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Using behavioral factors (mood, overconfidence, underreaction, overreaction, and herding behavior) as proxy variables in the Vietnamese stock market, this article tries to explore the link between investor demographics (gender, age, experience, and educational ability) and their investment decisions. This study compiles information from a structured questionnaire survey of 400 local, international, institutional, and individual investors in Vietnam. It employed partial multiple regression to examine how investors' demographic variables affected their investment choices using behavioral traits as mediator variables. According to the results, investor emotion, overconfidence, over/underreaction, and herd behavior all have a large impact on investing decisions. Additionally, investors' investing selections are significantly and favorably influenced by their age, gender, and degree of education. Although experience does not have a significant effect on financial decisions, investors start to ignore emotional aspects as they become more experienced.

Bài báo này đóng góp vào tài liệu thực nghiệm trong việc tìm hiểu các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến tham nhũng bằng cách điều tra mối quan hệ giữa trí tuệ thông minh, vốn xã hội và tham nhũng thông qua sử dụng dữ liệu bảng của 9 quốc gia ASEAN trong giai đoạn 2013- 2020. Kết quả hồi quy dữ liệu theo trường phái Bayes đã cho thấy trí tuệ thông minh và bình phương của trí tuệ thông minh có tác động mạnh mẽ đến tham nhũng trong khu vực ASEAN. Cụ thể, chúng tôi thấy rằng có mối quan hệ hình chữ U giữa trí tuệ thông minh và tham nhũng. Bên cạnh đó, nghiên cứu này cũng cho thấy vốn xã hội có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến tham nhũng. Các phát hiện trong nghiên cứu này là rất ổn định với các kiểm định tính vững khác nhau. Các phát hiện đã cho thấy lại tầm quan trọng của trí tuệ thông minh và vốn xã hội trong việc kiểm soát tham nhũng ở khu vực Đông Nam Á.

The energy sector in Vietnam has developed rapidly as the country is transitioning to renewable energy. Moreover, the Vietnamese government also motivates the engagement of private investors in the energy sector to enhance the competitiveness of the energy market. Therefore, this paper investigates how innovation investments and ownership concentration affect the financial sustainability of energy companies in Vietnam. We employ the Fixed Effect Model and Generalized Method of Moments estimations to analyze the sample, including 600 firm-year observations of 103 energy companies from January 2007 to December 2020. The empirical findings show that innovations and block-holders support firms to grow sustainably. The positive relationship between innovation investments and financial sustainability is robust even when we employ alternative proxies of innovation investments. Our study indicates that block-ownership affects sustainable developments of smaller energy firms, while innovation investments significantly improve the sustainability of larger energy firms. Finally, our study reports that the Covid-19 pandemic adversely affects the financial sustainability of energy firms. Our findings align with agency theory, resource-based theory, and prior literature. Our findings recommend that energy firms motivate innovation investments such as training and RD activities to grow sustainably. In addition, the Vietnamese government should encourage small energy firms to attract blockholders to improve financial sustainability.

Human resource development is one of the main issues in the socio-economic development strategy and the transform of any regions in the context of the Industry 4.0. However, Vietnamese human resources have been poorly evaluated in the areas of quality, lack of dynamism, and creativity. Therefore, this paper presents fuzzy logic approach to ranking seven skills shortage in Vietnam’s Labor Market, namely lifelong learning, adaptive capacity, information technology capacity, creativity and innovation capacity, problem-solving capacity, foreign language competency, and organizing and managing competency. The result results shown that the problem solving skill is the largest gap between an enterprise’s requirements and the actual response of employees.

