skull stripping at 7T in both the qualitative and quantitative ratings followed by C-DEF 7T and FreeSurfer 7T. A similar trend was observed for tissue segmentation, as nnU-Net was again the best method at 7T for all tissue classes. Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) from lesions segmented with nnU-Net were 1.5 times higher than from FreeSurfer at 7T. Relative to analysis with C-DEF segmentation on 3T scans, nnU-Net 7T had lower lesion volumes, with a correlation slope of just 0.68. PLAn 7T produced equivalent results to nnU-Net 7T in terms of skull stripping and most tissue classes, but it boosted lesion sensitivity by 15% relative to 3T, increasing the correlation slope to 0.90. This resulted in significantly better lesion segmentations as measured by expert rating (4% increase) and Dice coefficient (6% increase).ConclusionDeep learning methods can produce fast and reliable whole brain segmentations, including skull stripping and lesion detection, using data from a single 7T MRI sequence. While nnU-Net segmentations at 7T are superior to the other methods considered, the limited availability of labeled 7T data makes transfer learning an attractive option. In this case, pre-training a nnU-Net model using readily obtained 3T pseudo-labels was shown to boost lesion detection capabilities at 7T. This approach, which we call PLAn, is robust and readily adaptable due to its use of a single commonly gathered MRI sequence.

Studies of past mobility in West Africa and beyond have traditionally seen sedentism and mobility as binary opposites, with sedentism as the stable option and mobility as an exception that needs to be explained. Additionally, archaeologists have tended to gravitate toward deeply stratified sites, while flat sites were often neglected, presumed to be ephemeral and of little interest. Since the beginning of the 21st century, however, archaeologists across West Africa have been increasingly documenting a phenomenon that deeply challenges those assumptions: that of populations that are sedentary but whose settlements regularly “shift” or move short distances but keep the name, institutions, and networks of the community intact. Known as “shifting sedentism,” this pattern opens new theoretical and methodological possibilities as it demonstrates that lack of stratification does not necessary entail ephemeral occupations, nor insecurity or lack of social complexity. In fact, over the past few decades, shifting sedentism patterns have been documented archaeologically, historically, and ethnographically in a wide range of societies, from stateless groups to hierarchical empires, from cattle-herders to agriculturalists, and in the most diverse sociopolitical, cultural, and economic settings. Thanks to all these studies, it is now clear that shifting sedentism has been present in societies across West Africa, from Senegal to Cameroon, for centuries, but its importance is only now beginning to be understood.

How does residing in the proximity of surveillance infrastructure – i.e., checkpoints, the separation barrier, and military installations – affect support for cooperative and confrontational forms of collective action? Cooperative actions involve engagement with outgroups to advance the ingroup cause (e.g., negotiations, joint and peaceful actions), whereas confrontational actions involve unilateral tactics to weaken the outgroup (e.g., boycott, armed resistance). Combining geo-coded data on surveillance infrastructure across the entire West Bank and Jerusalem with a representative survey of the adult population from 49 communities (N=1000), multilevel analyses show that surveillance does not affect support for confrontational actions, but instead decreases support for cooperative actions. Our analysis identifies a new, community-level mechanism whereby surveillance undermines cooperative actions: through limiting the shareability of (alternative) conflict narratives that challenge dominant ‘us vs. them’ perspectives. These effects are empirically robust to various individual- and community-level controls, and to potential issues of reverse causality and residential self-selection. These findings document how, in effect, cooperative voices and the fabric of social communities become the first casualties of surveillance. They also speak to the importance of considering contextual factors and thus have broader implications for the socio-psychological study of collective action.

