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We present a new strategy for self-adjuvanting vaccine development that has different types of covalently-linked immunostimulants as the carrier molecule. Using Tn antigen as the model, a three-component vaccine (MPLA-Tn-KRN7000) containing the TLR4 ligand MPLA and the iNKT cell agonist KRN7000 was designed and synthesized. This expands fully synthetic self-adjuvanting vaccine studies that use a single carrier to one with two different types of carriers. The corresponding two-component conjugate vaccines Tn-MPLA, Tn-KRN7000 and Tn-CRM197 were also synthesized, as controls. The immunological evaluation found that MPLA-Tn-KRN7000 elicits robust Tn-specific and T cell-dependent immunity. The antibodies specifically recognized, bound to and exhibited complement-dependent cytotoxicity against Tn-positive cancer cells. In addition, MPLA-Tn-KRN7000 increased the survival rate and survival time of tumor-challenged mice, and surviving mice reject further tumor attacks without any additional treatment. Compared to the glycoprotein vaccine Tn-CRM197, the two-component conjugate vaccines, Tn-MPLA and Tn-KRN7000, and the physical mixture of Tn-MPLA and Tn-KRN7000, MPLA-Tn-KRN7000 showed the most effect at combating tumor cells both

Anemarrhena asphodeloides is an immensely popular medicinal herb in China, which contains an abundant of mangiferin. As an important bioactive xanthone C-glycoside, mangiferin possesses a variety of pharmacological activities and is derived from the cyclization reaction of a benzophenone C-glycoside (maclurin). Biosynthetically, C-glycosyltransferases are critical for the formation of benzophenone C-glycosides. However, the benzophenone C-glycosyltransferases from Anemarrhena asphodeloides have not been discovered. Herein, a promiscuous C-glycosyltransferase (AaCGT) was identified from Anemarrhena asphodeloides. It was able to catalyze efficiently mono-C-glycosylation of benzophenone, together with di-C-glycosylation of dihydrochalcone. It also exhibited the weak O-glycosylation or potent S-glycosylation capacities toward 12 other types of flavonoid scaffolds and a simple aromatic compound with –SH group. Homology modeling and mutagenesis experiments revealed that the glycosylation reaction of AaCGT was initiated by the conserved residue H23 as the catalytic base. Three critical residues H356, W359 and D380 were involved in the recognition of sugar donor through hydrogen-bonding interactions. In particular, the double mutant of F94W/L378M led to an unexpected enzymatic conversion of mono-C- to di-C-glycosylation. This study highlights the important value of AaCGT as a potential biocatalyst for efficiently synthesizing high-value C-glycosides.

As Drosophila is an extensively used genetic model system, understanding of its regulatory networks has great significance in revealing the genetic mechanisms of ageing and human diseases. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-mediated regulation is an important mechanism by which circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate ageing and age-related diseases. However, extensive analyses of the multiomics (circRNA/miRNA/mRNA and lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA) characteristics of adult Drosophila during ageing have not been reported. Here, differentially expressed circRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) between 7 and 42-day-old flies were screened and identified. Then, the differentially expressed mRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs between the 7- and 42-day old flies were analysed to identify age-related circRNA/miRNA/mRNA and lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks in ageing Drosophila. Several key ceRNA networks were identified, such as the dme_circ_0009500/dme_miR-289-5p/CG31064, dme_circ_0009500/dme_miR-289-5p/frizzled, dme_circ_0009500/dme_miR-985-3p/Abl, and XLOC_027736/dme_miR-985-3p/Abl XLOC_189909/dme_miR-985-3p/Abl networks. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to verify the expression level of those genes. Those results suggest that the discovery of these ceRNA networks in ageing adult Drosophila provide new information for research on human ageing and age-related diseases.

Bmpr2 plays a central role in the regulation of reproductive development in mammals, but its role during ovarian development in fish is still unclear. To ascertain the function of

Species of the genus

Background The expression and biological functions of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in reproductive organs have been extensively reported. However, it is still unclear whether circRNAs are involved in sex change. To this end, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in gonads at 5 sexual stages (ovary, early intersexual stage gonad, middle intersexual stage gonad, late intersexual stage gonad, and testis) of ricefield eel, and the expression profiles and potential functions of circRNAs were studied. Results Seven hundred twenty-one circRNAs were identified, and the expression levels of 10 circRNAs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) and found to be in accordance with the RNA-seq data, suggesting that the RNA-seq data were reliable. Then, the sequence length, category, sequence composition and the relationship between the parent genes of the circRNAs were explored. A total of 147 circRNAs were differentially expressed in the sex change process, and GO and KEGG analyses revealed that some differentially expressed (such as novel_circ_0000659, novel_circ_0004005 and novel_circ_0005865) circRNAs were closely involved in sex change. Furthermore, expression pattern analysis demonstrated that both circSnd1 and foxl2 were downregulated in the process of sex change, which was contrary to mal-miR-135b. Finally, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation showed that circSnd1 and foxl2 can combine with mal-miR-135b and mal-miR-135c. These data revealed that circSnd1 regulates foxl2 expression in the sex change of ricefield eel by acting as a sponge of mal-miR-135b/c. Conclusion Our results are the first to demonstrate that circRNAs have potential effects on sex change in ricefield eel; and circSnd1 could regulate foxl2 expression in the sex change of ricefield eel by acting as a sponge of mal-miR-135b/c. These data will be useful for enhancing our understanding of sequential hermaphroditism and sex change in ricefield eel or other teleosts.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of covalently circular noncoding RNAs that have been extensively studied in recent years. Aging is a process related to functional decline that is regulated by signal transduction. An increasing number of studies suggest that circRNAs can regulate aging and multiple age-related diseases through their involvement in age-related signaling pathways. CircRNAs perform several biological functions, such as acting as miRNA sponges, directly interacting with proteins, and regulating transcription and translation to proteins or peptides. Herein, we summarize research progress on the biological functions of circRNAs in seven main age-related signaling pathways, namely, the insulin-insulin-like, PI3K-AKT, mTOR, AMPK, FOXO, p53, and NF-κB signaling pathways. In these pathways, circRNAs mainly function as miRNA sponges. In this review, we suggest that circRNAs are widely involved in the regulation of the main age-related pathways and are potential biomarkers for aging and age-related diseases.

