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1. High spatial resolution correlation of AGILE TGFs and global lightning activity above the equatorial belt

Author

Fuschino F, Marisaldi M, Labanti C, Barbiellini G, Del Monte E, Bulgarelli A, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Galli M, Argan A, Trois A, Tavani M, Moretti E, Giuliani A, Longo F, Costa E, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen A, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Piano G, Pilia M, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Striani E, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Cutini S, Giommi P, Lucarelli F, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Salotti L., D'AMMANDO, FILIPPO, F., Fuschino, M., Marisaldi, C., Labanti, G., Barbiellini, Monte, E., A., Bulgarelli, M., Trifoglio, F., Gianotti, M., Galli, A., Argan, A., Troi, M., Tavani, E., Moretti, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, E., Costa, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A., Chen, F., D'Ammando, Paris, G., Cocco, G., Persio, G., I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, G., Piano, M., Pilia, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, S., Cutini, P., Giommi, F., Lucarelli, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, L., Salotti, Fuschino F, Marisaldi M, Labanti C, Barbiellini G, Del Monte E, Bulgarelli A, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Galli M, Argan A, Trois A, Tavani M, Moretti E, Giuliani A, Longo F, Costa E, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen A, DAmmando F, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Piano G, Pilia M, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Striani E, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Cutini S, Giommi P, Lucarelli F, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, and Salotti L

Subjects
AGILE satellite, terrestrial gamma ray flashes, CsI calorimeter, satellite optical observations, global lightning, Atmospheric Processes: Lightning, Lightning [Atmospheric Processes], Atmospheric Processes: Atmospheric electricity, AGILE, TGF, global lightning activity, Atmospheric electricity [Atmospheric Processes]
Abstract

The AGILE satellite detects Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) in the 0.35-100 MeV energy range using its Mini-Calorimeter (MCAL) instrument with an average detection rate of 10 TGFs/month. Thanks to its Low Earth Orbit with only 2.5 degree of inclination, AGILE guarantees an unprecedented exposure above the equator, where both lightning activity and TGF detection peak. Here we report the comparison between the AGILE TGFs detected between March 2009 and February 2010 and full climatology lightning worldwide distribution based on satellite optical observations from LIS (Lightning Imaging Sensor) and OTD (Optical Transient Detector) instruments. This approach is complementary to the one-to-one TGF/lightning correlations by ground-based sferics measurements. Based on mono and bi-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, we show that the AGILE TGFs and time-averaged global lightning in the equatorial area are not drawn from the same distribution. However, we find significant regional differences in the degree of correlation as well as in the TGF/lightning ratio. In the case of south east Asia we find a 87% probability for the TGF and lightning being samples of the same distribution. This result supports the idea that the physical conditions at play in TGF generation can have strong geographical and climatological modulation. Based on the assumption that the observed range of TGF/flash ratio holds at all latitudes we can estimate a global rate of (N) over dot similar or equal to 220 divided by 570 TGFs per day. The observed TGF/flash geographical modulation as well as the TGF global rate estimate are in agreement with previous observations. Citation: Fuschino, F., et al. (2011), High spatial resolution correlation of AGILE TGFs and global lightning activity above the equatorial belt, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L14806, doi:10.1029/2011GL047817.

Published
2011

2. The AGILE Mission

Author

Tavani M, Barbiellini G, Argan A, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Costa E, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fornari F, Fuschino F, Froysland T, Frutti M, Galli M, Gianotti F, Giuliani A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Liello F, Lipari P, Longo F, Mattaini E, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mauri A, Mauri F, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pontoni C, Porrovecchio G, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Soffitta P, Traci A, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Preger B, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli A, Cutini S, Gasparrini D, Stellato S, Fanari G, Primavera R, Tamburelli F, Viola F, Guarrera G, Salotti L, D'Amico F, Marchetti E, Crisconio M, Sabatini P, Annoni G, Alia S, Longoni A, Sanquerin R, Battilana M, Concari P, Dessimone E, Grossi R, Parise A, Monzani F, Artina E, Pavesi R, Marseguerra G, Nicolini L, Scandelli L, Soli L, Vettorello V, Zardetto E, Bonati A, Maltecca L, D'Alba E, Patane M, Babini G, Onorati F, Acquaroli L, Angelucci M, Morelli B, Agostara C, Cerone M, Michetti A, Tempesta P, D'Eramo S, Rocca F, Giannini F, Borghi G, Garavelli B, Conte M, Balasini M, Ferrario I, Vanotti M, Collavo E, Giacomazzo M., D'AMMANDO, FILIPPO, M., Tavani, G., Barbiellini, A., Argan, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G. D., Persio, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fornari, F., Fuschino, T., Froysland, M., Frutti, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, F., Liello, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, E., Mattaini, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, A., Mauri, F., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, C., Pontoni, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, P., Soffitta, A., Traci, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, B., Preger, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, A., Antonelli, S., Cutini, D., Gasparrini, S., Stellato, G., Fanari, R., Primavera, F., Tamburelli, F., Viola, G., Guarrera, L., Salotti, F., D'Amico, E., Marchetti, M., Crisconio, P., Sabatini, G., Annoni, S., Alia, A., Longoni, R., Sanquerin, M., Battilana, P., Concari, E., Dessimone, R., Grossi, A., Parise, F., Monzani, E., Artina, R., Pavesi, G., Marseguerra, L., Nicolini, L., Scandelli, L., Soli, V., Vettorello, E., Zardetto, A., Bonati, L., Maltecca, E., D'Alba, M., Patane, G., Babini, F., Onorati, L., Acquaroli, M., Angelucci, B., Morelli, C., Agostara, M., Cerone, A., Michetti, P., Tempesta, S., D'Eramo, F., Rocca, F., Giannini, G., Borghi, B., Garavelli, M., Conte, M., Balasini, I., Ferrario, M., Vanotti, E., Collavo, M., Giacomazzo, Tavani M, Barbiellini G, Argan A, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Costa E, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fornari F, Fuschino F, Froysland T, Frutti M, Galli M, Gianotti F, Giuliani A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Liello F, Lipari P, Longo F, Mattaini E, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mauri A, Mauri F, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pontoni C, Porrovecchio G, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Soffitta P, Traci A, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Preger B, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli A, Cutini S, Gasparrini D, Stellato S, Fanari G, Primavera R, Tamburelli F, Viola F, Guarrera G, Salotti L, D'Amico F, Marchetti E, Crisconio M, Sabatini P, Annoni G, Alia S, Longoni A, Sanquerin R, Battilana M, Concari P, Dessimone E, Grossi R, Parise A, Monzani F, Artina E, Pavesi R, Marseguerra G, Nicolini L, Scandelli L, Soli L, Vettorello V, Zardetto E, Bonati A, Maltecca L, D'Alba E, Patane M, Babini G, Onorati F, Acquaroli L, Angelucci M, Morelli B, Agostara C, Cerone M, Michetti A, Tempesta P, D'Eramo S, Rocca F, Giannini F, Borghi G, Garavelli B, Conte M, Balasini M, Ferrario I, Vanotti M, Collavo E, and Giacomazzo M

Subjects
Agile, Active galactic nucleus, gamma and X ray detection, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, satellite, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Pulsar, astro-ph, Angular resolution, media_common, Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, AGILE satellite, Detectors, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Universe, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Orbit (dynamics), instrumentation: detectors – techniques: high angular resolution – techniques: image processing – gamma rays: observations – X-rays: general
Abstract

AGILE is an Italian Space Agency mission dedicated to the observation of the gamma-ray Universe. The AGILE very innovative instrumentation combines for the first time a gamma-ray imager (sensitive in the energy range 30 MeV - 50 GeV), a hard X-ray imager (sensitive in the range 18-60 keV) together with a Calorimeter (sensitive in the range 300 keV - 100 MeV) and an anticoincidence system. AGILE was successfully launched on April 23, 2007 from the Indian base of Sriharikota and was inserted in an equatorial orbit with a very low particle background. AGILE provides crucial data for the study of Active Galactic Nuclei, Gamma-Ray Bursts, pulsars, unidentified gamma-ray sources, Galactic compact objects, supernova remnants, TeV sources, and fundamental physics by microsecond timing. An optimal angular resolution (reaching 0.1-0.2 degrees in gamma-rays, 1-2 arcminutes in hard X-rays) and very large fields of view (2.5 sr and 1 sr, respectively) are obtained by the use of Silicon detectors integrated in a very compact instrument. The paper describes the AGILE Mission and its space and ground segments., 20 pages, 26 figures. submitted to Astron. & Astrophys

Published
2009

3. First results about on-ground calibration of the Silicon Tracker for the AGILE satellite

Author

AGILE Collaboration, Cattaneo, P. W., Argan, A., Boffelli, F., Bulgarelli, A., Buonomo, B., Chen, A. W., D'Ammando, F., Froysland, T., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Gianotti, F., Giuliani, A., Longo, F., Marisaldi, M., Mazzitelli, G., Pellizzoni, A., Prest, M., Pucella, G., Quintieri, L., Rappoldi, A., Tavani, M., Trifoglio, M., Trois, A., Valente, P., Vallazza, E., Vercellone, S., Zambra, A., Barbiellini, G., Caraveo, P., Cocco, V., Costa, E., De Paris, G., Del Monte, E., Di Cocco, G., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Ferrari, A., Fiorini, M., Labanti, C., Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Mastropietro, M., Mereghetti, S., Morelli, E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Pacciani, L., Perotti, F., Piano, G., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Porrovecchio, G., Rapisarda, M., Rubini, A., Sabatini, S., Soffitta, P., Striani, E., Vittorini, V., Zanello, D., Colafrancesco, S., Giommi, P., Pittori, C., Santolamazza, P., Verrecchia, F., and Salotti, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The AGILE scientific instrument has been calibrated with a tagged $\gamma$-ray beam at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF). The goal of the calibration was the measure of the Point Spread Function (PSF) as a function of the photon energy and incident angle and the validation of the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of the silicon tracker operation. The calibration setup is described and some preliminary results are presented., Comment: Presented at the 2nd Roma International Conference on Astroparticle Physics 2009, Villa Mondragone, Rome, Italy, May 13-15 2009. Pages 6, Figures 10

