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Western flower thrips (WFTs), Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), is one of the most serious pests that attack rose flowers. Little is known about the effect of different parts of the rose flower on nutritional contents and digestive enzyme activities in thrips. This study assessed variations in the nutritional contents and digestive enzyme activities in the second-instar larvae and adults WFTs fed on 3 food types (rose petals, rose flowers, and honey solution + kidney bean pods) for multiple generations. The highest contents of soluble sugar (in 10% honey solution + kidney bean pods), amino acid (in rose flowers), and protein (in rose flowers) were observed, respectively. Soluble sugar and protein contents in the second-instar larvae and adults fed on rose petals decreased in the F1 generation but increased in the F2 generation and remained at higher levels until the F7 generation. Feeding of thrips with 3 food types increased the lipid content in the F1 generation, which peaked in the F2 generation and remained high until the F7 generation. In most cases, α-amylase and trypsin activities significantly decreased in the F1 generation after feeding on rose petals and then prominently increased in the F2 generation. In contrast, chymotrypsin activity remarkably increased and peaked in the F1 generation after second-instar larvae thrips fed on rose petals. There were correlations among the contents of 3 nutrient related positively with the activities of α-amylase and trypsin in WFTs second-instar larvae and adults, respectively. Overall, variations in the nutrient properties of the 3 food types caused changes in nutrient contents and digestive enzyme activities in thrips.

Western flower thrips (

Sulfonamides as the major antibiotic have become emerging contaminants worldwide in aquatic environments. Herein, a heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation driven by a novel BF-PMCs bismuth ferrites reported firstly for efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in which the possible degradation pathways are thoroughly analyzed through identifying some of key intermediates (i.e., C8H11N3O4S, C4H4NO2, etc.) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (LC-MS), monitoring organic acids (i.e., acetic acid, pyruvic acid) and inorganic anions (i.e., sulfate, nitrate) using ion chromatography (IC), and detecting radical species (i.e., HO ) using both chemical quenchers and fluorescence technique, simultaneously. The optimal operations in BF-PMCs/H2O2 system for SMX degradation are recommended at the conditions of initial pH ~4.5, 1.5 mg L−1 [SMX], 70 mM [H2O2], and BF-PMCs loading of 0.2 g L−1. The degradation rates (kinetic value of kapp) for SMX, azoxystrobin, bisphenol A, and 2,4-dichlorophenol are 9.5 × 10−3, 13.6 × 10−3, 7.3 × 10−3, and 5.9 × 10−3 min−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the degradation rates in BF-PMCs/H2O2 system for SMX degradation are slightly slower in the presence of inorganic anions (e.g., Cl−, NO3−) and NOM (e.g., humic acid). Based on an overall consideration, the BF-PMCs/H2O2 system has great potential for degradation of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) in natural water systems.

Synthesis of precursor Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 in regular sphere shape as nickel-rich cathode material for Li-ion batteries remains challenging. Here, we report that the morphology of Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 can be tuned by controlling the reaction conditions of co-precipitation. The effects of the concentration of NH3·H2O, pH of reaction solution, and stirring speed were studied in detailed. Precursor Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 with outstanding spherical hierarchical structure was successfully prepared. The cathode material of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 was then synthesized based on the prepared Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2. It showed excellent crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical properties. Within the voltage range of 2.7–4.3V, the initial discharge specific capacity was 203.7mAh·g-1 and 198.8mAh·g-1 at rate of 0.1C and 0.2C (1C = 200 mA g-1, at 30°C), and the capacity retention were 94.4% and 88.0% for 100cycles and 200cycles (0.2C, at 30°C), respectively.

Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) pose a serious threat to the global vegetable and flower crop production. The regulatory mechanism for superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the feeding adaptation of F. occidentalis after host shifting remains unclear. In this study, the copper chaperone for SOD (CCS) and manganese SOD (MnSOD) genes in F. occidentalis were cloned, and their expression levels at different developmental stages was determined. The mRNA expression of FoCCS1 and FoMnSOD2 in F. occidentalis second-instar larvae and adult females of F1, F2, and F3 generations was analyzed after shifting the thrips to kidney bean and broad bean plants, respectively. The F2 and F3 second-instar larvae and F2 adult females showed significantly upregulated FoCCS1 mRNA expression after shifting to kidney bean plants. The F1 second-instar larvae and F2 adult females showed significantly upregulated FoCCS1 mRNA expression after shifting to broad bean plants. The RNA interference significantly downregulated the FoCCS1 mRNA expression levels and adult females showed significantly inhibited SOD activity after shifting to kidney bean and broad bean plants. F. occidentalis adult females subjected to RNA interference and released on kidney bean and broad bean leaves for rearing, respectively, significantly reduced the survival rate and fecundity. These findings suggest that FoCCS1 plays an active role in regulating the feeding adaptation ability of F. occidentalis after host shifting.

In spaceborne gravitational-wave detectors, the stringent requirements on the magnetic cleanliness of the test masses (TMs) make the development of ground-based characterization techniques of their magnetic properties important. An electrostatically controlled torsion pendulum has been built to measure the magnetic properties of TianQin-like solid TMs. The remanent magnetization ${m}_{r}$ and the magnetic susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$ of TMs can be measured at the level of 1 nA ${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ and $8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, respectively. The precisions of measurements are mainly limited by the mechanical sensitivity of silicon fiber. The experimental results from a solid tungsten TM as an example show that the apparatus provides a feasible way to investigate the bulk effect of a full-size TM for the TianQin mission with enough resolution.

Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure S2. Protein expressions determined by western blotting in adriamycin-induced nephropathy rats.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers of Sanger sequencing for CFHR5 c.508G > A.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Sequences of the primers used in this study.

Non-gravitational force models are critical not only for the applications of satellite orbit determination and prediction, but also for the studies of gravitational reference sensors in space-based gravitational wave detection missions and accelerometers in gravity satellite missions. In this paper, based on the inertial sensor data from the TianQin-1 (TQ-1) mission, a correction has been made in the non-gravitational force models by applying additional terms related to the orbital periods. After taking into account this correction, about 37 hours of TQ-1 inertial sensor data is calibrated in the sensitive axes, i.e. y- and z-axes, by comparing with the simulated non-gravitational accelerations. It is indicated that the peak-to-peak value of the non-gravitational acceleration correction terms are about 2% and 13% of the measured accelerations in the y- and z-axes, respectively. Within the frequency band below 0.01 Hz, the root mean square of calibration residual errors in y- and z-axes are suppressed from 1.03 × 10−9 and 3.872 × 10−9 m s−2 to 8.14 × 10−10 and 1.343 × 10−9 m s−2, respectively. The bias and scale factor of the inertial sensor are also obtained from the calibration by the method of least-squares fit. Meanwhile, the inertial sensor measurements are validated and their signal compositions are analyzed.

