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The sharing of travel experiences through social media platforms reflects contemporary consumer culture, but it is still a phenomenon being researched in tourism literature. In this paper, we theorize that sharing travel experience through social media may operate as a distinct social communication process, and investigate how it contributes to the co-creation of destination value. A qualitative analysis of 97 travel blogs reveals three distinct themes that have the potential for co-creating destination value: motivation, memorable travel experiences, and advice. The results indicate that tourists and destination marketers interpret destination value differently in motivation. The sharing of memorable travel experiences and advice with readers and fellow tourists improves potential tourists’ cognition and emotional connection to the destination, thereby increasing the level of tourist destination engagement. The extension of the consumer socialization framework provides a deeper understanding of the destination value co-creation process, and provides useful insights for destination promotion and management.

This paper addresses the question: why do two destinations with extremely valuable cultural heritage gain attractions have completely different tourism traffic results? The main aim of this paper was to find the various causes of this inequality. The comparative method was used and Lednice and Dolní Kounice in Southern Moravia were selected as case studies. Statistical data and strategic documents on regional and local levels were analysed. The study showed significant differences in the strategic conceptual plans. Dolní Kounice was a more popular destination for suburban tourism for the inhabitants of Brno, the historical heritage was only an added value. In the case of Lednice, the use of its heritage for tourism was one of the main development priorities. This paper further noted that cultural tourism is often seen as a sector of the economy rather than a part of the culture.

Lifestyle entrepreneurs play a key role in the destination sustainable development by providing more authentic and innovative experiences. However, the determinants of the innovation generated by these entrepreneurs are not fully understood. This study explores the key factors influencing Innovation and entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE) in Lifestyle entrepreneurs. Survey data allowed to identify the effect of marshaling, place familiarity, and communication on innovation and ESE. Findings reveal several direct and indirect relationships between these variables. The results indicate that marshaling has a significantly positive and direct effect on both ESE and communication. Communication has a direct and positive relationship with innovation. Place familiarity perception has a significantly positive and direct relation to communication and innovation on ESE. It was also found an indirect link between marshaling and innovation via communication as a mediator. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Insights into traveller’s behavior are important for the Tourism Authority of Thailand to draw up plans and make decisions to manage and promote their capital city (Bangkok) as a tourism hub. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of traveller's behavior in Bangkok. To achieve this, we used a variety of methods such as activity, temporal, and spatial analysis to identify visitor patterns in Bangkok by utilizing a relatively new data gathering technique to extract social media check-in data. The findings include comprehensive statistics about traveller’s behavioral patterns at these spots that have practical implications in various city management applications.

This paper discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sun & beach tourism in Uruguay by exploring the perceptions of domestic tourists. On the basis of a survey carried out at the early begin...

The study of the relationships between tourism and social media is critical for destination management and marketing. Drawing from a visual methodology, this research analyses the images published ...

The aim of the presented paper is to examine the specific situation in the institutional provision of tourism in Slovakia with special regard to the most important and in the crisis period the most vulnerable tourism regions, their identification is a partial goal of the paper. With regard to the current crisis period, the survey is supplemented by identifying factors of employment change, focusing mainly on the region's competitiveness in tourism. The importance of regions is assessed in the article on the basis of potential for tourism development, further in terms of their importance for tourism in Slovakia based on tourism performance expressed by the number of overnight stays and on the basis of industry concentration of tourism measured by employment in tourism. We consider the most vulnerable regions to be those that reach the level of specialization in tourism (based on the localization coefficient) and it has a growing tendency. The research results show that the importance of regional competitiveness in tourism for employment change (which is a regional component) is very different despite the established destination management, it is even negative, and in the case of positive figures, it is without an obvious advantage over other factors analyzed in the shift-share analysis. Also, it is possible that the current crisis period caused by measures in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic will help to find endogenous solutions to fragmented destination management in the most important and vulnerable tourism regions, or legislative solutions related to the amendment to the Tourism Promotion Act.

Awareness and access to information on travel benefits may bear importance for tourist preference in selecting popular destination. Tourism businesses are continuously exploring to improve their competitive advantage and offering an effective method for assisting tourist in electing their preferred destinations. However, current studies are still at an emergent stage. This paper presents a tourists preferences dataset and introduces preference pattern mining (PPM) method as a solution framework for discovering tourist spots. Our PPM method finds and validates the most active tourist hot spots from tourist preferences dataset. The proposed framework facilitates an unbiased approach for optimal tourism destination management in tourism-friendly countries.