Published
2011
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4. AGILE detection of Cygnus X-3 ��-ray active states during the period mid-2009/mid-2010

Author

Bulgarelli, A., Tavani, M., Chen, A. W., Evangelista, Y., Trifoglio, M., Gianotti, F., Piano, G., Sabatini, S., Striani, E., Pooley, G., Trushkin, S., Nizhelskij, N. A., McCollough, M., Koljonen, K. I. I., Hannikainen, D., L��hteenm��ki, A., Tammi, J., Lavonen, N., Steeghs, D., Aboudan, A., Argan, A., Barbiellini, G., Campana, R., Caraveo, P., Cattaneo, P. W., Cocco, V., Contessi, T., Costa, E., D'Ammando, F., Del Monte, E., De Paris, G., Di Cocco, G., Donnarumma, I., Feroci, M., Fiorini, M., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Giuliani, A., Giusti, M., Labanti, C., Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Longo, F., Marisaldi, M., Mereghetti, S., Morelli, E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Pacciani, L., Pellizzoni, A., Perotti, F., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Pucella, G., Rapisarda, M., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, A., Soffitta, P., Trois, A., Vallazza, E., Vercellone, S., Vittorini, V., Zambra, A., Zanello, D., Giommi, P., Pittori, C., Verrecchia, F., Santolamazza, P., Lucarelli, F., Colafrancesco, S., and Salotti, L.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract

Cygnus X-3 (Cyg X-3) is a well-known microquasar producing variable emission at all wavelengths. Cyg X-3 is a prominent X-ray binary producing relativistic jets, and studying its high energy emission is crucial for the understanding of the fundamental acceleration processes in accreting compact objects. Aims. Our goal is to study extreme particle acceleration and ��-ray production above 100 MeV during special spectral states of Cyg X- 3 usually characterized by a low hard X-ray flux and enhanced soft X-ray states. We observed Cyg X-3 with the AGILE satellite in extended time intervals from 2009 Jun.-Jul., and 2009 Nov.-2010 Jul. We report here the results of the AGILE ��-ray monitoring of Cyg X-3 as well as the results from extensive multiwavelength campaigns involving radio (RATAN-600, AMI-LA and Mets��hovi Radio Observatories) and X-ray monitoring data (XTE and Swift). We detect a series of repeated ��-ray flaring activity from Cyg X-3 that correlate with the soft X-ray states and episodes of decreasing or non-detectable hard X-ray emission. Furthermore, we detect ��-ray enhanced emission that tends to be associated with radio flares greater than 1 Jy at 15 GHz, confirming a trend already detected in previous observations. The source remained active above 100 MeV for an extended period of time (almost 1.5 months in 2009 Jun.-Jul. and 1 month in 2010 May). We study in detail the short timescale ��-ray flares that occurred before or near the radio peaks. Our results confirm the transient nature of the extreme particle acceleration from the microquasar Cyg X-3. A series of repeated ��-ray flares shows correlations with radio and X-ray emission confirming a well established trend of emission. We compare our results with Fermi-LAT and MAGIC TeV observations of Cyg X-3., 16 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables; A&A (2011)

Published
2011
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5. Characterization of a tagged $��$-ray beam line at the DA$��$NE Beam Test Facility

Author

Cattaneo, P. W., Argan, A., Boffelli, F., Bulgarelli, A., Buonomo, B., Chen, A. W., D'Ammando, F., Froysland, T., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Gianotti, F., Giuliani, A., Longo, F., Marisaldi, M., Mazzitelli, G., Pellizzoni, A., Prest, M., Pucella, G., Quintieri, L., Rappoldi, A., Tavani, M., Trifoglio, M., Trois, A., Valente, P., Vallazza, E., Vercellone, S., Zambra, A., Barbiellini, G., Caraveo, P., Cocco, V., Costa, E., De Paris, G., Del Monte, E., Di Cocco, G., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Ferrari, A., Fiorini, M., Labanti, C., Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Mastropietro, M., Mereghetti, S., Morelli, E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Pacciani, L., Perotti, F., Piano, G., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Porrovecchio, G., Rapisarda, M., Rubini, A., Sabatini, S., Soffitta, P., Striani, E., Vittorini, V., Zanello, D., Colafrancesco, S., Giommi, P., Pittori, C., Santolamazza, P., Verrecchia, F., and Salotti, L.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

At the core of the AGILE scientific instrument, designed to operate on a satellite, there is the Gamma Ray Imaging Detector (GRID) consisting of a Silicon Tracker (ST), a Cesium Iodide Mini-Calorimeter and an Anti-Coincidence system of plastic scintillator bars. The ST needs an on-ground calibration with a $��$-ray beam to validate the simulation used to calculate the energy response function and the effective area versus the energy and the direction of the $��$ rays. A tagged $��$-ray beam line was designed at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali of Frascati (LNF), based on an electron beam generating $��$ rays through bremsstrahlung in a position-sensitive target. The $��$-ray energy is deduced by difference with the post-bremsstrahlung electron energy \cite{prest}-\cite{hasan}. The electron energy is measured by a spectrometer consisting of a dipole magnet and an array of position sensitive silicon strip detectors, the Photon Tagging System (PTS). The use of the combined BTF-PTS system as tagged photon beam requires understanding the efficiency of $��$-ray tagging, the probability of fake tagging, the energy resolution and the relation of the PTS hit position versus the $��$-ray energy. This paper describes this study comparing data taken during the AGILE calibration occurred in 2005 with simulation., 23 pages; 17 figures. Second and final version accepted by Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A

Published
2011
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6. AGILE detection of extreme gamma-ray activity from the blazar PKS 1510-089 during March 2009

Author

D'Ammando, F., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Romano, P., Pucella, G., Krimm, H. A., Covino, S., Orienti, M., Giovannini, G., Vercellone, S., Pian, E., Donnarumma, I., Vittorini, V., Tavani, M., Argan, A., Barbiellini, G., Boffelli, F., Bulgarelli, A., Caraveo, P., Cattaneo, P. W., Chen, A. W., Cocco, V., Costa, E., Del Monte, E., De Paris, G., Di Cocco, G., Evangelista, Y., Feroci, M., Ferrari, A., Fiorini, M., Froysland, T., Frutti, M., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Gianotti, F., Giuliani, A., Labanti, C., Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Longo, F., Marisaldi, M., Mereghetti, S., Morselli, A., Pacciani, L., Pellizzoni, A., Perotti, F., Piano, G., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Porrovecchio, G., Prest, Michela, Rapisarda, M., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, A., Sabatini, S., Soffitta, P., Striani, E., Trifoglio, M., Trois, A., Vallazza, E., Zambra, A., Zanello, D., Agudo, I., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Arkharov, A. A., Bach, U., Benitez, E., Berdyugin, A., Blinov, D. A., Buemi, C. S., Chen, W. P., Di Paola, A., Dolci, M., Forne, E., Fuhrmann, L., Gomez, J. L., Gurwell, M. A., Jordan, B., Jorstad, S. G., Heidt, J., Hiriart, D., Hovatta, T., Hsiao, H. Y., Kimeridze, G., Konstantinova, T. S., Kopatskaya, E. N., Koptelova, E., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtanidze, S. O., Larionov, V. M., Lahteenmaki, A., Leto, P., Lindfors, E., Marscher, A. P., Mcbreen, B., Mchardy, I. M., Morozova, D. A., Nilsson, K., Pasanen, M., Roca Sogorb, M., Sillanpaa, A., Takalo, L. O., Tornikoski, M., Trigilio, C., Troitsky, I. S., Umana, G., Antonelli, L. A., Colafrancesco, S., Pittori, C., Santolamazza, P., Verrecchia, F., Giommi, P., and Salotti, L.

Subjects
radio quasar PKS 1510-089, AGILE satellite, gamma-ray, observations from UV to hard X-ray and radio
Published
2011

7. AGILE detection of extreme γ-ray activity from the blazar PKS 1510-089 during March 2009. Multifrequency analysis

Author

D' Ammando, F, Raiteri, C, Villata, M, Romano, P, Pucella, G, Krimm, H, Covino, S, Orienti, M, Giovannini, G, Vercellone, S, Pian, E, Donnarumma, I, Vittorini, V, Tavani, M, Argan, A, Barbiellini, G, Boffelli, F, Bulgarelli, A, Caraveo, P, Cattaneo, P, Chen, A, Cocco, V, Costa, E, Del Monte, E, de Paris, G, Di Cocco, G, Evangelista, Y, Feroci, M, Ferrari, A, Fiorini, M, Froysland, T, Frutti, M, Fuschino, F, Galli, M, Gianotti, F, Giuliani, A, Labanti, C, Lapshov, I, Lazzarotto, F, Lipari, P, Longo, F, Marisaldi, M, Mereghetti, S, Morselli, A, Pacciani, L, Pellizzoni, A, Perotti, F, Piano, G, Picozza, P, Pilia, M, Porrovecchio, G, Prest, M, Rapisarda, M, Rappoldi, A, Rubini, A, Sabatini, S, Soffitta, P, Striani, E, Trifoglio, M, Trois, A, Vallazza, E, Zambra, A, Zanello, D, Agudo, I, Aller, H, Aller, M, Arkharov, A, Bach, U, Benitez, E, Berdyugin, A, Blinov, D, Buemi, C, Chen, W, di Paola, A, Dolci, M, Forn#232, E, Fuhrmann, L, G#242, Mez, J, Gurwell, M, Jordan, B, Jorstad, S, Heidt, J, Hiriart, D, Hovatta, T, Hsiao, H, Kimeridze, G, Konstantinova, T, Kopatskaya, E, Koptelova, E, Kurtanidze, O, Kurtanidze, S, Larionov, V, Lahteenmaki, A, Leto, P, Lindfors, E, Marscher, A, Mcbreen, B, Mchardy, I, Morozova, D, Nilsson, K, Pasanen, M, Roca Sogorb, M, Sillanpaa, A, Takalo, L, Tornikoski, M, Trigilio, Corrado, Troitsky, I, Umana, G, Antonelli, L, Colafrancesco, S, Pittori, C, Santolamazza, P, Verrecchia, F, Giommi, P, and Salotti, L.