Testing the efficacy of different counter speech strategies in combating online hate speech in the Swiss, German-speaking context

This is the repository of "What do Twitter Comments Tell About News Article Bias? Assessing the Impact of News Article Bias on its Perception on Twitter" News stories circulating online, especially on social media platforms, are nowadays a primary source of information. Given the nature of social media, news no longer are just news, but they are embedded in the conversations of users interacting with them. This is particularly relevant for inaccurate information or even outright misinformation because user interaction has crucial impact on whether information gets uncritically disseminated or not. Biased coverage has been shown to affect personal decision-making, but it remains an open question whether users are aware of the biased reporting they encounter and how they react to it. The latter is particularly relevant given that user reactions help contextualize reporting for other users and can thus help mitigate but may also exacerbate the impact of biased media coverage. This paper approaches the question from a measurement point of view, examining whether Twitter comments on articles can serve as bias indicators, i.e., whether user comments are indicative of the actual level of bias in a given article. We first give an overview of research on media bias, and then discuss key concepts related to how individuals engage with online content, focusing on the sentiment (or valance) of comments and outright hate speech. We then present the first dataset connecting reliable human-made media bias classifications of news articles with the reactions these articles had upon publication on Twitter. We call our dataset BAT - Bias And Twitter. BAT covers 2,800 (bias-rated) news articles from 255 different English-speaking news outlets. Additionally, BAT includes 175,807 comments and retweets referring to the articles. Based on BAT, we conduct a multi-feature analysis to identify comment characteristics and analyze whether the Twitter reactions correlate with an article's bias. First, we fine-tune and apply two XLNet-based classifiers for hate speech detection and for sentiment analysis. Second, we relate the results of the classifiers to the article bias annotations within a multi-level regression. The results show that the comments made on an article are indeed an indicator for its bias, and vice-versa. With a regression coefficient of 0.703 (p < 0.01), we present evidence that Twitter reactions to biased articles are significantly more hateful. Even more, our analysis shows that the news outlet's individual stance reinforces the hate-bias relationship. In future work, we will extend the dataset and analysis, including additional concepts related to media bias. &nbsp

Media outlets strategically frame news about violent events using sensationalist labels such as “terrorist” or “Islamist” but also more subtle wording choices that affect the overall article tone. We argue theoretically and show empirically using a conjoint experiment that, contrary to existing studies, the effect of these two framing devices on readers’ perceptions of terrorist events should be carefully separated. Even though article tone transports no factual information, in our experiment negative and sensational wording choices carried a greater impact on threat perceptions than the explicit “terrorist” and “Islamist” labels. In a realistic news article setting, which varied other salient context cues such as proximity or event size, subtle shifts in article tone still subconsciously influenced threat perceptions. This highlights the potential dangers of media coverage fueling otherwise unjustified fears by injecting unnecessary editorial tone.

We demonstrate that the one-loop exact subleading soft graviton theorem automatically follows from conservation of the BMS charges, provided that the hard and soft fluxes separately represent the extended BMS algebra at null infinity. This confirms that superrotations are genuine symmetries of the gravitational $\mathcal{S}$-matrix beyond the semiclassical regime. In contrast with a previous proposal, the celestial stress-tensor accounting for the one-loop corrections follows from the gravitational phase space analysis and does not require the addition of divergent counterterms. In addition, we show that the symplectic form on the radiative phase space factorises into hard and soft sectors, and that the resulting canonical generators precisely coincide with the correct BMS fluxes., Comment: 20 pages + appendices; v2: added comments; v3: added funding acknowledgment

We will test the efficacy of different counterspeech strategies in combatting xenophobic hate speech online using an experimental design. We will use Twitter accounts to respond to tweets that include hate speech. Then, we will monitor and analyse the subsequent tweets of the people in our study sample to see if the behavior of the people in the treatment groups is different from those in the control group.

Preprints of papers on COVID-19 submitted by Albert Donnay in 2020

Sulfur is essential in plants because of its presence in numerous molecules including the two amino acids, cysteine, and methionine. Cysteine serves also for the synthesis of glutathione and provides sulfur to many other molecules including protein cofactors or vitamins. Plants absorb sulfate from their environment and assimilate it via a reductive pathway which involves, respectively, a series of transporters and enzymes belonging to multigenic families. A tight control is needed to adjust each enzymatic step to the cellular requirements because the whole pathway consumes energy and produces toxic/reactive compounds, notably sulfite and sulfide. Glutathione is known to regulate the activity of some intermediate enzymes. In particular, it provides electrons to adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductases but also regulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase by reducing a regulatory disulfide. Recent proteomic data suggest a more extended post-translational redox control of the sulfate assimilation pathway enzymes and of some associated reactions, including the synthesis of both sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine, and of glutathione. We have summarized in this review the known oxidative modifications affecting cysteine residues of the enzymes involved. In particular, a prominent regulatory role of protein persulfidation seems apparent, perhaps because sulfide produced by this pathway may react with oxidized thiol groups. However, the effect of persulfidation has almost not yet been explored.