A COVID-19 turisztikai hatasait vizsgalo kutatasok sora jelent meg az elmult időszakban, melyek leginkabb az atalakulo utazoi preferenciakat vizsgaljak (Guliz Ugur–Akbiyik 2020, VARGAS 2020, Li–Ito 2021, UKPABI et al. 2021), ugyanakkor a frissen megjelent publikaciok nem foglalkoznak a jo gyakorlatokkal, a valsagkezelesre vonatkozo strategiak megosztasaval es a kozos gondolkodassal a turizmus nyitast kovető ujraelesztese kapcsan. Ezert szeretnenk az elsők kozott megosztani a magyar turisztikai desztinaciomenedzsment (TDM) szervezetek koreben vegzett felmeresunk eredmenyeit, melyek segithetik az egyes szervezetek kozti tapasztalat- es informaciocseret, valamint ertekes gondolatokkal jarulhatnak hozza a strategiai tervezeshez is. A vilagjarvany okozta valsag tobb gazdasagi agazatot is jelentősen erintett, a turizmusra gyakorolt negativ hatasaira szamos peldat latunk mar most. Az egyes turisztikai szereplőkre nagy nyomas nehezedik a kialakult helyzetben, igy tobbek kozott a TDM szervezetek munkajat is a jarvany hatarozza meg. Tanulmanyunk ravilagit arra, hogy a jarvany hatasara hozott intezkedesek hogyan hatottak a TDM szervezetek műkodesere, milyen uj feladatok jelentek meg a tevekenysegukben, hogyan tudnak segiteni tagjaiknak a korlatozasok ideje alatt, es hogy egyaltalan hogyan tekintenek a jovőbe. = Several studies examining the impact of COVID-19 on tourism have already been published, mostly examining changing traveler preferences (Guliz Ugur–Akbiyik 2020, VARGAS 2020, Li– Ito 2021, UKPABI et al. 2021). At the same time, however, most recent publications lack ”best practice” – sharing crisis management strategies and common thinking on reviving tourism after re-opening. We would, therefore, like to be among the first to share the results of our survey among Hungarian tourism destination management organizations (DMO), which may help in the exchange of experience and information between individual organizations, as well as contribute to strategic planning. The crisis caused by the pandemic has significantly affected several economic sectors, and we are already seeing many examples of its negative effects on tourism. The individual tourist actors are under great pressure in the current situation, and so the work of DMOs is also determined by the epidemic. Our study highlights how the measures taken as a result of the epidemic have affected the operation of DMOs, what new tasks have emerged in their activities, how they can help their members during the curent constraints and how they visualise the future.

A digitalizacio hatasa a turisztikai iparagra elvitathatlan mind a keresleti, mind a kinalati oldalt tekintve. Jellemzően a szolgaltatasok foglalasa, az attrakciok interpretacioja kerul az online es digitalis megoldasok kozeppontjaba, ugyanakkor a rendezvenyek eseteben mindezen megoldasok eppugy szerepet kaphatnak. Az is lathato, hogy a nagyvarosok eleteben nepszerűek az okos turisztikai applikaciok, de vajon mi a helyzet a kisebb hazai varosokkal, a videki desztinaciokkal? Mindezen temak vizsgalata all jelen cikkunk kozeppontjaban, az alabbi kutatasi kerdesben osszegezve: Mit jelenthet az okos turizmus Szekesfehervar eseteben, es hogyan jellemezhető az okos rendezveny iranti kereslet a Kiralyi Napok tekinteteben? A kerdesek vizsgalatahoz egyreszt 13 szolgaltatoval keszitettunk kvalitativ szakertői melyinterjut, masreszt keresleti oldali kutatast vegeztunk a helyi Turisztikai Desztinacio Menedzsment Szervezet (TDMSZ) segitsegevel, mely soran kerdőives megkerdezesunkre 414 ertekelhető valaszt kaptunk a 2019. evi Kiralyi Napok latogatoinak koreből. = The impact of digitalisation on the tourism industry is indisputable on both the demand and the supply side. Typically, the booking of services and the interpretation of attractions have become the focus of online and digital solutions, but in the case of events, all of these solutions can play a role. It can also be seen that, in the life of larger cities, smart tourism applications are popular, but does this apply to smaller domestic cities and countryside destinations? The examination of all these topics is the focus of our present article, addressing the following research question: What can smart tourism mean in the case of Szekesfehervar and how can the demand for a smart event be characterized in terms of the Royal Days? To examine the questions, we conducted qualitative in-depth expert interviews with 13 key service providers, as well as demand-side research using a questionnaire with the help of the local Destination Management Organization (DMO), reaching 414 meaningful answers among visitors at the 2019 Royal Days.

Belarus is facing unprecedented conflict as it attempts to shed its communist ideals and move towards a free society. This paper investigates the challenges facing Belarus in negotiating its identi...

This study aims to explore the effect of tsunami risk perception and destination image on the intention of returning tourists. The data collection technique used purposive sampling which was distributed to 171 tourists who had visited Anyer Beach. Hypothesis testing was carried out using multiple linear regression through the SPSS 26 for windows program. The results showed that the perception of tsunami risk and the image of the destination in Anyer Beach had a negative effect on the intention to return to Anyer Beach. Although there is no direct influence of perception of tsunami risk on intention to revisit, this study found that the image of the destination was able to reduce the level of tourists' perception of tsunami risk, so that they were willing to revisit disaster-prone destinations.

Destination management organizations (DMOs) are gaining salience among stakeholders as actors that can develop and enable sustainable tourism by coordinating local actors and tourism resources. Thi...

