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Axonotmesis causes sensorimotor and neurofunctional deficits, and its regeneration can occur slowly or not occur if not treated appropriately. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) promotes nerve regeneration with the proliferation of myelinating Schwann cells to recover the myelin sheath and the production of glycoproteins for endoneurium reconstruction. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of LLLT on sciatic nerve regeneration after compression injury by means of the sciatic functional index (SFI) and Raman spectroscopy (RS). For this, 64 Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to the length of treatment: 14 days (n = 32) and 21 days (n = 32). These two groups were subdivided into four sub-groups of eight animals each (control 1; control 2; laser 660 nm; laser 808 nm). All animals had surgical exposure to the sciatic nerve, and only control 1 did not suffer nerve damage. To cause the lesion in the sciatic nerve, compression was applied with a Kelly clamp for 6 s. The evaluation of sensory deficit was performed by the painful exteroceptive sensitivity (PES) and neuromotor tests by the SFI. Laser 660 nm and laser 808 nm sub-groups were irradiated daily (100 mW, 40 s, energy density of 133 J/cm

This study presents 25 cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) that occurred in Sao Luis, Maranhao State, Northeast region, Brazil, between January 2007 and December 2018. Sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status were evaluated. Clinical and histopathological data were collected from the patients’ medical records. For the HPV infection analysis, DNA was extracted and subjected to amplification by a nested polymerase chain reaction. Viral genotyping was performed by automated sequencing. The median age of patients was 12.40 ± 12.6. years, and the juvenile form of the disease (68%) was the predominant form of disease. Female participants were predominant (60%), and they were from cities located in the interior of the State (60%). The most common clinical manifestation was dysphonia; recurrence was observed in most cases (56%), and tracheostomy was necessary in seven patients (26.9%). When comparing the RRP forms, patients in the juvenile-RRP group had higher recurrence rates and need of tracheostomy than those in the adult-RRP group. The viral genotyping analysis revealed that 47.8% of patients had low-risk HPVs, whereas 13.1% had high-risk HPVs, and in 39.1% of patients the viral genotype was not obtained. HPV-6 was the most prevalent type and Juvenile-RRP was more prevalent in our population. HPV was present at a high rate, and HPV-6 was the predominant genotype. This study serves as the basis for further studies to be conducted in the Brazilian population. Our findings aid the better understanding of RRP, possibly suggesting some prognostic factors associated with the disease aggressiveness.

Objective: This study investigated the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphological changes in women with fibromyalgia (FM) through clinical and tomographic evaluation.Methods: Ten women diagnosed w...

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento da deficiência transversal de maxila, em adultos, exige a expansão de maxila cirurgicamente assistida. Diversas técnicas cirúrgicas são conhecidas para a realização desse procedimento, porém estas relacionam-se com complicações. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência de complicações associadas ao procedimento de expansão de maxila cirurgicamente assistida. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Trinta e três indivíduos com deficiência transversal de maxila foram submetidos ao procedimento de expansão pela técnica da osteotomia Le Fort I subtotal com degrau no pilar zigomático-maxilar, disjunção ptérigo-maxilar e osteotomia da sutura intermaxilar. Durante os períodos trans e pós-operatório, as complicações relacionadas ao procedimento e as distâncias interdentais foram registradas. RESULTADO: Doze homens e 21 mulheres, com idade média de 24,64 anos, submeteram-se ao procedimento. As mensurações das distâncias interdentais evidenciaram aumento das mesmas entre os períodos pré-operatório e pós-operatório de 2 meses. As complicações prevalentes foram sinusite (6%) e deslocamento associado à inclinação dental (6%). CONCLUSÃO: A expansão de maxila cirurgicamente assistida é um procedimento eficaz e de baixa morbidade para o tratamento da deficiência transversal de maxila em indivíduos adultos.

