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International audience; This paper deals with fault detection and isolation (FDI) in complex embedded wired communication networks. The considered faults are soft faults which do not prevent the communication, but may evolve into hard faults, i.e. short or open circuit. A novel FDI method based on power line communication (PLC) transmission systems is proposed. In these PLC systems, the transmission coefficients between the source and each receiver are estimated for communication purposes using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Health indicators and residuals are computed by comparing the online estimated transmission coefficients with the reference coefficients. A methodology for dealing with complex networks, such as bus networks, is proposed. It is based on the decomposition of the network into several Y-shaped sub-networks. Each of these sub-networks is monitored to detect the presence of a fault. The FDI method is first validated using real data extracted from a Y-shaped network test bench. Then, the proposed approach is validated on a more complex network using realistic simulated data.

Supplementary Files contain (1) Supplementary Materials and Methods for �V�3 expression analysis, autoradiography and histological analysis, and hematology and hepatorenal function; (2) Supplementary Tables S1-S5; and (3) Supplementary Figures S1-S5. Table S1Effects of 37 MBq (1 nmol) of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 {plus minus} GF/Lys on hepatorenal functions of U87MG tumor-bearing mice; Table S2Blood cell counts of U87MG tumor-bearing mice at various time points post-injection of 37 MBq (1 nmol) of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 {plus minus} GF/Lys; Table S3Blood cell counts of U87MG tumor-bearing mice at various time points after single dose administrations of 37 and 74 MBq of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4; Table S4Effects of 74 MBq (2 nmol) of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 + GF/Lys on hepatorenal functions of normal mice; Table S5Human absorbed doses extrapolated from the biodistribution data of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 in U87MG tumor-bearing mice

Figure S1The treatment outcomes of radiotherapy with 37 MBq (1 nmol) of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4; Figure S2Toxicity studies in normal mice that were injected with 74 MBq of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4; Figure S3Preliminary study of U87MG tumors excised at day 13 p.i. of 37 MBq of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 for the changes in microvasculature; Figure S4Positive correlation between the tumor volume and the corresponding WBC in U87MG tumor-bearing mice; Figure S5Biodistribution of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 at various peptide doses (0.00510 nmol) in U87MG tumor-bearing mice.

The files contain (1) Supplementary Materials and Methods for αVβ3 expression analysis, autoradiography and histological analysis, and hematology and hepatorenal function; (2) Supplementary Tables S1-S5; and (3) Supplementary Figures S1-S5. Table S1â^'Effects of 37 MBq (1 nmole) of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 {plus minus} GF/Lys on hepatorenal functions of U87MG tumor-bearing mice; Table S2â^'Blood cell counts of U87MG tumor-bearing mice at various time points post-injection of 37 MBq (1 nmole) of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 {plus minus} GF/Lys; Table S3â^'Blood cell counts of U87MG tumor-bearing mice at various time points after single dose administrations of 37 and 74 MBq of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4; Table S4â^'Effects of 74 MBq (2 nmole) of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 + GF/Lys on hepatorenal functions of normal mice; Table S5â^'Human absorbed doses extrapolated from the biodistribution data of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 in U87MG tumor-bearing mice; Figure S1â^'The treatment outcomes of radiotherapy with 37 MBq (1 nmole) of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4; Figure S2â^'Toxicity studies in normal mice that were injected with 74 MBq of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4; Figure S3â^'Preliminary study of U87MG tumors excised at day 13 p.i. of 37 MBq of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 for the changes in microvasculature; Figure S4â^'Positive correlation between the tumor volume and the corresponding WBC in U87MG tumor-bearing mice; Figure S5â^'Biodistribution of 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 at various peptide doses (0.005â^'10 nmole) in U87MG tumor-bearing mice.

Ultrasound-guided injections of botulinum neurotoxin in cervical dystonia have a number of theoretical advantages. However, their action has never been compared to that of non-guided injections. The objectives of the study were to compare the outcome of botulinum neurotoxin type A treatment in patients with idiopathic, focal cervical dystonia, according to two methods: inspection and palpation of anatomical landmarks (non-guided group) or ultrasound guidance (ultrasound-guided group).We included consecutive patients in this single-center, prospective, real-life, non-randomized study. The outcomes were evaluated one month after the injections: Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile 58 (main outcome), Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale-2 (pain and disability subscores), Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale-PSYCH, patient-rated Clinical Global Impression - Improvement and adverse events. We used propensity score methods for statistical analysis; ten predefined confounding factors were used to build the propensity score.Sixty-three patients were included in the non-guided group, and 60 other patients in the ultrasound-guided group. We found no difference in main and secondary outcomes between the two study groups.This is the first direct comparison between ultrasound-guided and non-guided botulinum neurotoxin type A injections in patients with cervical dystonia. We hypothesize that ultrasound guidance made it possible to obtain the same results in the most severe (or the most demanding) patients as in the best responders. Further studies are still needed to assess the impact of botulinum neurotoxin injections into deep cervical muscles.