Este trabajo ha sido distinguido como uno de los mejores Trabajos de Fin de Máster de Turismo en el X FÓRUM REDINTUR [Resumen] El artículo analiza los Sistemas de Gestión Integrado de Destino ante el actual escenario turístico. Se estudia acerca de sus funcionalidades e implicaciones y se realiza una propuesta de conceptualización desde una perspectiva sistémica que se constata mediante una encuesta a los destinos adheridos a la Red DTI-Comunitat Valenciana. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de contar con este tipo de herramienta para una mejora en el proceso de gobernanza turística. Sin embargo, su implementación tiene numerosos impedimentos que imposibilitan, por el momento, su pleno desarrollo. Por este motivo, se sintetizan cuatro recomendaciones generales y sus principales líneas de acción para así fomentar el desarrollo de este tipo de herramienta de gestión. [Abstract] The article examines the functionalities and implications of Integrated Destination Management Systems in the tourism sector today, and proposes a systemic conceptualisation of the tool based on its use in relation to the Smart Destinations Network in Valencia. The results of the study show the importance of management tools of this kind in ensuring successful governance of the tourism sector, while highlighting a series of obstacles which make full implementation of such systems impractical for now. The article concludes with four general recommendations and the main lines of action of each for the promotion and development of management tools of this kind.

This empirical research contributes to the current knowledge of sustainable destination management by applying nudge and value belief norm theories. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of sustainable intelligence, destination social responsibility (DSR), biospheric value, and visit experience on pro-environmental behaviour in the eco-tourism site of Upo Wetland, South Korea. This study also compares pro-environmental behaviour across two DSR segments (high and low DSR clusters). Results reveal that sustainable intelligence, biospheric value, DSR, and visit experience at ecotourism sites significantly influence pro-environmental behaviour. Sustainable intelligence exerts the highest effect on pro-environmental behaviour among the variables. The impact of the high DSR group on pro-environmental behaviour is stronger than that on the low DSR group. Thus, managers of ecotourism sites should engage in the high DSR group that does care about sustainable intelligence and biospheric value in environmentally friendly activities.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the tourist landscape as represented in Turisme de Barcelona’s YouTube tourism promotional videos, looking at the landscape’s tangible locations, symbolic and tourist assets and the protagonists in an effort to interpret its storytelling in an overtourism context. Design/methodology/approach The mixed methodology is based on a visual content analysis of promotional videos posted on the official Barcelona tourism YouTube channel. Quantitative data analysis about the assets and their localization was completed with a qualitative assessment of the way these assets are displayed to unveil the narrative they convey. Findings The results highlight that Barcelona’s projected image is mainly based on tangible heritage (especially monuments), its recognizable cityscape and its eno-gastronomic assets. This rather conventional image is geographically concentrated on the neighborhoods perceived as tourist neighborhoods. Practical implications This analysis provides a critical reflection of the actual strategy of destination management organizations and the storytelling they transmit. The findings can help to orientate their future actions and provide a method of analysis that can be repeated for other destinations. Originality/value This paper sheds new light on the use of urban landscapes in nonstatic images both as a narrative subject and as a tangible tourist space in promotional discourse.

Article published in Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events available open access at https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2021.1931257

Strengthening Tourism Awareness Group in Rural Areas through Tourism Destination Management Training. Tourism is a strategic sector that makes a very important contribution. Tourism villages / rural areas are one of the most developed tours. A tourist village is one way for the welfare of the village community. Tourism is expected to be managed by the community itself and of course, the results can be enjoyed by local communities. The City of Salatiga Tourism Office collaborates with the Satya Wacana Christian University Tourism Destination Study Program to hold governance training for the Salatiga community in priority rural tourism development areas. The community needs to be equipped with sufficient destination management so that they are able to manage and develop destinations in their respective regions. Therefore, this community service activity is carried out in the hope that it can facilitate local people to have knowledge about tourism management. The success of this training activity will be perfect if it is accompanied by direct mentoring activities when the community starts planning tourism.

This research paper explores the economic, environmental, and socio-cultural sustainability of tourist destinations in Kerala, a southern state of India, from the perspective of tourists, based on primary research. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM) are utilized for examining and analysing the sustainability of the tourist destination of Kerala. The research findings on environmental pressure validate that tourism has been exerting huge pressure on the environment. The environment management mechanisms adopted by the government and tourism industry have been effective in mitigating the adverse environmental impacts of tourism. Tourism has been succeeded in achieving economic sustainability by empowering the local communities. Destination governance mechanisms are directly contributing to destinations’ sustainability. The research findings also establish that tourism development in Kerala is socially and culturally sustainable. Thus, this research concludes that tourism development is ensuring the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of tourist destinations of Kerala.

This article presents empirical research that seeks to investigate the principles of management that lead towards successful multi-sector collaboration through the analysis lens of effectuation theory. The target of this empirical research is a destination marketing organization (DMO) considered to be a classic example of multi-sector collaboration focusing on the destination management performed by DMO as a case study. DMO Roppongi in Tokyo has been selected as the sample for this empirical research, and in particular, Nogi Shrine (Nogi-Jinja) has been selected as a venue for inbound meetings and a successful case of destination management. In Japan, shrines are considered as sacred sites; hence, the research began with the question: ‘Why was Nogi Shrine provided as a venue?’. We interviewed both the executive director of DMO Roppongi and the contact person at Nogi Shrine and conducted a qualitative analysis by focusing on the management features emerged during the process of venue selection. In the world of start-ups, entrepreneurs are required to search for business opportunities proactively, but this research has investigated that in the multi-sector collaboration, the abundant resources are mainly possessed by the participating stakeholders that can be associated with the business opportunities. Hence, the key management point in this case is the impartial use of the resources ‘that are already there’ and available for use. This research has formulated this discovery, as ‘the O-Bento principle’ in line with the effectuation theory.