TianQin is a planned space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory consisting of three earth orbiting satellites with an orbital radius of about $10^5~{\rm km}$. The satellites will form a equilateral triangle constellation the plane of which is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. TianQin aims to detect GWs between $10^{-4}~{\rm Hz}$ and $1~{\rm Hz}$ that can be generated by a wide variety of important astrophysical and cosmological sources, including the inspiral of Galactic ultra-compact binaries, the inspiral of stellar-mass black hole binaries, extreme mass ratio inspirals, the merger of massive black hole binaries, and possibly the energetic processes in the very early universe or exotic sources such as cosmic strings. In order to start science operations around 2035, a roadmap called the 0123 plan is being used to bring the key technologies of TianQin to maturity, supported by the construction of a series of research facilities on the ground. Two major projects of the 0123 plan are being carried out. In this process, the team has created a new generation $17~{\rm cm}$ single-body hollow corner-cube retro-reflector which has been launched with the QueQiao satellite on 21 May 2018; a new laser ranging station equipped with a $1.2~{\rm m}$ telescope has been constructed and the station has successfully ranged to all the five retro-reflectors on the Moon; and the TianQin-1 experimental satellite has been launched on 20 December 2019 and the first round result shows that the satellite has exceeded all of its mission requirements., 16 pages, 1 figure, invited article to a special section in PTEP

Figure S1. Hemolytic activity of SOD (19.87 μg/mL), CAT (24.67 μg/mL), and PLGA@SOD-CAT (0.1 mL) on rat erythrocytes after 1 h of incubation at 37°C (n = 5). The hemolytic activity was evaluated by the spectrophotometric determination of hemoglobin released from erythrocytes. PBS (0% hemolysis) and distilled water (100% hemolysis) were used as controls. Hemolysis values ≤ 5% (dashed line) is considered to be non-hemolytic.; Figure S2. Cytotoxicity of PLGA@SOD-CAT against the endothelial cell line after incubating for 24 h (n = 5). PLGA@SOD-CAT did not exhibit a significant cytotoxic effect toward endothelial cells at any of the tested concentrations.; Figure S3. Effects of different groups on spatial learning task impairment and memory loss in young rats using the Morris water maze test. (A) The escape latencies of rats in the spatial learning task during the four training days. (B) Motion speed of rats in the probe test. (C) Crossing platform times of rats in the test. (D) Time percent during the platform quadrant in the probe test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

The TianQin-1 satellite (TQ-1), which is the first technology demonstration satellite for the TianQin project, was launched on 20 December 2019. The first round of experiment had been carried out from 21 December 2019 until 1 April 2020. The residual acceleration of the satellite is found to be about $1\times10^{-10}~{\rm m}/{\rm s}^{2}/{\rm Hz}^{1/2}$ at $0.1~{\rm Hz}\,$ and about $5\times10^{-11}~{\rm m}/{\rm s}^{2}/{\rm Hz}^{1/2}$ at $0.05~{\rm Hz}\,$, measured by an inertial sensor with a sensitivity of $5\times10^{-12}~{\rm m}/{\rm s}^{2}/{\rm Hz}^{1/2}$ at $0.1~{\rm Hz}\,$. The micro-Newton thrusters has demonstrated a thrust resolution of $0.1~\mu{\rm N}$ and a thrust noise of $0.3~\mu{\rm N}/{\rm Hz}^{1/2}$ at $0.1~{\rm Hz}$. The residual noise of the satellite with drag-free control is $3\times10^{-9}~{\rm m}/{\rm s}^{2}/{\rm Hz}^{1/2}$ at $0.1~{\rm Hz}\,$. The noise level of the optical readout system is about $30~{\rm pm}/{\rm Hz}^{1/2}$ at $0.1~{\rm Hz}\,$. The temperature stability at temperature monitoring position is controlled to be about $\pm3~{\rm mK}$ per orbit, and the mismatch between the center-of-mass of the satellite and that of the test mass is measured with a precision of better than $0.1~{\rm mm}$., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures

Evidence has demonstrated that the microRNA (miR) may play a significant role in the development of congenital heart disease (CHD). Here, we explore the mechanism of microRNA-592 (miR-592) in heart development and CHD with the involvement of KCTD10 and Notch signaling pathway in a CHD mouse model. Cardiac tissues were extracted from CHD and normal mice. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect positive expression rate of KCTD10. A series of inhibitor, activators, and siRNAs was introduced to verified regulatory functions for miR-592 governing KCTD10 in CHD. Furthermore, the effect of miR-592 on cell proliferation and apoptosis was also investigated. Downregulated positive rate of KCTD10 was observed in CHD mice. Downregulation of miR-592 would upregulate expression of KCTD10 and inhibit the activation of Notch signaling pathway, thus promote cell proliferation. This study demonstrates that downregulation of miR-592 prevents CHD and hypoplastic heart by inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway via negatively binding to KCTD10.

With the presence of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) in aqueous systems, the heavy metals (HMs)-transfer mechanism has been given considerable attention again. Here, a facile molten-salt method is used to successfully convert banana waste into nanoflake-assembled biochar (BC350) for the first time. It is a type of macro-mesoporous biochar with a pore size composed of ~ 3.8 nm and ~ 50 nm, and its maximum adsorption capacities are 459 mg g−1 for Pb2+ and 148 mg g−1 for tetracycline (TC), which outperforms the reported adsorbents ranging from several times to dozens of times. The pore-filling effect, electrostatic interaction, coordination affinities and π-π stacking as synergistically physical/chemical adsorption behaviors of BC350 on Pb2+/TC that has been comprehensively elucidated relying on adsorption kinetics and isotherms, and key effect parameter investigation. The competitive adsorption effect becomes insignificantly in the adsorption efficiency of BC350 on Pb2+/TC cross contamination at a control condition. Moreover, BC350 also exhibits outstanding adsorption efficiency (>95%) on Pb2+/TC in five industrial wastewater samples. This study contributes to a plausible mechanism in biochar adsorption removal of metal/organics cross contamination and its potential application explored in industrial wastewater treatment.

High energy density lithium-ion batteries are eagerly required to electric vehicles more competitive. In a variety of circumstances closely associated with the energy density of the battery, positive electrode material is known as a crucial one to be tackled. Among all kinds of materials for lithium-ion batteries, nickel-rich layered oxides have the merit of high specific capacity compared to LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 and LiFePO4. They have already become one of the most attractive candidates for the mainstream batteries in industries. In this work, the recent advances on three commonly concerned nickel-rich layered oxides are presented. The preparation, microstructure, electrochemical performances are focused, the modification including coating design as well as dopant selection is specially discussed in details, which is essential to enhance the durability and energy density of lithium-ion batteries. Additionally, the prospects and challenges are also systematically discussed, as well as the potential applications in the field of energy storage technologies.

Nickel-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 is a promising and attractive positive electrode material for application in lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles, due to its high specific capacity, low cost and lower toxicity. However, poor calendar storage performance, high initial capacity loss, low cycle life, and poor thermal stability have seriously hindered its commercialization. In this work we focus on the recent progress on the synthesis and modification of layered LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 positive electrode material. Developments in synthesis, effect of doping and coating, and the concentration gradient LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 are presented.

Aim Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterised by left ventricular dilation and associated with systolic dysfunction. Recent evidence has reported the high expression of latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 2 (LTBP2) in heart diseases, which may play a role in regulating multiple biological functions of myocardial cells. Thus, this study set out to investigate the molecular mechanism and effects of LTBP2 in myocardial oxidative stress injury, fibrosis and remodelling in a rat model of DCM, with the involvement of NF-κB signalling pathway. Methods The rat model of DCM was treated with si-LTBP2 and/or activator of NF-κB signalling pathway to examine the haemodynamic indexes, cardiac functions, oxidative stress injury, fibrosis and remodelling. Moreover, in vitro experiments were conducted to verify the regulatory role of LTBP2 and NF-κB signalling pathway in DCM. Results LTBP2 was up-regulated in DCM rats. After LTBP2 was knocked down, haemodynamic indexes, HW/BW ratio, collagen volume fraction (CVF) level, positive expression of LTBP2, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), tumour necrosis factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were all decreased. Meanwhile, levels of LTBP2, Col-I, Col-III, p65 and p52 were also reduced, while HW, BW and levels of SOD and TAOC were increased. In contrast, activation of NF-κB signalling pathway reversed effects of LTBP2 gene silencing. These findings were confirmed by in vivo experiments. Conclusions LTBP2 silencing can attenuate myocardial oxidative stress injury, myocardial fibrosis and myocardial remodelling in DCM rats by down-regulating the NF-κB signalling pathway.

