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BackgroundAdopting contraception on time is a critical intervention for postpartum women, but violence exposure around pregnancy may interfere with postpartum contraceptive use behaviors. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the time duration of the first modern contraceptive adoption and its individual-and community-level predictors among postpartum women in the Wolaita zone, South Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based prospective follow-up study was conducted among 1,292 postpartum women nested in 38 “Kebles” (clusters) using multistage-clustered sampling techniques. A multilevel Weibull regression model was employed to investigate predictors of time-to-method initiation after childbirth using STATA Version 14. Kaplan-Meier curve and Wilcoxon log-rank test were used to estimate time-to-modern contraceptive use across different variables. All variables with p-values ResultsOf the respondents, 62% (95% CI: 59.1–64.5) had started the first modern contraception within a year after childbirth. The restricted mean survival time-to-postpartum modern contraceptive use was 6.28 months. Being a rural dweller (aTR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.06–1.99) and living in the middle household wealth quintiles (aTR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02–1.19) predicted longer time duration to adopt first modern contraception by 44 and 10%, respectively. The women from the community with a high early marriage (aTR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01–1.28) took longer time to initiate modern postpartum methods. Furthermore, women who had no history of perinatal abuse took less time than those who had a history of abuse to start postpartum contraception (aTR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.66–0.78).ConclusionRural residence, poor household wealth status, history of perinatal abuse, and a high rate of early marriage in the community are predicted to lengthen the time duration to start modern postpartum contraception. Thus, community-level women's empowerment, particularly among rural women and integration of intimate partner violence screening into family planning counseling throughout the continuum of care will likely to improve postpartum contraception timing.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121211042219 for Effect of maternal near miss on neonatal mortality in selected hospitals: Prospective cohort study, Southeast Ethiopia by Ahmednur Adem Aliyi, Negussie Deyessa and Mengistu Yilma Dilnessie in SAGE Open Medicine

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121211042219 for Effect of maternal near miss on neonatal mortality in selected hospitals: Prospective cohort study, Southeast Ethiopia by Ahmednur Adem Aliyi, Negussie Deyessa and Mengistu Yilma Dilnessie in SAGE Open Medicine

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV), and associated factors, in reproductive-aged women attending psychiatric outpatient departments.DesignCross-sectional facility-based study.SettingOutpatient psychiatric clinics of public hospitals in Addis Ababa.ParticipantsReproductive aged women with chronic mental illness (CMI) who attended follow-up in psychiatric outpatient clinics.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe data were collected using a multi-culturally validated instrument from randomly sampled women with CMI. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with IPV.ResultFour hundred and twenty-two women who were attending the psychiatric outpatient clinics took part in the study. The majority of participants 62.0% (95% CI 56.1 to 68.8) experienced IPV at least once in their lifetime. The most common form of IPV experienced by women was emotional violence (60%; 95% CI 55.0 to 64.7). One hundred and eighty-six (44.1%; (95% CI 39.3 to 48.8)) respondents experienced physical or sexual violence during the last year. A history of divorce (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=5.64; 95% CI 2.75 to 11.56) and having a mental illness for more than 5 years (AOR=2.23; 95% CI 1.26 to 3.93) were associated with any form of IPV.ConclusionThe high prevalence of IPV among women attending psychiatric outpatient services highlights the need to routinely inquire about IPV and develop effective strategies to prevent it among this vulnerable group.

The seriousness in magnitude of physical violence, and lack of information on the dimensions and context of the problem here in Ethiopia, have made this paper to be important. A cross-sectional survey and a focus group discussion were conducted in Meskanena Mareko woreda, South western Ethiopia, for a period of one month with an objective to assess the magnitude and types of physical violence against married women and its associated factors. A total of 673 married women were included in the study. The study found out the overall prevalence of physical violence on married women to be 45.0 % and 9.7 % in their lifetime and last three months, respectively. The type of physical violence most frequently observed was slapping or hitting a woman with a fist, kicking with leg, and hitting with stick or iron bar. The out comes of the physical violence ranged from small laceration to permanent damages. The study has also shown that khat chewing than not chewing (OR= 1.59, 95 % CI: 1.13, 2.23), marriage initiated by family than by self (OR= 1.94, 95 % CI: 1.14, 3.37), having history of parental spousal abuse than don't have (OR= 1.89 95 % CI: 1.37, 2.39), having social confidant than don't have (OR= 1.95, 95 % CI: 1.30, 2.97) and alcoholic than non alcoholic spouses were the most contributing factors to the increase in magnitude of physical violence against married women. We recommend policy makers to be involved to entail the problem and increase public awareness of physical violence and introduce enforcing law and other researchers to carry out an in depth study to identify circumstances of physical violence, what the community regards physical violence and to come up with further analysis in terms of spouses point of view.