Apoptosis plays a key role in the effective removal of excessive and defective germ cells, which is essential for sequential hermaphroditism and sex change in vertebrates. The ricefield eel

New developments in sequencing technology and nucleotide analysis have allowed us to make great advances in reconstructing anuran phylogeny. As a clade of representative amphibians that have radiated from aquatic to arboreal habitats, our understanding of the systematic status and molecular biology of rhacophorid tree frogs is still limited. We determined two new mitogenomes for the genus

Background An increasing number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play important roles in sex differentiation and gonad development by regulating gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The ricefield eel, Monopterus albus, is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish that undergoes a sequential sex change from female to male. However, the roles of lncRNA in the sex change is unclear. Results Herein, we performed RNA sequencing to analyse lncRNA expression patterns in five different stages of M. albus development to investigate the roles of lncRNAs in the sex change process. A total of 12,746 lncRNAs (1503 known lncRNAs and 11,243 new lncRNAs) and 2901 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were identified in the gonads. The target genes of the DE-lncRNAs included foxo1, foxm1, smad3, foxr1, camk4, ar and tgfb3, which were mainly enriched in signalling pathways related to gonadal development, such as the insulin signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, and calcium signalling pathway. We selected 5 highly expressed DE-lncRNAs (LOC109952131, LOC109953466, LOC109954337, LOC109954360 and LOC109958454) for full length amplification and expression pattern verification. They were all expressed at higher levels in ovaries and intersex gonads than in testes, and exhibited specific time-dependent expression in ovarian tissue incubated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and a dual-luciferase assay showed that znf207, as the gene targeted by LOC109958454, was expressed in multiple tissues and gonadal developmental stages of M. albus, and its expression was also inhibited by the hormones FSH and hCG. Conclusions These results provide new insights into the role of lncRNAs in gonad development, especially regarding natural sex changes in fish, which will be useful for enhancing our understanding of sequential hermaphroditism and sex changes in the ricefield eel (M. albus) and other teleosts.

Nutrition during the developmental stages has long-term effects on adult physiology, disease and lifespan, and is termed nutritional programming. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of nutritional programming are not yet well understood. In this study, we showed that developmental diets could regulate the lifespan of adult Drosophila in a way that interacts with various adult diets during development and adulthood. Importantly, we demonstrated that a developmental low-yeast diet (0.2SY) extended both the health span and lifespan of male flies under nutrient-replete conditions in adulthood through nutritional programming. Males with a low-yeast diets during developmental stages had a better resistance to starvation and lessened decline of climbing ability with age in adulthood. Critically, we revealed that the activity of the Drosophila transcription factor FOXO (dFOXO) was upregulated in adult males under developmental low-nutrient conditions. The knockdown of dFOXO, with both ubiquitous and fat-body-specific patterns, can completely abolish the lifespan-extending effect from the larval low-yeast diet. Ultimately, we identify that the developmental diet achieved the nutritional programming of the lifespan of adult males by modulating the activity of dFOXO in Drosophila. Together, these results provide molecular evidence that the nutrition in the early life of animals could program the health of their later life and their longevity.

tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are derived from tRNA and include tRNA halves (tiRNAs) and tRNA fragments (tRFs). tsRNAs have been implicated in a variety of important biological functions, such as cell growth, transcriptional regulation, and apoptosis. Emerging evidence has shown that Ago1-guided and Ago2-guided tsRNAs are expressed at 3 and 30 days in Drosophila and that tRF biogenesis in fruit flies affects tRNA processing and tRNA methylation. However, a wide analysis of tsRNA patterns in different ages of Drosophila have not been reported via the small RNA sequencing method. In the present study, tsRNAs of young (7 days) and old (42 days) Drosophila were sequenced and their expression characteristics were analysed. Then, a specific tRF (named tRF-Trp-CCA-014) was determined and was found to be conserved in fruit flies, mice, and humans. The expression patterns of tRF-Trp-CCA-014 in different tissues and stages of fruit flies and mice, and mouse NIH/3T3 cells were detected. Furthermore, mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells were used as a model to analyse the function and targets of tRF-Trp-CCA-014. The RNA-seq data of six groups (Mimics, Mimic NC, Inhibitors, Inhibitor NC, Aging (adriamycin), and Control (Normal)) in mouse NIH3T3 cells were analysed. The results showed that the number of tsRNAs at 42 days (417) was more than at 7 days (288); thus, it was enriched with age. tRFs-1 were the most enriched, followed by 5′-tRFs and 3′-tRFs. Twenty-one differentially expressed tsRNAs were identified between 7 days and 42 days. Then, the conserved tRF tRF-Trp-CCA-014 was identified and found to accumulate in aged fruit flies and aged mouse NIH3T3 cells. RNA-seq data showed that most differentially expressed genes were involved in the immune system, cancer: overview, and signal translation. Furthermore, tRF-Trp-CCA-014 was found to bind to the 3′UTR of H3C4 in a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. tRF-Trp-CCA-014 and H3C4 were detected in the cytoplasm of aged NIH3T3 cells by RNA in situ hybridization. These results suggest that the H3C4 gene is the target of tRF-Trp-CCA-014. This study will advance the current understanding of tRF roles and their implication in Drosophila and mouse studies.

Drugs or compounds have been shown to promote longevity in various approaches. We used Drosophila to explore novel natural compounds can be applied to anti-aging. Here we reported that a flavonoid named Dihydromyricetin can increase stress that tolerance and lipid levels, slow down gut dysfunction and extend Drosophila lifespan. Dihydromyricetin can also lessen pERK and pAKT signaling, consequently activating FOXO and AOP to modulate longevity. Our results suggested that DHM could be used as an effective compound for anti-aging intervention, which could likely be applied to both mammals and humans.