Additional file 2: Table S2. The difference of prognostic factors in difference studies about invasive candidiasis

Herein we combine X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, AC impedance experiments and high resolution transmission electron microscopy to provide new insight into the degradation mechanism of a nickel-rich cathode material under different charge voltages. The degradation is closely related to the charge/discharge cut-off voltage. We use a simple in-situ method to generate a stable Li2WO4 layer with a thickness of ∼10 nm on the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 surface during the calcination process using (NH4)2WO4. This decorated layer prevents side reactions and reduces formation of the insulators LiF and Li2CO3 on the surface of the particles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that the Li2WO4 layer has no effect on the interphase film resistance of the cathode/electrolyte, which remains stable during the cycling process. The charge transfer of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 is improved a lot by the decorated layer. Transmission electron microscopy shows that increasing amounts of a rock-salt phase substance forms with increasing cut-off voltage, while for the Li2WO4-decorated sample only a small amount of rock-salt forms on the surface of the cathode material. This study illustrates the relationship between changes in the surface structure with different cut-off voltages and the electrochemical performance, and provides an effective approach to improve the cycling performance of nickel-rich cathode materials.

A simple approach to the highly fluorescent near-infrared aza-BODIPY dyes with higher fluorescence quantum yields (up to 0.81 in toluene) in comparison with their known analogues is presented. Our approach is based on the restricted rotations of the 1,7-phenyl groups to the mean plane of the aza-BODIPYs, which is achieved through the installation of bulky substituents on the 1,7-phenyl groups of aza-BODIPYs and results in a reduced nonradiative relaxation process in solution. The large torsion angles between the 1,7-phenyl groups and the aza-BODIPY core (ϕ1 and ϕ2 in these novel conformationally restricted aza-BODIPYs) were confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies.

A series of LaxGd1−xF3:Nd3+ (x = 0–1) nanocrystals (NCs) was prepared via a doping-controlled hydrothermal method. The XRD patterns showed that the orthorhombic phase of GdF3 completely transforms into the hexagonal phase of LaF3 when x = 0.3, which is dramatically different when x = 0.5 for the bulk materials. The morphology and near-infrared-to-near-infrared (NIR-to-NIR) fluorescence properties exhibited a direct dependence on the La/Gd ratio, providing an effective way to prepare numerous fluorescent NCs.

Microscopic appearance of the scaffold materials and the adhesion of the cells to the scaffolds. (A, B) CBB showed a porous structure, and (E, F) the surface of hTDM showed dentinal tubules were sufficiently exposed. (C, D, G, H) The hPDLSCs and hJBMMSCs could adhere to these two scaffolds well, proliferate adequately, and extend excessively on the surface of CBB and hTDM. (PDF 511 kb)

Construction strategy of different cell sheets and nude mouse ectopic transplantation. (A) Multiple colony-derived hPDLSCs, hJBMMSCs, and the mixed cells of the two above in equal proportions were seeded into six-cell plates, and after induction by conditioned media, (B) PDLSCS, (C) JBMMSCS, and (D) CSCS were formed. (E, F) CBB/hTDM wrapped by cell sheets was cultured as the transplantation grafts. (G) Each mouse received two grafts, one on each side. The wounds were sutured to achieve primary closure. (PDF 596 kb)

Sinella gei Pan, Zhang & Shi, 2012 Figs 4, 41��� 42, Table 2 Type locality. China, Qinghai, Xining. Material examined. Male holotype and 2 female paratypes; female on slide and 2 in alcohol, China: Liaoning Province: Shengyang City: Zhaoling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty, 41.850 ��N, 123.428 ��E, alt. 58 m, in the litter under buddhist pine trees, 15.viii. 2014, F Zhang, DY Yu and ZH Li leg. (# 14 SY). Additions to original description. Clypeal chaetae 8 and arranged in three rows, 3 of them ciliate and smaller (Fig. 41). Cephalic groove with 7 chaetae, anterior four smooth and posterior three ciliate; the anterior two ciliate ones much smaller (Fig. 42). Distribution. Qinghai, Liaoning. Remarks. All three 5 + 5 eyed species of Sinella share eye arrangement (D, G, H absent), rod-like chaetae 2 and 3 on Ant. III organ, lateral process of labial palp exceeding the papilla, ciliate post-labial chaetae X, X 2, and X 4, three inner ungula teeth and a large outer tooth on unguiculus, ���smooth��� inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae, absence of smooth chaetae on manubrium, smooth part of dens slightly longer than mucro, short mucronal spine, 5 sutural cephalic mac, 3 medio-medial and 3 medio-lateral mac on Th. II, 1 + 1 central and 3 + 3 lateral mac on Abd. III, and 7 + 7 central and 6 + 6 lateral mac on Abd. IV. S. gei can be separated from the others by chaetotaxy of Th. II��� Abd. II (Table 2). The distance between antero-lateral S-chaetae ms and sens is longer than in other Sinella species., Published as part of Ding, Yin-Huan & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Contribution to the eyed Sinella from China: two new species and additional reports on nine known species (Collembola: Entomobryidae), pp. 474-490 in Zootaxa 3973 (3) on pages 483-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/236330, {"references":["Pan, Z. - X., Zhang, F. & Shi, S. - D. (2012) Contribution of study of eyed species of Sinella (Collembola, Entomobryidae), with a key to this group of species from China. Zootaxa, 3180, 35 - 46."]}

Sinella wui Wang & Christiansen, 2000 Figs 10, 58��� 59 Type locality. China, Qinghai, Xining. Material examined. Female on slide, China: Qinghai Province: Xining City: hillside western to Grain Reserve Station, under stones, 1.viii. 2009, C Ge leg. (# C 9588); female on slide and 2 in alcohol, China, Hebei Province, 39.106 ��N, 114.377 ��E, alt. 757 m, 16.vii. 2012, among leaves along the streamlet, Z Chen leg. (# HB07161); female on slide and 1 in alcohol, China, Neimenggu Province, the grassland along 105 national highway, 41.447 ��N, 113.298 ��E, alt. 1478 m, 16.vii. 2012, Z Chen leg. (#NM07233); female on slide, China, Neimenggu Province, Balinyou Qi, marshy grassland, 41.418 ��N, 118.695 ��E, alt. 1196 m, 7.viii. 2014, Z Chen leg. (# 14 NM 2). Additions to original description. Two internal sens of Ant. III organ rod-like. Clypeus chaetae 9, four lateral ones smaller and ciliate (Fig. 58). Labial chaetae as mRel 1 l 2, all smooth except R. Post-labial chaetae H 1, X, X 2���4 ciliate; X 3 sometimes absent. Chaetae along cephalic groove 9, the first (G 1) and the third smooth and others ciliate. Lateral flap of ventral tube 6���8 smooth chaetae (Fig. 59). S-chaetotaxic formula 2, 2/1, 2, 2, -, 3 sens, 1, 0/ 1, 0, 0 ms. Mac m 3 ei on Abd. II absent in two newly examined specimens. Distribution. Qinghai, Neimenggu, Hebei. Remarks. The chaetotaxic pattern of Abd. I, 5 + 5 mac with m 2 i absent, is unique in the genus. Additional chaetae around H 4 were not observed in the newly collected specimens. The differences among three 3 + 3 eyed species from China were discussed in detail by Wang & Christiansen (2000)., Published as part of Ding, Yin-Huan & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Contribution to the eyed Sinella from China: two new species and additional reports on nine known species (Collembola: Entomobryidae), pp. 474-490 in Zootaxa 3973 (3) on page 488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/236330, {"references":["Wang, F. & Christiansen, K. A. (2000) A new species of Sinella from China (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Entomological News, 111, 332 - 336."]}