Numerical simulations are performed to determine the angular dependence of the MIe scattering cross-section intensities of pure water droplets and pollutants such as contaminated water droplets and black carbon as a function of the wavelength of the incident laser light, complex refractive index, and size of the scatterer. Our results show distinct scattering features when varying the various scattering parameters, thereby allowing the identification of the scattering particle with specific application to the identification of atmospheric pollutants including black carbon. Regardless of the type of scatterer, the scattering intensity is nearly uniform with a slight preference for forward scattering when the size of the particle is within 20% of the incident laser’s wavelength. The scattering patterns start to exhibit distinguishable features when the size parameter equals 1.77, corresponding to an incident laser wavelength of 0.355 μm and a particle radius of 0.1 μm. The patterns then become increasingly unique as the size parameter increases. Based on these calculations, we propose a time-gated lidar scheme consisting of multiple detectors that can rotate through a telescopic angle and be placed equidistantly around the scattering particles to collect the backscattered light and a commercially available Q-switched laser system emitting at tunable laser wavelengths. By using a pulsed laser with 10-ns pulse duration, our scheme could distinguish scattering centers that are at least 3 m apart. Our scheme called MIe Scattering Time-gated multi-Static LIDAR (MISTS–LIDAR) would be capable of identifying the type of atmospheric pollutant and mapping its location with a spatial resolution of a few meters.

Fluoride host materials doped with trivalent cerium ions have previously been demonstrated as successful laser materials in the ultraviolet wavelength region. However, the nonlinear optical properties of the fluoride hosts in this wavelength region have not been investigated yet, although nonlinearity could result in undesirable effects such as self-focusing and pulse distortion when these fluoride materials are used as gain media in high-power, ultrashort pulse laser oscillator and amplifier systems. In this work, the nonlinear refractive index of lithium calcium aluminum fluoride (LiCaAlF6), lithium strontium aluminum fluoride (LiSrAlF6), lanthanum fluoride (LaF3), and yttrium lithium fluoride (YLiF4) fluoride host materials are determined using the Kramers–Krönig relation model in the ultraviolet wavelength region. Self-focusing conditions, particularly at the peak laser emission wavelength of these materials, are further analyzed. Results show that LiCaAlF6 has the smallest nonlinear refractive index and self-focusing, making it an ideal host material under the conditions of ultrashort pulse and ultrahigh-power laser generation.

We propose a scheme for generating two continuously tunable laser wavelengths with picometer linewidths using only one solid-state laser gain medium, two end mirrors, one output coupler, and one grating in a double Littman resonator. Each laser wavelength emission can be tuned independently while maintaining the very narrow linewidth. We demonstrate our scheme in the ultraviolet region by simulating the ultraviolet laser emission from a cerium-doped lithium calcium aluminum fluoride crystal, where we obtained a linewidth of about 2 pm and continuous tunability in the wavelength range from 278 nm to 315 nm. This wavelength region has important applications in monitoring the concentration of sulfur dioxide and ozone in the atmosphere using differential absorption lidar, which require two closely spaced wavelengths with linewidths of 100 pm or less. The proposed scheme can be extended to other wavelength regions using an appropriate laser gain medium, enabling other applications requiring a tunable dual wavelength and narrow linewidth laser.

This study uses the theory of market timing in considering capital structure of the sample of 430 companies which are listed on Vietnam's stock market and implemented IPO in the period of 2006 - 2012. Following the research method of Alti (2006), the article used the variable HOT to represent the factor of market timing in order to understand the relationship between this variable and leverage variable in the short-term (in the year of IPO) and in the long-term (year of IPO + 1, IPO + 2, ..., IPO + 6). The results showed no statistically significant evidence about the negative relationship between the HOT and leverage ratios. It implies that in the first time that companies issue their share capital to the public, the ―active‖ or ―gloomy‖ situation of market is not related to the leverage ratio at the moment of observation. In addition, the results also showed that variables relating to characteristics of company such as growth potential, profitability and scale have a statistically significant relation to capital structure and tangible has no impact on leverage ratio.

The main target of this study is to measure the relationship of macroeconomic factors to the volatility of the stock market in Vietnam (through stock price VN-index). There are four factors including the consumer price index (measure of inflation), the exchange rate of USD/VND and money supply M2. Research shows that the stock price VN-Index has a positive relationship with the money supply M2 and the domestic gold price in long term. On the contrary, it has a negative relationship with the inflation while it does not have any connection to the exchange rate and stock price index. In short term, the current stock price index has proportional to the stock price index last month and inversely proportional to the exchange rate. The estimated speed of adjustment indicates that the Vietnam stock market converges to the equilibrium about 8 months (adjusted approximately 13.04% per month) to reach equilibrium in the long term.