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Despite being one of the most destructive invasive species of ants, only two natural enemies are known currently for Wasmannia auropunctata, commonly known as the electric ant or little fire ant. Because viruses can be effective biological control agents against many insect pests, including ants, a metagenomics/next-generation sequencing approach was used to facilitate discovery of virus sequences from the transcriptomes of W. auropunctata. Five new and complete positive sense, single-stranded RNA virus genomes, and one new negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus genome were identified, sequenced, and characterized from W. auropunctata collected in Argentina by this approach, including a dicistrovirus (Electric ant dicistrovirus), two polycipiviruses (Electric ant polycipivirus 1; Electric ant polycipivirus 2), a solinvivirus (Electric ant solinvivirus), a divergent genome with similarity to an unclassified group in the Picornavirales (Electric ant virus 1), and a rhabdovirus (Electric ant rhabdovirus). An additional virus genome was detected that is likely Solenopsis invicta virus 10 (MH727527). The virus genome sequences were absent from the transcriptomes of W. auropunctata collected in the USA (Hawaii and Florida). Additional limited field surveys corroborated the absence of these viruses in regions where the electric ant is invasive (the USA and Australia). The replicative genome strand of four of the viruses (Electric ant polycipivirus 2, Electric ant solinvivirus, Electric ant virus 1, and Solenopsis invicta virus 10 (in the electric ant) was detected in Argentinean-collected W. auropunctata indicating that the ant is a host for these viruses. These are the first virus discoveries to be made from W. auropunctata.

Prealigning nonpolar reacting molecules leads to large stereodynamical effects because of their weak steering interaction en route to the reaction barrier. However, experimental limitations in preparing aligned molecules efficiently have hindered the investigation of steric effects in bimolecular reactions involving hydrogen. Here, we report a high-resolution crossed-beam study of the reaction H + HD( v = 1, j = 2) → H 2 ( v ′, j ′) + D at collision energies of 0.50, 1.20, and 2.07 electron volts in which the vibrationally excited hydrogen deuteride (HD) molecules were prepared in two collision configurations, with their bond preferentially aligned parallel and perpendicular to the relative velocity of collision partners. Notable stereodynamical effects in differential cross sections were observed. Quantum dynamics calculations revealed that strong constructive interference in the perpendicular configuration plays an important role in the stereodynamical effects observed.

A first dynamical study based on an accurate full-dimensional neural network PES for the CH2OO + H2O reaction.

A highly accurate full-dimensional machine learning global potential energy surface for the rearrangement of methylhydroxycarbene (MHC, H3C–C–OH) was constructed, and the decay rate of MHC was evaluated with instanton rate theory based on this PES.

Acebes-Doria, Angelita L., Gayle, Stephanie M., Cha, Dong H., Rocquigny, Nathalie de, Short, Brent D. (2023): Commercial Lure Comparison for Monitoring of Cryptophlebia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Associated with Macadamia in Hawai'i. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 55: 1-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159756, {"references":["Jones, V.P. 1994b. Oviposition patterns of koa seedworm and litchi fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on macadamia and litchi in Hawaii. J. Econ. Entomol. 87: 1278-1284.","Jones, V.P. 2002. Macadamia integrated pest management: IPM of insects and mites attacking macadamia nuts in Hawaii. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI. https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/ oc/freepubs/pdf/mac_ipm.pdf","Jones, V.P., and L.C. Caprio. 1992. Damage estimates and population trends of insects attacking seven macadamia cultivars in Hawaii. J. Econ. Entomol. 85: 1884-1890.","Jones, V.P., C.H. Tome, and L.C. Caprio. 1997. Life tables for the koa seedworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) based on degreeday demography. Environ. Entomol. 26: 1291-1298.","Knight, A., R. Hilton, and D. Light. 2005. Monitoring codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple with blends of ethyl (E, Z)-2, 4-decadienoate and codlemone. Environ. Entomol. 34: 598-603.","Knight, A.L., and J. Fisher. 2006. Increased catch of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in semiochemical-baited orange plastic delta-shaped traps. Environ. Entomol. 35: 1597-1602.","Lauer, A., C. Zhang, O. Elison-Timm, Y. Wa n g, a nd K. H a m i lt on. 2013. Downscaling of climate change in the Hawaii region using CMIP5 results: On the choice of the forcing fields. J. Clim. 26: 10006-10030.","McQuate, G.T., and P.A. Follett. 2006.Use of attractants to suppress Oriental fruit fly and Cryptophlebia spp.in litchi.Proc.Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 38: 27-40.","Myers, CT., G. Krawczyk, and A.M. Agnello. 2009. Response of tortricid moths and non-target insects to pheromone trap color in commercial apple orchards. J. Entomol. Sci. 44: 69-77.","Kawate, M.K., and C.M. Tarutani (eds.). 2006. Pest management strategic plan for macadamia nut production in Hawai'i, workshop summary.Macadamia Nut PSMP May, 2006, Honolulu, Hawai'i. Western Integrated Pest Management Center. 46 pp. https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org/documents/ pmsps/HIMacadamia_Nut%202006.pdf.","Namba, R. 1957. Cryptophlebia illepida (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Eucosmidae) and other insect pests of the macadamia nut in Hawaii. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 16: 284-297.","Sinclair, E., and P. Sinclair. 1980. Trapping adult macadamia nut borer, Cryptophlebia o m b ro d e l t a (Lower) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Aust. J. Entomol. 19: 211-216.","USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2020. Pacific Region - Hawaii Macadamia Nuts Final Season Estimates. Honolulu.","van der Geest, L.P., and H.H. Evenhuis. 1991. Tortricid pests: their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier Science Publishers. 808 pp.","Walgenbach, J.F., S.C. Schoof, D. Bosch, L.-A. Escudero-Colomar, B. Lingren, and G. Krawczyk. 2021. Comparison of sex pheromone and kairomone-enhanced pheromone lures for monitoring oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in mating disruption and non-disruption tree fruit orchards. Environ. Entomol. 50: 1063-1074.","Zimmerman, E.C. 1978. Insects of Hawaii Volume 9, Microlepidoptera, Part 1. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, Hawai'i"]}