Sinella abietis sp. nov. Figs 1, 11��� 27, Table 1 Types. Holotype: male on slide, China: Zhejiang Province: Qingyuan County: Baishanzu Natural Reserve, alt. 1149 m, 27.739 ��N, 119.179 ��E, 22.v. 2011, Feng Zhang and Daoyuan YU leg. (# C 9662). Paratypes: three females on slides, same data as holotype. Description. Body length up to 1.33 mm. Body light orange in alcohol (Fig. 1). Antenna 1.8 of cephalic diagonal length. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.67���1.87: 1. 27���1.53: 2.67���2.93. Smooth spiny mic at base of antennae 3 dorsal, 3 ventral on Ant. I, 1 internal, 1 external and 1 ventral on Ant. II. Ant. II distally with 1 sens having basal part expanded (Fig. 11). Two internal sens of Ant. III organ paddle-like; chaeta 8 dagger-like (Fig. 12). Ant. IV with a knobbed subapical organ (Fig. 13); 2 extero-dorsal short sens as those on Ant. II distally (Fig. 11), 0.17 and 0.45 distance from the apex, respectively. Long smooth straight chaetae absent on antennae. Eyes 1 + 1. Prelabral and labral chaetae 4 / 5, 5, 4, all smooth; the five chaetae of the first row subequal in length. Seven ciliate clypeal chaetae arranged in two rows (Fig. 14). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy with 4 antennal, 3 median (M) and 5 sutural (S) mac; Gr. II with 3���4 mac (Fig. 15). Subapical chaeta of maxillary outer lobe slightly thicker than apical one; 3 smooth sublobal hairs on maxillary outer lobe. Lateral process of labial palp as thick as normal chaetae, with tip not reaching apex of labial papilla (Fig. 16). Labial chaetae as mrel 1 l 2, all smooth, r/m= 0.8; chaetae X, X 2, X 4, H 1, and H 4 ciliate. Chaetae along cephalic groove 6���7, the proximal one smooth and others ciliate (Fig. 17). Trochanteral organ with 12���16 smooth spiny chaetae; 10���13 in arms and 2���4 between them (Fig. 18). Inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae ciliate with ciliations not closely appressed to axis. Tibiotarsi distally with 11 chaetae in a whorl. Unguis with 3 inner teeth; 2 paired teeth unequal, outer one large. Unguiculus outer edge smooth. Tenent hairs pointed (Fig. 19). Abd. IV 3.2���5.1 of Abd. III dorsal midline length. Ventral tube anteriorly with 6 + 6 ciliate chaetae and 1 + 1 pseudopore; two of them much larger than others (Fig. 20); posteriorly with 14 chaetae, 4 apical ones smooth and others weakly ciliate; each lateral flap with 7 smooth and 2 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 21). Manubrium without smooth chaetae. Manubrial plaque with 3 + 3 pseudopores and 3 + 3 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 22). Distal smooth part of dens 2.0 of mucro length. Mucro bidentate with two teeth subequal; basal spine reaching tip of the subapical tooth (Fig. 23). Th. II with 3 (m 1, m 2, m 2 i) medio-medial, 3 (m 4, m 4 i, m 4 p) medio-lateral, 24���25 posterior mac, 1 ms and 2 sens; ms inner to sens. Th. III with 25���26 mac and 2 lateral sens; a 6 i, p 6 and m 6 as mac (Fig. 24). Abd. I with 6 (a 3, m 2���4, m 2 i, m 4 p) mac, 1 ms and 1 sens; sens inner to ms. Abd. II with 3 (m 3, m 3 e, m 3 ep) central, 1 (m 5) lateral mac and 2 sens. Abd. III with 1 (m 3) central, 2 (pm 6, p 6) lateral mac and 2 sens; ms absent (Fig. 25). Abd. IV with 4 central (M, B 5, B 6, A 6) and 6 lateral mac (D 3, E 2���4, E 2 p, F 1) (Fig. 26); two sens (as, ps) of normal length and others elongate. Abd. V with 3 sens (Fig. 27). Ecology. Leaves in decomposition along the roads. Etymology. Named after the famous national key protected wild plants Abies beshanzuensis in natural reserve. Remarks. S. abietis sp. nov. is characterized by 1 + 1 eyes, paddle-like sens of Ant. III organ, ciliate clypeal chaetae, ciliate chaetae X, X 2, X 4, H 1, and H 4 posterior to labium, 2 + 2 lateral mac on Abd. III, 4 + 4 central mac on Abd. IV, and smooth outer edge on unguiculus. It is most similar to S. affluens Chen & Christiansen, 1993, but differs from it in having ciliate H 4, X, and X 4 posterior to labium, smooth outer edge on unguiculus, short mucronal spine, three pseudopores on manubrial plaque, 2 + 2 lateral mac on Abd. III, and chaetotaxy of Abd. IV. The new species differs from another 1 + 1 eyed species S. fuyanensis in having paddle-like sens of Ant. III organ, ciliate H 4, X, X 2, and X 4 posterior to labium, 3 + 3 chaetae and 3 + 3 pseudopores on manubrial plaque, longer smooth part of dens, p 5 as mic on Th. III, 2 + 2 lateral mac on Abd. III, and 4 + 4 central mac on Abd. IV (Table 1). Types. Holotype: female on slide, China: Shanxi Province: Mishui county: Zhongshan town: Lishan National Natural Reserve, alt. 1469 m, 35.42806 ��N, 112.00194 ��E, 11.ix. 2013, F. Zhang leg. (# 13 SXLS 2). Paratype: female on slide, alt. 1494 m, 35.43556 ��N, 112.01194 ��E, 12.ix. 2013 (# 13 SXLS 4), other data same as holotype. Description. Body length up to 1.07 mm. Orange pigments weakly scattered on head and body (Fig. 2). Antenna 1.5���1.9 of cephalic diagonal length. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 2.0: 1. 4: 3.7. Smooth spiny mic at base of antennae 3 dorsal, 3 ventral on Ant. I, 1 internal, 1 external and 1 ventral on Ant. II. Ant. II distally with 1 rod-like, unexpanded sens. Two internal sens of Ant. III organ rod-like; chaeta 8 posterior to chaeta 9 (Fig. 28). Long smooth straight chaetae absent on antennae. Eyes 1 + 1. Prelabral and labral chaetae 4 / 5, 5, 4, all smooth. Clypeal chaetae 8, all ciliate (Fig. 29). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy with 4 antennal, 3 median (M) and 4 sutural (S) mac (Fig. 30). Subapical chaeta of maxillary outer lobe thicker than apical one; 3 smooth sublobal hairs on maxillary outer lobe (Fig. 31). Lateral process of labial palp as thick as normal chaetae, with tip beyond apex of labial papilla (Fig. 32). Labial chaetae as mRel 1 l 2, all smooth except R, R/m= 0.7; chaetae G 1-3 smooth and others ciliate. Cephalic groove with 7 chaetae, 1 (G 1) of them smooth (Fig. 33). Trochanteral organ with 10���12 smooth spiny chaetae; 7���9 in arms and 3 between them. Inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae ciliate with ciliations not closely appressed to axis. Tibiotarsi distally with 10 ciliate chaetae in a whorl. Unguis with 3 inner teeth; 2 paired teeth unequal, outer one large. Unguiculus outer edge with a large tooth. All tenent hairs pointed (Fig. 34). Abd. IV 2.4���2.6 of Abd. III dorsal midline length. Ventral tube anteriorly with 2 + 2 large and 4 + 4 small ciliate chaetae (Fig. 35); posteriorly with 9 (3, 2, 4 in three rows) chaetae, the extero-apical two ciliate (Fig. 36); each lateral flap with 7 chaetae, 3 of them ciliate (Fig. 35). Manubrium without smooth chaetae. Manubrial plaque with 2 + 2 pseudopores and 2 + 2 ciliate chaetae. Distal smooth part of dens 2.3���2.7 of mucro length. Mucronal basal spine nearly reaching tip of the apical tooth (Fig. 37). Th. II with 4 (m 1, m 2, m 2 i, m 2 i 2) medio-medial, 3 (m 4, m 4 i, m 4 p) medio-lateral, 18���20 posterior mac, 1 ms and 2 sens; ms internal to sens; mac p 2 ep 2 often absent. Th. III with 25 mac and 2 lateral sens; mac a 6 i and m 5 i absent (Fig. 38). Abd. I with 6 (a 3, m 2���4, m 2 i, m 4 p) mac, 1 ms and 1 sens; ms inner to sens. Abd. II with 5 (a 2, a 3, m 3, m 3 e, m 3 ep) central, 1 (m 5) lateral mac and 2 sens. Abd. III with 2 (a 2, m 3) central, 1 (pm 6) lateral mac and 2 sens. Abd. IV with 4 central (M, B 5���6, A 4), 5 lateral mac (D 3, E 2���4, F 1) and at least 9 sens; two sens of normal length and others elongate (Fig. 39). Abd. V with 3 sens (Fig. 40). Ecology. In rotten leaves of forest. Etymology. Named after the 1 + 1 lateral mac on Abd. III. Remarks. S. uniseta sp. nov. is the eighth species with 1 + 1 eyes from China (Zhang, 2013). It is characterized by the reverse position of chaetae 8 and 9 on Ant. III, 4 sutural cephalic mac, 1 + 1 lateral mac on Abd. III, and unique 4 + 4 central and 5 + 5 lateral mac on Abd. IV. It is most similar to S. affluens Chen & Christiansen, 1993 in 1 + 1 eyes, long mucronal spine nearly reaching the tip of the apical tooth and claw structure, but differs from the latter in having ciliate chaetae posterior to G 1-3, Ant. III organ, absence of mac a 6 i on Th. III, 5 + 5 central mac on Abd. II, 2 + 2 central and 1 + 1 lateral mac on Abd. III, unique arrangement of central mac on Abd. IV, and pointed tenent hair., Published as part of Ding, Yin-Huan & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Contribution to the eyed Sinella from China: two new species and additional reports on nine known species (Collembola: Entomobryidae), pp. 474-490 in Zootaxa 3973 (3) on pages 475-483, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/236330, {"references":["Chen, J. - X. & Christiansen, K. A. (1993) The genus Sinella with special reference to Sinella s. s. (Collembola: Entomobryidae) of China. Oriental Insects, 27, 1 - 54. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1993.10432236","Zhang, F. (2013) Five new eyed species of Sinella (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China, with a key to the eyed species of the genus. Zootaxa, 3736 (5), 549 - 568. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3736.5.7"]}