We aimed to study the predictive factors for recovery of parathyroid function in hypoparathyroid patients after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer.We designed a retrospective, multicentre and nation-wide analysis of patients with total thyroidectomy who were seen in twenty endocrinology departments from January to March 2018. We selected patients with histologically proven thyroid cancer and retrieved information related to surgical procedure and thyroid cancer features. Survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to study the relationship between these variables and the recovery of parathyroid function.From 685 patients with hypoparathyroidism at discharge of surgery, 495 (72.3%) recovered parathyroid function over time. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that this recovery was significantly related to the presence of specialized surgical team (P0.001), identification of parathyroid glands at surgery (P0.001), papillary histopathology (P=0.040), and higher levels of postoperative calcium (Ca) (P0.001) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (P0.001). Subjects with gross extrathyroidal extension (P=0.040), lymph node metastases (P=0.004), and surgical re-intervention after initial surgery (P=0.024) exhibited a significant risk of persistence of hypoparathyroidism. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the significant and independent factors for recovery of parathyroid function were postoperative concentrations of Ca (P=0.038) and PTH (P=0.049). The presence of lymph node metastases was a negative predictor of recuperation of parathyroid function (P=0.042) in this analysis.In patients with thyroid cancer, recovery of parathyroid function after total thyroidectomy was directly related to postoperative Ca and PTH concentrations, and inversely related to lymph node metastases.

The exploration of large-scale conflicts, as well as their causes and effects, is an important aspect of socio-political analysis. Since event data related to major conflicts are usually obtained from different sources, researchers developed a semi-automatic matching algorithm to integrate event data of different origins into one comprehensive dataset using hierarchical taxonomies. The validity of the corresponding integration results is not easy to assess since the results depend on user-defined input parameters and the relationships between the original data sources. However, only rudimentary visualization techniques have been used so far to analyze the results, allowing no trustworthy validation or exploration of how the final dataset is composed. To overcome this problem, we developed VEHICLE, a web-based tool to validate and explore the results of the hierarchical integration. For the design, we collaborated with a domain expert to identify the underlying domain problems and derive a task and workflow description. The tool combines both traditional and novel visual analysis techniques, employing statistical and map-based depictions as well as advanced interaction techniques. We showed the usefulness of VEHICLE in two case studies and by conducting an evaluation together with conflict researchers, confirming domain hypotheses and generating new insights.