Diffuse invasion is a hall mark of glioblastoma (GB) and one of the primary causes of poor clinical outcomes in GBM patients. Tumor cells migrate deep into the normal brain tissues are frequently protected by the BBB, making them particularly difficult to treat. New therapeutic targets are needed. Our previous studies using spatially dissected and functionally validated matching pairs of invasive and tumor core GBM cells identified KCNA1 as a shared gene that is selectively over-expressed in the invasive GBM cells in 6 patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models of pediatric GBM (Huang YL et al, Adv Science 2021). A subsequent analysis of adult GBM RNAseq data from IVY Atlas revealed a significantly elevated expression of KCNA1 (4.9 fold) in the invasive edges of patient GBM tumors. It is also one of the 11 core molecules identified in GEO and TCGA databases through an integrated bioinformatic analysis (Yang J, Front Onc 2021). To determine the anti-invasive activities of targeting KCNA1, we treated three highly invasive adult GBM PDOX models with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), an old lipid soluble drug that easily penetrate the BBB, at 5 mg/kg, i.p., 5 days/week for 8 weeks acing alone or in combination with fractionated radiation (at 2 Gy/day x days). As single agent, 4-AP significantly extended median animal survival times in 1/3 GBM models (69 to 77 days, P = 0.033). Combination with XRT did not significantly improve the animal survival times in the three models. Systematic analysis of GBM invasion in mouse brains of the 3 PDOX models before, during and after 4-AP treatment revealed remarkable inhibition of tumor invasion. Our data highlighted the role of KCNA1 in promoting GBM invasion and support the fine tuning of 4-AP dose, schedule, and length of treatment to serve as a novel component of anti-GBM invasion therapies.

Slow lorises are small arboreal and nocturnal primates. Due to the illegal trade, a large number of slow lorises were confiscated into wildlife sanctuaries or rescue centers. The re-release has been considered a preferable approach for alleviating the captive pressure, but inappropriate and long-term confinement make it difficult to achieve this goal. In this study, we investigated and compared the fecal and oral microbiome of Bengal slow lorises (Nycticebus bengalensis) under long-term captivity (LC) and short-term captivity (SC) groups based on 16s rRNA high-throughput gene sequencing. The oral microbiome displayed higher Chao1 richness but lower Shannon and Simpson indices than the fecal microbiome. The Bengal slow lorises under long-term captivity had abundant pathogenic genera in both gut and oral microbiomes, such as Desulfovibrio, Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Neisseria, and Fusobacterium, while some specific bacterial taxa associated with intestinal balance were more enriched in the SC group. Due to the plant gum scarcity in the diet, both groups had a low abundance of Bifidobacterium. Function profile prediction indicated that the LC group was enriched with genetic information processing and metabolism pathways due to the stable food intake. The increased membrane transport and xenobiotic metabolism and degradation functions in the SC group could be explained by the function of the host microbiome in facilitating adaptation to changing environments and diets. The results demonstrated that the oral microbiome had the potential to be used as a regular surveillance tool. Also, current captive management should be improved to ensure reintroduction success.

Novel small molecule compounds based on various scaffolds including chalcone, flavonoid, and resorcinol dibenzyl ether were designed and tested for their inhibitory activity against the Programmed Cell Death-1/Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway. Among them, compound

Gastrointestinal microbiome plays an important role in animal metabolism, immune system and pathology associated with health and disease. Many wild slow lorises were confiscated from illegal trade into captivities and experienced a range of changes in living environment and diet. Microbiome analysis contributes to improving captive management by identifying the alteration in their gastrointestinal microbial communities and aiding in determining the factors affecting the health of captive slow lorises. The fecal samples of eighteen Bengal slow lorises (Nycticebus bengalensis) were used to compare gut microbiota from four rescue centers located in Dehong, Gejiu, Nanning and Puer cities of China. The results showed a significant site-dependent difference in microbial community diversity. Similar to other Lorisinae species, the Phyla including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominated their gut microbiome composition. The Gejiu group exhibited a higher overall diversity and the unique OTUs, which is resulted from long-term isolated husbandry and heavy human disturbances. The scarcity of gums in the captive diet was likely to cause a lower abundance of Prevotella associated with soluble fiber degradation. The variation of intestinal microbiota in different environments highlights the necessity to improve feed preparation and husbandry management for the captive Bengal slow lorises.

Smad2, a receptor-activated Smad, plays a critical role in regulating gametogenesis. In this study, a smad2 homologue was identified and sequenced from ricefield eel ovary cDNA, and its mRNA and protein expression levels were analysed during oocyte development. The cDNA sequence of ricefield eel smad2 consisted of 1863 bp encoding a 467-amino acid protein that had high sequence homology with Smad proteins in other teleosts, especially in Poeciliopsis prolifica. The results of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that smad2 is expressed in the ovary during gonad development, increased continuously until the early vitellogenic stage in the ovaries, and then decreased with ovary maturation. Smad2 protein immunoreactivity was localized in the cytoplasm of follicular cells, oogonia, and primary growth stage oocytes. In vitro experiments revealed that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) promoted smad2 expression in ovary tissue in a time- and dose-dependent manner, respectively. In summary, Smad2 plays a potentially vital role in ricefield eel ovary development.