Published
2011

8. The December 2009 gamma-ray flare of 3C 454.3: the multifrequency campaign

Author

Pacciani, L., Vittorini, V., Tavani, M., Fiocchi, M. T., Vercellone, S., D'Ammando, F., Sakamoto, T., Pian, E., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Sasada, M., Itoh, R., Yamanaka, M., Uemura, M., Striani, E., Fugazza, D., Tiengo, A., Krimm, H. A., Stroh, M. C., Falcone, A. D., Curran, P. A., Sadun, A. C., Lahteenmaki, A., Tornikoski, M., Aller, H. D., Aller, M. F., Lin, C. S., Larionov, V. M., Leto, P., Takalo, L. O., Berdyugin, A., Gurwell, M. A., Bulgarelli, A., Chen, A. W., Donnarumma, I., Giuliani, A., Longo, F., Pucella, G., Argan, A., Caraveo, G. Barbiellini P., Cattaneo, P. W., Cocco, V., Costa, E., De Paris, G., Del Monte, E., Di Cocco, G., Evangelista, Y., Ferrari, A., Feroci, M., Fiorini, M., Fuschino, F., Galli, M., Gianotti, F., Labanti, C., Lapshov, I., Lazzarotto, F., Lipari, P., Marisaldi, M., Mereghetti, S., Morelli, E., Moretti, E., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, A., Perotti, F., Piano, G., Picozza, P., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, M., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, A., Sabatini, S., Soffitta, P., Trifoglio, M., Trois, A., Vallazza, E., Zanello, D., Colafrancesco, S., Pittori, C., Verrecchia, F., Santolamazza, P., Lucarelli, F., Giommi, P., and Salotti, L.

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

During the month of December, 2009 the blazar 3C 454.3 became the brightest gamma-ray source in the sky, reaching a peak flux F ~2000E-8 ph/cm2/s for E > 100 MeV. Starting in November, 2009 intensive multifrequency campaigns monitored the 3C 454 gamma-ray outburst. Here we report the results of a 2-month campaign involving AGILE, INTEGRAL, Swift/XRT, Swift/BAT, RossiXTE for the high-energy observations, and Swift/UVOT, KANATA, GRT, REM for the near-IR/optical/UV data. The GASP/WEBT provided radio and additional optical data. We detected a long-term active emission phase lasting ~1 month at all wavelengths: in the gamma-ray band, peak emission was reached on December 2-3, 2009. Remarkably, this gamma-ray super-flare was not accompanied by correspondingly intense emission in the optical/UV band that reached a level substantially lower than the previous observations in 2007-2008. The lack of strong simultaneous optical brightening during the super-flare and the determination of the broad-band spectral evolution severely constrain the theoretical modelling. We find that the pre- and post-flare broad-band behavior can be explained by a one-zone model involving SSC plus external Compton emission from an accretion disk and a broad-line region. However, the spectra of the Dec. 2-3, 2009 super-flare and of the secondary peak emission on Dec. 9, 2009 cannot be satisfactorily modelled by a simple one-zone model. An additional particle component is most likely active during these states., 21 pages, 2 figures, ApJL accepted

Published
2010
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9. Field Camera Unit for WSO-UV: Phase A Study Report

Author

Pagano I., Bacciotti F., Bedin L., Bracciaferri F., Brocato E., Bulgarelli A., Buson L., Cacciari C., Capetti A., Cassatella A., Cavazzuti E., Claudi R., De Martino D., De Paris G., Ferraro F., Fiorini M., and Gambicorti L. ... [et al.]

Subjects
astronomy, telescope, optics
Published
2007

12. THE 2009 DECEMBER GAMMA-RAY FLARE OF 3C 454.3: THE MULTIFREQUENCY CAMPAIGN

Author

L. Salotti, E. Moretti, Mark Gurwell, C. Pittori, M. Tavani, S. Vercellone, V. Vittorini, F. Longo, T. Sakamoto, Martino Marisaldi, A. Morselli, M. Galli, P. Santolamazza, G. Barbiellini P. Caraveo, Elena Pian, C. M. Raiteri, M. Pilia, Francesco Lucarelli, A. Trois, A. Rubini, F. D'Ammando, F. Verrecchia, Michael C. Stroh, M. Prest, F. Perotti, Andrea Tiengo, E. Vallazza, P. W. Cattaneo, M. Feroci, Merja Tornikoski, M. Villata, L. Pacciani, P. Picozza, A. Pellizzoni, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, A. Rappoldi, M. Fiorini, Ryosuke Itoh, P. A. Curran, Masayuki Yamanaka, G. Pucella, F. Lazzarotto, Valeri M. Larionov, C. S. Lin, F. Gianotti, A. C. Sadun, A. Giuliani, V. Cocco, Arnaud Ferrari, P. Lipari, M. Trifoglio, M. Fiocchi, E. Morelli, Andrei Berdyugin, G. Piano, H. A. Krimm, Sandro Mereghetti, L. O. Takalo, A. D. Falcone, S. Colafrancesco, Claudio Labanti, D. Zanello, F. Fuschino, D. Fugazza, G. Di Cocco, M. Rapisarda, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Makoto Uemura, P. Giommi, Anne Lähteenmäki, G. De Paris, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, P. Soffitta, A. W. Chen, Paolo Leto, Hugh D. Aller, E. Striani, Mahito Sasada, I. Lapshov, M. F. Aller, S. Sabatini, Pacciani L, Vittorini V, Tavani M, Fiocchi MT, Vercellone S, DAmmando F, Sakamoto T, Pian E, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Sasada M, Itoh R, Yamanaka M, Uemura M, Striani E, Fugazza D, Tiengo A, Krimm HA, Stroh MC, Falcone AD, Curran PA, Sadun AC, Lahteenmaki A, Tornikoski M, Aller HD, Aller MF, Lin CS, Larionov VM, Leto P, Takalo LO, Berdyugin A, Gurwell MA, Bulgarelli A, Chen AW, Donnarumma I, Giuliani A, Longo F, Pucella G, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Costa E, De Paris G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Ferrari A, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zanello D, Colafrancesco S, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Lucarelli F, Giommi P, Salotti L, L., Pacciani, V., Vittorini, M., Tavani, M. T., Fiocchi, S., Vercellone, F., D'Ammando, T., Sakamoto, E., Pian, C. M., Raiteri, M., Villata, M., Sasada, R., Itoh, M., Yamanaka, M., Uemura, E., Striani, D., Fugazza, A., Tiengo, H. A., Krimm, M. C., Stroh, A. D., Falcone, P. A., Curran, A. C., Sadun, A., Lahteenmaki, M., Tornikoski, H. D., Aller, M. F., Aller, C. S., Lin, V. M., Larionov, P., Leto, L. O., Takalo, A., Berdyugin, M. A., Gurwell, A., Bulgarelli, A. W., Chen, I., Donnarumma, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, G., Pucella, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, E. D., Monte, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, D., Zanello, S., Colafrancesco, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, F., Lucarelli, P., Giommi, and L., Salotti

Subjects
Agile, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, galaxies: active, Flux, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, gamma-ray source, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Active Galactic Nuclei, Spectral line, blazar, law.invention, Accretion disc, multi wavelength observation, law, quasars: general, Blazar, media_common, Physics, galaxies: individual (3C 454.3), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Wavelength, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Flare
Abstract

During the month of 2009 December, the blazar 3C 454.3 became the brightest gamma-ray source in the sky, reaching a peak flux F 2000 × 10 -8 photons cm-2 s-1 for E > 100 MeV. Starting in 2009 November intensive multifrequency campaigns monitored the 3C 454 gamma-ray outburst. Here, we report on the results of a two-month campaign involving AGILE, INTEGRAL, Swift/XRT, Swift/BAT, and Rossi XTE for the high-energy observations and Swift/UVOT, KANATA, Goddard Robotic Telescope, and REM for the near-IR/optical/UV data. GASP/WEBT provided radio and additional optical data. We detected a long-term active emission phase lasting 1 month at all wavelengths: in the gamma-ray band, peak emission was reached on 2009 December 2-3. Remarkably, this gamma-ray super-flare was not accompanied by correspondingly intense emission in the optical/UV band that reached a level substantially lower than the previous observations in 2007-2008. The lack of strong simultaneous optical brightening during the super-flare and the determination of the broadband spectral evolution severely constrain the theoretical modeling. We find that the pre- and post-flare broadband behavior can be explained by a one-zone model involving synchrotron self-Compton plus external Compton emission from an accretion disk and a broad-line region. However, the spectra of the 2009 December 2-3 super-flare and of the secondary peak emission on 2009 December 9 cannot be satisfactorily modeled by a simple one-zone model. An additional particle component is most likely active during these states. © 2010. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Published
2010
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13. Long-term AGILE monitoring of the puzzling gamma-ray source 3EG J1835+5918

Author

G. De Paris, A. Zambra, F. D'Ammando, M. Feroci, M. Fiorini, Dario Gasparrini, L. Pacciani, F. Longo, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, F. Boffelli, M. Rapisarda, P. Picozza, A. Argan, F. Perotti, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, A. Trois, Andrea Bulgarelli, I. Donnarumma, T. Froysland, P. Soffitta, A. Pellizzoni, Guido Barbiellini, Enrico Costa, Y. Evangelista, F. Lazzarotto, V. Vittorini, V. Cocco, P. Santolamazza, M. Trifoglio, A. Giuliani, Paolo Lipari, A. W. Chen, P. Giommi, F. Fuschino, S. Vercellone, C. Pittoril, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, Martino Marisaldi, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, P. A. Caraveo, I. Lapshov, M. Prest, S. Colafrancesco, Marco Tavani, G. Piano, A. Morselli, Claudio Labanti, L. Salotti, D. Zanello, M. Marelli, G. Di Cocco, S. Cutini, Fulvio Gianotti, Bulgarelli A, Tavani M, Caraveo P, Chen AW, Gianotti F, Trifoglio M, Marelli M, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Costa E, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Giuliani A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Soffitta P, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Giommi P, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Gasparrini D, Cutini S, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, A., Bulgarelli, M., Tavani, P., Caraveo, A. W., Chen, F., Gianotti, M., Trifoglio, M., Marelli, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, A., Giuliani, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, P., Soffitta, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, P., Giommi, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, D., Gasparrini, S., Cutini, S., Colafrancesco, and L., Salotti