Sinella qufuensis Chen & Christiansen, 1993 Figs 6, 43��� 47 Type locality. China, Shangdong, Qufu. Material examined. Holotype and paratypes; 2 females on slides and 1 in alcohol, China: Jilin Province: Changchun City: Northeast Changchun City Urban Wetland Park, 43.986 ��N, 125.36 ��E, alt. 217 m, 31.viii. 2013, in litter, F Zhang and X Sun leg. (# 2013 DBCC). Additions to original description. Ant. III organ with 2 rods; chaeta 6���9 as ordinary smooth chaetae (Fig. 43). Clypeal chaetae 9, all smooth, 5 of them much smaller (Fig. 44). Post-labial chaetae H 1, X, and X 2-4 ciliate; X 3 sometimes absent. Cephalic groove with 8 chaetae, the first (G 1) and the third ciliate. Trochanteral organ with 13��� 15 spiny chaetae, 10���13 in arms and 2���3 between arms (Fig. 45). Ventral tube anteriorly with 7 + 7 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 46); posteriorly with 12 smooth chaetae; each lateral flap with 8 smooth chaetae (Fig. 47). S-chaetotaxic formula 2, 2/1, 2, 2, ���, 3 sens, 1, 0/ 1, 0, 0 ms. Distribution. Shandong, Jilin. Remarks. S. qufuensis is the only 4 + 4 eyed species from China. It differs from another 4 + 4 eyed species, S. humicola Brown, 1926 from Iraq, in having an outer tooth on unguiculus and the absence of ���smooth��� inner differentiated tibiotarsal chaetae., Published as part of Ding, Yin-Huan & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Contribution to the eyed Sinella from China: two new species and additional reports on nine known species (Collembola: Entomobryidae), pp. 474-490 in Zootaxa 3973 (3) on pages 485-486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/236330, {"references":["Chen, J. - X. & Christiansen, K. A. (1993) The genus Sinella with special reference to Sinella s. s. (Collembola: Entomobryidae) of China. Oriental Insects, 27, 1 - 54. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1993.10432236","Brown, J. M. (1926) On some Collembola from Mesopotamia. The Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 36, 201 - 218. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1926. tb 02170. x"]}

Sinella sunae Pan, Zhang & Shi, 2012 Figs 8, 52��� 54 Type locality. China, Sichuan, Jiuzhaigou. Material examined. Holotype and 2 paratypes; male on slide, China: Yunnan Province, 26.643 ��N, 98.905 ��E, alt. 1149 m, in litter, 11.x. 2014, C-Y Qin leg. (# 14 YN 2). Additional description. Clypeal chaetae 7, all smooth and arranged in two rows (Fig. 52). Chaeta X 2 as a mic. Cephalic groove with 7 chaetae, anterior four smooth and posterior three ciliate; the anterior two ciliate ones much smaller (Fig. 53). Abd. IV with 6 + 6 (I, M, B 4, B 5, A 4, A 6) central and 5 + 5 (F 1, E 2���4, D 3) mac in newly collected specimens (Fig. 54). Distribution. Sichuan, Yunnan. Remarks. Additional microchaeta X 2 and mac A 4 on Abd. IV occur in single male specimen from new records (Yunnan), while socket of A 4 is obviously smaller than other mac. More details see Pan et al. (2012)., Published as part of Ding, Yin-Huan & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Contribution to the eyed Sinella from China: two new species and additional reports on nine known species (Collembola: Entomobryidae), pp. 474-490 in Zootaxa 3973 (3) on page 486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/236330, {"references":["Pan, Z. - X., Zhang, F. & Shi, S. - D. (2012) Contribution of study of eyed species of Sinella (Collembola, Entomobryidae), with a key to this group of species from China. Zootaxa, 3180, 35 - 46."]}