INTRODUÇÃO: a deficiência transversal da maxila é caracterizada pela atresia maxilar, palato ogival, apinhamento e rotação dos dentes, além da mordida cruzada posterior (uni ou bilateral). O tratamento dos pacientes com esta deficiência consiste no alargamento das bases ósseas maxilares. Nos pacientes com maturidade esquelética, a expansão da maxila é obtida através de procedimentos ortocirúrgicos (conhecidos como expansão de maxila cirurgicamente assistida - EMCA) que podem gerar efeitos sobre a cavidade e sobre o septo nasal. OBJETIVO: avaliar o comportamento do septo nasal frente aos procedimentos de EMCA. METODOLOGIA: foram avaliadas radiografias cefalométricas em norma póstero-anterior e radiografias oclusais totais de maxila, obtidas pela técnica convencional e posteriormente digitalizadas, de 16 pacientes submetidos à EMCA pela técnica de osteotomia Le Fort I subtotal. As radiografias foram obtidas no período pré-operatório (inicial) e pós-operatório mediato ou ao final da expansão e foram digitalizadas e mensuradas utilizando o programa DIGORA. Foram medidas, ainda, as distâncias entre os dentes (caninos, primeiro pré-molares, segundo pré-molares, primeiros molares e segundos molares). RESULTADOS: após a análise estatística pode-se constatar o aumento das distâncias interdentárias e intermaxilares, além do aumento da largura da porção basal da abertura piriforme e das distâncias entre a parede lateral da porção basal da abertura piriforme e o septo nasal. CONCLUSÃO: a EMCA é um procedimento eficaz, capaz de alargar a porção basal da abertura piriforme, que parece não influenciar no posicionamento do septo nasal. INTRODUCTION: Maxillary transversal deficiency is characterized by constricted maxillary arch, dental crowding and rotation, along with posterior uni or bilateral crossbite. The treatment of this deficiency is based on the widening of maxillary bone. In skeletal mature patients the maxillary expansion is achieved by means of surgical-orthodontic procedures (known as surgically assisted maxillary expansion - SAME) that can cause some effects on the nasal cavity and septum. AIM: To evaluate the behavior of the nasal septum after the procedures of SAME. METHODS: Post-anterior cephalometric and maxillary occlusal radiographs, taken by conventional technique and therefore digitalized, were analyzed from 16 patients undergone SAME. For all patients, the SAME technique consisted of subtotal Le Fort I osteotomy. The radiographs were taken before the surgical procedure, right after (mediate post-operatory time) or after the expansion, and thereafter digitalized and measured using DIGORA program. Also, the distances between teeth (canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars) were registered. RESULTS: The statistical treatment showed an increase in interdental and intermaxillary distances, along with an increase in the width of the base of piriform aperture and in the distances between the base of lateral wall of the piriform aperture and nasal septum. CONCLUSION: SAME is an efficient procedure that seems not to influence the septum position.

Deep mycoses are caused by fungal infections and can lead to serious systemic complications and even death. Some mycoses can present with oral manifestations, and recognizing these different oral manifestations is important for correct diagnosis. Here we describe the oral manifestations of paracoccidioidomycosis.

Purpose This study investigated stress distribution in maxillas that underwent surgically assisted palatal expansion (SARPE). Materials and Methods Five maxillary models were built: no osteotomy (M1), Le Fort I osteotomy with a step in the zygomaticomaxillary buttress (M2), Le Fort I osteotomy with a step in the zygomaticomaxillary buttress and the pterygomaxillary disjunction (M3), Le Fort I osteotomy without a step (M4), and Le Fort I osteotomy with pterygomaxillary disjunction and no step (M5). Displacement coherence and maximum stress (MS) analyses were used for all models. Results Areas of tension spread to the maxilla and the region between the alveolar ridge and the palate and a critical point in the median suture for M2, M3, M4, and M5. In M2 and M4, MS spread farther toward and over the pterygoid process, contrary to what was found in M3 and M5. M3 had a better performance than the other models, and the tensile stress was interrupted by the posterior osteotomy, thus avoiding possible damage to the sphenoid bone or difficulties in expanding the posterior region of the maxilla. Conclusions The steps in the zygomaticomaxillary buttress and the pterygomaxillary disjunction seem to be important to decrease the harmful dissipation of tensions during SARPE.