Subjects
Photon, Field (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Field of view, Astrophysics, Unidentified Gamma-ray Source, Power law, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE gamma ray satellite, 3EG J1835+5918, Egret, Physics, biology, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, Term (time), Space and Planetary Science, Unidentified Gamma-ray Sources, AGILE satellite, gamma rays: observations
Abstract

We present the AGILE gamma-ray observations of the field containing the puzzling gamma-ray source 3EG J1835+5918. This source is one of the most remarkable unidentified EGRET sources. An unprecedentedly long AGILE monitoring of this source yields important information on the positional error box, flux evolution, and spectrum. 3EG J1835+5918 has been in the AGILE field of view several times in 2007 and 2008 for a total observing time of 138 days from 2007 Sept 04 to 2008 June 30 encompassing several weeks of continuous coverage. With an exposure time approximately twice that of EGRET, AGILE confirms the existence of a prominent gamma-ray source (AGL J1836+5926) at a position consistent with that of EGRET, although with a remarkably lower average flux value for photon energies greater than 100 MeV. A 5-day bin temporal analysis of the whole data set of AGL J1836+5926 shows some evidence for variability of the gamma-ray flux. The source spectrum between 100 MeV and 1 GeV can be fitted with a power law with photon index in the range 1.6-1.7, fully consistent with the EGRET value. The faint X-ray source RX J1836.2+5925 that has been proposed as a possible counterpart of 3EG J1835+5918 is well within the AGILE error box. Future continuous monitoring (both by AGILE and GLAST) is needed to confirm the gamma-ray flux variability and to unveil the source origin, a subject that is currently being pursued through a multiwavelength search for counterparts., Comment: accepted for publication by Astron. & Astrophys, 4 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables

Published
2008
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14. AGILE Detection of a Strong Gamma-Ray Flare from the Blazar 3C 454.3

Author

T. Froysland, Martino Marisaldi, G. De Paris, Dario Gasparrini, Fulvio Gianotti, F. Perotti, F. Mauri, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, M. Prest, S. Cutini, Francesco Longo, G. Di Cocco, Paolo Giommi, Francesco Lazzarotto, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, Paolo Soffitta, F. Verrecchia, Marco Tavani, A. Pellizzoni, D. Zanello, Massimo Rapisarda, Claudio Labanti, Alessio Trois, Sergio Colafrancesco, L. A. Antonelli, P. A. Caraveo, Sandro Mereghetti, A. Giuliani, S. Vercellone, M. Fiorini, I. Donnarumma, Guido Barbiellini, A. Morselli, F. D'Ammando, Y. Evangelista, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Paolo Lipari, E. Vallazza, F. Fuschino, V. Cocco, V. Vittorini, E. Del Monte, M. Trifoglio, G. Pucella, I. Lapshov, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, A. W. Chen, C. Pittori, S., Vercellone, A. W., Chen, A., Giuliani, A., Bulgarelli, I., Donnarumma, I., Lapshov, M., Tavani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, F., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, D., Gasparrini, S., Cutini, P., Giommi, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, L., Salotti, Vercellone S, Chen AW, Giuliani A, Bulgarelli A, Donnarumma I, Lapshov I, Tavani M, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cocco V, Costa E, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mauri F, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Gasparrini D, Cutini S, Giommi P, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, and Salotti L

Subjects
High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Active Galactic Nuclei, AGILE satellite, Agile, Photon, blazar, gamma and X-ray detection, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, law.invention, astro-ph, law, Blazar, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Space and Planetary Science, gamma rays: observations — quasars: individual (3C 454.3), Energy (signal processing), Flare
Abstract

We report the first blazar detection by the AGILE satellite. AGILE detected 3C 454.3 during a period of strongly enhanced optical emission in July 2007. AGILE observed the source with a dedicated repointing during the period 2007 July 24-30 with its two co-aligned imagers, the Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector and the hard X-ray imager Super-AGILE sensitive in the 30 MeV-50 GeV and 18-60 keV, respectively. Over the entire period, AGILE detected gamma-ray emission from 3C 454.3 at a significance level of 13.8-$\sigma$ with an average flux (E$>$100 MeV) of $(280 \pm 40) \times 10^{-8}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The gamma-ray flux appears to be variable towards the end of the observation. No emission was detected by Super-AGILE in the energy range 20-60 keV, with a 3-$\sigma$ upper limit of $2.3 \times 10^{-3}$ photons cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The gamma-ray flux level of 3C 454.3 detected by AGILE is the highest ever detected for this quasar and among the most intense gamma-ray fluxes ever detected from Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars., Comment: Accepted by Astrophysical Journal Letters; 14 pages, 3 EPS Figures, 1 Table

Published
2008
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15. The axial actuators for the VST primary mirror

Author

Davide Fierro, G. De Paris, Laurent Marty, Jacopo Farinato, Raffaele Tomelleri, Pierfrancesco Rossettini, Sergio D'Orsi, Cesare Molfese, Massimo Capaccioli, F. Perrotta, Pietro Schipani, Fierro, D., D'Orsi, S., Marty, L., Molfese, C., Perrotta, F., Schipani, P., Capaccioli, Massimo, de Paris, G., Tomelleri, R., Rossettini, P. F., and Farinato, J.

Subjects
Primary mirror, Wavefront, Physics, Transverse plane, Optics, business.industry, Open-loop controller, Meniscus, Active optics, business, Actuator, Axial symmetry
Abstract

The VST primary mirror is a 2.6-m meniscus made of Astro-Sitall. An active optics system is implemented to correct surface errors due to manufacturing or induced by gravity and temperature changes. The primary mirror is axially supported by 84 supports disposed in four concentric rings. Three of the supports, symmetrically placed and much stiffer than the other ones, define the axial plane of the primary mirror acting as fixed points. The remaining 81 supports are force controlled actuators, used to change the shape of the mirror according to wavefront measurements in closed loop operation, or to a look-up table in open loop. This paper describes the solutions adopted for the axial actuator, as well as the test campaign to assess their performance and degree of reliability.

Published
2010
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16. Direct Evidence for Hadronic Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in the Supernova Renmant IC 443

Author

C. Pittori, Marco Feroci, F. Fuschino, Luigi Pacciani, Paolo Soffitta, G. De Paris, A. Giuliani, E. Scalise, Filippo D'Ammando, V. Cocco, M. Mastropietro, E. Del Monte, V. Vittorini, Arnaud Ferrari, Paolo Lipari, M. Trifoglio, Y. Evangelista, S. Vercellone, F. Perotti, Francesco Lazzarotto, P. Santolamazza, A. Zambra, A. Pellizzoni, G. Di Cocco, E. Striani, I. Lapshov, Fulvio Gianotti, I. Donnarumma, Martino Marisaldi, L. Salotti, Elena Moretti, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Rappoldi, A. W. Chen, P. Picozza, P. Giommi, Massimo Rapisarda, G. Pucella, F. Longo, D. Zanello, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, T. Contessi, Enrico Costa, Claudio Labanti, L. A. Antonelli, G. Piano, P. A. Caraveo, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, Sandro Mereghetti, A. Morselli, S. Colafrancesco, M. Prest, Alessio Trois, M. Pilia, Marco Tavani, S. Sabatini, Ennio Morelli, G. Barbiellini, E. Vallazza, M., Tavani, A., Giuliani, A. W., Chen, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, F., D'Ammando, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, E. D., Monte, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Feroci, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Pucella, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Scalise, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, E., Striani, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L. A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, Tavani M, Giuliani A, Chen AW, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Contessi T, DAmmando F, Costa E, De Paris G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Ferrari A, Feroci M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Pucella G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Scalise E, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Striani E, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli LA, and Salotti L

Subjects
Agile, Photon, Supernova Remnants, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, gamma ray production, supernova, Supernova remnant, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Molecular cloud, AGILE satellite, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, cosmic rays – gamma rays: general – ISM: supernova remnants – supernovae: general – supernovae: individual (IC 443)
Abstract

The Supernova Remnant (SNR) IC 443 is an intermediate-age remnant well known for its radio, optical, X-ray and gamma-ray energy emissions. In this Letter we study the gamma-ray emission above 100 MeV from IC 443 as obtained by the AGILE satellite. A distinct pattern of diffuse emission in the energy range 100 MeV-3 GeV is detected across the SNR with its prominent maximum (source "A") localized in the Northeastern shell with a flux F = (47 \pm 10) 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} above 100 MeV. This location is the site of the strongest shock interaction between the SNR blast wave and the dense circumstellar medium. Source "A" is not coincident with the TeV source located 0.4 degree away and associated with a dense molecular cloud complex in the SNR central region. From our observations, and from the lack of detectable diffuse TeV emission from its Northeastern rim, we demonstrate that electrons cannot be the main emitters of gamma-rays in the range 0.1-10 GeV at the site of the strongest SNR shock. The intensity, spectral characteristics, and location of the most prominent gamma-ray emission together with the absence of co-spatial detectable TeV emission are consistent only with a hadronic model of cosmic-ray acceleration in the SNR. A high-density molecular cloud (cloud "E") provides a remarkable "target" for nucleonic interactions of accelerated hadrons: our results show enhanced gamma-ray production near the molecular cloud/shocked shell interaction site. IC 443 provides the first unambiguous evidence of cosmic-ray acceleration by SNRs., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; accepted by ApJLetters on Jan 21, 2010

Published
2010
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17. AGILE detection of intense gamma-ray activity from the blazar PKS 0537-441 in October 2008