The dissociative chemisorption of N2 is the rate-limiting step for ammonia synthesis in industry. Here, we investigated the role of initially vibrational excitation and rotational excitation of N2 for its reactivity on the Fe(111) surface, based on a recently developed six-dimensional potential energy surface. Six-dimensional quantum dynamics study was carried out to investigate the effect of vibrational excitation for incidence energy below 1.6 eV, due to significant quantum effects for this reaction. The effects of vibrational and rotational excitations at high incidence energies were revealed by quasiclassical trajectory calculations. We found that raising the translational energy can enhance the dissociation probability to some extent, however, the vibrational excitation or rotational excitation can promote dissociation more efficiently than the same amount of translational energy. This study provides valuable insight into the mode-specific dynamics of this heavy diatom-surface reaction.

We performed extensive quasiclassical trajectory calculations for the H+C2D2→HD+C2D/D2+C2H reaction based on a recently developed, global and accurate potential energy surface by the fundamental-invariant neural network method. The direct abstraction pathway plays a minor role in the overall reactivity, which can be negligible as compared with the roaming pathways. The acetylene-facilitated roaming pathway dominates the reactivity, with very small contributions from the vinylidene-facilitated roaming. Although the roaming pathways proceed via the short-lived or long-lived complex forming process, the computed branching ratio of product HD to D2 is not far away from 2:1, implying roaming dynamics for this reaction is mainly contributed from the long-lived complex-forming process. The resulting angular distributions for the two product channels are also quite different. These computational results give valuable insights into the significance and isotope effects of roaming dynamics in the biomolecular reactions.

Supplementary Figure S1 - PDF file 115K, Gene expression of PNLIP, CLPS, PNLIRP1 and PNLIPRP2 in Panc1, MIApaca2 and non-tumorigenic hTERT-HPNE cell lines

Supplementary Figure S2 - PDF file 119K, Palmitate and Stearate inhibits cell growth of pancreatic cancer cell lines

Supplementary Materials and Methods - PDF file 88K, Additional description of materials and methods

Supplementary Table S11: Differentially expressed genes comparing prostate tumors from nicotine-treated TRAMP mice with tumors from untreated mice (reference).

Table S3: List of 1820 differentially expressed genes between short and long survival groups

PDF file - 376K, Inhibition rates (IR) of tumor growth (A) and response rates at IR30 (chemosensitivity) (B). The IRs and IR30 of a single bevacizumab or cetuximab regimen were significantly less than those of the other four combination regimens (P � 0.001). IR, inhibition rate; FRB, FOLFIRI + bevacizumab; FXB, FOLFOX + bevacizumab; FRC, FOLFIRI + cetuximab; FXC, FOLFOX + cetuximab.