PROPOSITION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the modifications that occurred in the mesio-buccal gingival sulcus depth of the upper central incisors during a 3-year post-operative period.The mesio-buccal gingival sulcus depth of the upper central incisors of patients submitted to surgically assisted maxillary expansion (SAME) was measured by using a periodontal probe, both in the pre-operative period and in the 2-, 6-, 24-, and 36-month post-operative period. The results were submitted for statistical analysis by using ANOVA and Tukey's test with level of significance of 5%.The mesial gingival sulcus depths were statistically significant (P 0.05) in the comparison between the pre-operative and both the 2- and 6-month post-operative periods, between the 2- and 24-month post-operative periods, and between the 2- and 36-month periods.The gingival sulcus depths increased during the initial post-operative periods. The SAME procedure increased the gingival sulcus depth of the upper central incisors.

PROPOSITION: The aim of this study was to evaluate both the presence and magnitude of the modifications occurred in the alar base width, in patients submitted to surgically assisted maxillary expansion (SAME).The alar base width of 13 patients submitted to SAME followed by alar base suture and simple V-Y suture was measured by using direct measuring with digital paquimeter during regular periods: pre-operative and 2, 6, 24, and 36 months post-operative. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by using ANOVA and Tukey's test with level of significance of 5%.There was a statistically significant increase (P0.05) of the alar base width in the comparison between the pre-operative and the 6-, 24-, and 36-month post-operative periods.SAME procedure increased the alar base width even performing the alar bases sutures; however, despite the widening of 1.6 mm, the clinical result was not compromised and better than without the technique.

Os efeitos da cirurgia Ortognática vão além dos objetivos de corrigir a deformidade facial esquelética. Estes efeitos também se estendem para a morfologia do espaço aéreo faríngeo (EAF). Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as alterações do EAF de indivíduos submetidos a diferentes procedimentos em cirurgia ortognática. As mensurações do EAF foram realizadas em exames de TCFC pré e pós-operatórias de 135 indivíduos submetidos à cirurgia ortognática. Para a análise a amostra foi inicialmente distribuída de acordo com o procedimento realizado, e, posteriormente, de acordo com alterações em referências cefalométricas. Mensurações volumétricas (mm³) em diferentes segmentos do EAF e da área de maior constrição (AMC) (mm²) foram realizadas utilizando o software Dolphin Imaging® 11.7. Os resultados mostraram aumento estatisticamente significativo do volume do EAF e da AMC nos movimentos de avanço maxilar, avanço mandibular e avanço bimaxilar, havendo influencia positiva da amplitude do avanço sobre o ganho dimensional. Embora tenham sido observadas correlações significativas das alterações dimensionais com a projeção de ambos os segmentos maxilares, A análise dos modelos lineares generalizados demonstrou que tanto as variáveis volumétricas quando a AMC foram preditas de maneira mais efetiva pela projeção mandibular (Pg-Nperp) e pela interação entre a projeção mandibular e alterações na inclinação do plano mandibular (Pg-Nperp*FMA). Com base na análise dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a cirurgia ortognática modifica consideravelmente as dimensões do espaço aéreo faríngeo, o que inclui um aumento significante nos movimentos de avanço e também uma redução nos movimentos de recuo, embora o último não apresente significância estatística. The effects of orthognathic surgery go beyond the objectives of correcting the skeletal facial deformity. These effects also extend to the pharyngeal airway space (PAS) morphology. This study aimed to analyze changes in the PAS of individuals undergoing different procedures in orthognathic surgery. The measurements of the pharyngeal airspace were performed in pre- and postoperative CBCT exams of 135 individuals who underwent orthognathic surgery. For the analysis, the sample was initially distributed according to the procedure that was performed, and later, according to changes in cephalometric references. Volumetric measurements (mm³) in different segments of the PAS and the Maximum Constriction Area (MCA) (mm²) were obtained using Dolphin Imaging® 11.7 software. The results showed a statistically significant increase in the volume of the PAS and MCA in the movements of maxillary advancement, mandibular advancement and bimaxillary advancement, with a positive influence of the magnitude of the advancement on the dimensional gain. Although significant correlations of the dimensional changes with the projection of both maxillary segments have been observed, The analysis of the generalized linear models (GLM) demonstrated that both the volumetric variables and the MCA were more effectively predicted by the mandibular projection (Pg-Nperp) and by the interaction between the mandibular projection and changes in the inclination of the mandibular plane (Pg- Nperp * FMA). Based on the analysis of the results obtained, it is concluded that orthognathic surgery considerably alters the dimensions of the pharyngeal airway space, with a significant increase in advancement movements and also a reduction in setback movements, although the latter does not present statistical significance.