This Research Letter aims to expand media-induced tourism to the domain of video games. It highlights the emerging influence of video games on tourism, particularly tourism destinations featured in...

Marketing and/or destination management organisations (DMO’s) must manage crises that affect a tourist destination. Recent studies suggest that, iafterthe Covid-19 crisis, demand for responsible to...

Amid the growing popularity of food tourism, many national and local governments have been developing food tourism-centered destination management. However, few studies have examined whether such strategies have been effective. This study analyzes the behavioral and psychological patterns of food tourists at the demand side, with the focus on the period from 2015 to 2018, when the Korean government initiated food tourism-intensive strategies on the supply side (i.e., ‘K-Food’). This study has found that the psychological and behavioral patterns of food tourists display some changes, both positive and negative, that follow changes in the government’s policy strategies over the last 4 years. The study discusses the implications of this finding for food tourism strategies, particularly in terms of the importance of cultural attributes embedded in food tourism and the availability and accessibility of diverse local food tourism resources.

This paper aims to present a model to survey if effective destination management can manage (unsustainable) overtourism from the perspective of residents’ quality of life (QOL).,A constructivist approach, based on factors taken from conceptual overtourism model (Mihalic, 2020), was used to propose an overtourism QOL management model. Relationships among the factors were analysed with a path analyses model with two second-order latent factors. The model was tested in a real setting, the city of Ljubljana.,The proposed theoretical model is comprised of five factors: positive tourism impacts, negative tourism impacts, irritation with overtourism, residents’ QOL and destination management. Empirical tests confirmed the model. Positive tourism impacts positively affected residents’ QOL via destination management. Negative tourism impacts created overtourism-based resident irritation and negatively impacted their QOL.,The model was limited to one group of sustainable tourism stakeholders: residents of a destination. The sustainability performance of tourism was only assessed based on residents’ QOL.,The proposed model adds to the conceptual knowledge of tourism and may be useful for (sustainable) destination managers to monitor the existence and causes of overtourism and may help to focus efforts to manage the causes of overtourism irritation and improve residents’ QOL.,Overtourism is a concern for residents of tourism destinations who become irritated by unsustainable tourism impacts on community resources and their QOL. The suggested model is the first to address destination management’s ability to manage unsustainable overtourism.,本文采用建构主义的方法, 基于概念性的过度旅游模型（Mihalic, 2020年）中的因素, 提出了过度旅游中居民生活质量（QOL）管理模型。这些因子之间的关系是通过对包含两个二阶潜在因子的模型的路径分析得到的。该模型在卢布尔雅那市的真实情况中进行了测试。,本文提出了这样一个模型, 从居民的生活质量（QOL）角度出发, 调查有效的目的地管理是否可以管理（不可持续的）过度旅游。,理论模型由五部分组成：正面的旅游影响, 负面的旅游影响, 过度旅游带来的恼怒, 居民的生活质量和目的地管理。实证检验证实了该模型。积极的旅游业通过目的地管理对居民的生活质量产生了积极影响。负面的旅游影响造成了基于过度旅游的居民恼怒情绪, 并对其生活质量产生了负面影响。,该模型仅基于一个可持续的旅游业利益相关者：目的地居民。旅游业的可持续发展绩效仅根据居民的生活质量来评估。,社会和实际意义： 提出的模型增加了旅游的概念性知识, 并且可能有助于（可持续）目的地管理者监督过度旅游的存在和原因, 并且集中精力管理过度旅游引起的居民恼怒情绪, 并改善居民的生活质量。,对于旅游目的地的居民来说, 过度旅游是一个令人担忧的问题, 他们因不可持续的旅游业对社区资源及其生活质量的影响而感到不快。本模型是第一个解决目的地管理机构管理不可持续的过度旅游的能力的模型。,Para proponer un modelo de gestion del sobreturismo QOL, se utilizo un enfoque constructivista, basado en factores tomados del modelo conceptual de sobreturismo (Mihalic, 2020). Las relaciones entre los factores se analizaron con un modelo de analisis de rutas con dos factores latentes de segundo orden. El modelo se probo en un escenario real, la ciudad de Ljubljana.,En este documento se presenta un modelo para estudiar si una gestion eficaz del destino puede gestionar el exceso de turismo (insostenible) desde la perspectiva de la calidad de vida de los residentes (QOL).,El modelo teorico propuesto comprende cinco factores: impactos positivos del turismo, impactos negativos del turismo, irritacion por el exceso de turismo, calidad de vida de los residentes y gestion del destino. Las pruebas empiricas confirmaron el modelo. Los impactos positivos del turismo afectaron positivamente la calidad de vida de los residentes a traves de la gestion del destino. Los impactos negativos del turismo crearon una irritacion de los residentes basada en el exceso de turismo y tuvieron un impacto negativo en su calidad de vida.,El modelo se limitaba a un grupo de interesados en el turismo sostenible: los residentes de un destino. El desempeno de la sostenibilidad del turismo solo se evaluo en base a la calidad de vida de los residentes.,Implicaciones sociales y practicas: El modelo propuesto contribuye al conocimiento conceptual del turismo y puede ser util para que los gestores de destinos (sostenibles) vigilen la existencia y las causas del exceso de turismo y pueda ayudar a centrar los esfuerzos en la gestion de las causas de la irritacion del exceso de turismo y mejorar la calidad de vida de los residentes.,El exceso de turismo es una preocupacion para los residentes de los destinos turisticos que se irritan por los impactos insostenibles del turismo en los recursos de la comunidad y su QOL. El modelo sugerido es el primero que aborda la capacidad de la gestion del destino para gestionar el sobreturismo insostenible.