Sinella quinocula Chen & Christiansen, 1993 Figs 7, 48��� 51, Table 2 Type locality. China, Anhui, Langya Mountain. Material examined. Holotype and paratypes; 4 females on slides, China: Mei county: Tangyu town: Long Mountain, 34.13 ��N, 107.896 ��E, alt. 683 m, in litter of mixed hardwood-conifers forest, 8.viii. 2010, F Zhang, Z-X Pan and DY Yu leg. (# C 9616); 1 male and 1 female on slides, China, Anhui, Liuan, Youfandian, 31.547 ��N, 115.954 ��E, alt. 197 m, in rotten wood and topsoil, 1.viii. 2012, ZX Pan leg. (# S 4366); 1 female on slide and 3 in alcohol, China: Jiangsu: Nanjing: Qixia Mountain, in litter and topsoil, 16.ix. 2012, ZX Pan leg. (# S 4389). Additions to original description. Clypeal chaetae 8, all ciliate and arranged in three rows; the middle one much smaller (Fig. 48). Lateral process of labial palp exceeding the papilla. Post-labial chaetae H 1 and H 4 ciliate; X 3 often absent. Cephalic groove with 8 chaetae, the first and the third ones smooth and others ciliate (Fig. 51). Trochanteral organ with 11���15 spiny chaetae, 10���12 in arms and 1���3 between arms (Fig. 49). Ventral tube anteriorly with 7 + 7 ciliate chaetae (Fig. 46, same as S. gei); posteriorly with 10 smooth chaetae; each lateral flap with 8 smooth chaetae (Fig. 50). S-chaetotaxic formula 2, 2/1, 2, 2, ���, 3 sens, 1, 0/ 1, 0, 0 ms. Distribution. Anhui, Jiangsu, Shaanxi. Remarks. Character differences see above remarks in S. gei. Compared to other two 5 + 5 eye species, S. quinocula is distributed in more southern region of China., Published as part of Ding, Yin-Huan & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Contribution to the eyed Sinella from China: two new species and additional reports on nine known species (Collembola: Entomobryidae), pp. 474-490 in Zootaxa 3973 (3) on page 486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/236330, {"references":["Chen, J. - X. & Christiansen, K. A. (1993) The genus Sinella with special reference to Sinella s. s. (Collembola: Entomobryidae) of China. Oriental Insects, 27, 1 - 54. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1993.10432236"]}

Sinella gracilis Zhang, 2013 Fig. 5 Type locality. Neimenggu, Kalaqin Qi. Material examined. Holotype and 3 paratypes; female on slide and 1 in alcohol, China, Jilin Province, Gongzhuling City, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 43.50 ��N, 124.817 ��E, altitude 114m, in farmland, 15.ix. 2013, X Sun leg. Distribution. Neimenggu, Jilin., Published as part of Ding, Yin-Huan & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Contribution to the eyed Sinella from China: two new species and additional reports on nine known species (Collembola: Entomobryidae), pp. 474-490 in Zootaxa 3973 (3) on page 485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/236330, {"references":["Zhang, F. (2013) Five new eyed species of Sinella (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China, with a key to the eyed species of the genus. Zootaxa, 3736 (5), 549 - 568. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3736.5.7"]}

Sinella affluens Chen & Christiansen, 1993 Fig. 3, Table 1 Type locality. China, Anhui, Yellow Mountain. Material examined. Holotype and 2 paratypes; 1 male and 1 female on slides and 5 in alcohol, China: Anhui: Liuan, the entrance of Tiantangzhai scenic region, 31.194 ��N, 115.791 ��E, alt. 538 m, 2.viii. 2012, ZX Pan leg. (# S 4369); female on slide and 2 in alcohol, China, Anhui, Shitai, Guniujiang, the entrance of Yan hamlet, 30.092 ��N, 117.482 ��E, alt. 208 m, 15.viii. 2011, F Zhang, DY Yu and YH Ren leg. (# C 9676); female on slide, China, Nanjing, Qingliangshan Park, 32.047 ��N, 118.760 ��E, alt. 42 m, in litter of forest floor, 5.vii. 2012, DY Yu, Z Chen and RR Dong leg. (# C 9690); female on slide and numerous in alcohol, China, Nanjing, Qixia Mountain, the entrance of Hongye valley, 32.160 ��N, 118.960 ��E, alt. 147 m, 7.xii. 2014, in litter, DY Yu leg. (# 14 QX 4). Additions to original description. Seven ciliate clypeal chaetae same as S. abietis sp. nov. (Fig. 14). Chaetae along cephalic groove 6���7, anterior two or three smooth. S-chaetotaxic formula 2, 2/1, 2, 2, ���, 3 sens, 1, 0/ 1, 0, 0 ms. Distribution. Anhui, Jiangsu. Remarks. S. affluens is widely distributed in East China. It is unique in having 4 + 4 central mac on Abd. IV, and distinctly differs from another 1 + 1 eyed species, S. uniseta sp. nov., in having the arrangement of central mac on Abd. IV and post-labial chaeta X and X 4 (smooth and tiny in S. affluens and ciliate in S. uniseta sp. nov., Table 1)., Published as part of Ding, Yin-Huan & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Contribution to the eyed Sinella from China: two new species and additional reports on nine known species (Collembola: Entomobryidae), pp. 474-490 in Zootaxa 3973 (3) on page 483, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/236330, {"references":["Chen, J. - X. & Christiansen, K. A. (1993) The genus Sinella with special reference to Sinella s. s. (Collembola: Entomobryidae) of China. Oriental Insects, 27, 1 - 54. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1993.10432236"]}

Sinella umesaoi Yosii, 1940 Figs 9, 57, Table 2 Type locality. Japan, Hokkaido. Material examined. Female on slide and 4 in alcohol, China: Jilin Province: Changchun City: Northeast Changchun City Urban Wetland Park, 43.986 ��N, 125.36 ��E, alt. 217 m, 31.viii. 2013, in litter, F Zhang and X Sun leg. (# 2013 DBCC); female on slide and numerous in alcohol, China, Jilin Province, Gongzhuling City, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 43.50 ��N, 124.817 ��E, alt. 114 m, in farmland, 15.ix. 2013, X Sun leg. Additions to original description. Clypeus with 7 ciliate chaetae, outer two much smaller (Fig. 57). Cephalic groove with 6 chaetae, anterior three smooth and posterior three ciliate. Distribution. Jilin, Shandong (China); Japan; Korea. Remarks. S. umesaoi resembles Entomobrya species in appearance because of its grey coloration, while other Sinella species have no or orange pigments. More comparison with other two 5 + 5 eyed species sees above remarks (Table 2) and Pan et al. (2012)., Published as part of Ding, Yin-Huan & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Contribution to the eyed Sinella from China: two new species and additional reports on nine known species (Collembola: Entomobryidae), pp. 474-490 in Zootaxa 3973 (3) on page 488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/236330, {"references":["Yosii, R. (1940) On some Collembola from Hokkaido. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 19, 185 - 190.","Pan, Z. - X., Zhang, F. & Shi, S. - D. (2012) Contribution of study of eyed species of Sinella (Collembola, Entomobryidae), with a key to this group of species from China. Zootaxa, 3180, 35 - 46."]}

