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In our study, we used the rich biodiversity of peppers in the Balkan region and characterized 63 pepper accessions from five cultivar types (Pungent; Sweet; Pumpkin; Kapia; For powder), in view of their phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity. The obtained results showed high variation in the compositional profiles between studied cultivar groups, as well within individual groups. Based on fresh weight (FW), the most abundant sugar in the studied accessions was glucose (0.36–3.79%), followed by fructose (0.16–2.98%). The accessions from “For powder” group were the richest source of uronic acids—0.77%, followed by accessions from “Pungent” group—0.64%. In four of the five groups, citric acid was the predominant organic acid, whereas only in the “Sweet” group, malic acid was the major representative of organic acid. The highest amount of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) was found in a genotype CAPS-7, which is in the group of “Pungent” accessions. The polyphenol content varied in a broad range from 42mg/100g FW to 266mg/100g FW. The differences in the flavonoid content were even more significant reaching 60-fold difference—from 1.0mg/100g FW to 64.3mg/100g FW. The accessions from the “For powder” group were leaders in regards to their total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents, as well as for their antioxidant activity, measured by ORAC and HORAC assays. This variation in fruit composition might be manipulated via plant breeding to create new pepper varieties with improved nutritional value of their fruits.

In our study, we used the rich biodiversity of peppers in the Balkan region and characterized 63 pepper accessions from five cultivar types (Pungent; Sweet; Pumpkin; Kapia; For powder), in view of their phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity. The obtained results showed high variation in the compositional profiles between studied cultivar groups, as well within individual groups. Based on fresh weight (FW), the most abundant sugar in the studied accessions was glucose (0.36–3.79%), followed by fructose (0.16–2.98%). The accessions from “For powder” group were the richest source of uronic acids—0.77%, followed by accessions from “Pungent” group—0.64%. In four of the five groups, citric acid was the predominant organic acid, whereas only in the “Sweet” group, malic acid was the major representative of organic acid. The highest amount of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) was found in a genotype CAPS-7, which is in the group of “Pungent” accessions. The polyphenol content varied in a broad range from 42 mg/100 g FW to 266 mg/100 g FW. The differences in the flavonoid content were even more significant reaching 60-fold difference—from 1.0 mg/100 g FW to 64.3 mg/100 g FW. The accessions from the “For powder” group were leaders in regards to their total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents, as well as for their antioxidant activity, measured by ORAC and HORAC assays. This variation in fruit composition might be manipulated via plant breeding to create new pepper varieties with improved nutritional value of their fruits.