Destination safety is crucial for destination management. However, measurement scales for destination safety climate are absent. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a destination safety ...

The current study provides a deeper understanding of how tourist satisfaction is shaped in a developing economy, specifically how measures of destination quality impact visitors’ satisfaction. A to...

Tourists’ risk perceptions have been studied extensively in tourism literature and are considered an important factor influencing destination choice. However, despite the extensive research, many earlier studies using symmetric approaches have not adequately succeeded in addressing the contrarian case – high visit intention despite having negative perceptions. Therefore, this study utilised both symmetric and asymmetric approaches to address the effects of tourists’ perceptions (i.e. risk perception, image, and attitude) and demographic factors on their visit intention. While the symmetric approach showed that Zika-related perceptions did not have an impact on destination visits, in the asymmetric approach, these same perceptions significantly influenced both high and low visit intentions. This study contributes to the existing knowledge of risk perceptions by highlighting the differences between the two methodological approaches. Destination marketers could utilise these findings to develop both mass marketing and target marketing strategies.

Planning studies are important for the competitiveness of destinations and their actions with the principles of sustainability. Kuşadası and Didim, which have been among the most important mass tourism destinations in Turkey since 1960, have also long experienced common problems such as lack of coordination, environmental and infrastructural problems, and a lack of an integrated destination approach. Although a series of initiatives have been attempted to solve these problems—with a series of initiatives and good intentions—these initiatives have ultimately failed to achieve their outcomes. The current study aims to present the problems faced with destination management in both destinations. Specifically, it explains the whole process of destination management, including an attempt to guide and play a mediating role for stakeholders through a participatory approach. Therefore, revealing salient problems experienced in both destinations and preparing action plans for the solution of these problems are possible. The research is based on qualitative data from key stakeholders and opinion leaders. The process of data collection took almost two years, including one kick-off meeting, four workshops, and five mini-meetings. In addition, seven in-depth interviews were carried out to follow up on the outcomes. Although common problems such as lack of cooperation, coordination, budget, qualified workforce, infrastructure, and promotion have been identified, establishing a coordination platform and preparing action plans seems to remain remote. Therefore, despite all efforts, attempts at management planning may be regarded as an example of destination management failure.

The importance of fishing tourism for destinations is often analysed through the expenditure levels of tourists, with image, satisfaction and loyalty being under-researched areas. This article empi...

Destination managers frequently describe strategies, plans, or projects in destinations as part of an overall commitment to sustainable development or sustainability in the destination. The meaning...

Undoubtedly, tourism is growing strongly worldwide, especially in developing countries and rural areas. Tourism has both positive and negative impacts on tourist destinations that link sustainable development's economic, social, and environmental components. The local community's attitude is crucial for future tourism planning, management, and development of a tourism destination. As such, the paper analyzes the attitudes and perceptions of the residents towards tourism development in the rural areas in Hoi A city, Quang Nam province. Questionnaires related to the local demographics, people's assessment of tourism impacts, and their support for future tourism development were sent to 179 households participating in tourism sectors in four rural areas of Hoi A city. Descriptive statistics and principal component analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The results indicate that tourism brings many benefits in all aspects. Culture – society, environment, and education promote residents' support for tourism development.

Little is known about sustainable tourism transformations in post-Soviet countries. This particularly concerns the former Soviet Union Republics where no research has attempted to assess how/if the principles of sustainability have been embedded into destination management plans and policies (DMPPs). This study has critically evaluated the scope for integration of sustainable tourism in DMPPs in Kazakhstan, a former post-Soviet country in Central Asia. By interviewing key tourism stakeholders, the study has shown limited embracement of the principles of sustainability. The lack of—(1) an understanding of the sustainability concept by the national government, destination managers and industry practitioners; (2) subject-specific expertise in managing sustainable tourism projects; (3) community engagement in sustainable tourism planning and development; and (4) stakeholder collaboration—has been identified as the prime reason. A multi-level, multi-stakeholder action framework is proposed to aid the tourism industry of Kazakhstan in its advancement towards the sustainable (tourism) development goal.