Resilience, the ability to overcome stressful conditions, is found in most mammals and varies significantly among individuals. A lack of resilience can lead to the development of neuropsychiatric and sleep disorders, often within the same individual. Despite extensive research into the brain mechanisms causing maladaptive behavioral-responses to stress, it is not clear why some individuals exhibit resilience. To examine if sleep has a determinative role in maladaptive behavioral-response to social stress, we investigated individual variations in resilience using a social-defeat model for male mice. Our results reveal a direct, causal relationship between sleep amount and resilience-demonstrating that sleep increases after social-defeat stress only occur in resilient mice. Further, we found that within the prefrontal cortex, a regulator of maladaptive responses to stress, pre-existing differences in sleep regulation predict resilience. Overall, these results demonstrate that increased NREM sleep, mediated cortically, is an active response to social-defeat stress that plays a determinative role in promoting resilience. They also show that differences in resilience are strongly correlated with inter-individual variability in sleep regulation.To many of us, it may seem obvious that sleep is restorative: we feel better after a good night’s rest. However, exactly how sleep benefits the brain and body remains poorly understood. One clue may lie in neuropsychiatric disorders: these conditions – such as depression and anxiety – are often accompanied by disrupted sleep. Additionally, these neuropsychiatric disorders are frequently caused or worsened by stress, which can also interfere with sleep. This close association between stress and sleep has led some to hypothesize that sleep serves to overcome the adverse effects of stress on the brain, but this hypothesis remains largely untested. One type of stress that is common to all mammals is social stress, defined as stress caused by social interactions. This means that mice and other rodents can be subjected to social stress in the laboratory to test hypotheses about the effects of stress on the brain. Importantly, in both animals and humans, there are individual differences in resilience, or the ability to overcome the adverse effects of stress. Based on this information, Bush et al. set out to establish whether sleep can regulate resilience to social stress in mice. When the mice were gently kept awake during their normal sleep time, resilience decreased and so the mice were less able to overcome the negative effects of stress. Conversely, increasing sleep, by activating an area of the brain responsible for initiating sleep, increased the mice’s resilience to social stress. Thus, Bush et al. showed that changes in sleep do lead to changes in resilience. To find out whether resilience can be predicted by changes in sleeping patterns, Bush et al. studied how both resilient mice and those susceptible to stress slept before and after social stress. Resilient mice would often sleep more after social stress; meanwhile, few changes were observed in susceptible mice. Surprisingly, sleep quality also predicted resilience, with resilient mice sleeping better than susceptible mice even before exposure to social stress. To determine whether the differences in sleep that predict resilience can be detected as brain activity, Bush et al. placed electrodes in two regions of the prefrontal cortex – a part of the brain important for decision-making and social behaviors – to measure how mice recovered lost sleep. This experiment revealed that the changes in sleep that predict resilience are prominent in the prefrontal cortex. Overall, Bush et al. reveal that sleeping more and sleeping better promote resilience to social stress. Furthermore, the results suggests that lack of sleep may lead to increased risk of stress-related psychiatric conditions. Humans are one of the few species that choose to deprive themselves of sleep: Bush, et al. provide evidence that this choice may have significant consequences on mental health. Furthermore, this work creates a new model that lays the groundwork for future studies investigating how sleep can overcome stress on the brain.

En este artículo considero algunas de las cuestiones que emergen del uso de fuentes múltiples y diversas a la hora de estudiar el pasado mediante una metáfora musical. Exploro tres posibles relaciones entre fuentes con grados crecientes de dificultad conceptual (unísono, consonancia y disonancia) y argumento que las disonancias no deben de ser ignoradas o dejadas de lado. Al contrario, poner el foco en los elementos disonantes puede a menudo revelar fallos en nuestras herramientas conceptuales y destacar procesos multidimensionales y tensiones históricas que llevan a comprensiones más ricas, complejas, y precisas del pasado, así como a una mejor apreciación de su uso en el presente. Finalmente, argumento que es importante ser conscientes de nuestros privilegios como ‘escritores de historia’ con capacidad para elegir a qué voces se les da prioridad en este proceso y cuales tienen un lugar secundario, y sugerido una serie de medidas para mitigar este desequilibrio.

We construct a basis of conformal primary wavefunctions (CPWs) for $p$-form fields in any dimension, calculating their scalar products and exhibiting the change of basis between conventional plane wave and CPW mode expansions. We also perform the analysis of the associated shadow transforms. For each family of $p$-form CPWs, we observe the existence of pure gauge wavefunctions of conformal dimension $\Delta=p$, while shadow $p$-forms of this weight are only pure gauge in the critical spacetime dimension value $D=2p+2$. We then provide a systematic technique to obtain the large-$r$ asymptotic limit near $\mathscr I$ based on the method of regions, which naturally takes into account the presence of both ordinary and contact terms on the celestial sphere. In $D=4$, this allows us to reformulate in a conformal primary language the links between scalars and dual two-forms., Comment: 56 pages + references