Purpose: Methods for predicting individual responsiveness to targeted chemotherapy are urgently needed, considering the frequent resistance and extremely high cost.Experimental Design: A chemosensitive single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery schema is presented that utilizes (i) genome-wide SNP screening with a human SNP array and an in vitro chemosensitivity assay in 118 colorectal cancers, (ii) clinical association analysis in the other 98 patients who had received chemotherapy for metastatic cancer, and (iii) biological utility assessment using cell viability assays of transfected colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.Results: Nine SNPs related to bevacizumab and cetuximab regimen sensitivity were chosen during screening. Overall responses for bevacizumab regimens revealed that patients carrying the TT genotype at ANXA11 rs1049550 or at least one G allele at LINS1 rs11247226 seemed greater chemosensitive than those carrying at least one C allele or the AA genotype, respectively (P < 0.05). For cetuximab regimens, patients carrying the GG genotype at DFNB31 rs2274159 or LIFR rs3729740 seemed greater chemosensitive than those carrying at least one A allele (P = 0.025 and P = 0.07). Cytotoxicity analyses showed that all RKO and HCT116 CRC clones transfected with the G allele at LIFR rs3729740 and the C allele at ISX rs361863 were more sensitive to cetuximab regimens than those with the A and T allele, respectively (P ≤ 0.001–0.024).Conclusions: Chemosensitive SNP markers were identified using a novel three-step process. The candidate marker LIFR rs3729740 and possibly ISX rs361863 will hopefully predict responsive patients to cetuximab regimens, although further validation is needed in large cohorts. Clin Cancer Res; 17(5); 1200–9. ©2011 AACR.

Supplementary Table S2 - PDF file 64K, A list of 55 metabolites differentially expressed in two independent cohorts of PDAC cases

Supplementary Table 9: Genes differently expressed between nicotine-treated and untreated 22Rv1 cells.

Supplementary methods: Describes additional details of generation of stable NOSTRIN overexpressing cells, western blotting, measurement of Nitric Oxide production, Xcelligence real-time migration assay and Luciferase Reporter Assay; Supplementary figure legends

PDF file - 2.6MB, Genome-wide association with in vitro chemosensitivity to targeted regimens: FRB (A), FXB (B), FRC (C), and FXC (D). Association of SNPs with the inhibition ratio was tested by linear regression analysis. P-values of < 0.001 are indicated by red dots. FRB, FOLFIRI + bevacizumab; FXB, FOLFOX + bevacizumab; FRC, FOLFIRI + cetuximab; FXC, FOLFOX + cetuximab.

Supplementary Table S6: Increased expression of genes regulating synaptic signal transduction in the cancerous prostate of nicotine�treated TRAMP mice.

Table S4: List of 201 differentially expressed genes (>1.5 fold) that were significantly associated with survival. Table S5: List of 66 inflammatory genes associated with survival. Table S6: List of 35 inflammatory genes associated with survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Table S7: Univariable and Multivariable Cox-Regression Analysis

PDF file - 181K

Smokers develop metastatic prostate cancer more frequently than nonsmokers, suggesting that a tobacco-derived factor is driving metastatic progression. To identify smoking-induced alterations in human prostate cancer, we analyzed gene and protein expression patterns in tumors collected from current, past, and never smokers. By this route, we elucidated a distinct pattern of molecular alterations characterized by an immune and inflammation signature in tumors from current smokers that were either attenuated or absent in past and never smokers. Specifically, this signature included elevated immunoglobulin expression by tumor-infiltrating B cells, NF-κB activation, and increased chemokine expression. In an alternate approach to characterize smoking-induced oncogenic alterations, we also explored the effects of nicotine in human prostate cancer cells and prostate cancer–prone TRAMP mice. These investigations showed that nicotine increased glutamine consumption and invasiveness of cancer cells in vitro and accelerated metastatic progression in tumor-bearing TRAMP mice. Overall, our findings suggest that nicotine is sufficient to induce a phenotype resembling the epidemiology of smoking-associated prostate cancer progression, illuminating a novel candidate driver underlying metastatic prostate cancer in current smokers. Cancer Res; 76(5); 1055–65. ©2015 AACR.

Table S1: Clinical characteristics of long and short survival groups of PDAC patients in test cohort. Table S2: Clinical Characteristics of test and validation cohorts.

Supplementary Table S1: Clinical characteristics of the study population by smoking status. Supplementary Table S2: Immunoglobulin expression in prostate tumors by smoking status of the patients. Supplementary Table S3: Genes differently expressed between current and never smokers in prostate tumors. Supplementary Table S4: Genes differently expressed between current and never/past smokers in 67 prostate tumors.