64Cu-RaftRGD-based TRT (toxicity evaluation: hepatorenal functions and gastrointestinal state)

Pharmacokinetics of i.p.-administered 64Cu-RaftRGD in ascites of IGR-OV1-OCPM mice

Correlation between tumor length (mm) and tumor weight (g)

PET quantification and post-PET biodistribution of 64Cu-RaftRGD (IGR-OV1-OCPM mice)

Proliferation and morphology of small intestine and kidney at 3 days after i.p. administration of 148 MBq/0.357 nmol 64Cu-RaftRGD

Integrin expression in OVCAR-3 and IGR-OV1 s.c. xenografts

Hypoxia levels in OCPMs

Spatial relationship of intratumoral Cy5.5-RaftRGD to the tumor microenvironment (detailed images for s.c. xenografts)

Purpose:Ovarian cancer peritoneal metastases (OCPMs) are a pathophysiologically heterogeneous group of tumors that are rarely curable. αVβ3 integrin (αVβ3) is overexpressed on tumoral neovessels and frequently on ovarian cancer cells. Here, using two clinically relevant αVβ3-positive OCPM mouse models, we studied the theranostic potential of an αVβ3-specific radiopeptide, 64Cu-cyclam-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 (64Cu-RaftRGD), and its intra- and intertumoral distribution in relation to the tumor microenvironment.Experimental Design:αVβ3-expressing peritoneal and subcutaneous models of ovarian carcinoma (IGR-OV1 and NIH:OVCAR-3) were established in nude mice. 64Cu-RaftRGD was administered either intravenously or intraperitoneally. We performed intratumoral distribution (ITD) studies, PET/CT imaging and quantification, biodistribution assay and radiation dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy and toxicity studies.Results:Intraperitoneal administration was an efficient route for targeting 64Cu-RaftRGD to OCPMs with excellent tumor penetration. Using the fluorescence surrogate, Cy5.5-RaftRGD, in our unique high-resolution multifluorescence analysis, we found that the ITD of 64Cu-RaftRGD was spatially distinct from, but complementary to, that of hypoxia. 64Cu-RaftRGD–based PET enabled clear visualization of multiple OCPM deposits and ascites and biodistribution analysis demonstrated an inverse correlation between tumor uptake and tumor size (1.2–17.2 mm). 64Cu-RaftRGD at a radiotherapeutic dose (148 MBq/0.357 nmol) showed antitumor activities by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, with negligible toxicity.Conclusions:Collectively, these results demonstrate the all-in-one potential of 64Cu-RaftRGD for imaging guided radiotherapy of OCPM by targeting both tumoral neovessels and cancerous cells. On the basis of the ITD finding, we propose that pairing αVβ3- and hypoxia-targeted radiotherapies could improve therapeutic efficacy by overcoming the heterogeneity of ITD encountered with single-agent treatments.

Biodistribution and estimated ADs of i.p.-administered 64Cu-RaftRGD

Table S1-Post-PET biodistribution data of i.v.- and i.p.-administered 64Cu-RaftRGD in IGR-OV1-OCPM mice; Table S2-Biodistribution data of i.p.-administered 64Cu-RaftRGD; Table S3-Inverse regression equations; and Table S4-Estimation of human absorbed doses.

Microscopic examination of ascites

Reducing effect of Gelofusine and L-lysine on the renal accumulation of 64Cu-RaftRGD

Intertumoral heterogeneity of 64Cu-RaftRGD uptake

Supplementary Materials and Methods for integrin expression analysis, autoradiography, ITD of Cy5.5-RaftRGD in relation to the tumor microenvironment (in s.c. tumors), PET/CT or PET/CECT imaging and quantification, Ki-67 immunostaining, TUNEL assay, and quantification, survival study, and toxicity evaluation.