Ding, Yin-Huan, Zhang, Feng (2015): Contribution to the eyed Sinella from China: two new species and additional reports on nine known species (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zootaxa 3973 (3): 474-490, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3973.3.4

Sinella wui Wang & Christiansen, 2000 Figs 10, 58– 59 Type locality. China, Qinghai, Xining. Material examined. Female on slide, China: Qinghai Province: Xining City: hillside western to Grain Reserve Station, under stones, 1.viii. 2009, C Ge leg. (# C 9588); female on slide and 2 in alcohol, China, Hebei Province, 39.106 °N, 114.377 °E, alt. 757 m, 16.vii. 2012, among leaves along the streamlet, Z Chen leg. (# HB07161); female on slide and 1 in alcohol, China, Neimenggu Province, the grassland along 105 national highway, 41.447 °N, 113.298 °E, alt. 1478 m, 16.vii. 2012, Z Chen leg. (#NM07233); female on slide, China, Neimenggu Province, Balinyou Qi, marshy grassland, 41.418 °N, 118.695 °E, alt. 1196 m, 7.viii. 2014, Z Chen leg. (# 14 NM 2). Additions to original description. Two internal sens of Ant. III organ rod-like. Clypeus chaetae 9, four lateral ones smaller and ciliate (Fig. 58). Labial chaetae as mRel 1 l 2, all smooth except R. Post-labial chaetae H 1, X, X 2–4 ciliate; X 3 sometimes absent. Chaetae along cephalic groove 9, the first (G 1) and the third smooth and others ciliate. Lateral flap of ventral tube 6–8 smooth chaetae (Fig. 59). S-chaetotaxic formula 2, 2/1, 2, 2, -, 3 sens, 1, 0/ 1, 0, 0 ms. Mac m 3 ei on Abd. II absent in two newly examined specimens. Distribution. Qinghai, Neimenggu, Hebei. Remarks. The chaetotaxic pattern of Abd. I, 5 + 5 mac with m 2 i absent, is unique in the genus. Additional chaetae around H 4 were not observed in the newly collected specimens. The differences among three 3 + 3 eyed species from China were discussed in detail by Wang & Christiansen (2000).

Key to the eyed Sinella species from China 1 Unguiculus with a clear tooth on outer edge............................................................... 2 - Unguiculus smooth or serrate or with a tiny tooth on outer edge.............................................. 16 2 Mucronal basal spine absent........................................................ yasumatsui Uchida, 1948 - Mucronal basal spine present........................................................................... 3 3 Mucronal basal spine long reaching at least half way from tip of subapical tooth to tip of apical tooth.................. 4 - Mucronal basal spine short, at most slightly exceeding tip of subapical tooth...................................... 7 4 Eyes 3 + 3................................................................... wui Wang & Christiansen, 2000 - Eyes 1 + 1........................................................................................... 5 5 Abd. II with 5 + 5 central mac; Add. III with 2 + 2 central mac........................................ uniseta sp. nov. - Abd. II with 3 + 3 central mac; Add. III with 1 + 1 central mac................................................... 6 6 Abd. I with 5 + 5 mac; Abd. IV with 5–6 + 5–6 mac.................................... sunae Pan, Zhang & Shi, 2012 - Abd. I with 6 + 6 mac; Abd. IV with 4 + 4 mac.................................... affluens Chen & Christiansen, 1993 7 Eyes 5 + 5........................................................................................... 8 - Eyes at most 4 + 4................................................................................... 10 8 Abd. III with 2 + 2 central mac.............................................. quinocula Chen & Christiansen, 1993 - Abd. III with 1 + 1 central mac........................................................................... 9 9 Body grey; labial chaeta R smooth; tenent hair on fore leg clavate............................... umesaoi Yosii, 1940 - Body white; labial chaeta R ciliate; tenent hair on fore leg pointed......................... gei Pan, Zhang & Shi, 2012 10 Eyes 4 + 4............................................................... qufuensis Chen & Christiansen, 1993 - Eyes at most 3 + 3.................................................................................... 11 11 Eyes 3 + 3.......................................................................................... 12 - Eyes at most 2 + 2..................................................................................... 13 12 Abd. III with 1 + 1 central mac........................................................ straminea (Folsom, 1899) - Abd. III with 2 + 2 central mac................................................ triocula Chen & Christiansen, 1993 13 Tenent hairs pointed................................................................................. 14 - Tenent hairs clavate................................................................................... 15 14 Abd. IV with 3 + 3 central mac; smooth part of dens 2.0 of mucro length.............. pauciseta Qu, Zhang & Chen, 2010 - Abd. IV with 6 + 6 central mac; smooth part of dens 1.2 of mucro length......................... sacellum Zhang, 2013 15 Tenent hair obviously longer than unguiculus and subequal to inner edge of unguis............... monoculata Denis, 1929 - Tenent hair subequal to unguiculus and obviously shorter than inner edge of unguis................. gracilis Zhang, 2013 16 Eyes 3 + 3.......................................................................................... 17 - Eyes at most 2 + 2.................................................................................... 19 17 Abd. IV with 3 + 3 central mac.......................................................................... 18 - Abd. IV with more than 6 + 6 central mac...................................................... yui Zhang, 2013 18 Body pigmented; 4 sublobal hairs on maxillary outer lobe; Abd. I with 5 + 5 mac.... colorata Zhang, Qu & Deharveng, 2010 - Body yellow white; 3 sublobal hairs on maxillary outer lobe; Abd. I with 4 + 4 mac............. longisensilla Zhang, 2013 19 Eyes 2 + 2........................................................................................... 20 - Eyes 1 + 1.......................................................................................... 24 20 Mucronal basal spine long reaching at midway between two teeth.............................. curviseta Brook, 1882 - Mucronal basal spine short, at most slightly exceeding tip of subapical tooth..................................... 21 21 Tibiotarsus without rows of “smooth” differentiated chaetae................................................. 22 - Tibiotarsus with rows of apparently “smooth” differentiated chaetae........................................... 23 22 Two eyes arranged in a longitudinal row....................................... browni Chen & Christiansen, 1993 - Two eyes arranged in a transverse row........................................... transoculata Pan & Yuan, 2013 23 Two eyes separate from each other; Abd. IV with 7 + 7 central and 6 + 6 lateral mac...... plebeia Chen & Christiansen, 1993 - Two eyes close to each other; Abd. IV with 3 + 3 central and 5 + 5 lateral mac................. pseudobrowni Zhang, 2013 24 Labial chaeta r/m= 0.8; Abd. IV with 4 + 4 central mac............................................. abietis sp. nov. - Labial chaeta r/m= 0.15; Abd. IV with 6 + 6 central mac........................… fuyanensis Chen & Christiansen, 1993

Sinella transoculata Pan & Yuan, 2013 Figs 55���56 Type locality. China, Zhejiang, Zhuji. Material examined. Holotype; two females on slides, China: Fujian Province: Sanming City: Guanzhuang National Forestry Farm, alt. 707 m, 26.5 ��N, 117.716674 ��E, 17.ix. 2014, DY YU leg. (# Sanming 9 - 2). Remarks. S. transoculata is the only species with two eyes arranged in a transverse row in China. The new collected specimens from Fujian agree well with the original description in most characters; however, our specimens have a minor tooth on unguiculus outer edge (Fig. 55) and 7 smooth clypeal chaetae arranged in three rows (2, 3, 3) (Fig. 56)., Published as part of Ding, Yin-Huan & Zhang, Feng, 2015, Contribution to the eyed Sinella from China: two new species and additional reports on nine known species (Collembola: Entomobryidae), pp. 474-490 in Zootaxa 3973 (3) on pages 486-487, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/236330, {"references":["Pan, Z. & Yuan, X. (2013) A new species with 2 + 2 ommatidia in the genus Sinella (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Dongbai Mountain in Zhejiang Province. Entomotaxonomia, 35, 249 - 255."]}

