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Hóa thạch gỗ được tìm thấy ở nhiều nơi trên lãnh thổ Việt Nam, trong các thành tạo địa chất của các kỷ Devon, Trias, Jura, Creta, Paleogen, Neogen và Đệ tứ. Nguyên thủy, chúng là thực vật thuộc các ngành Thạch tùng (Lycopodiophyta), Dạng dương xỉ (Polypodiophyta), Hạt trần (Gymnospermae) và Hạt kín (Angiospermae). Sau khi chết, thực vật được chôn vùi trong điều kiện đặc biệt và dưới ảnh hưởng của các hoạt động địa chất trên vỏ Trái Đất, hợp phần cơ thể của gỗ được thay thế bằng các khoáng vật như silic, calcedon, opal, mã não, calcit… Ngày nay, hóa thạch gỗ được trưng bày tại nhà, ở công sở, trong bảo tàng, công viên; một số có giá trị mỹ thuật được sử dụng làm trang sức cá nhân. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi giới thiệu những khái niệm cơ bản về hóa thạch gỗ, tuổi địa chất, phương pháp nghiên cứu, giá trị khoa học cũng như mỹ thuật của chúng trên lãnh thổ Việt Nam

Ushbu maqolada Afg‘oniston hududida azaldan o‘nlab iste’dodli shoir va adib o‘zbek adabiyoti rivojiga hissa qo‘shib kelganligi, ammo bu adabiyot umumo‘zbek adabiyoti jarayonlaridan ajralib qolganligi, ijtimoiy, siyosiy, iqtisodiy omillar sabab pashtu va dariy adabiyotlari kabi yozma adabiyot sifatida keng rivoj topa olmagani, faqat XX asrning ikkinchi yarmiga kelib birmuncha jonlangani, o‘zbek millatiga mansub ziyolilar orasidan yetishib chiqqan o‘nlab shoir va adiblar, san’at va madaniyat arboblari yaratgan asarlar mahalliy o‘zbek adabiyoti muhitini shakllantirib, asta-sekin taraqqiy etgani haqida so‘z boradi., In this article, dozens of talented poets and writers have contributed to the development of Uzbek literature in the territory of Afghanistan, but this literature is separated from the processes of all-Uzbek literature, due to social, political, and economic factors, such as Pashto and Dari literature. that it did not develop widely as a written literature, but only revived somewhat in the second half of the 20th century, the works created by dozens of poets and writers, artists and cultural figures who grew up among the intellectuals belonging to the Uzbek nation formed the atmosphere of local Uzbek literature and gradually it is said that it developed slowly.

In western Cornwall production of pottery in the local gabbroic fabric seems to have continued throughout the 5th century. Very small quantities reached sites in north-east Cornwall and south Devon. The date at which pottery use ended in the remainder of Devon cannot be established at present. In the final phase the pottery in use consisted almost entirely of South Devon ware and BB1 from south-east Dorset; at Exeter importation of both wares ceased at about the same time. Changes in the latest coarse ware forms are discussed, and the importance of post-Roman Mediterranean imports in dating the end of the Romano-British industries is highlighted.

Cow Cave is an important Quaternary paleontological site in Chudleigh Gorge, Devon, UK., now known to have a sequence of cave-earths and stalagmite floors that range in age from Upper Middle Pleistocene (~MIS 7 interglacial) through to the Holocene (Flandrian) and the present day. Excavations in 1927-1934, and again in 1962-3, have provided a rich fauna, with some artefacts. Here, the stratigraphy of the deposits is now more fully described and the faunal remains are considered in their stratigraphical contexts. Data supporting the existence of former cave entrances are presented along with an analysis of the processes of sedimentation and taphonomy with their climatic interpretations. Based on recent U-Th dating of a critical Stalagmite horizon, a chronology of the mid-Pleistocene to Holocene sequence is discussed. Finally, further excavation in Cow Cave and nearby sites is recommended.

Summary This study examined stream water quality across a range of catchments which are representative of the key environments and land uses of rural south-west England. These catchments included: (a) an acidic upland headwater catchment, rising on the moorlands of Dartmoor, with low-intensity sheep rearing; (b) a headwater catchment rising on the weathered granite lower slopes of Dartmoor, with cattle farming; (c) a lowland headwater clay catchment with sub-surface drainage and high intensity livestock farming, fodder crop cultivation, and hard-standing/slurry storage; and (d) the main River Taw, a lowland river system receiving drainage from a range of tributaries, exemplified by the above catchment types. Variations in water chemistry and quality were observed along an upland–lowland transition, from headwater streams to the main river channel. Within the livestock-dominated headwater streams, total phosphorus (TP) was dominated by particulate phosphorus (PP). These PP concentrations appeared to be mainly linked to two sets of processes: (1) in-stream sediment precipitation with sorption/co-precipitation of phosphate and/or localised in-channel mobilisation of sediment (by cattle or channel-clearing operations) under low flow conditions, and (2) sediment erosion and transportation associated with near-surface runoff during storm events. Under baseflow conditions, in-stream and/or riparian processes played a significant role in controlling general nutrient chemistry, particularly in the headwater streams which were heavily impacted by livestock.