Author

Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, F. Boffelli, G. De Paris, E. Vallazza, Martino Marisaldi, Claudio Labanti, C. Pittori, T. Froysland, Domenico Impiombato, Ennio Morelli, A. Zambra, A. Morselli, F. Longo, A. Treves, Fulvio Gianotti, A. W. Chen, P. Caraveo, M. Fiorini, L. Salotti, G. Di Cocco, Francesco Lazzarotto, F. Perotti, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, M. Perri, Filippo D'Ammando, G. Barbiellini, V. Vittorini, M. Prest, P. Santolamazza, M. Galli, G. Piano, F. Verrecchia, Marco Tavani, P. Giommi, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Argan, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, Andrea Bulgarelli, A. Pellizzoni, Sandro Mereghetti, Enrico Costa, Maura Pilia, Elena Pian, E. Striani, Alessio Trois, P. Picozza, I. Lapshov, S. Colafrancesco, M. Trifoglio, S. Sabatini, A. Giuliani, D. Zanello, Hans A. Krimm, Massimo Rapisarda, L. A. Antonelli, V. Cocco, A. Rappoldi, Paolo Lipari, F. Fuschino, D. Fugazza, Paolo Soffitta, P. Romano, S. Vercellone, Pucella G, DAmmando F, Romano P, Treves A, Pian E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Piano G, Impiombato D, Fugazza D, Verrecchia F, Krimm HA, Donnarumma I, Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Chen AW, Giuliani A, Longo F, Pacciani L, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Costa E, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Striani E, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Perri M, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, G., Pucella, F., D'Ammando, P., Romano, A., Treve, E., Pian, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, G., Piano, D., Impiombato, D., Fugazza, F., Verrecchia, H. A., Krimm, I., Donnarumma, M., Tavani, A., Bulgarelli, A. W., Chen, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, L., Pacciani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, S., Sabatini, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, M., Perri, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, and L., Salotti

Subjects
Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission, gamma-ray activity, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, Context (language use), Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Active Galactic Nuclei, law.invention, Luminosity, Telescope, AGILE, X-ray, law, Target of opportunity, gamma rays: general – BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 0537-441 – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Blazar, Physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution
Abstract

Context. We report the detection by the AGILE satellite of intense gamma-ray activity from the source 1AGL J0538-4424, associated with the low-energy-peaked BL Lac PKS 0537-441, during a target of opportunity (ToO) observation performed on 2008 October 10-17, triggered by a Fermi-LAT alert, together with REM and Swift observations. Aims. The quasi-simultaneous near-infrared, optical, UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray coverage allowed us to investigate the behaviour of the source in different energy bands and study the spectral energy distribution and a theoretical model that can describe the gamma-ray state observed in mid-October. Methods. AGILE observed the source with its two co-aligned imagers: the Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector (GRID) and the hard X-ray imager (SuperAGILE), sensitive in the 30 MeV-30 GeV and 18-60 keV ranges, respectively. During the AGILE observation, the source was monitored simultaneously in the UV and X-ray bands by the Swift satellite through 6 ToO observations carried out between 2008 October 8 and 17. Moreover, the source was observed in the near-infrared and optical bands by the REM telescope on 2008 October 7, 8, and 9. Results. During 2008 October 10-17, AGILE-GRID detected gamma-ray emission from PKS 0537-441 at a significance level of 5.3-sigma with an average flux of (42 +/- 11) x 10(-8) photons cm(-2) s(-1) for energies higher than 100 MeV. A significant increase in the gamma-ray activity was detected between the first and the second halves of the observing period. REM and Swift/XRT detected the source in near-infrared/optical and X-rays during a relatively low and intermediate activity state, respectively, with no signs of evident variability in the different observations. However, Swift/UVOT detected an increase between the first and the second parts of the observing period, smaller than in the gamma-rays. Conclusions. The average gamma-ray flux of PKS 0537-441 detected by AGILE is close to the average flux observed for this source by the EGRET and Fermi-LAT instruments, with an increase of a factor 3 throughout the observation period up to a flux level slightly lower than the highest flux observed by Fermi-LAT during the first 11 months of operation. The spectral energy distribution of PKS 0537-441 in mid-October 2008 seems to require two synchrotron self-Compton components to be modelled, to account for both the near-infrared/optical bump and the X-ray data, together with the information on the gamma-ray flux level observed by AGILE. An alternative model based on the external Compton radiation, which requires an accretion disk with a relatively high luminosity, is also proposed.

Published
2010

18. Extreme particle acceleration in the microquasar Cygnus X-3

Author

Francesco Longo, Martino Marisaldi, C. Pittori, Paolo Lipari, Arnaud Ferrari, M. Prest, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, S. Sabatini, A. Pellizzoni, E. Striani, I. Lapshov, F. Perotti, S. Colafrancesco, Fulvio Gianotti, Francesco Lazzarotto, A. Giuliani, E. Rossi, Ennio Morelli, Karri I. I. Koljonen, Marco Tavani, E. Scalise, Y. Evangelista, Maura Pilia, Guy G. Pooley, M. Galli, F. Fuschino, Alessio Trois, I. Donnarumma, Massimo Rapisarda, F. Verrecchia, N. A. Nizhelskij, P. A. Caraveo, E. Del Monte, D. Zanello, L. Salotti, V. Cocco, M. Trifoglio, G. Pucella, A. Mauri, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, G. De Paris, T. Contessi, G. Piano, A. W. Chen, P. Giommi, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, G. Di Persio, A. Morselli, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, S. Vercellone, Michael L. McCollough, P. Picozza, P. Santolamazza, Alda Rubini, Sergei A. Trushkin, A. Zambra, M. Mastropietro, Guido Barbiellini, V. Vittorini, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Angelo Antonelli, E. Mattaini, G. Di Cocco, Claudio Labanti, M., Tavani, A., Bulgarelli, G., Piano, S., Sabatini, E., Striani, Y., Evangelista, A., Troi, G., Pooley, S., Trushkin, N. A., Nizhelskij, M., Mccollough, K. I. I., Koljonen, G., Pucella, A., Giuliani, A. W., Chen, E., Costa, V., Vittorini, M., Trifoglio, F., Gianotti, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G. D., Persio, I., Donnarumma, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, E., Mattaini, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, A., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, P., Santolamazza, A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Piano G, Sabatini S, Striani E, Evangelista Y, Trois A, Pooley G, Trushkin S, Nizhelskij NA, McCollough M, Koljonen KII, Pucella G, Giuliani A, Chen AW, Costa E, Vittorini V, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Contessi T, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fuschino F, Galli M, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Mattaini E, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mauri A, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Santolamazza P, Antonelli A, and Salotti L

Subjects
Active galactic nucleus, Black Holes, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, super massive black holes, X-ray binary, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Relativistic particle, AGILE, Astrophysical jet, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Supermassive black hole, Cygnus, Multidisciplinary, particle acceleration, microquasar, Cygnus X-3, Astronomy, X-ray emission, Particle acceleration, Black hole, Neutron star, AGILE satellite
Abstract

Galactic microquasars are binaries with a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole accreting gas from a companion star. They can accelerate particles to relativistic energies and emit radio flares, but the mechanism of jet energization is not known. A survey of the Cygnus region between mid-2007 and mid-2009 has detected four major γ-ray flaring episodes with energies over 100 MeV, each lasting 1 or 2 days, emanating from the microquasar Cygnus X-3. There is a clear pattern of temporal correlation between the γ-ray flares and transitional spectral states of radio and X-ray emission. Particle acceleration occurred a few days before radio jet ejections for two of the flares, suggesting that jet formation involves the production of highly energetic particles. Super-massive black holes in active galaxies can accelerate particles to relativistic energies, producing jets with associated γ-ray emission. Galactic 'microquasars' also produce relativistic jets; however, apart from an isolated event detected in Cygnus X-1, there has hitherto been no systematic evidence for the acceleration of particles to gigaelectronvolt or higher energies in a microquasar. Here, a report of four γ-ray flares with energies above 100 MeV from the microquasar Cygnus X-3 illuminates this important problem. Super-massive black holes in active galaxies can accelerate particles to relativistic energies1, producing jets with associated γ-ray emission. Galactic ‘microquasars’, which are binary systems consisting of a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole accreting gas from a companion star, also produce relativistic jets, generally together with radio flares2. Apart from an isolated event detected3 in Cygnus X-1, there has hitherto been no systematic evidence for the acceleration of particles to gigaelectronvolt or higher energies in a microquasar, with the consequence that we are as yet unsure about the mechanism of jet energization. Here we report four γ-ray flares with energies above 100 MeV from the microquasar Cygnus X-3 (an exceptional X-ray binary4,5,6 that sporadically produces radio jets7,8,9). There is a clear pattern of temporal correlations between the γ-ray flares and transitional spectral states of the radio-frequency and X-ray emission. Particle acceleration occurred a few days before radio-jet ejections for two of the four flares, meaning that the process of jet formation implies the production of very energetic particles. In Cygnus X-3, particle energies during the flares can be thousands of times higher than during quiescent states.