Background AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation plays an essential role in glucose metabolism of the heart. This study aimed at investigating whether AMPK was involved in glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) translocation induced by azide-induced chemical hypoxia in primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Methods With or without adenine 9-β-D-arabinofuranoside (ara A, AMPK inbibitor) preincubation, primary cultured rat cardiomyocytes were randomized to several groups as incubated with azide (the respiratory chain inhibitor), insulin, or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR, an AMPK activator). Glucose uptake was measured through γ-scintillation and GLUT-4 protein was detected by Western blot for each group. Results Azide-induced chemical hypoxia and AICAR both increased glucose uptake and GLUT-4 translocation in cardiomyocytes, and AICAR had an additive effect on insulin action. Ara A decreased AICAR- and azide-induced glucose uptake and GLUT-4 translocation but did not affect basal or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Conclusions Azide-induced chemical hypoxia increased glucose uptake and GLUT-4 translocation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through a mechanism that at least was partially mediated by AMPK activation.

An electrostatic-controlled torsion pendulum combined with a scanning conducting probe is used to measure the temporal and spatial variations of the surface potential on test mass. The apparatus can work in static and scanning modes. Temporal variation of the surface potential can be measured with the static mode, and its voltage variation with a level of $15\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{V}/{\mathrm{Hz}}^{1/2}$ at 0.03 Hz has been achieved for a $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{mm}}^{2}$ area. The spatial distribution of the surface potential can be measured with the scanning mode, and the surface potential distribution can be obtained at a level of $330\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{V}$ at 0.125 mm spatial resolution. The experimental results tell us that the apparatus provide a new way to investigate the charge distribution and its variation, which is very useful in helping to understand the physical mechanism of the surface charge distribution of an actual object.

Recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing d -hydantoinase were used as the biocatalysts for the production of N-carbamoyl- d -hydroxyphenylglycine from dl -p-hydroxyphenylhydantoin. Although high concentrations of DMSO could lead to enzyme denaturation, in the presence of 1.5% DMSO, the rate of product formation increased by more than 80% due to enhanced permeability of the cell membrane and increased substrate concentration. Reduced mass transfer resistance, achieved by the permeabilization of cell membrane with CTAB and glutaraldehyde, led to a 60% increase in the rate of production. However, in addition to causing a shift of optimal pH toward lower pH, permeabilization of the cell membrane resulted in reduced enzyme stability toward thermal and organic denaturation. Nevertheless, the stability of the d -hydantoinase of the recombinant cells toward pH, temperature and organic solvents can be significantly enhanced by immobilization.

Recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) harbouring plasmid pET36 encoding d -hydantoinase from Pseudomonas putida were used as biocatalyst for the production of N -carbamoyl- d -hydroxyphenylglycine from dl - p -hydroxyphenylhydantoin. The optimum d -hydantoinase activity was observed at 40°C and pH 8.5. At a substrate concentration of 300 mg/l, an initial reaction rate of 24.52 mM/h g cells was obtained and 91% of the substrate was converted into product after a 24-h reaction. Recombinant cells were immobilized within calcium alginate beads with diameters ranging from 2 to 3 mm. The specific activity of the immobilized cells increased with cell loads, probably due to reduced mass transfer resistance. The immobilized cells also exhibited an optimal pH of 8.5. However, under the conditions described above, the initial reaction rate with the immobilized cells as the biocatalysts was reduced by 87% to 3.19 mM/h g cells, probably due to the formation of cell aggregates inaccessible to substrate. Thermostability and reusability of d -hydantoinase were increased upon immobilization. The initial reaction rate with immobilized cells was increased with temperature at least up to 60°C. More than 95% of the d -hydantoinase activity was recovered after three cycles for the immobilized cells, compared to 22% for the free cell systems.

Vasoconstriction and vascular hypersensitivity to serotonin were previously shown in animal models of adventitia injury. We investigated the contribution of angiotensin II (AngII)/AngII receptors and oxidative stress to vascular contractility and reactivity in this model.Wistar Kyoto rats were divided into 3 groups: normal (n = 6, no any intervention, only for measuring the serum AngII concentration), vehicle (n = 12, collared), and valsartan (n = 12, collared + valsartan 30 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)). After one week of treatment, adventitia injury was induced by positioning a silicone collar around the right carotid artery for one week. Blood flow and vascular reactivity to serotonin were determined one week after injury, the blood from left ventricle was taken to measure the serum AngII concentration by ELISA, and carotids were harvested for morphometry and Western blot analysis.Adventitia injury induced lumen cross-sectional area reduction (-44% vs. -5%), media diameter increase (62% vs. 10%), blood flow reduction [(2.79 ± 0.22) vs. (4.33 ± 0.84) ml/min] were significantly attenuated by valsartan. The increased vascular reactivity sensitivity to serotonin in vehicle group was also significantly reduced in valsartan group. Serum AngII concentration was significantly increased in vehicle group [(45.21 ± 4.52) pg/ml vs. (19.83 ± 0.5) pg/ml in normal rats, P = 0.0148] and the expression of AngII type 1 (AT(1)) receptor, AngII type 2 (AT(2)) receptor, as well as p22(phox) in collared arteries were significantly upregulated. Valsartan did not affect the AT(1) receptor expression but further increased serum AngII concentration [(89.73 ± 20.44) pg/ml vs. (45.21 ± 4.52) pg/ml, P = 0.001], and AT(2) receptor expression, while downregulated p22(phox) expressions.Collar-induced adventitia injury resulted in chronic vasoconstriction and vascular hypersensitivity to serotonin via increased serum AngII level, upregulated AngII receptors expression in the vascular well, and activated local oxidative stress. These changes could be blocked by valsartan suggesting a crucial role of AngII/AngII receptors on vascular contractility and reactivity changes in this model.

To discuss the effect of Pitavastatin on angiogenesis in vivo and its mechanism in Klotho heterozygous deficient mice.The heterozygous deficient Klotho mice (kl +/-) and wild mice (kl +/+) from the same litter were used to establish the animal model of hind-limb ischemia and grouped into control and Pitavastatin group, respectively. Hind-limb blood flow was evaluated using Laser Doppler perfusion imager (LDPI) before treatment and after operation of hind-limbs. The capillaries in muscle of limbs were counted by means of CD-31 labeled immuno-fluorescence. The phosphorylation of Akt (Protein kinase B) in cells was measured by direct immunohistochemical technique. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) in muscle of limbs was assessed using Western blotting.After treatment of Pitavastatin, the blood flow in ischemic limbs of the Kl +/- and wild mice improved obviously, the ratio of blood flow area in ischemic limb to that in non-ischemic limb increased and the density of capillaries increased in ischemic limbs of the Kl +/- and wild mice. Pitavastatin enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt and the expression of VEGF in ischemic limbs of the Kl +/- and wild mice.Pitavastatin has the pro-angiogenesis effect in vivo and the VEGF-p-Akt-NO pathway may be involved in the mechanism of the effect of Pitavastatin.