ITD of 64CuCl2 after i.v. and i.p. injection

Spatial relationship of intratumoral Cy5.5-RaftRGD to the tumor microenvironment (magnified images)

PET quantification and post-PET biodistribution of 64Cu-RaftRGD (OVCAR-3-OCPM mice)

64Cu-RaftRGD-based TRT (toxicity evaluation: body weight and hematology)

64Cu-RaftRGD-based TRT (survival study)

Blood clearance of i.p.-administered 64Cu-RaftRGD in normal and tumor-bearing mice

International audience; Networks, mainly composed of cables, are prone to failures. Faults in cables are initially benign (so-called soft faults) and then evolve over time to a much more severe form of faults as short or open circuits (so-called hard faults). It is thus of prime importance to detect and localize efficiently the soft faults. Residuals may be calculated by comparing online computed transmission coefficients with reference transmission coefficients. In this paper, the sensitivity of the residuals with respect to the fault is studied for a simulated but realistic Yshaped network. The residuals are represented in the residual space. Using intensive simulations, the residuals are analyzed with respect to the position of the fault in a branch, the severity of the fault and the signal-to-noise ratio.

The detection of abnormal events in surveillance footage remains a challenge and has been the scope of various research works. Having observed that the state-of-the-art performance is still unsatisfactory, this paper provides a novel solution to the problem, with four-fold contributions: 1) upon the work of Sultani et al., we introduce one iterative learning framework composed of two experts working in the weak and self-supervised paradigms and providing additional amounts of learning data to each other, where the novel instances at each iteration are filtered by a Bayesian framework that supports the iterative data augmentation task; 2) we describe a novel term that is added to the baseline loss to spread the scores in the unit interval, which is crucial for the performance of the iterative framework; 3) we propose a Random Forest ensemble that fuses at the score level the top performing methods and reduces the EER values about 20% over the state-of-the-art; and 4) we announce the availability of the ”UBI-Fights” dataset, fully annotated at the frame level, that can be freely used by the research community. The code, details of the experimental protocols and the dataset are publicly available at http://github.com/DegardinBruno/ .

It is known that the kinematics of the human body skeleton reveals valuable information in action recognition. Recently, modeling skeletons as spatio-temporal graphs with Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) has been reported to solidly advance the state-of-the-art performance. However, GCN-based approaches exclusively learn from raw skeleton data, and are expected to extract the inherent structural information on their own. This paper describes REGINA, introducing a novel way to REasoning Graph convolutional networks IN Human Action recognition. The rationale is to provide to the GCNs additional knowledge about the skeleton data, obtained by handcrafted features, in order to facilitate the learning process, while guaranteeing that it remains fully trainable in an end-to-end manner. The challenge is to capture complementary information over the dynamics between consecutive frames, which is the key information extracted by state-of-the-art GCN techniques. Moreover, the proposed strategy can be easily integrated in the existing GCN-based methods, which we also regard positively. Our experiments were carried out in well known action recognition datasets and enabled to conclude that REGINA contributes for solid improvements in performance when incorporated to other GCN-based approaches, without any other adjustment regarding the original method. For reproducibility, the REGINA code and all the experiments carried out will be publicly available at this https URL.

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) methods have been successfully applied to image tasks with excellent results. However, NAS methods are often complex and tend to converge to local minima as soon as generated architectures seem to yield good results. This paper proposes GEA, a novel approach for guided NAS. GEA guides the evolution by exploring the search space by generating and evaluating several architectures in each generation at initialisation stage using a zero-proxy estimator, where only the highest-scoring architecture is trained and kept for the next generation. Subsequently, GEA continuously extracts knowledge about the search space without increased complexity by generating several off-springs from an existing architecture at each generation. More, GEA forces exploitation of the most performant architectures by descendant generation while simultaneously driving exploration through parent mutation and favouring younger architectures to the detriment of older ones. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and extensive ablation studies evaluate the importance of different parameters. Results show that GEA achieves state-of-the-art results on all data sets of NAS-Bench-101, NAS-Bench-201 and TransNAS-Bench-101 benchmarks., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2110.15232