Published
2009

19. Monitoring the hard X-ray sky with SuperAGILE

Author

S. Cutini, S. Stellato, M. Trifoglio, Ennio Morelli, G. De Paris, Martino Marisaldi, Massimiliano Fiorini, F. Boffelli, G. Fanari, F. Fuschino, F. Fornari, C. Pittori, I. Donnarumma, T. Froysland, A. W. Chen, F. Liello, F. Perotti, A. Pellizzoni, Francesco Longo, Attilio Ferrari, A. Morselli, Guido Barbiellini, V. Vittorini, A. Antonelli, G. Pucella, A. Argan, Alessandro Traci, Marco Tavani, S. Sabatini, Andrea Bulgarelli, Sergio Colafrancesco, Enrico Costa, F. Mauri, Sandro Mereghetti, Francesco Lazzarotto, P. W. Cattaneo, M. Prest, R. Primavera, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Tamburelli, P. Santolamazza, F. Verrecchia, Paolo Lipari, Elena Moretti, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Alda Rubini, I. Lapshov, A. Mauri, Paolo Giommi, F. D'Ammando, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, V. Cocco, A. Giuliani, P. A. Caraveo, Dario Gasparrini, Y. Evangelista, G. Piano, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, C. Pontoni, E. Rossi, Massimo Rapisarda, D. Zanello, Claudio Labanti, E. Del Monte, E. Mattaini, G. Di Cocco, Massimo Frutti, S. Vercellone, G. Di Persio, Paolo Soffitta, B. Preger, Marcello Mastropietro, Maura Pilia, Alessio Trois, Fulvio Gianotti, Geiland Porrovecchio, M., Feroci, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, L., Pacciani, M., Rapisarda, P., Soffitta, G. D., Persio, M., Frutti, M., Mastropietro, E., Morelli, G., Porrovecchio, A., Rubini, A., Antonelli, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, S., Colafrancesco, S., Cutini, F., D'Ammando, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G., Fanari, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fornari, F., Fuschino, T., Froysland, M., Galli, D., Gasparrini, F., Gianotti, P., Giommi, A., Giuliani, C., Labanti, F., Liello, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, E., Mattaini, M., Marisaldi, A., Mauri, F., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, C., Pittori, C., Pontoni, B., Preger, M., Prest, R., Primavera, G., Pucella, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, S., Sabatini, P., Santolamazza, M., Tavani, S., Stellato, F., Tamburelli, A., Traci, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, F., Verrecchia, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, L., Salotti, Feroci M, Costa E, Del Monte E, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Pacciani L, Rapisarda M, Soffitta P, Di Persio G, Frutti M, Mastropietro M, Morelli E, Porrovecchio G, Rubini A, Antonelli A, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Colafrancesco S, Cutini S, DAmmando F, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Fanari G, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fornari F, Fuschino F, Froysland T, Galli M, Gasparrini D, Gianotti F, Giommi P, Giuliani A, Labanti C, Liello F, Lipari P, Longo F, Mattaini E, Marisaldi M, Mauri A, Mauri F, Mereghetti S, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Pittori C, Pontoni C, Preger B, Prest M, Primavera R, Pucella G, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Sabatini S, Santolamazza P, Tavani M, Stellato S, Tamburelli F, Traci A, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Verrecchia F, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, and Salotti L

Subjects
Agile, Photon, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, X-ray sources, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, SuperAgile, x-ray detector, extragalactic and galactic sources, Optics, Angular resolution, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, business.industry, Detector, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, instrumentation: detectors – X-rays: binaries – X-rays: general, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Celestial coordinate system, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

SuperAGILE is the hard X-ray monitor of the AGILE gamma ray mission, in orbit since 23$^{rd}$ April 2007. It is an imaging experiment based on a set of four independent silicon strip detectors, equipped with one-dimensional coded masks, operating in the nominal energy range 18-60 keV. The main goal of SuperAGILE is the observation of cosmic sources simultaneously with the main gamma-ray AGILE experiment, the Gamma Ray Imaging Detector (GRID). Given its $\sim$steradian-wide field of view and its $\sim$15 mCrab day-sensitivity, SuperAGILE is also well suited for the long-term monitoring of Galactic compact objects and the detection of bright transients. The SuperAGILE detector properties and design allow for a 6 arcmin angular resolution in each of the two independent orthogonal projections of the celestial coordinates. Photon by photon data are continuously available by the experiment telemetry, and are used to derive images and fluxes of individual sources, with integration times depending on the source intensity and position in the field of view. In this paper we report on the main scientific results achieved by SuperAGILE over its first two years in orbit, until April 2009., Comment: Accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2009
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20. Detection of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula with AGILE

Author

A. Pellizzoni, M. Galli, A. Giuliani, F. Verrecchia, Francesco Lazzarotto, E. Vallazza, C. Pittori, T. Contessi, N. D'Amico, G. Piano, G. De Paris, A. Argan, Sandro Mereghetti, E. Rossi, E. Scalise, A. Morselli, Arnaud Ferrari, E. Striani, P. Santolamazza, Andrea Bulgarelli, F. Fuschino, I. Lapshov, S. Colafrancesco, L. Salotti, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, Massimo Rapisarda, G. Di Cocco, A. Possenti, Enrico Costa, S. Sabatini, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, G. Pucella, P. Picozza, Marco Tavani, G. Barbiellini, Elena Moretti, Martino Marisaldi, A. Rappoldi, D. Zanello, M. Prest, V. Cocco, M. Mastropietro, F. Perotti, M. Burgay, V. Vittorini, A. W. Chen, Claudio Labanti, A. Zambra, Paolo Lipari, P. Giommi, J. Palfreyman, Giovanni F. Bignami, P. A. Caraveo, M. Trifoglio, M. Fiorini, E. Del Monte, Aidan Hotan, F. Longo, Angelo Antonelli, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Maura Pilia, Alessio Trois, Paolo Esposito, Fulvio Gianotti, G. Di Persio, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, S. Vercellone, Pellizzoni A, Trois A, Tavani M, Pilia M, Giuliani A, Pucella G, Esposito P, Sabatini S, Piano G, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Burgay M, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Contessi T, Costa E, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Hotan A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Palfreyman J, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pittori C, Possenti A, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Santolamazza P, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Striani E, Trifoglio M, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Verrecchia F, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli A, Salotti L, D'Amico N, Bignami GF, A., Pellizzoni, A., Troi, M., Tavani, M., Pilia, A., Giuliani, G., Pucella, P., Esposito, S., Sabatini, G., Piano, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, A., Bulgarelli, M., Burgay, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G. D., Persio, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Hotan, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, J., Palfreyman, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, C., Pittori, A., Possenti, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, P., Santolamazza, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, F., Verrecchia, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, N., D'Amico, and G. F., Bignami

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Vela, Pulsar wind nebula, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, gamma detection, Relativistic particle, AGILE, Pulsar Wind Nebulae, Pulsar, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, AGILE satellite, education, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, pulsar, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula, AGILE, gamma-rays, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Phenomenology (particle physics), X-ray pulsar
Abstract

Pulsars are known to power winds of relativistic particles that can produce bright nebulae by interacting with the surrounding medium. These pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are observed in the radio, optical, x-rays and, in some cases, also at TeV energies, but the lack of information in the gamma-ray band prevents from drawing a comprehensive multiwavelength picture of their phenomenology and emission mechanisms. Using data from the AGILE satellite, we detected the Vela pulsar wind nebula in the energy range from 100 MeV to 3 GeV. This result constrains the particle population responsible for the GeV emission, probing multivavelength PWN models, and establishes a class of gamma-ray emitters that could account for a fraction of the unidentified Galactic gamma-ray sources., Comment: Accepted by Science; first published online on December 31, 2009 in Science Express. Science article and Supporting Online Material are available at http://www.sciencemag.org

Published
2009
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21. AGILE detection of intense gamma-ray emission from the blazar PKS 1510-089

Author

C. Pittori, T. Froysland, A. Pellizzoni, Alessio Trois, Margo F. Aller, H. D. Aller, F. Boffelli, Filippo D'Ammando, Marco Feroci, D. Zanello, Luigi Pacciani, G. Pucella, F. Perotti, Fulvio Gianotti, C. M. Raiteri, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, E. Del Monte, Francesco Longo, A. W. Chen, G. De Paris, V. Cocco, Francesco Lazzarotto, Y. Evangelista, Marco Tavani, S. Cutini, G. Di Cocco, M. Prest, Sergio Colafrancesco, M. Villata, L. A. Antonelli, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, I. Donnarumma, A. Argan, M. Fiorini, Massimo Rapisarda, D. Carosati, P. Lipari, Andrea Bulgarelli, Dario Gasparrini, F. Fuschino, Enrico Costa, Martino Marisaldi, V. Vittorini, Valeri M. Larionov, M. Trifoglio, A. Giuliani, I. Lapshov, A. Morselli, P. A. Caraveo, Claudio Labanti, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, Guido Barbiellini, R. Ligustri, Paolo Giommi, S. Vercellone, Paolo Soffitta, G., Pucella, V., Vittorini, F., D'Ammando, M., Tavani, C. M., Raiteri, M., Villata, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, E., Costa, E., Delmonte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, L. A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, S., Cutini, D., Gasparrini, P., Giommi, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, L., Salotti, M. F., Aller, H. D., Aller, D., Carosati, V. M., Larionov, R., Ligustri, Pucella G, Vittorini V, DAmmando F, Tavani M, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Costa E, DelMonte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Giuliani A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Zambra A, Zanello D, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Cutini S, Gasparrini D, Giommi P, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Salotti L, Aller MF, Aller HD, Carosati D, Larionov VM, and Ligustri R

Subjects
High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Active Galactic Nuclei, AGILE satellite, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Photon energy, law.invention, Telescope, AGILE, law, gamma ray satellite, quasar, Blazar, Physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, gamma rays: observations -- radiation mechanisms: non-thermal -- quasars: individual: PKS 1510-089, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution, Flare
Abstract

We report the detection by the AGILE (Astro-rivelatore Gamma a Immagini LEggero) satellite of an intense gamma-ray flare from the source AGL J1511-0909, associated with the powerful quasar PKS 1510-089, during ten days of observations from 23 August to 1 September 2007. During the observation period, the source was in optical decrease following a flaring event monitored by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT). The simultaneous gamma-ray, optical, and radio coverage allows us to study the spectral energy distribution and the theoretical models based on the synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) emission mechanisms. AGILE observed the source with its two co-aligned imagers, the Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector and the hard X-ray imager Super-AGILE sensitive in the 30 MeV - 50 GeV and 18 - 60 keV bands, respectively. Between 23 and 27 August 2007, AGILE detected gamma-ray emission from PKS 1510-089 when this source was located about 50 degrees off-axis, with an average flux of (270 +/- 65) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} for photon energy above 100 MeV. In the following period, 28 August - 1 September, after a satellite re-pointing, AGILE detected the source at about 35 degrees off-axis, with an average flux (E > 100 MeV) of (195 +/- 30) x 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1}. No emission was detected by Super-AGILE, with a 3-sigma upper limit of 45 mCrab in 200 ksec. The spectral energy distribution is modelled with a homogeneous one-zone synchrotron self Compton (SSC) emission plus contributions by external photons: the SSC emission contributes primarily to the X-ray band, whereas the contribution of the IC from the external disc and the broad line region match the hard gamma-ray spectrum observed., 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2008
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22. Multiwavelength observations of 3C 454.3. I. The AGILE 2007 November campaign on the 'Crazy Diamond'