Resumen Introduccion El nodulo tiroideo (NT) es un motivo de consulta frecuente en la practica diaria. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el proceso diagnostico y terapeutico del NT en nuestro medio y evaluar el estado actual sobre la existencia y estructura de las consultas de alta resolucion de NT. Material y metodos Los miembros de la Sociedad Espanola de Endocrinologia y Nutricion fueron invitados en el ano 2018 a participar en una encuesta online sobre los procesos diagnosticos y terapeuticos del NT. Resultados Se recibieron 211 encuestas validas. El 30,8% de los encuestados indicaron que existia consulta de alta resolucion de NT en su medio, siendo el endocrinologo el responsable mayoritario de realizar la ecografia (87,7%) y la puncion-aspiracion con aguja fina (PAAF) (69,2%). Respecto a la clasificacion ecografica, el 32,7% utilizaban criterios ATA y el 32,2% criterios TI-RADS (el 22,7% no utilizaba ninguna clasificacion). El 35,5% comprobaban in situ la idoneidad de la muestra y el analisis molecular en el 8,1%. El 65,4% plantearian alta del NT tras 5 anos de seguimiento y PAAF benigna. Ante un Bethesda III, el 50,2% de los encuestados repetirian la PAAF y un 35,5% optarian por cirugia; ante un Bethesda IV, el 95,8% optarian por cirugia. Conclusiones La consulta de alta resolucion de NT es una estructura con una creciente introduccion en nuestro medio, siendo el endocrinologo el responsable fundamental de realizar la ecografia y la PAAF. La practica clinica habitual en nuestro medio es concordante con la mayoria de las recomendaciones de las guias de practica clinica de NT.

This study aimed to test the overall fit structure and reliability of scores from the Afrikaans version of the Children’s Hope Scale. The validation sample comprised of 899 adolescent learners sele...

Objectives Systemic inflammatory response and survival has not been evaluated as a predictive factor of chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of a baseline Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Methods Retrospective study of 164 metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. Associations between overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), chemotherapy and SIRI were analyzed. SIRI is defined by neutrophil x monocyte/lymphocyte 109/L. Results Median age 66 years. 22 (13%) received mFOLFIRINOX, 59 (36%) gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel, 40 (24%) gemcitabine, 13 (8%) other regimens and 30 (18%) had not received treatment. Patients with SIRI Conclusion An elevated SIRI (≥2.3 × 109/L) was an independent prognostic factor for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, warranting prospective evaluation.

The study aimed to ascertain the relation between children’s participation in daily activities, engaging with family and friends and their subjective well-being (SWB); and to ascertain the extent to which the nature of the relation differs across three age groups (8, 10 and 12), gender, and geographical context (urban and rural). The study used data from Wave 2 of the South African Children’s Worlds Study conducted with a random sample of 3284 children between the ages of 8 to 12-years. Three scales measuring children’s daily activities, engagement with family and friends, and their SWB using the Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale were used. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling; with group comparisons assessed by means of multi-group structural equation modelling. The study found a significant relation between children’s engagement with family and friends and participation in daily activities and their SWB; with the combined influence of engagement with family and friends and participation in daily activities explaining 31% of the variance in SWB. Engagement with family and friends contributed a higher explained variance in SWB than participation in daily activities. Multi-group analysis revealed the tenability of metric invariance across age and gender, which allowed for meaningful comparisons by correlation and regression coefficients. Across geographical contexts scalar invariance was tenable allowing for meaningful comparisons across correlations, regression coefficients, and latent means. While the findings of the study suggest that children’s time use is an important factor influencing their SWB, researchers, practitioners and policy makers should consider the diversity of ‘childhoods’ in South Africa, especially as it relates to the historical ‘situatedness’ of the macro-factors of poverty, deprivation, and social inequality, and how this impacts children’s access to and the nature of their daily activities.