Remote, precisely controlled activation of the brain is a fundamental challenge in the development of brain-machine interfaces providing feasible rehabilitation strategies for neurological disorders. Low-frequency ultrasound stimulation can be used to modulate neuronal activity deep in the brain1–7, but this approach lacks spatial resolution and cellular selectivity and loads the brain with high levels of acoustic energy. The combination of the expression of ultrasound-sensitive proteins with ultrasound stimulation (‘sonogenetic stimulation’) can provide cellular selectivity and higher sensitivity, but such strategies have been subject to severe limitations in terms of spatiotemporal resolution in vivo8–10, precluding their use for real-life applications. We used the expression of large-conductance mechanosensitive ion channels (MscL) with high-frequency ultrasonic stimulation for a duration of milliseconds to activate neurons selectively at a relatively high spatiotemporal resolution in the rat retina ex vivo and the primary visual cortex of rodents in vivo. This spatiotemporal resolution was achieved at low energy levels associated with negligible tissue heating and far below those leading to complications in ultrasound neuromodulation6,11. We showed, in an associative learning test, that sonogenetic stimulation of the visual cortex generated light perception. Our findings demonstrate that sonogenetic stimulation is compatible with millisecond pattern presentation for visual restoration at the cortical level. They represent a step towards the precise transfer of information over large distances to the cortical and subcortical regions of the brain via an approach less invasive than that associated with current brain-machine interfaces and with a wide range of applications in neurological disorders.

The massive deployment of electronic components in various transportation systems has increased the complexity of their embedded networks. Power line communication is a good candidate for reducing cable bundles in these systems. Even if the number of cables is reduced, these cables tend to encounter faults that can lead to total system failure. Therefore, it is critical to design and implement an effective soft fault detection system. In this paper, a Y-shaped network consisting of one source and two receivers is studied. A soft fault, which can be caused by a localized degradation of the cable quality, is represented by a series resistance. The transmission transfer function measured at each receiver is monitored. A new health indicator inspired by the classical cable chain matrix model is proposed. This indicator is calculated at each receiver. A residual based on the calculated indicator is then used along with a pre-constructed topology dependent signature matrix to detect a soft fault and to locate the affected branch. Real data extracted from a test bench are used to validate our approach. The results confirm the ability to use Power Line communication systems for diagnostic purposes in addition to their initial implementation purpose.

International audience; Among non-covalent bonds, the host-guest interaction is an attractive way to attach biomolecules to solid surfaces since the binding strength can be tuned by the nature of host and guest partners or through the valency of the interaction. For that purpose, we synthesized cyclodecapeptide scaffolds exhibiting in a spatially controlled manner two independent domains enabling the multimeric presentation of guest molecules on one face and the other face enabling the potential grafting of a biomolecule of interest. In this work, we were interested in the β-cyclodextrin/ferrocene inclusion complex formed on β-CD monolayers functionalized surfaces. By using surface sensitive techniques such as quartz crystal microbalance and surface plasmon resonance, we quantified the influence of the guest valency on the stability of the inclusion complexes. The results show a drastic enhancement of the affinity with the gradual increase of guest valency. Considering that the sequential binding events are equal and independent, we applied the multivalent model developed by the Huskens group to extract intrinsic binding constants and an effective concentration of host.