Supplementary Table S5 - PDF file 71K, Gene expression profiles of PNLIP, CLPS, PNLIPRP1 and PNLIPRP2 in PDAC in the Oncomine database

Supplemetary Table 5: Genes differently expressed between current and never and between current and past/never smokers in the combined cohort of 67 prostate tumors

Supplementary Table 10: Genes differently expressed between nicotine-treated and untreated LNCaP cells.

Supplementary Table 7: Genes differently expressed between current and never smokers in microdissected prostate tumors.

Supplementary Table S4 - PDF file 71K, 157 gene surrogates of 8 fatty acids are differentially expressed between tumor and nontumor tissues in PDAC cases

Supplementary Table S1 - PDF file 67K, Characteristics of Patients

Figure S1: Representative pictures of immunohistochemical staining, showing NOSTRIN expression largely in the tumor cells in the patient with long survival. Figure S2: NOSTRIN overexpression sensitizes the Panc1 pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Figure S3: (a) A negative correlation existed between miR-222 and NOSTRIN expression in tumors from PDAC cases (N=37). (b) miR-222 expression does not show any significant association with survival. (ns=non significant).

Supplementary Figure S1: Weight curves for untreated TRAMP mice and TRAMP mice treated with nicotine for 80 days. Supplementary Figure S2: Ig lambda� and Ig kappa�positive B lymphocytes in cancerous prostate tissue by in�situ hybridization. Supplementary Figure S3: qRT�PCR validation of six genes up�regulated among current smokers. Supplementary Figure S4: Analysis of prostate tumors using Bioconductor limma R. Supplementary Figure S5: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) highlighting common features between smoking�related gene signatures in prostate tumors, nicotine�induced gene signatures in human prostate cancer cells, and gene signatures archived in the GSEA database. Supplementary Figure S6: Expression of various nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunits in human prostate cancer cell lines, prostate tumors, and adjacent non�tumor prostate tissues. Supplementary Figure S7: Nicotine�mediated Akt activation in human immortalized prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cell lines. Supplementary Figure S8: Effect of nicotine on the mobility of human prostate cancer cell lines. Supplementary Figure S9: Nicotine enhances cell surface integrin expression and extracellular matrix binding (ECM) of 22Rv1 human prostate cancer cells. Supplementary Figure S10: Nicotine enhances proliferation of RWPE�1 in complete K�SFM medium but not in K�SFM medium without EGF and bovine pituitary extract. Supplementary Figure S11: Nicotine did not enhance proliferation of 22Rv1 and PC�3 human prostate cancer cells. Supplementary Figure S12: Lymphotoxin�β plasma levels in prostate cancer patients (Case) and population�based controls (Control) by smoking status.

PDF file - 1.4MB, Cell viability measured by MTT assay in transfected CRC clones (a. DFNB31 rs2274159; b. ANXA11 rs1049550; c. LINS1 rs11247226) treated with FRC (a), FRB (b), and FXB (c), respectively. Bold font, P < 0.05. FRC, FOLFIRI + cetuximab; FRB, FOLFIRI + bevacizumab; FXB, FOLFOX + bevacizumab.

Supplemetary Table 8: Genes differently expressed between current and never in microdissected tumors using the Bioconductor limma R package.

Supplementary Figure S3 - PDF file 112K, Immunohistochemical staining of PNLIP in pancreatic tumors and adjacent nontumor tissue

Supplementary Table S3 - PDF file 53K, Metabolites in the turquoise module identified using WGCNA

PDF file - 612K, Table S1. Characteristics of patient population. Figure S1. An inverse association between FOXL1 and ZEB1 expressions in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Figure S2. Oncomine analysis on differential expression of FOXL1 in multiple publicly available microarray datasets of pancreatic cancer. Figure S3. The effect of silencing FOXL1 by siRNA on cell growth, apoptosis and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells. Figure S4. The regulation of apoptosis-related gene expression by overexpression of FOXL1 in Panc1 cells.