Despite heightened awareness of the detrimental impact of hate speech on social media platforms on affected communities and public discourse, there is little consensus on approaches to mitigate it. While content moderation—either by governments or social media companies—can curb online hostility, such policies may suppress valuable as well as illicit speech and might disperse rather than reduce hate speech. As an alternative strategy, an increasing number of international and nongovernmental organizations (I/NGOs) are employing counterspeech to confront and reduce online hate speech. Despite their growing popularity, there is scant experimental evidence on the effectiveness and design of counterspeech strategies (in the public domain). Modeling our interventions on current I/NGO practice, we randomly assign English-speaking Twitter users who have sent messages containing xenophobic (or racist) hate speech to one of three counterspeech strategies—empathy, warning of consequences, and humor—or a control group. Our intention-to-treat analysis of 1,350 Twitter users shows that empathy-based counterspeech messages can increase the retrospective deletion of xenophobic hate speech by 0.2 SD and reduce the prospective creation of xenophobic hate speech over a 4-wk follow-up period by 0.1 SD. We find, however, no consistent effects for strategies using humor or warning of consequences. Together, these results advance our understanding of the central role of empathy in reducing exclusionary behavior and inform the design of future counterspeech interventions., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118 (50), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490

Starting from gravity in asymptotically flat spacetime, the BMS momentum fluxes are constructed. These are non-local expressions of the solution space living on the celestial Riemann surface. They transform in the coadjoint representation of the extended BMS group and correspond to Virasoro primaries under the action of bulk superrotations. The relation between the BMS momentum fluxes and celestial CFT operators is then established: the supermomentum flux is related to the supertranslation operator and the super angular momentum flux is linked to the stress-energy tensor of the celestial CFT. The transformation under the action of asymptotic symmetries and the OPEs of the celestial CFT currents are deduced from the BMS flux algebra., Comment: 30 pages, v2: added references

arge amounts of annotated data have become moreimportant than ever, especially since the rise of deep learningtechniques. However, manual annotations are costly. We proposea tool that enables researchers to create large, high-quality,annotated datasets with only a few manual annotations, thusstrongly reducing annotation cost and effort. For this purpose,we combine an active learning (AL) approach with a pre-trained language model to semi-automatically identify annotationcategories in the given text documents. To highlight our researchdirection’s potential, we evaluate the approach on the task ofidentifying frames in news articles. Our preliminary results showthat employing AL strongly reduces the number of annotationsfor correct classification of even these complex and subtle frames.On the framing dataset, the AL approach needs only 16.3% of theannotations to reach the same performance as a model trainedon the full dataset.

Trabajo presentado en el ESMRMB 38th Annual Scientific Meeting, celebrado en modalidad virtual del 07 al 09 de octubre de 2021., [Introduction]: Obesity is a severe disease, characterized by accumulation of fat in tissues, that induces important alterations in liver, pancreas or brain. It has grown to epidemic proportions, with over 4 million people dying every year as a result of being obese. Besides, obesity is associated with other diseases like diabetes or cancer (1). The influence of overweight in brain tumors, however, is still unclear. On these grounds, an orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model was developed in animals fed with standard diet (SD) and mice submitted to ten weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding prior to intracranial glioma cells injection (2). [Methods]: Two cohorts (n=12) of C57BL6/J male adult mice with HFD (60% fat) and SD feeding were used. Animals were submitted to GL261 glioma cells intracranial injection 10 weeks after diet diversification. They were constantly supervised, and MRI studies were performed 21-24 days post- intracranial tumor cell injection. Anatomical images, magnetization transfer (MT), diffusion tensor Images (DTI), T2, and T2* parametric maps were acquired in a 7T Bruker Biospec horizontal equipment. Parametric maps were generated using an in-house program developed with MatLab which adjusted the MRI signal to the corresponding mathematical equation. Four regions of interest were manually selected, using ImageJ: i) tumor core, ii) tumor periphery, iii) peritumoral region and iv) contralateral healthy brain. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA tests with area and diet as factors and post-hoc multiple comparisons with Bonferroni corrections. [Results]: Animals submitted to HFD presented an augmented weight the day of intracranial injection, then, weight tended to decrease till endpoint in both mice cohorts. Obese mice exhibited significantly higher axial diffusivity (Dax) and fractional anisotropy (FA) (p