Biodiversity is threatened by several factors that are often associated with overfishing, water pollution and hydroelectric dams, among other environmental impacts. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic aspects of wild groups of Ancherythroculter nigrocauda using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coI) and cytochrome b (cytb) genes and the d-loop region. We collected 89 representative individuals from three geographically distinct ranges of the Upper Yangtze River, including the Longxi River (LOR), Laixi River (LAR), and Hejiang range of the Yangtze River (HJ). The genetic analysis results showed that the three populations of A. nigrocauda had high levels of haplotype diversity (0.3434-0.951) and low levels of nucleotide diversity (0.00074-0.00412) based on the single gene sequences and the combination of gene sequences. Haplotype genealogy showed that only one haplotype (Hap-2) was shared by these three geographic groups, and 2-3 were shared by two groups; the other haplotypes were group-specific. The genetic distance within and between the populations was low; however, most of the molecular variance came from within the populations. Furthermore, high gene flow (>1.0) was found in HJ vs LOR and HJ vs LAR based on the d-loop region sequence and combination. These results suggested that there was a decrease in the degree of A. nigrocauda genetic diversity in the upper Yangtze River, and the genetic protection of the populations should be highlighted in the future.

To understand the characteristics of the fish community structure and biomass particle-size spectrum in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, fish and environmental surveys were conducted in 21 segments of the upper reaches of the Jinsha River in September 2019 and June 2020. A total of 4062 fish belonging to 2 orders, 5 families, 18 genera, and 28 species were collected. Among them, Cyprinidae fish were the most abundant (14 species), accounting for 50.00%. The Shannon index and Pielou evenness index values varied from 0.402–1.770 and 0.254–0.680, respectively. The dominant species of fish were Triplophysa stenura, Schizothorax wangchiachii, and Schizopygopsis malacanthus. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to analyse the relationship between the fish community and environmental factors. Velocity, altitude, and dissolved oxygen were the main influencing factors of fish community structure differences in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River. The abundance/biomass curves showed that the fish communities in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River were moderately or severely disturbed. The standardized biomass particle-size spectrum of fish showed that the degree of disturbance of fish in tributaries was much lower than that in the main stream. Compared with the historical data, the fish community structure in the Jinsha River has changed significantly, with the number of exotic species increasing, and the individual fish showing miniaturization and younger ages. It is suggested that habitat conservation strategies be adopted in the upper tributaries of the Jinsha River to provide a reference for the restoration of fishery resources and the conservation of fish diversity in the Yangtze River.

Identifying ways to deal with the challenges presented by aging is an urgent task, as we are facing an aging society. External factors such as diet, exercise and drug therapy have proven to be major elements in controlling healthy aging and prolonging life expectancy. More recently, the intestinal microbiota has also become a key factor in the anti-aging process. As the intestinal microbiota changes with aging, an imbalance in intestinal microorganisms can lead to many age-related degenerative diseases and unhealthy aging. This paper reviews recent research progress on the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and anti-aging effects, focusing on the changes and beneficial effects of intestinal microorganisms under dietary intervention, exercise and drug intervention. In addition, bacteriotherapy has been used to prevent frailty and unhealthy aging. Most of these anti-aging approaches improve the aging process and age-related diseases by regulating the homeostasis of intestinal flora and promoting a healthy intestinal environment. Intervention practices based on intestinal microorganisms show great potential in the field of anti-aging medicine.

Aging is a process involving physiological changes that lead to the decline of biological functions of various tissues and organs of the body. Therefore, it is crucial to find anti-aging drugs that can intervene with the changes induced because of aging and slow down the degeneration of the biological functions. Among many signaling pathways linked with aging and aging-related diseases, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway has attracted major attention in aging biology. In this research paper, we have demonstrated that AKT inhibitor GSK690693 can extend lifespan in Drosophila irrespective of start of the treatment from the beginning of life or the mid-life. Effect of GSK690693 for lifespan extension has been primarily related to the improvements in oxidative resistance, intestinal integrity and increased autophagy, but not in physical activity or starvation resistance. Furthermore, GSK690693 treatment reduced the activation of AKT and ERK, consequently activating FOXO, GSK-3β and apoptosis to modulate longevity of flies. Remarkably, GSK690693 did not induce hyperglycemia after treatment. The results indicate that GSK690693 may become an effective compound for anti-aging intervention.

Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression without changing the DNA sequence - a change in phenotype without a change in genotype. Epigenetic abnormalities can lead to serious diseases such as cancer in organisms. Histone methylation is one of the several manifestations of epigenetics, and requires specific enzymes to catalyze, for example, G9a, which is a histone methyl transferase. G9a catalyzes the methylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27). In addition, G9a also plays an essential role in DNA replication, damage and repair, and gene expression by regulating DNA methylation. Moreover, G9a has been found to be overexpressed in many tumor cells and is associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. Because of its unique characteristics, G9a has become a very promising target for anti-cancer agents. Over the last decade, dozens of G9a inhibitors have been discovered as potential anticancer therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize and classify current G9a inhibitors, the challenges and future direction are also discussed in detail.

Type Ia group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the major causes of fatal infections in neonates. Its extracellular capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is a useful target for the development of anti-type Ia GBS vaccines. To explore the structure-activity relationships of type Ia GBS CPS and design more effective vaccines, a dimer of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of this CPS was synthesized by a highly convergent strategy highlighted by constructing the key intermediate via one-pot iterative glycosylation and imposing two side chains in one step via dual glycosylation. This represented the first total synthesis of a dimer of the repeating unit of any GBS CPS reported so far and the strategy should be applicable to higher oligomers of this repeating unit. The synthetic dimer and its monomeric analog were coupled with CRM197 carrier protein to generate conjugates that were evaluated in mice. Immunological results revealed that both carbohydrate antigens could induce robust total and IgG antibody responses and the elicited antibodies were cross-reactive with both carbohydrate antigens. It was concluded that both the monomeric and the dimeric repeating units may be employed as haptens for anti-type Ia GBS vaccine development.