Examples of niche tourism have emerged in parallel to the growing importance of food tourism in destination management and marketing. Examples of this include mushroom tourism, tea tourism, or udon tourism, among others. This study analyzes one of this specialist forms of food tourism: dairy tourism. Dairy tourism is the leisure and tourist practice that leads to the discovery of production, transformation, and commercialization processes of milk and milk derivatives. Specifically, the objective of this research is to discuss the relationships between local dairy landscapes and tourism in the Catalan region of Empord&agrave, in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Drawing on field visits and interviews with the seven regional producers, results describe the mechanisms of dairy tourism from a local marketing perspective.

From the point of view of successful tourism product development and destination management it is important to identify the travel motivations that determine the expectations of the experience and hence the satisfaction. The large-scale survey among domestic tourism participants reveals ideas, knowledge and motivations as determinants of tourism consumer habits, explores the relationship between domestic travel characteristics, destination awareness and the suggestibility of travel decisions. The results obtained, especially the general openness to domestic travel. Based on the research results, the tourism-specific motivations of the destination can be identified, on which further product development and experience management methods can be based.

Following the precedent set by the Tourism Observatory (TO) run by the European Commission-DG GROW a few years ago, several initiatives have taken place to design and manage tourism observatories at both the transnational and local level. However, these initiatives do not yet seem able to provide adequate operational responses to the challenges that the Commission launched with the original TO. While the opportunities offered by the Web 2.0 still do not seem to have been sufficiently taken advantage of, such initiatives also have not yet developed suitable methodologies to operationally include the tourism industry in the studies and monitoring performed by the TOs. This work presents the lesion learnt from the ShapeTourism prototype including two different tools: an observatory with official and unofficial indicators, and a simulation tool to predict different scenarios and different sustainability levels, designed specifically to overcome the aforementioned limits. The prototype was tested in 2017 on the entire eligible area of ​​the 2014-2020 MED Programme covering 52 regions. The potentialities of this tool are shown through the creation on indicators, benchmarking and applications.

A holistic, multi-organization view of marketing or destination management organizations (DMOs) who must muster the best efforts of many partner organizations and individuals (stakeholders) to have the greatest success. Destination marketing is described as “a continuous, sequential process through which a DMO plans, researches, implements, controls and evaluates programs aimed at satisfying tourists’ needs and wants as well as the destination’s and DMO’s visions, goals and objectives”. The effectiveness of marketing activities depends on the efforts and plans of tourism suppliers and other entities. This definition posits that marketing is a managerial function/domain that should be performed in a systematic manner adopting and implementing the appropriate approaches, as well as suitable tools and methods. In doing so, it is believed that a tourism destination (through the organizational structure of a DMO) can attain the expected outputs beneficial to all stakeholders, i.e., the tourism industry, hosting communities/populations, and tourists/visitors. The effective implementation of tourism destination marketing principles and methods constitutes an efficient and smart pillar, a cornerstone to attain a balance/equilibrium between the perceptions and interests, sometimes conflicting, of stakeholders by minimizing the negative impacts and maximizing the benefits resulting from tourism. All the same, it is worth noting that marketing is not a panacea, nor a kind of magic stick.

O cicloturismo é reconhecido por ser uma atividade que envolve múltiplos segmentos do turismo, assim como conecta ambientes urbanos e rurais. Quando a principal motivação de uma viagem se encontra no percurso entre um destino e outro, permite-se o desenvolvimento em escala local nas regiões abrangidas pela rota de trânsito. Contudo, a implantação de roteiros turísticos para bicicleta requer uma articulação organizacional que envolva diferentes áreas de planejamento e setores da sociedade – principalmente em grandes centros urbanos. Desta forma, o presente artigo apresenta uma contribuição teórico-conceitual sobre o alinhamento do planejamento cicloviário ao turístico, com vistas ao desenvolvimento do cicloturismo. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica que contemplou artigos científicos e documentos estratégicos nacionais e internacionais, foram levantados conceitos orientadores de gestão e avaliadores de infraestrutura – como os polos de ciclismo e os critérios de qualidade, respectivamente. O estudo de caso sobre a Região Metropolitana de Curitiba foi realizado para melhor compreender a aplicabilidade destas ferramentas para o contexto brasileiro. Os resultados destacam uma perspectiva interdisciplinar para o planejamento da rede viária em relação à atratividade do destino e suas respectivas condições ambientais e demográficas.