International audience; The Eastern Corsican Coast (ECC) is distinguished by its shallow sandy shelf, extensive Posidonia seagrass meadows, and the relatively limited exploitation of fish in this region. To understand ECC trophic functioning and the effects of fishing in this region of the Mediterranean Sea, we applied the Ecopath and EcoTroph approaches. Our model encompassed 5 groups of primary producers and detritus, 14 invertebrate groups, two groups of Chondrichthyes, 16 teleost groups, one seabird group, and one group of cetaceans. The ECC ecosystem was structured into five trophic levels, regulated top–down by Sphyraenidae, Epinephelus marginatus, and Dentex dentex. The ecosystem displayed a high degree of benthic–pelagic coupling, confirmed by keystone groups/species located at intermediate trophic levels (planktivorous teleosts, benthic cephalopods, shrimps, zooplankton). The ECC demonstrated the lowest exploitation rate (F/Z) of all exploited Mediterranean ecosystems, with trawling representing 55% of catches, followed by the lobster net (27%) and fish net (18%) fisheries. Catches often included untargeted groups—often discarded dead—in particular sharks and rays, and several protected species. Moreover, Palinurus elephas, Scorpaena scrofa, and Dentex dentex had elevated F/Z values, highlighting their vulnerabilities to fishing. Although the fishing simulations suggested that the ECC could support a greater exploitation, they also revealed that these fisheries have a marked impact on upper trophic levels. Our study draws attention to the critical habitat the ECC provides for Chondrichthyes, evidenced by the significant biomass for these taxa and the low fishing pressure relative to other exploited Mediterranean systems. This first modelling of the ECC is an initial step towards modelling all Corsican marine ecosystems to serve as a guide for preserving these ecosystems through appropriate management measures.

The clinical characteristics of patients with postoperative hypoparathyroidism who recover parathyroid function more than 12 months after surgery have not been studied. We aimed to evaluate whether the intensity of replacement therapy with calcium and calcitriol is related to the late recovery of parathyroid function. We compared the demographic, surgical, pathological, and analytical features of two groups of patients: cases, i. e., late recovery patients (those who recover parathyroid function>1 year after thyroidectomy, n=40), and controls, i. e., patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism (n=260). Replacement therapy with calcium and calcitriol was evaluated at discharge of surgery, 3–6 months, 12 months, and last visit. No significant differences were found in clinical, surgical, pathological, or analytical characteristics between cases and controls. The proportion of cases who required treatment with calcium plus calcitriol at 12 months was significantly lower than that found in controls (p

Trabajo presentado en el 1st ISMRM Iberian Chapter Annual Meeting, celebrado en Portugal del 16 al 17 de junio de 2021., Obesity is a severe disease characterized by accumulation of fat that has grown to epidemic proportions, with over 4 million people dying every year. It induces important alterations in liver, pancreas or brain, and is associated with other diseases like diabetes or cancer (1). However, the influence of overweight in brain tumours is still unclear. On these grounds, an orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) mouse model was developed in mice fed with standard diet (SD), and mice submitted to high-fat diet (HFD) and investigated the influence of diet in GBM magnetic resonance characterization (2). Two cohorts (n=12) of C57BL6/J male adult mice with HFD and SD feeding were used. Animals were submitted to GL261 glioma cells intracranial injection 10 weeks after diet diversification. MRI studies were performed 21-24 days after. Anatomical images and T2, T2*, MT and DTI maps were acquired in a 7T system. Parametric maps were generated by adjusting the signal to the corresponding equation. Four regions of interest were manually selected: i)tumor core, ii) tumor periphery, iii) peritumoral region and iv) contralateral area. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA tests, with area and diet as factors, and post-hoc multiple T-test comparisons with Bonferroni corrections. Data obtained from MRI maps pointed to higher MD, FA, Dax, T2* and MTR values in obese mice, while Drad and T2 were higher for control cohort. The results are consistent with a higher inflammatory state in the brain of obese GBM animals compared to control, agreeing previous results obtained in mice without cancer (3).