Translocation of RNA across the nuclear envelope relies on transport receptors. Receptor nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2)-like export protein 1 (NXT1 [also called p15 or p15-1]) shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm of metazoan cells and contributes to the nuclear export of a diverse spectrum of RNAs. NXT2 (also called p15-2), a paralog of NXT1 in eutherians, also has implications for RNA nuclear export. A comprehensive description is currently lacking as to the genetic signature of these molecules. In this study, we analyzed genetic changes in the NXT1 and NXT2 genes in primates and murine rodents, including the commonly used model organisms Macaca spp., Mus musculus, and Rattus norvegicus. The results show that NXT1 has been subject to functional constraints in both phylogenetic lineages. Conversely, NXT2 exhibits discrepant patterns of genetic changes between these taxa. Murine NXT2 has evolved conservatively; by contrast, adaptive selection has frequently contributed to genetic changes in primate NXT2. The genetic discrepancy of the NXT2 orthologs leads to the suggestion that they had experienced quite different evolutionary fates potentially constituting different functional implementations in these taxa. These findings raise awareness of further study on different organisms to comprehensively understand their functional characteristics.

Background The microbiota of the female reproductive tract is increasingly recognized as playing fundamental roles in animal reproduction. To explore the relative contribution of reproductive tract microbiomes to egg production in chickens, we investigated the microbiota in multiple reproductive and digestive tract sites from 128 female layer (egg-producing) chickens in comparable environments. Results We identified substantial differences between the diversity, composition, and predicted function of site-associated microbiota. Differences in reproductive tract microbiota were more strongly associated with egg production than those in the digestive tract. We identified 4 reproductive tract microbial species, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides salanitronis, Bacteroides barnesiae, and Clostridium leptum, that were related to immune function and potentially contribute to enhanced egg production. Conclusions These findings provide insights into the diverse microbiota characteristics of reproductive and digestive tracts and may help in designing strategies for controlling and manipulating chicken reproductive tract microbiota to improve egg production.

Background As Drosophila is a classic model organism, understanding of the regulatory networks has great significance in revealing the genetic mechanisms of ageing and human diseases. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-mediated regulation is an important mechanism of circular RNA (circRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) regulation in ageing and age-related disease. However, extensive analyses of the multi-omics (circRNA/miRNA/mRNA, lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA, and mRNA/protein) characteristics of adult Drosophila ageing have not been reported. Our results determine the ceRNA networks and the mRNA/protein correlations of key differentially expressed genes in adult Drosophila aging, and provide a solid foundation for understanding mechanisms of human ageing and ageing-related diseases. Results Here, differentially expressed circRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) between 7 and 42 day old Drosophila were screened and identified. Then, the differentially expressed mRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and proteins between day 7 and day 42 were used to analyse fly age-related circRNA/miRNA/mRNA and lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks and the mRNA/protein correlation in Drosophila ageing. Several key ceRNA networks were identified, such as the circ_0006913/miR-985-3p/Abl, circ_0009500/miR-14-5p/SERCA, XLOC_100429/miR-14-5p/SERCA, and XLOC_100429/miR-14-5p/Vha100-4 networks. Subsequently, 16 pairs of differentially expressed interacting mRNAs/proteins were found, including 10 pairs with the same expression trends and 6 pairs with the opposite expression trends. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to verify the expression level of those genes. Conclusions The discovery of these ceRNA networks and the mRNA/protein correlations in adult Drosophila ageing will provide new information for research on human ageing and age-related disease.

Simple Summary Schizothorax prenanti, known as the ya-fish, is mainly distributed in regions adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and is an endemic fish species with great economic importance in aquaculture in Western China. In the present study, we were aimed to explore the functions of ALK5 and BMPR2 during the gonadal development of S. prenanti. Our results suggest that ALK5 and BMPR2 may play a potentially vital role in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti. Abstract TGF-β receptors play important roles in mediating TGF-β signals during gonadal development. To identify the functions of TGF-β receptors, including the type I receptor (activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5) and type II receptor (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2, BMPR2), during the gonadal development of S. prenanti, the full-length cDNA sequences of ALK5 and BMPR2 were isolated and characterized. Their expression patterns in developing gonads and in the gonads of exogenous estradiol (E2) -fed fish were analyzed. The cDNAs of ALK5 and BMPR2 were 1925 bp and 3704 bp in length and encoded 501 and 1070 amino acid residues, respectively. ALK5 and BMPR2 were mostly expressed in gonads, particularly in cortical alveoli stage ovaries and mid-spermatogenic stage testes; however, the overall level of BMPR2 mRNA was higher than that of ALK5 during gonadal development. Furthermore, immunohistochemical signals of ALK5 and BMPR2 were mostly detected at chromatin nucleolar oocytes and perinuclear oocytes in ovaries and at spermatocytes and spermatogonia in testes. Exogenous E2 induces the gonadal expression of ALK5 and BMPR2, and BMPR2 is more responsive to E2 than ALK5. These results suggest that ALK5 and BMPR2 might play a potentially vital role in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti.

The complete mitochondrial of Cynops cyanurus cyanurus was determined by using Sanger sequencing and the mitogenome size of C. c. cyanurus was 16,465 bp. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, 1 control region (D-loop) and a non-coding region (NC). In addition, the phylogenetic tree shows that C. c. cyanurus has the closest relationship with C. c. chuxiongensis. Hoping this study can improve our understanding of the species evolutionary relationship of Cynops.

Cynops cyanurus chuxiongensis is distributed in Yunnan plateau. In this paper, we sequenced and determined the complete mitochondrial genome of C. c. chuxiongensis. The assembled mitogenome is 16,465 bp in length and encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA genes (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), and one control region (D-loop). The phylogenetic trees indicated C. c. chuxiongensis (KY418068) has the closest relationship with C. orientalis + C. orphicus, and clustered within the clade of genus Cynops.

The short pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP) are a family of pattern-recognition molecules that play versatile roles in innate immunity and inflammation. A comprehensive description is currently lacking as to the genetic characteristics of these molecules in primates. In the present study, we analyzed genetic changes of CRP and SAP genes in this phylogenic lineage. The results revealed that adaptive selection has brought about interspecific diversities of both genes. The adaptively selected amino acid changes have occurred in or adjacent to the structural domains involved in ligand- and effector-binding and homologous aggregation. Each gene, however, exhibits a striking lack of genetic variation in both commonly-used non-human primate models Macaca fascicularis and M. mulatta. These findings highlight basic facts on the genetic characteristics of primate short pentraxins and would contribute powerfully to the extrapolation of their functional insights and physiological outcomes from primate models to humans.

Ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation is the selective degradation of diverse forms of damaged proteins that are tagged with ubiquitin, while deubiquitinating enzymes reverse ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation by removing the ubiquitin chain from the target protein. The interactions of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes are required to maintain protein homeostasis. The ubiquitin-specific protease USP7 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that indirectly plays a role in repairing DNA damage and development. However, the mechanism of its participation in aging has not been fully explored. Regarding this issue, we found that USP7 was necessary to maintain the normal lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster, and knockdown of dusp7 shortened the lifespan and reduced the ability of Drosophila to cope with starvation, oxidative stress and heat stress. Furthermore, we showed that the ability of USP7 to regulate aging depends on the autophagy and ubiquitin signaling pathways. Furthermore, 2,5-dimethyl-celecoxib (DMC), a derivative of celecoxib, can partially restore the shortened lifespan and aberrant phenotypes caused by dusp7 knockdown. Our results suggest that USP7 is an important factor involved in the regulation of aging, and related components in this regulatory pathway may become new targets for anti-aging treatments.

Background: Psoroptes cuniculi is a global common ectoparasite of wild and domestic rabbits and causes an economically devastating loss and serious welfare issues of commercial rabbit husbandry. Serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) is present in almost all organisms that are involved in host-pathogen interactions, inflammatory responses, and reproductive development, etc. However, the research on P. cuniculi serpins is still limited.Methods: In this study, two serpin genes of P. cuniculi (Pso c 27 and PsoSP2 cDNAs) were cloned, and the molecular characterization was analyzed. The transcriptional profiles and tissue localization of these two serpins in P. cuniculi were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The potential function of recombinant Pso c 27 and PsoSP2 (rPso c 27and rPsoSP2) in the serodiagnosis of P. cuniculi infestation in rabbits were evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Results: Both of the 523 residue Pso c 27 and the 240 residue PsoSP2 proteins contained typical serpin domains and signatures. Both Pso c 27and PsoSP2 cDNAs expressed throughout the life-cycle, more specifically, significantly higher expression in female mites than the larva, nymph, and male mites (Pso c 27, F(3, 8) = 1935.953, P < 0.0001; PsoSP2, F(3, 8) = 660.669, P < 0.0001). The native Pso c 27 and PsoSP2 localized in ovary and mouthpart of adult female mites, respectively. Compared to rPsoSP2, the rPso c 27 displayed better diagnostic efficiency with higher values of sensitivity, specificity and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (rPso c 27 vs rPsoSP2: 96.0 vs 90.0%; 90.91 vs 78.18%; 0.988 vs 0.964, respectively). Moreover, the rPso c 27 showed seropositive in 80% rabbits as early as the 2 weeks post-infestation (p.i.), prior to visible clinical signs and microscopy-positive of skin scrapings. Conclusions: These results suggested that these two serpins may play essential roles in reproductive development, serum-feeding, and pathogenicity of P. cuniculi. Compared to PsoSP2, Pso c 27 appeared as a potential antigen for serodiagnosis of P. cuniculi infestation in rabbits, especially at the early stage of infestation.

Background: Psoroptes ovis a common ectoparasite of wild and domestic animals, leads to cutaneous inflammation, extreme pruritus, scaly lesions, and causes an economically devastating loss of animal husbandry and animal welfare issues. Serine proteinase inhibitor (Serpin) is present in almost all organisms that are involved in host-pathogen interactions, inflammatory responses, and reproductive development, etc. However, the research on P. ovis serpins is still limited.Methods: In this study, two serpins of P. ovis (PsoSP1 and PsoSP2) were cloned, and the molecular characterization was analyzed by bioinformatics. The transcriptional profiles and tissue localization of PsoSP1 and PsoSP2 in P. ovis were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The potential function of recombinant PsoSP1 and PsoSP2 (rPsoSP1 and rPsoSP2) in the serodiagnosis of P. ovis infestation in rabbits were evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Results: Both of the 523 residue PsoSP1 and the 240 residue PsoSP2 proteins contained typical serpin domains and signatures. Both PsoSP1 and PsoSP2 expressed throughout the life cycle, more specifically, significantly higher expression in female mites than the larva, nymph, and male mites (p < 0.001). The native PsoSP1 and PsoSP2 proteins localized in ovary and mouthpart of adult female mites, respectively. Compared to rPsoSP2, the rPsoSP1 displayed better diagnostic efficiency with higher values of sensitivity, specificity and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) than rPsoSP1 by iELISA (rPsoSP1 - rPsoSP2: 96.0% - 90.0%; 90.91% - 78.18%; 0.988 - 0.964, respectively). Moreover, the rPsoSP1 showed seropositive in 80% rabbits as early as the 2nd week post-infestation (p.i.), prior to visible clinical signs and microscopy-positive of skin scrapings. Conclusions: These results suggested that these two serpins may play essential roles in reproductive development, blood-feeding, and pathogenicity of P. ovis. Compared to PsoSP2, PsoSP1 appeared as a potential antigen for serodiagnosis of P. ovis infestation in rabbits, especially at the early stage of infestation.