Rugemuk Village in Pantai Labu Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province has a beach area called Alam Serdang Beach with the presence of a mangrove forest area that has been used to produce processed mangrove products and tourist destinations. It's just that since 2006 there have been activities of dredging beach sand for the sake of building public facilities in North Sumatra Province so that Alam Serdang Beach has experienced an abrasion. The purpose of community service activities is to train the Serdang Nature Group as a partner on the management of Serdang Alam Beach tourism destinations and making eco print souvenirs by utilizing leaves from trees that grow in the Serdang Alam Beach area, as well as providing mandatory facilities in tourist destination areas. Methods of activity include providing questionnaires and training materials, discussion and design of tourism destination management, training on making souvenirs for printing, making toilet facilities, andsignposts. The results of this activity are an increase in public knowledge of tourism destination management, availability of management planning for the Alam Serdang Beach area, availability of toilet facilities on the beach, availability of signposts to the beach, improvement of community skills for making eco print souvenirs, and availability of production tools. for the making of eco print souvenirs so that it is hoped that in the future it can be the readiness of Rugemuk Village in an effort towards the level of a tourist village

This study investigates tourist attitudes to local food on destination choice, travel motivation, satisfaction and perceived object-related and existential authenticity. Additionally, the mediating effects of authenticity on these relationships is also examined. A quantitative survey (n = 368) by questionnaire was conducted. Data was analysed using factor analysis and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to show that tourist attitudes to local food influence destination choice, satisfaction and perceptions of object-related and existential authenticity. Furthermore, it was found that existential authenticity, rather than object-related authenticity had a greater impact on the relationships between tourist attitudes to local food and destination choice, travel motivation and satisfaction. A clear and influential relationship between tourists’ attitudes to local food and travel behaviour was found. Tourists want an existential authentic local food experience where they can be actively involved. Destinations should emphasise unique regional specialities and highlight the experiential value of local food.

This report presents the experience of the implementation of the “Tourism Observatory | SIGESTur” project, an action developed at the Federal Institute of São Paulo (IFSP Campus Cubatão). The project began in 2016, as result of academic research and university extension activity. This work reports and analyzes the results of the project, and proposes a model for innovative management of tourism destinations in the Brazilian context. In its first year, the project was considered one of the ten most innovative ideas in Brazilian tourism, at the I Tourism Innovation Camp, a contest promoted by the Panrotas portal with technical support from Sebrae (national development agency). In 2017, the case entitled “Hospitality and hostility relations among stakeholders: Influences in the competitiveness of tourist destinations” received an award during the IV World Research Summit for Tourism and Hospitality, a congress held in Orlando (USA). The project consists of two work fronts. For the elaboration of this report of experience, bibliographical and documentary research were carried out. The data analysis was done in 2019 to ensure that all previous actions were recorded. In the results, the establishment of a model is highlighted, for collecting, processing and analyzing data and distributing information to professionals in the travel and tourism industry.

This research divided expectations into three timeframes based on expectancy theory – short-, medium- and long-term. The incentive-motivation structures of government tourism officers were identified by these timeframes and the effects of incentives on job engagement, performance and satisfaction were investigated.,A survey was conducted in 31 provinces of China, and a total of 650 responses were used for data analysis after removing invalid surveys. The statistical analysis techniques adopted were confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling.,The results showed that: realistic motivations, career prospects and “macro-vision” were the motivational factors of tourism officers in the short-, medium- and long-term, respectively; incentives positively predicted tourism officer job engagement, performance and satisfaction; and job engagement and performance mediated the influence of incentives on job satisfaction.,The main limitation was that the respondents were from 31 provinces in China, and there may be regional and local differences due to the unique and complex geographic and social conditions, as well as dissimilar economic development levels and administrative systems.,Public sector tourism departments must recognize tourism officer needs and motivations in the short-, medium- and long-term and develop tailored incentive programs.,Based on expectancy theory across different timeframes, this research identified the incentive-motivation structure and its effect on Chinese destination management organization officers and potentially provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of this administrative incentive system.,基于期望理论, 本研究将期望区分成短期、中期和长期三个时间尺度。据此, 本研究识别了政府旅游官员的激励需求和和动力结构, 并验证其对旅游官员工作投入、工作绩效和工作满意度的影响。,本研究面向中国31个省市自治区展开问卷调查。在剔除无效问卷后, 总共搜集650份有效问卷进行数据分析。本研究采用了验证性因子分析、相关分析和结构方程模型等数据分析技术。,研究结果发现：（1）现实激励、职业前景和宏观愿景是目的地政府官员在短期、中期和长期等不同期望结构层次的动力因素; （2）这些动力因素正向影响旅游官员工作投入、工作绩效和工作满意度; （3）工作投入和工作绩效中介了上述激励因素对工作满意度的影响。,本研究的主要研究局限在于问卷数据覆盖中国31个省市自治区, 但中国具有复杂的国情, 地区经济发展水平、行政管理体制也不尽相同, 因此基于特定地区的具体分析可能得出具有差异性的研究结论。,目的地政府部门应当客观认知到旅游官员在短期、中长期和长期三个期望层次的激励需求, 并针对性地设计和提供激励方案。,本研究首次基于期望理论识别了不同时间尺度下目的地政府部门旅游官员的动力结构及其效应, 为优化中国目的地政府旅游官员激励体系提供了理论基础和实证证据。,En base de la teoria de las expectativas, esta estudio divide las expectativas en tres escalas de tiempo: plazo corto, plazo mediano y plazo largo. Con base en esto, este estudio identifica las necesidades de incentivos y la estructura motivacional de los funcionarios de turismo del gobierno, y verifica su impacto en la contribucion, el desempeno y la satisfaccion laboral de los funcionarios de turismo.,Este estudio realiz una encuesta por cuestionario para 31 provincias de China. Despues de excluir los cuestionarios no validos, se recopilan un total de 650 cuestionarios validos para el analisis de datos. Este estudio utiliza tecnicas de analisis de datos como el analisis factorial confirmatorio, el analisis de correlacion y el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales.,Los resultados mostraron que: (1) Los incentivos realistas, las perspectivas de carrera y las visiones macro son los factores impulsores de los funcionarios del gobierno de destino en diferentes niveles de expectativa a plazo corto, mediano y largo; (2) Estos los factores impulsores estan afectando positivamente el aporte de trabajo, el desempeno laboral y la satisfaccion laboral de los funcionarios de turismo; y (3) Los aportes laborales y el rendimiento laboral median la influencia de los factores impulsores anteriores en la satisfaccion laboral.,La muestra de este estudio cubre 31 provincias, municipios y regiones autonomas en China, pero China tiene condiciones nacionales complejas, los niveles de desarrollo economico regional y los sistemas administrativos son diferentes. Por lo tanto, los analisis basados en regiones especificas pueden lograr diferentes conclusiones de estudio.,El departamento gubernamental del destino debe reconocer objetivamente las necesidades de incentivos de los funcionarios de turismo en los tres niveles esperados a plazo corto, plazo mediano y largo y plazo largo, y disenar y proporcionar programas de incentivos de manera especifica.,este estudio identifica la estructura dinamica y los efectos de los funcionarios de turismo en los departamentos gubernamentales de destino en diferentes escalas de tiempo basando en la teoria de las expectativas por primera vez, y proporciona una base teorica y evidencia empirica para optimizar el sistema de incentivos de los funcionarios de turismo del gobierno de destino en China.