The quality of fresh or thawed sperm in stallions has been generally determined by the viability and total and progressive motility of the sperm. Today, the expression of ProAKAP4, a protein present in the flagellum of spermatozoa, appears to be an innovative and relevant functional marker to assess semen quality and male fertility. This study aims to compare the concentration of ProAKAP4 in the semen from 5 stallions frozen with two different extenders immediately after thawing (T0) and 4 h post-thawing (T4). Viability, total and progressive motility were measured in parallel. Significant differences for sperm viability and total motility were observed between the two extenders, as was the concentration of ProAKAP4 both at T0 and T4. At T4, all quality parameters and ProAKAP4 content significantly decreased compared to T0, but with a considerably slower decrease in one extender than the other. These preliminary results suggest that measuring the concentration of ProAKAP4 is a promising tool for the comparison of different extenders and the selection of the optimal freezing medium for each stallion ejaculate.

Mujer de 21 años que consultó por astenia y debilidad proximal en miembros inferiores, presentando cifras de CPK elevadas en la analítica y electromiograma con signos de miopatía. En el estudio de la misma, se diagnosticó a la paciente de insuficiencia suprarrenal secundaria en relación con un síndrome de la silla turca vacía. Como hallazgo atípico, destacaba la presencia de anticuerpos anticélulas suprarrenales positivos. Tras instaurar tratamiento con hidroaltesona oral, se objetivó mejoría progresiva hasta la resolución completa del cuadro clínico, con normalización de las cifras de CPK y del estudio electromiográfico

[Purpose]: The prevalence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism has been studied in registries and in surgical series with highly variable and imprecise results. However, the frequency of this hormonal deficiency in the clinical practice of endocrinologists is not known with accuracy. We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypoparathyroidism in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy in Spain. [Methods]: We designed a retrospective, multicentre and nation-wide protocol including all patients with total thyroidectomy who were seen in the endocrinology clinic of the participant centers from January to March 2018. Prevalence of hypoparathyroidism was evaluated at discharge of surgery, 3–6 months after surgery, 12 months after surgery and at last visit. Twenty hospitals participated in the study. [Results]: Of 1792 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy, 866 (48.3%) developed postoperative hypoparathyroidism at discharge of surgery. Most of them recover parathyroid function over time. Prevalence of hypoparathyroidism at 3–6 months, 12 months and at last visit was 22.9%, 16.7% and 14.5%, respectively. The risk of developing definitive hypoparathyroidism was related to the presence of parathyroid tissue at histology, lymph node dissection, and two-stage thyroidectomy. Patients with thyroid cancer, with higher postoperative calcium levels and treated by expert surgical teams exhibited lower risk of developing permanent hypoparathyroidism. [Conclusions]: Although most patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism recover parathyroid function, the prevalence of permanent disease in clinical practice is non negligible (14.5%). Postoperative calcium, extent and timing of surgery, the presence of cancer, expert surgical team, and parathyroid tissue at histology are predictors of permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Organic production systems have generated new technology and management tools, including the use of different nutrient sources. To support to the selection of appropriate organic N fertilisers, bas...

What happens when you are asked to run a learning programme for young people on a community archaeology project, at the very last minute and with minimal resources? This paper is an overview and critical review of the programme that we and some of our students coordinated for a group of local children in the village of Villanueva de Santo Adriano, Asturias, Spain. It describes the planning and delivery of the five-day programme of activities, some of them standard fare for archaeological education and others improvised or designed for this specific site and excavation project. The paper looks at the feedback and aftermath of the project, including a shocking episode of vandalism, and reflects on the lessons and outcomes of the project.

Our study analyzes the incidence of sleep problems and their mediating role on depression and anxious preoccupation in patients with resected, non-advanced cancer. A multi-institutional, prospective, observational study was conducted with 750 participants of 14 hospitals in Spain. Participants’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected using a standardized self-report form and using EORTC QoL-QLQ-C30, BSI, Mini-MAC questionnaires. In women, sleep problems, depression and anxious preoccupation were observed in 65, 41 and 21%, respectively. In men, sleep problems, depression and anxious preoccupation were reported in 51, 29 and 61%, respectively. More sleep problems, depression and anxious preoccupation were found among women than males. Depression was a significant predictor of anxious preoccupation. In males, sleep problems partially mediated this association. This was not confirmed in women. Our findings point toward the importance of developing interventions that decrease depression and sleep problems in cancer.