Due to various and serious adverse impacts of spreading fake news, it is often known that only people with malicious intent would propagate fake news. However, it is not necessarily true based on social science studies. Distinguishing the types of fake news spreaders based on their intent is critical because it will effectively guide how to intervene to mitigate the spread of fake news with different approaches. To this end, we propose an intent classification framework that can best identify the correct intent of fake news. We will leverage deep reinforcement learning (DRL) that can optimize the structural representation of each tweet by removing noisy words from the input sequence when appending an actor to the long short-term memory (LSTM) intent classifier. Policy gradient DRL model (e.g., REINFORCE) can lead the actor to a higher delayed reward. We also devise a new uncertainty-aware immediate reward using a subjective opinion that can explicitly deal with multidimensional uncertainty for effective decision-making. Via 600K training episodes from a fake news tweets dataset with an annotated intent class, we evaluate the performance of uncertainty-aware reward in DRL. Evaluation results demonstrate that our proposed framework efficiently reduces the number of selected words to maintain a high 95\% multi-class accuracy., Comment: Accepted version

The East Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS) is featured with an abruptU-turn of all geological boundaries, geomorphic features and river systems at the east end of the Himalayanorogenic belt. The EHS is believed to be the region with strongest Cenozoic uplift and exhumation in Tibetan Plateau.The most significant geomorphology featurein EHSis the over 7000m Gyara Peri (GP) and Namcha Barwa (NB) peaks, which rise abruptly from the, The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

High performance computing (HPC) workflows are undergoing tumultuous changes, including an explosion in size and complexity. Despite these changes, most batch job systems still use slow, centralized schedulers. Generalized hierarchical scheduling (GHS) solves many of the challenges that face modern workflows, but GHS has not been widely adopted in HPC. A major difficulty that hinders adoption is the lack of a performance model to aid in configuring GHS for optimal performance on a given application. We propose an analytical performance model of GHS, and we validate our proposed model with four different applications on a moderately-sized system. Our validation shows that our model is extremely accurate at predicting the performance of GHS, explaining 98.7% of the variance (i.e., an R2 statistic of 0.987). Our results also support the claim that GHS overcomes scheduling throughput problems; we measured throughput improvements of up to 270× on our moderately-sized system. We then apply our performance model to a pre-exascale system, where our model predicts throughput improvements of four orders of magnitude and provides insight into optimally configuring GHS on next generation systems.

Insect responses to chemical attractants are often measured using olfactory bioassays prior to testing in field experiments. The attraction of sexually mature male Bactrocera dorsalis to methyl eugenol (ME) and the loss of attraction by ME pre-fed males have been demonstrated in laboratory bioassays and field trapping studies. It has been suggested that ME nonresponsiveness can be exploited to improve the effectiveness of B. dorsalis management programs by protecting sterile males from ME-based control measures. Currently, work is underway to identify alternatives that reduce or eliminate ME response. To support the development of compounds and evaluation of their effect on B. dorsalis attraction to ME, we compared the effectiveness of three common bioassay methods that have been used to measure lure response in Bactrocera flies under controlled conditions (choice assays using Y-tube [Y], small-cage arena [SC], and rotating carousel field-cage [RC]) to determine which bioassay method is efficient and reliable. A series of bioassays comparing ME-exposed and ME-naïve wild-type and genetic sexing strain males showed that the RC and SC were effective at both observing attraction to ME and detecting a significant reduction in ME response from ME-exposed males. However, the male attraction to ME and a significant decrease in response to ME after ME feeding was not observed in our Y-tube assays. These suggest that RC and SC are preferable options to evaluate ME non-responsiveness in B. dorsalis, and that Y-tube tests are difficult to administer correctly.

Neural networks (NNs) are often used as surrogates or emulators of partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the dynamics of complex systems. A virtually negligible computational cost of such surrogates renders them an attractive tool for ensemble-based computation, which requires a large number of repeated PDE solves. Since the latter are also needed to generate sufficient data for NN training, the usefulness of NN-based surrogates hinges on the balance between the training cost and the computational gain stemming from their deployment. We rely on multi-fidelity simulations to reduce the cost of data generation for subsequent training of a deep convolutional NN (CNN) using transfer learning. High- and low-fidelity images are generated by solving PDEs on fine and coarse meshes, respectively. We use theoretical results for multilevel Monte Carlo to guide our choice of the numbers of images of each kind. We demonstrate the performance of this multi-fidelity training strategy on the problem of estimation of the distribution of a quantity of interest, whose dynamics is governed by a system of nonlinear PDEs (parabolic PDEs of multi-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media) with uncertain/random parameters. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that a mixture of a comparatively large number of low-fidelity data and smaller numbers of high- and low-fidelity data provides an optimal balance of computational speed-up and prediction accuracy. The former is reported relative to both CNN training on high-fidelity images only and Monte Carlo solution of the PDEs. The latter is expressed in terms of both the Wasserstein distance and the Kullback-Leibler divergence.