Tourist destinations generally offer a variety of attractions that local authorities or destination management organizations (DMOs) may incorporate into their promotional activities. This diversity of available assets has different stakeholder groups having to decide what the destination actually stands for. The present study connects existing frameworks about evolutionary dynamics and place marketing and applies them to multifaceted destinations to provide fresh insights into how these can be managed. It extends the discussion by taking the city of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, as an in-depth case study to illustrate how multiple assets as well as multiple place identities can impact the management of a given destination. The main data source consisted of semi-structured interviews which were used to explore the (typologies of) attractions that best represent the destination and how these should be promoted according to the local institutional stakeholders. The results show that being a multifaceted destination poses significant challenges to the definition of tourism marketing strategies, even if most stakeholders agree that a shift from the traditional, beach-related elements towards more (intangible) cultural resources is necessary. The paper concludes by drawing some theoretical implications as well as practical recommendations for multiple asset destinations.

Motivasyon, turistlerin belirli seyahat yerini veya turizm faaliyetlerini seçme nedenlerini açıklayabilmek adına önemli ve dolayısıyla destinasyon yönetimi ve pazarlamasının etkinliği açısından faydalı bir olgudur. Bu çalışmada temel amaç Şanlıurfa’yı ziyaret eden turistlerin hangi motivasyonlara sahip olduğunun belirlenmesidir. Şanlıurfa’yı ziyaret eden turistlerin profillerinin ve seyahat alışkanlıklarının neler olduğu da araştırmanın alt amaçlarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada nicel yaklaşım çerçevesinde veriler üç bölümden oluşan anket formu yardımıyla toplanmıştır. Veriler Şanlıurfa'nın en çok ziyaret edilen aylarında (Eylül, Ekim ve Kasım 2019) toplanmıştır. Toplam 400 geçerli anket analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırmanın veri analizi sonucu, Şanlıurfa’yı seyahat eden turistlerin motivasyonlarının ‘kültür ve öğrenme’, ‘rahatlama’, ‘Şanlıurfa dokusu’ ve ‘sosyalleşme/saygınlık kazanma’ olmak üzere dört boyuttan oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca çalışma kapsamında seyahat motivasyonlarının demografik özellikler ve seyahat alışkanlarına göre farklılık gösterdiği de tespit edilmiştir.

For tourism, voice search is a promising tool with a considerable impact on tourist experience. For example, voice search might not only simplify the booking process of flights and hotels but also change local search for tourist information. Against this backdrop, our pilot study analyzes the current state of voice search in a Swiss tourism destination so that providers can benefit from those new opportunities. We conducted interviews with nine experts in Swiss tourism marketing. They agree that voice search offers a significant opportunity as a new and diverse channel in tourism. Moreover, this technology provides new marketing measures and a more efficient use of resources. However, possible threats to this innovation are data protection regulation and providers’ lack of skills and financial resources. Furthermore, the diversity of Swiss dialects pushes voice search to its limits. Finally, our study confirms that tourism destinations should cooperate to implement voice search within their touristic regions. In conclusion, following our initial findings from the sample destination, voice search remains of minor importance for tourist marketing in Switzerland as evident in the given low use of resources. Following this initial investigation of voice search in a Swiss tourism destination, we recommended conducting further qualitative interviews on tourists’ voice search experience in different tourist destinations.

Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) have been taking advantage of technologies in order to manage destinations in a more successful way. Previous research on tourism destination online plat...

Although zoning has great potential in coordinating regional development and destination management, it is challenging to derive an optimal zoning method in the historic district. To address this c...