Author

P. Santolamazza, I. Donnarumma, Francesco Longo, M. Galli, A. Argan, P. Romano, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Verrecchia, S. Vercellone, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, Andrea Bulgarelli, G. De Paris, Paolo Giommi, Francesco Lazzarotto, V. Cocco, Sandro Mereghetti, Enrico Costa, P. W. Cattaneo, Paolo Soffitta, Filippo D'Ammando, G. Barbiellini, G. Novara, C. M. Raiteri, F. Fornari, Attilio Ferrari, Massimo Rapisarda, G. Di Cocco, A. Morselli, F. Senziani, Angela Bazzano, Y. Evangelista, Claudio Labanti, Mariateresa Fiocchi, F. Fuschino, C. Pittori, A. Rappoldi, T. Froysland, Gino Tosti, S. Cutini, Andrea Belfiore, Marco Tavani, Wen Ping Chen, A. W. Chen, A. Pellizzoni, Sergio Colafrancesco, P. Lipari, E. Del Monte, A. Giuliani, Massimiliano Fiorini, Dario Gasparrini, I. Lapshov, F. Boffelli, Alessio Trois, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, D. Impiombato, Pietro Ubertini, V. Vittorini, M. Trifoglio, D. Zanello, B. Preger, Fulvio Gianotti, E. Vallazza, G. Pucella, F. Perotti, A. De Luca, P. A. Caraveo, M. Prest, M. Villata, Martino Marisaldi, S., Vercellone, A. W., Chen, V., Vittorini, A., Giuliani, F., D'Ammando, M., Tavani, I., Donnarumma, G., Pucella, C. M., Raiteri, M., Villata, W. P., Chen, G., Tosti, D., Impiombato, P., Romano, A., Belfiore, A. D., Luca, G., Novara, F., Senziani, A., Bazzano, M. T., Fiocchi, P., Ubertini, A., Ferrari, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, F., Fornari, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, L., Pacciani, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, B., Preger, D., Gasparrini, S., Cutini, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L., Salotti, Vercellone S, Chen AW, Vittorini V, Giuliani A, DAmmando F, Tavani M, Donnarumma I, Pucella G, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Chen WP, Tosti G, Impiombato D, Romano P, Belfiore A, De Luca A, Novara G, Senziani F, Bazzano A, Fiocchi MT, Ubertini P, Ferrari A, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Costa E, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Fornari F, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Pacciani L, Perotti F, Picozza P, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Preger B, Gasparrini D, Cutini S, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, and Salotti L

Subjects
High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Active Galactic Nuclei, AGILE satellite, Agile, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Inverse, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Electron, blazar, law.invention, Telescope, law, Blazar, Electronic band structure, galaxies: active – galaxies: jets – quasars: general – quasars: individual (3C 454.3) – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Line (formation), Physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Compton scattering, multiwavelength observation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets, quasars: general, quasars: individual: 3C 454.3, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Space and Planetary Science
Abstract

[Abridged] We report on a multiwavelength observation of the blazar 3C 454.3 (which we dubbed "crazy diamond") carried out on November 2007 by means of the astrophysical satellites AGILE, INTEGRAL, Swift, the WEBT Consortium, and the optical-NIR telescope REM. 3C 454.3 is detected at a $\sim 19-\sigma$ level during the 3-week observing period, with an average flux above 100 MeV of $F_{\rm E>100MeV} = (170 \pm 13) \times 10^{-8}$ \phcmsec. The gamma-ray spectrum can be fit with a single power-law with photon index $\Gamma_{\rm GRID} = 1.73 \pm 0.16$ between 100 MeV and 1 GeV. We detect significant day-by-day variability of the gamma-ray emission during our observations, and we can exclude that the fluxes are constant at the 99.6% ($\sim 2.9 \sigma$) level. The source was detected typically around 40 degrees off-axis, and it was substantially off--axis in the field of view of the AGILE hard X-ray imager. However, a 5-day long ToO observation by INTEGRAL detected 3C 454.3 at an average flux of about $F_{\rm 20-200 keV} = 1.49 \times 10^{-3}$ \phcmsec with an average photon index of $\Gamma_{\rm IBIS} = 1.75 \pm 0.24$ between 20--200 keV. Swift also detected 3C 454.3 with a flux in the 0.3--10 keV energy band in the range $(1.23-1.40) \times 10^{-2}$ \phcmsec{} and a photon index in the range $\Gamma_{\rm XRT} = 1.56-1.73$. In the optical band, both WEBT and REM show an extremely variable behavior in the $R$ band. A correlation analysis based on the entire data set is consistent with no time-lags between the gamma-ray and the optical flux variations. Our simultaneous multifrequency observations strongly indicate that the dominant emission mechanism between 30 MeV and 30 GeV is dominated by inverse Compton scattering of relativistic electrons in the jet on the external photons from the broad line region., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Abridged Abstract. 37 pages, 14 Figures, 3 Tables

Published
2008
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23. AGILE detection of GeV $\sf$γ-ray emission from the SNR W28

Author

A. Giuliani, M. Tavani, A. Bulgarelli, E. Striani, S. Sabatini, M. Cardillo, Y. Fukui, A. Kawamura, A. Ohama, N. Furukawa, K. Torii, H. Sano, F. A. Aharonian, F. Verrecchia, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, P. A. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, A. W. Chen, V. Cocco, E. Costa, F. D'Ammando, E. Del Monte, G. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, M. Feroci, M. Fiorini, T. Froysland, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, F. Gianotti, C. Labanti, Y. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, F. Longo, M. Marisaldi, S. Mereghetti, A. Morselli, E. Moretti, L. Pacciani, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, P. Picozza, M. Pilia, M. Prest, G. Pucella, M. Rapisarda, A. Rappoldi, P. Soffitta, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, E. Vallazza, S. Vercellone, V. Vittorini, A. Zambra, D. Zanello, C. Pittori, P. Santolamazza, P. Giommi, S. Colafrancesco, L. Salotti, A., Giuliani, M., Tavani, A., Bulgarelli, E., Striani, S., Sabatini, M., Cardillo, Y., Fukui, A., Kawamura, A., Ohama, N., Furukawa, K., Torii, H., Sano, F. A., Aharonian, F., Verrecchia, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P. A., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, Y., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, A., Morselli, E., Moretti, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L., Salotti, Giuliani A, Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Striani E, Sabatini S, Cardillo M, Fukui Y, Kawamura A, Ohama A, Furukawa N, Torii K, Sano H, Aharonian FA, Verrecchia F, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo PA, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Costa E, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov Y, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Moretti E, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, and Salotti L

Subjects
Supernova Remnants, Supernova, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, acceleration of particles – diffusion – ISM: supernova remnants – gamma rays: ISM, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, AGILE, galactic cosmic rays, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Spectral line, law.invention, Telescope, law, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Molecular cloud, AGILE satellite, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Supernova remnants (SNRs) are believed to be the main sources of Galactic cosmic rays. Molecular clouds associated with SNRs can produce gamma-ray emission through the interaction of accelerated particles with the concentrated gas. The middle aged SNR W28, for its associated system of dense molecular clouds, provides an excellent opportunity to test this hypothesis. We present the AGILE/GRID observations of SNR W28, and compare them with observations at other wavelengths (TeV and 12CO J=1-->0 molecular line emission). The gamma-ray flux detected by AGILE from the dominant source associated with W28 is (14 +- 5) 10^-8 ph cm^-2 s^-1 for E > 400 MeV. This source is positionally well correlated with the TeV emission observed by the HESS telescope. The local variations of the GeV to TeV flux ratio suggest a difference between the CR spectra of the north-west and south molecular cloud complexes. A model based on a hadronic-induced interaction and diffusion with two molecular clouds at different distances from the W28 shell can explain both the morphological and spectral features observed by AGILE in the MeV-GeV energy range and by the HESS telescope in the TeV energy range. The combined set of AGILE and H.E.S.S. data strongly support a hadronic model for the gamma-ray production in W28., Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters

Published
2010
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24. VST: The telescope progress toward stars

Author

Schipani, P., Capaccioli, M., D Orsi, S., Marcozzi, C., Marty, L., Paris, G., Fierro, D., Carmelo Arcidiacono, Farinato, J., Magrin, D., Ragazzoni, R., Umbriaco, G., Brescia, M., Molfese, C., Perrotta, F., Ferragina, L., Marconi M.,Cascone E.,Iodice E.,Andretta V.,Mazzotta Epifani E., Schipani, P., Capaccioli, M., D'Orsi, S., Marcozzi, C., Marty, L., De Paris, G., Fierro, D., Arcidiacono, C., Farinato, J., Magrin, D., Ragazzoni, R., Umbriaco, G., Brescia, M., Molfese, C., Perrotta, F., and Ferragina, L.

Subjects
Active optics, Telescopes, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Radiology, Telescope
Abstract

The VST telescope is in an advanced stage of integration in Chile, after a period of work spent mainly on the active optics system, started in mid-2007. We present the results of the recent work on the primary and secondary mirror support systems and on the mirror cell auxiliary units.