Siva1, which induces extensive apoptosis, has been well characterized. To elucidate the molecular function of Siva1 in ricefield eel, molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis were performed, and the mRNA expression in the ovary at different developmental stages and ovary tissues exposed to H2O2 and Z-VAD-FMK in vitro were also evaluated. The results indicated that ricefield eel Siva1 was highly conserved and contains three conserved motifs, despite 83 amino acid differences upstream of the initiation codon. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that ricefield eel Siva1 clusters together with the Siva1 protein of the other fish, with high sequence homology with that of Lates calcarifer. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed high siva1 expression levels in the ovary and low expression levels in the liver. The higher mRNA levels of siva1 were detected in the IE and IM, and the lower siva1 mRNA levels were found in the OM, IL, and TE during gonadal development. Additionally, siva1 expression levels in the ovarian tissues were significantly increased at 1 h post incubation (hpi) with H2O2 and then significantly decreased at 2 hpi; however, siva1 expression was upregulated significantly at 4 and 8 hpi, similar to the patterns observed with caspase3, which was used as a molecular marker of apoptosis. Moreover, the siva1 mRNAs were elevated significantly than that in control groups at 1 hpi, but the expression of siva1 was down-regulated dramatically at 2, 4, and 8 hpi, which were similar with that of caspase3 expression profiles after Z-VAD-FMK incubation. What’s more, Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed strongly positive relationships between siva1 and caspase3. These findings suggest that Siva1 plays an important apoptosis role in gonadal development of ricefield eel.

Background: The microbiota of the digestive and reproductive systems has a prominent role in animal health and performance, but the extent of its contribution is difficult to determine. In chickens, the effect of host genetics on the reproductive and digestive tract microbiota is unclear, and the means by which digestive/reproductive microbiomes help improve egg production in chicken are unknown.Results: To gain insight into this, we examined genomes from 128 chickens reared under identical conditions and described their digestive (crop, gizzard and small intestine) and reproductive tract (vagina, uterus and isthmus) microbiota. Although the diversity, composition and predicted function of the digestive and reproductive tract microbiota exhibited notable microbiota variation substantially between different parts, host genetics had limited effects on the reproductive and digestive tract microbial community. The digestive and reproductive tract microbiota had a significant effect on egg production (accounting for 52.31% - 98.86% of the variance), after correcting for host genetic effects; in particular, the uterus and isthmus microbiota accounted for an average of 93.59% and 98.86%, respectively, of variance in egg production. We further identified four reproductive tract microbial species which were related to immune system, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides salanitronis, Bacteroides barnesiae and Clostridium leptum, that were significantly positively correlated with egg production. Chickens with a lower abundance of these species had produced significantly fewer eggs at 300 days of age (37.13 vs. 113.75) than those with a higher abundance of these microorganisms. These taxa indicate potential roles play in promoting reproductive performance. Especially uterus and isthmus tract microbiota were major factors in regulating the chicken egg production.Conclusions: Host genetics has limited effect on digestive/reproductive microbiome composition. The distinct site-associated chicken microbiome may be determined by the differences of their physical function. These findings may help design strategies for controlling and altering the digestive/reproductive tract microbiota in chickens to improve egg production.

Type Ia group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the major causes of fatal infections in neonates. Its extracellular capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is a useful target for the development of anti-type Ia GBS vaccines. To explore the structure-activity relationships of type Ia GBS CPS and design more effective vaccines, a dimer of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit of this CPS was synthesized by a highly convergent strategy highlighted by constructing the key intermediate via one-pot iterative glycosylation and imposing two side chains in one step via dual glycosylation. This represented the first total synthesis of a dimer of the repeating unit of any GBS CPS reported so far and the strategy should be applicable to higher oligomers of this repeating unit. The synthetic dimer and its monomeric analog were coupled with CRM(197) carrier protein to generate conjugates that were evaluated in mice. Immunological results revealed that both carbohydrate antigens could induce robust total and IgG antibody responses and the elicited antibodies were cross-reactive with both carbohydrate antigens. It was concluded that both the monomeric and the dimeric repeating units may be employed as haptens for anti-type Ia GBS vaccine development.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis regulates the breeding process cycle of laying hens. However, the key regulatory genes of the HPO axis and pathways that drive chicken egg laying performance remain elusive. A total of 856 Chinese Luhua chicken was raised and the highest two hundred and the lowest two hundred chicken egg production were considered as high egg production (HEP) and low egg production (LEP) according to the total egg number at 300 days of age, respectively. RNA-seq sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted to explore the chicken transcriptome from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovary tissue of 6 Chinese Luhua chicken with 3 high and low-rate egg production. In total, 76.09 Gb RNA-seq sequences were generated from 15 libraries with an average of 5.07 Gb for each library. Further analysis showed that 414, 356 and 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in pituitary gland, ovary and hypothalamus between HEP and LEP chickens, respectively. In pituitary gland, DEGs were involve in regulation of cellular glucose homeostasis, Ras protein signal transduction, negative regulation of hormone secretion. In Ovary DEGs were mainly involved in embryonic organ development, regulation of canonical Wnt signaling, response to peptide hormone. Our study identified DEGs that regulate mTOR signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Tryptophan metabolism and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways at HPO-axis in laying hens. These important data contribute to improve our understanding of reproductive biology of chicken and isolating effective molecular markers that can be used for genetic selection in Chinese domestic Luhua chicken.

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) plays pivotal roles in regulating follicular development in many mammalian species. In the present study, the full-length Schizothorax prenanti gdf9 cDNA sequence was isolated and characterized, and its expression pattern in developing gonads and in the gonads of exogenous oestradiol (E2)-fed fish were analysed. The S. prenanti gdf9 cDNA sequence consisted of 1958 base pairs (bp), encoded a 413 amino acid, and showed high sequence similarity with Carassius gibelio and Cyprinus carpio. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that gdf9 was mainly expressed in the gonads, with particularly high expression in the cortical alveoli stage ovary and late-spermatogenic stage testis. Immunohistochemical signals for Gdf9 were mainly detected in chromatin nucleolar oocytes, spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Furthermore, the gonadal expression of gdf9 induced by exogenous E2 was related to the feeding time and dose. Taken together, these findings were helpful to gain a better understanding of the role of Gdf9 in both folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis in S. prenanti.