Bone repair induced by stem cells and biomaterials may represent an alternative to autologous bone grafting. Here, we compared the efficiency of two biomaterials - biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and bioactive glass (BG) - when loaded with either adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) or newborn nasal ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (NE-MSCs), the latter being collected for further repair of lip cleft-associated bone loss. Both cell types display the typical stem cell surface markers CD73+/CD90+/CD105+/nestin, and exhibit the MSC-associated osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic multipotency. NE-MSCs produce less collagen and alkaline phosphatase than BM-MSCs. At the transcript level, NE-MSCs express more abundantly three genes coding for bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and osteopontin, while BM-MSCs produce extra copies of RUNX2. BM-MSCs and NE-MSCs adhere and survive on BCP and BG. In vivo experiments reveal that bone formation is only observed with BM-MSCs transplanted on BCP biomaterial.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal sensory processing, including temporal discrimination threshold, has been described in various dystonic syndromes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate visual sensory processing in DYT-SGCE and identify its structural correlates. METHODS: DYT-SGCE patients without DBS (DYT-SGCE-non-DBS) and with DBS (DYT-SGCE-DBS) were compared to healthy volunteers in three tasks: a temporal discrimination threshold, a movement orientation discrimination, and movement speed discrimination. Response times attributed to accumulation of sensory visual information were computationally modelized, with mu parameter indicating sensory mean growth rate. We also identified the structural correlates of behavioral performance for temporal discrimination threshold. RESULTS: Twenty-four DYT-SGCE-non-DBS, 13 DYT-SGCE-DBS, and 25 healthy volunteers were included in the study. In DYT-SGCE-DBS, the discrimination threshold was higher in the temporal discrimination threshold (P = 0.024), with no difference among the groups in other tasks. The sensory mean growth rate (mu) was lower in DYT-SGCE in all three tasks (P < 0.01), reflecting a slower rate of sensory accumulation for the visual information in these patients independent of DBS. Structural imaging analysis showed a thicker left primary visual cortex (P = 0.001) in DYT-SGCE-non-DBS compared to healthy volunteers, which also correlated with lower mu in temporal discrimination threshold (P = 0.029). In DYT-SGCE-non-DBS, myoclonus severity also correlated with a lower mu in the temporal discrimination threshold task (P = 0.048) and with thicker V1 on the left (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION: In DYT-SGCE, we showed an alteration of the visual sensory processing in the temporal discrimination threshold that correlated with myoclonus severity and structural changes in the primary visual cortex. (c) 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Having observed the unsatisfactory state-of-the-art performance in detecting abnormal events, this paper describes an iterative self-supervised learning method for such purpose. The proposed solution is composed of two experts that - at each step - find the most confidently classified instances to augment the amount of data available for the next iteration. Our contributions are four-fold: 1) we describe the iterative learning framework composed of experts working in the weak/self-supervised paradigms and providing learning data to each other, with the novel instances being filtered by a Bayesian framework; 2) upon Sultani et al. [14]'s work, we suggest a novel term the loss function that spreads the scores in the unit interval and is important for the performance of the iterative framework; 3) we propose a late decision fusion scheme, in which an ensemble of Decision Trees learned from bootstrap samples fuses the scores of the top-3 methods, reducing the EER values about 20% over the state-of-the-art; and 4) we announce the “Fights” dataset, fully annotated at the frame level, that can be freely used by the research community. The code, details of the experimental protocols and the dataset are publicly available at http://github.com/DegardinBruno/.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In cervical dystonia, the accuracy of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections may influence the response to the treatment. METHODS We used ultrasound to evaluate the accuracy of anatomy-guided injections of BoNT in the neck muscles. RESULTS A total of 56 consecutive patients and 332 injections were evaluated. The overall accuracy was 76.6%. The lowest accuracy (67.9%) was observed for the splenius capitis muscle. CONCLUSIONS Anatomic guidance of BoNT injections in the neck muscles is often inaccurate. Imaging guidance may improve the accuracy of BoNT injections in cervical dystonia.

Late-onset Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) is a rare, underdiagnosed lysosomal disease with neurological manifestations. A specific treatment, miglustat, can stabilize the disease if given early. Recently, three plasma screening biomarkers (PSBs) were developed [cholestane3beta,5alpha,6betatriol (C-triol), 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), and lysosphingomyelin-509 (LSM-509)], allowing a simpler and quite robust screening of patients suitable for genetic testing. The objective of our study was to evaluate practical utility and feasibility of large-scale PSB screening for NP-C in selected adult patients. Patients were prospectively enrolled if they showed, starting from 12 years of age, at least one of the three initial neuro-psychiatric manifestations described in NP-C: (1) gait disorder (cerebellar and/or dystonic); (2) cognitive decline with frontal lobe syndrome; (3) atypical psychosis. PSBs were measured in plasma of all patients and, if positive (LSM-509 and/or C-triol + 7-KC elevated), sequencing of NPC1 and NPC2 genes was performed. A total of 251 patients [136 males, 115 females; median age 42.1 (range 12.2-85.6) years] were screened. Six patients had positive PSBs. Two were confirmed to have NP-C (0.8% diagnostic yield, both with all three PSBs highly increased, especially LSM-509). False-positive rate was 1.2%, which was identical if only considering LSM-509. By contrast, false-positive rates were 8.1% and 5.7% for 7-KC and C-triol, respectively. We showed that selecting patients with neurologic and/or psychiatric symptoms consistent with NP-C for large-scale PSB screening is a simple and valid strategy to identify new adult NP-C patients, and would probably lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment administration if widely applied.

Correction for ‘Multivalency: influence of the residence time and the retraction rate on rupture forces measured by AFM’ by Jalal Bacharouche et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2015, 3, 1801–1812.

Ovarian cancer peritoneal metastases (OCPMs) are a pathophysiologically heterogeneous group of tumors that are rarely curable. ααIntraperitoneal administration was an efficient route for targetingCollectively, these results demonstrate the all-in-one potential of