25. Gamma-ray localization of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes

Author

M. Rapisarda, E. Del Monte, A. Argan, G. Pucella, I. Donnarumma, M. Pilia, Andrea Bulgarelli, Y. Evangelista, A. Rubini, Enrico Costa, S. Vercellone, P. Soffitta, A. Zambra, F. D'Ammando, Fulvio Gianotti, M. Feroci, Marco Tavani, M. Fiorini, F. Longo, Sandro Mereghetti, Claudio Labanti, E. Moretti, G. De Paris, A. W. Chen, A. Morselli, P. Giommi, S. Colafrancesco, Martino Marisaldi, D. Zanello, G. Di Persio, L. Pacciani, V. Vittorini, E. Vallazza, P. Santolamazza, F. Fuschino, G. Piano, P. A. Caraveo, Arnaud Ferrari, P. Lipari, G. Di Cocco, P. W. Cattaneo, S. Cutini, E. Striani, M. Prest, S. Sabatini, I. Lapshov, G. Barbiellini, A. Pellizzoni, A. Giuliani, A. Trois, Fabrizio Lucarelli, P. Picozza, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, L. Salotti, M. Trifoglio, F. Perotti, F. Lazzarotto, C. Pittori, T. Froysland, L. A. Antonelli, A. Rappoldi, Marisaldi M, Argan A, Trois A, Giuliani A, Tavani M, Labanti C, Fuschino F, Bulgarelli A, Longo F, Barbiellini G, Del Monte E, Moretti E, Trifoglio M, Costa E, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen A, DAmmando F, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Galli M, Gianotti F, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Mereghetti S, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Piano G, Pilia M, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Soffitta P, Striani E, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Antonelli LA, Colafrancesco S, Cutini S, Giommi P, Lucarelli F, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, and Salotti L

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Agile, Photon, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Attenuation, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, minicalorimeter, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, Astrophysics, Electromagnetic radiation, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Atmosphere of Earth, Optics, Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), Satellite, business, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes (TGFs) are very short bursts of high energy photons and electrons originating in Earth's atmosphere. We present here a localization study of TGFs carried out at gamma-ray energies above 20 MeV based on an innovative event selection method. We use the AGILE satellite Silicon Tracker data that for the first time have been correlated with TGFs detected by the AGILE Mini-Calorimeter. We detect 8 TGFs with gamma-ray photons of energies above 20 MeV localized by the AGILE gamma-ray imager with an accuracy of 5-10 degrees at 50 MeV. Remarkably, all TGF-associated gamma rays are compatible with a terrestrial production site closer to the sub-satellite point than 400 km. Considering that our gamma rays reach the AGILE satellite at 540 km altitude with limited scattering or attenuation, our measurements provide the first precise direct localization of TGFs from space., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, available at http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v105/i12/e128501

26. Living in a loft

Author

Feroci, M., Stella, L., Klis, M., Courvoisier, T. J. -L, Hernanz, M., Hudec, R., Santangelo, A., Walton, D., Zdziarski, A., Barret, D., Belloni, T., Braga, J., Brandt, S., Budtz-Jørgensen, C., Campana, S., Den Herder, J. -W, Huovelin, J., Israel, G. L., Pohl, M., Ray, P., Vacchi, A., Zane, S., Argan, A., Attinà, P., Bertuccio, G., Bozzo, E., Campana, R., Chakrabarty, D., Costa, E., Rosa, A., Del Monte, E., Di Cosimo, S., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Haas, D., Jonker, P., Korpela, S., Labanti, C., Malcovati, P., Mignani, R., Muleri, F., Rapisarda, M., Rashevski, A. R., Rea, N., Rubini, A., Tenzer, C., Wilson-Hodge, C., Winter, B., Wood, K., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Abramowicz, M. A., Alpar, M. A., Altamirano, D., Alvarez, J. M., Amati, L., Amoros, C., Antonelli, L. A., Artigue, R., Azzarello, P., Bachetti, M., Baldazzi, G., Barbera, M., Barbieri, C., Basa, S., Baykal, A., Belmont, R., Boirin, L., Bonvicini, V., Burderi, L., Bursa, M., Cabanac, C., Cackett, E., Caliandro, G. A., Casella, P., Chaty, S., Chenevez, J., Coe, M. J., Collura, A., Corongiu, A., Covino, S., Cusumano, G., D’amico, F., Dall’osso, S., Martino, D., Paris, G., Di Persio, G., Di Salvo, T., chris done, Dovčiak, M., Drago, A., Ertan, U., Fabiani, S., Falanga, M., Fender, R., Ferrando, P., Della Monica Ferreira, D., Fraser, G., Frontera, F., Fuschino, F., Galvez, J. L., Ghandi, P., Giommi, P., Godet, O., Göğüş, E., Goldwurm, A., Götz, D., Grassi, M., Guttridge, P., Hakala, P., Henri, G., Hermsen, W., Horak, J., Hornstrup, A., In’t Zand, J. J. M., Isern, J., Kalemci, E., Kanbach, G., Karas, V., Kataria, D., Kennedy, T., Klochkov, D., Kluźniak, W., Kokkotas, K., Kreykenbohm, I., Krolik, J., Kuiper, L., Kuvvetli, I., Kylafis, N., Lattimer, J. M., Lazzarotto, F., Leahy, D., Lebrun, F., Lin, D., Lund, N., Maccarone, T., Malzac, J., Marisaldi, M., Martindale, A., Mastropietro, M., Mcclintock, J., Mchardy, I., Mendez, M., Mereghetti, S., Miller, M. C., Mineo, T., Morelli, E., Morsinck, S., Motch, C., Motta, S., Muñoz-Darias, T., Naletto, A., Neustroev, V., Nevalainen, J., Olive, J. F., Orio, M., Orlandini, M., Orleanski, P., Ozel, F., Pacciani, L., Paltani, S., Papadakis, I., Papitto, A., Patruno, A., Pellizzoni, A., Petráček, V., Petri, J., Petrucci, P. O., Phlips, B., Picolli, L., Possenti, A., Psaltis, D., Rambaud, D., Reig, P., Remillard, R., Rodriguez, J., Romano, P., Romanova, M., Schanz, T., Schmid, C., Segreto, A., Shearer, A., Smith, A., Smith, P. J., Soffitta, P., Stergioulas, N., Stolarski, M., Stuchlik, Z., Tiengo, A., Török, G., Torres, D., Turolla, R., Uttley, P., Vaughan, S., Vercellone, S., Waters, R., Watts, A., Wawrzaszek, R., Webb, N., Wilms, J., Zampieri, L., Zezas, A., Ziolkowski, J., PoS, Feroci M., Stella L., van der Klis M., Courvoisier T.J.-L., Hernanz M., Hudec R., Santangelo A., Walton D., Zdziarski A., Barret D., Belloni T., Braga J., Brandt S., Budtz-Jorgensen C., Campana S., den Herder J.-W., Huovelin J., Israel G.L., Pohl M., Ray P., Vacchi A., Zane S., Argan A., Attina P., Bertuccio G., Bozzo E., Campana R., Chakrabarty D., Costa E., De Rosa A., Del Monte E., Di Cosimo S., Donnarumma I., Evangelista Y., Haas D., Jonker P., Korpela S., Labanti C., Malcovati P., Mignani R., Muleri F., Rapisarda M., Rashevski A.R., Rea N., Rubini A., Tenzer C., Wilson-Hodge C., Winter B., Wood K., Zampa G., Zampa N., Abramowicz M.A., Alpar M.A., Altamirano D., Alvarez J.M., Amati L., Amoros C., Antonelli L.A., Artigue R., Azzarello P., Bachetti M., Baldazzi G., Barbera M., Barbieri C., Basa S., Baykal A., Belmont R., Boirin L., Bonvicini V., Burderi L., Bursa M., Cabanac C., Cackett E., Caliandro G.A., Casella P., Chaty S., Chenevez J., Coe M.J., Collura A., Corongiu A., Covino S., Cusumano G., D'Amico F., Dall'Osso S., De Martino D., De Paris G., Di Persio G., Di Salvo T., Done C., Dovciak M., Drago A., Ertan U., Fabiani S., Falanga M., Fender R., Ferrando P., Della Monica Ferreira D., Fraser G., Frontera F., Fuschino F., Galvez J.L., Ghandi P., Giommi P., Godet O., Gogus E., Goldwurm A., Gotz D., Grassi M., Guttridge P., Hakala P., Henri G., Hermsen W., Horak J., Hornstrup A., in't Zand J.J.M., Isern J., Kalemci E., Kanbach G., Karas V., Kataria D., Kennedy T., Klochkov D., Kluzniak W., Kokkotas K., Kreykenbohm I., Krolik J., Kuiper L., Kuvvetli I., Kylafis N., Lattimer J.M., Lazzarotto F., Leahy D., Lebrun F., Lin D., Lund N., Maccarone T., Malzac J., Marisaldi M., Martindale A., Mastropietro M., McClintock J., McHardy I., Mendez M., Mereghetti S., Miller M.C., Mineo T., Morelli E., Morsinck S., Motch C., Motta S., Munoz-Darias T., Naletto A., Neustroev V., Nevalainen J., Olive J.F., Orio M., Orlandini M., Orleanski P., Ozel F., Pacciani L., Paltani S., Papadakis I., Papitto A., Patruno A., Pellizzoni A., Petracek V., Petri J., Petrucci P.O., Phlips B., Picolli L., Possenti A., Psaltis D., Rambaud D., Reig P., Remillard R., Rodriguez J., Romano P., Romanova M., Schanz T., Schmid C., Segreto A., Shearer A., Smith A., Smith P.J., Soffitta P., Stergioulas N., Stolarski M., Stuchlik Z., Tiengo A., Torok G., Torres D., Turolla R., Uttley P., Vaughan S., Vercellone S., Waters R., Watts A., Wawrzaszek R., Webb N., Wilms J., Zampieri L., Zezas A., and Ziolkowski J.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, LOFT (Large area Observatory For x-ray Timing), Matter under extreme condition, Large Area Detector (LAD), Wide Field Monitor (WFM), Silicon Drift Detector (SDD)
Abstract

LOFT (Large area Observatory For x-ray Timing) is an innovative mission concept for the next generation of X-ray experiments, submitted to the ESA Call for Medium size missions “M3”. Recent developments in the field of Silicon detectors allowed us to design a realistic observatory devoted to X-ray timing studies with an effective area above 10 m2, operating in the energy range 2-30 keV with an energy resolution of ∼250 eV. Such an exceedingly large area (20 times that of RXTE/PCA), with a time resolution better than 10 µs, will enable unprecedently fast and accurate time variability studies related to accreting collapsed objects (e.g. fast coherent pulsations and QPOs). The scientific payload is complemented by a coded-mask wide field monitor based on similar detectors. In this paper we present the mission concept, the payload design and the expected performances.

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