Critically reflecting upon the role of and integrative function that relocalisation of agri-food plays in the development of what we call rural and regional ‘webs’ of interconnection, this chapter revisits two regional case studies in Devon and Shetland, UK. Exploring the challenges and continuities in the unfolding of the rural web, we pay particular attention to the role that agri-food initiatives play in mobilising distinctive rural and regional development processes. Although we point in both cases to the marginalisation of agri-food and its potential centrality in rural development, it is clear that this fails to disappear completely. The trends in these two rural regions, at either ends of the UK archipelago, suggest that the combinational effects of declines in multi-functional agri-food support, on the one hand, and a neo-liberalised retraction of non-agricultural rural development support on the other, are providing a potential and chaotic new governance squeeze which is likely to severely reduce the massive but latent adaptive capacity embedded in the rural eco-economy. Indeed, a more multi-functional governance and policy-based approach, based upon creating conditions for the eco-economic rural web to flourish needs to find ways of harmonising different aspects of the post-carbon landscape such that its various segments (energy, tourism, agriculture, creative industries, etc.), can work in synergy with one another. To conclude, we argue that such fragmented and competing conditions as those revealed in both case study areas are unlikely to be sufficiently capable of meeting the new national and global demands for food security which have risen up the political agenda since our earlier phases of field work.

An integrated heavy-mineral, mineral-chemical and zircon-dating study of the Triassic succession exposed on the south Devon coast, in the western part of the Wessex Basin, indicates derivation from a combination of granitic and metasedi-mentary lithologies of ages of mostly over 550 Ma. These sources were probably located at a relatively proximal location near the southern margin of the basin. Derivation from more distal sources in the Armorican Massif or local Variscan sources to the west appears unlikely in view of the scarcity of Permo-Carboniferous (Variscan-age) zircons. The Bud-leigh Salterton Pebble Bed Formation was derived from a different combination of source lithologies than the Otter Sandstone Formation, the former including staurolite-grade metasediments that were absent in the catchment area of the Otter Sandstone. The Devon coast succession has provenance characteristics that differ from equivalent sandstones further east in the Wessex Basin, and from sandstones in the East Irish Sea Basin to the north. These differences indicate that sediment supply patterns to the linked Triassic basin systems in southern Britain are complex, involving multiple distinct sub-catchment areas, and that heavy-mineral studies have considerable potential for unravelling these sub-catchment area sources.

8 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, Synthetic musks are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment. Compartmental distributions (dissolved, suspended particle associated and sedimentary) of the compounds throughout an axial estuarine transect and in coastal waters are reported. High concentrations of Galaxolide® (HHCB) and Tonalide® (AHTN) (987–2098 ng/L and 55–159 ng/L, respectively) were encountered in final effluent samples from sewage treatment plants (STPs) discharging into the Tamar and Plym Estuaries (UK), with lower concentrations of Celestolide® (ADBI) (4–13 ng/L), Phantolide® (AHMI) (6–9 ng/L), musk xylene (MX) (4–7 ng/L) and musk ketone (MK) (18–30 ng/L). Rapid dilution from the outfalls is demonstrated with resulting concentrations of HHCB spanning from 5 to 30 ng/L and those for AHTN from 3 to 15 ng/L. The other musks were generally not detected in the estuarine and coastal waters. The suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sedimentary profiles and compositions (HHCB:AHTN ratios) generally reflect the distribution in the water column with highest concentrations adjacent to sewage outfalls