Drugs or compounds have been shown to promote longevity in various approaches. We used Drosophila to explore novel natural compounds can be applied to anti-aging. Here we reported that a flavonoid named Dihydromyricetin can increase stress that tolerance and lipid levels, slow down gut dysfunction and extend Drosophila lifespan. Dihydromyricetin can also lessen pERK and pAKT signaling, consequently activating FOXO and AOP to modulate longevity. Our results suggested that DHM could be used as an effective compound for anti-aging intervention, which could likely be applied to both mammals and humans.

MicroRNA (miRNA) is known to be an important regulator of muscle growth and development. The regulation of microRNA on the skeletal muscle phenotype of animals is mainly achieved by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. In this study, we sequenced a total of 60 samples from 15 developing stages of the pectoral muscle and five other tissues at 300 days of Tibetan chicken. We characterized the expression patterns of miRNAs across muscle developmental stages, and found that the chicken growth and development stage was divided into early-embryonic and late-embryonic as well as postnatal stages. We identified 81 and 21 DE-miRNAs by comparing the miRNA profiles of pectoral muscle of three broad periods and different tissues, respectively; and 271 miRNAs showed time-course patterns. Their potential targets were predicted and used for functional enrichment to understand their regulatory functions. Significantly, GgmiRNA-454 is a time-dependent and tissue-differential expression miRNA. In order to elucidate the role of gga-miRNA-454 in the differentiation of myoblasts, we cultured chicken myoblasts in vitro. The results show that although gga-miRNA-454-3p initiates increase and thereafter decrease during the chicken myoblasts differentiation, it had no effect on primary myoblasts proliferation. Furthermore, we confirm that gga-miRNA-454 inhibits myoblast differentiation by targeting the myotube-associated protein SBF2.

The aging of mammals is accompanied by the progressive atrophy of tissues and organs and the accumulation of random damage to macromolecular DNA, protein, and lipids. Flavonoids have excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Recent studies have shown that flavonoids can delay aging and prolong a healthy lifespan by eliminating senescent cells, inhibiting senescence-related secretion phenotypes (SASPs), and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. However, only a few systematic studies have described flavonoids in clinical treatment for anti-aging, which needs to be explored further. This review first highlights the association between aging and macromolecular damage. Then, we discuss advances in the role of flavonoid molecules in prolonging the health span and lifespan of organisms. This study may provide crucial information for drug design and developmental and clinical applications based on flavonoids.

p62 (also known as SQSTM1) is widely used as a predictor of autophagic flux, a process that allows the degradation of harmful and unnecessary components through lysosomes to maintain protein homeostasis in cells. p62 is also a stress-induced scaffold protein that resists oxidative stress. The multiple domains in its structure allow it to be connected with a variety of vital signalling pathways, autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), allowing p62 to play important roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis and survival. Recent studies have shown that p62 is also directly or indirectly involved in the ageing process. In this review, we summarize in detail the process by which p62 regulates ageing from multiple ageing-related signs with the aim of providing new insight for the study of p62 in ageing.

Biodiversity is threatened by several factors that are often associated with overfishing, water pollution and hydroelectric dams, among other environmental impacts. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic aspects of wild groups of

The proteins P53 and Mdm2 (murine double minute 2) play a prominent role in preventing the induction of uncontrolled apoptosis in numerous cell types. To better understand their potential roles during gonadal development in Monopterus albus, p53 and mdm2 homologues were isolated and characterized, and their mRNA expression patterns in developing gonadal and ovarian tissue incubated with H2O2 in vitro were analysed. The open reading frames (ORFs) of p53 and mdm2 consisted of 1125 and 1497 base pairs (bp), respectively. A multiple amino acid residue alignment analysis showed that p53 and Mdm2 harboured the typical conserved domains of their gene families. Phylogenetic analysis also demonstrated that the Mdm2 of M. albus exhibited high sequence similarity with Lates calcarifer; however, the p53 sequences of the Neoteleostei, including M. albus, were distinct from those of the Euteleostei and other vertebrates. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that p53 and mdm2 were mainly expressed in the ovary; their expression was significantly increased in the previtellogenic stage, was maintained at the increased level thereafter, showed a second increase in the early intersexual stage, and then decreased with the natural sex change from female to male. After incubation with H2O2, the expression patterns of p53 and mdm2 in ovarian fragments were similar to that of the apoptotic molecular marker caspase3, showing a significant increase at 1 h post incubation (hpi), a decrease after 2 hpi, and then a return to significantly upregulated levels at 4 hpi and 8 hpi. In addition, p53, mdm2 and caspase3 were strongly correlated. These results will be useful for further studies on the function and regulation of p53 and Mdm2 during gonadal development in Monopterus albus, particularly in the ovary.

We aimed to investigate the influence of miR-133b/fibrillin 1 (FBN1) on proliferation and invasion of human gastric cancer (GC) cells. Carcinomatous and adjacent tissues of 43 GC patients, normal gastric mucosa cell line GES-1 and GC cell lines including AGS, HGC-27, KATO III, NCI-N87, SGC-7901, MKN-45 and MGC-803 were collected. Then, the expressions of miR-133b and FBN1 were detected by qRT-PCR. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to determine the targeting relationship between miR-133b and FBN1.The protein expression levels of FBN1, β-catenin, Cyclin D1, C-myc and MMP-7 were detected by Western Blot. Furthermore, the cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion ability were measured by CCK-8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively. MiR-133b was down-regulated in GC tissues and cells compared with adjacent tissues and normal cells. Conversely, FBN1 was up-regulated in GC tissues and cells in contrast with adjacent tissues and normal cells. MGC-803 and MKN-45 cell lines were chosen to conduct the following assays. The luciferase reporter assay proved that miR-133b directly targeted FBN1. The overexpression of miR-133b and silence of FBN1 could inhibit the cell proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of GC cells, while the influence of down-regulated miR-133b expression and up-regulated FBN1 expression were quite the contrary. Compared with NC group, in the miR-133b mimics group, the expression of β-catenin, N-cadherin and Wnt1 of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway increased, while the expressions of E-cadherin decreased. MiR-133b inhibits the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of GC cells by increasing FBN1 expression.