Devon has a high proportion of the national total of private residential homes for the elderly in England. This paper traces their growth and their spatial distribution, based on a detailed survey of about one in four homes in the county. The nature of the homes as small businesses in then focused upon, which are mainly private family businesses although heavily supported by public funds. However, changing national legislation and local development and interpretation of regulation create considerable uncertainty as to the future of this sector of care for the elderly. The paper concludes with a consideration of the current policy dilemmas in Devon., Le développement des maisons de retraite privées; l'exemple du comté du Devon en Angleterre. Une large proportion des maisons de retraite privées anglaises sont dans le comté du Devon. Cette étude décrit leur prolifération et leur distribution géographique, en employant des données tirées d'une enquête portant sur environ une maison sur quatre dans le comté. Ensuite est traitée leur situation en tant qu'entreprises privées : ce sont des entreprises familiales pour la plupart, bien qu'elles profitent dans une large mesure des fonds publics. L'avenir de ce type de soins pour les personnes âgées est pourtant incertain, en raison de la nouvelle législation et de l'interprétation des règlements. L'étude se termine par des considérations sur les dilemmes politiques en cours dans le Devon., Philips David R., Vincent John, Blacksell Sarah. The Development of Private Residential Accommodation for the Elderly: the Case of Devon, England . In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1987-1. Personnes âgées et vieillissement - Elderly people and ageing - Londres, juillet 1986. pp. 235-248.

The spatial distribution of elderly persons in S.W. England will be discussed, with special reference to the South Hams District of Devon. Housing problems presented by the very high concentration of the elderly in this area, in particular those aged 75 + will be assessed in relation to local and county planning policies. The relationship between the elderly and the local housing market provides the major focus for this paper. The changing geography of the elderly in relation to housing provision may be interpreted in two main ways: either the housing market may be viewed as one that is responding to increasing demands from the growing population; or the provision of speculative housing supply may itself be a determinant of these new spatial patterns at the local scale., Le logement de la population âgée dans le sud-ouest de l'Angleterre. La distribution géographique des personnes âgées est décrite, avec référence particulière au South Hams District dans le comté du Devon. Des problèmes de logement provenant de la concentration très marquée des personnes âgées dans ce district, des 75 ans et plus en particulier, sont évalués en tenant compte des projets des autorités locales et de l'administration du comté. Le rapport entre les personnes âgées et le marché du logement est le sujet principal de cette étude. En ce qui concerne la disponibilité du logement, il existe deux interprétations possibles : soit le marché obéit à la demande croissante d'une population toujours plus grande; soit V offre spéculative de logement est une cause des tendances nouvelles géographiques sur le plan local., Winchester Hilary P.M., Grafton David J., Smith John R. B. Housing the Elderly in South West England . In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 1987-1. Personnes âgées et vieillissement - Elderly people and ageing - Londres, juillet 1986. pp. 207-218.

Die genauen kartographischen Aufnahmen eines Schlüsselgebietes links der Breuscli (Kristalline Nordvogesen) führen zu einer feinstratigraphischen Gliederung des Dévono-Dinantien. Typische lithologische Abfolgen im Devon (Givet und Oberdevon) und Karbon (Visé) werden mit früher beschriebenen und datierten Fossilfundstätten in Verbindung gebracht. Andere Aufschlüsse auf beiden Seiten des Breuschtals vervollständigen die Stratigraphie., Новые данные по стратиграфии осадочных девоно-динантских пород в доаине р. брюш (северные вогезы) детальная картографическая съемка основного участка левого склона долины р. Брюш (в северных кристаллических Вогезах) позволила установить весьма детальную стратиграфичес кую шкалу точно определяющую, среди девоно-динантских отложений, последовательность типичных девонских (Живетских и верхне-Девонских) и каменноугольных (Визейских) литоло-гических серий, установленных на основе уже описанных и датированных ископаемых. Другие выходы по обоим склонам долины Брющ дополняют, таким образом, установленную стратиграфическую колонку и целиком вмещаются в нее., The detailed mapping of a key area on the left river bank of the Bruche valley (Crystalline Vosges, North) permits the authors to settle a fine stratigraphie scale defining, throughout the Devono-Dinantian sediments, asuccession of typical lithologie series — Devonian (Givetian and Upper Devonian) and Carboniferous (Visean) — wedged on fossil bearing deposits already described and dated. The other outcrops of the both valley walls complete the stratigraphy thus established and become perfectly part of it., La cartographie d'un secteur clé de la rive gauche de la vallée de la Bruche (Vosges cristallines du Nord) a permis d'établir une échelle strati-graphique fine définissant, au sein des sédiments dévono-dinantiens, une succession de séries lithologiques typiques, dévoniennes (Givétien et Dévonien supérieur) et carbonifères (Viséen), calées sur des gîtes fossilifères déjà décrits et datés. Les autres affleurements des deux versants de la Bruche complètent la stratigraphie ainsi établie et s'y intègrent parfaitement., Blanalt Jean-Georges, Lillié Francis. Données nouvelles sur la stratigraphie des terrains sédimentaires dévono-dinantiens de la vallée de la Bruche (Vosges septentrionales). In: Sciences Géologiques. Bulletin, tome 26, n°1, 1973. Dévono-Dinantien des Vosges. pp. 69-74.

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