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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-trr-10.1177_03611981221145136 for Modeling Exhaust-Generated Aerodynamic Pressure Loads on Airfield Matting Repair Systems by Brandon M. Rittelmeyer, David B. Roueche, Alessandra Bianchini and James S. Davidson in Transportation Research Record

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-trr-10.1177_03611981221145136 for Modeling Exhaust-Generated Aerodynamic Pressure Loads on Airfield Matting Repair Systems by Brandon M. Rittelmeyer, David B. Roueche, Alessandra Bianchini and James S. Davidson in Transportation Research Record

This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author. Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.

This paper documents the sixteenth data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys; the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the southern hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS) and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey (SPIDERS) programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)., Comment: DR16 release: Monday Dec 9th 2019. This is the alphabetical order SDSS-IV collaboration data release paper. 25 pages, 6 figures, accepted by ApJS on 11th May 2020. Minor changes clarify or improve text and figures relative to v1

Obtaining reliable uncertainty estimates of neural network predictions is a long standing challenge. Bayesian neural networks have been proposed as a solution, but it remains open how to specify their prior. In particular, the common practice of an independent normal prior in weight space imposes relatively weak constraints on the function posterior, allowing it to generalize in unforeseen ways on inputs outside of the training distribution. We propose noise contrastive priors (NCPs) to obtain reliable uncertainty estimates. The key idea is to train the model to output high uncertainty for data points outside of the training distribution. NCPs do so using an input prior, which adds noise to the inputs of the current mini batch, and an output prior, which is a wide distribution given these inputs. NCPs are compatible with any model that can output uncertainty estimates, are easy to scale, and yield reliable uncertainty estimates throughout training. Empirically, we show that NCPs prevent overfitting outside of the training distribution and result in uncertainty estimates that are useful for active learning. We demonstrate the scalability of our method on the flight delays data set, where we significantly improve upon previously published results., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures

Planning has been very successful for control tasks with known environment dynamics. To leverage planning in unknown environments, the agent needs to learn the dynamics from interactions with the world. However, learning dynamics models that are accurate enough for planning has been a long-standing challenge, especially in image-based domains. We propose the Deep Planning Network (PlaNet), a purely model-based agent that learns the environment dynamics from images and chooses actions through fast online planning in latent space. To achieve high performance, the dynamics model must accurately predict the rewards ahead for multiple time steps. We approach this using a latent dynamics model with both deterministic and stochastic transition components. Moreover, we propose a multi-step variational inference objective that we name latent overshooting. Using only pixel observations, our agent solves continuous control tasks with contact dynamics, partial observability, and sparse rewards, which exceed the difficulty of tasks that were previously solved by planning with learned models. PlaNet uses substantially fewer episodes and reaches final performance close to and sometimes higher than strong model-free algorithms., Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, 1 table

Domain knowledge can often be encoded in the structure of a network, such as convolutional layers for vision, which has been shown to increase generalization and decrease sample complexity, or the number of samples required for successful learning. In this study, we ask whether sample complexity can be reduced for systems where the structure of the domain is unknown beforehand, and the structure and parameters must both be learned from the data. We show that sample complexity reduction through learning structure is possible for at least two simple cases. In studying these cases, we also gain insight into how this might be done for more complex domains., Comment: Accepted for ICML 2017 Workshop on Picky Learners

We propose ThalNet, a deep learning model inspired by neocortical communication via the thalamus. Our model consists of recurrent neural modules that send features through a routing center, endowing the modules with the flexibility to share features over multiple time steps. We show that our model learns to route information hierarchically, processing input data by a chain of modules. We observe common architectures, such as feed forward neural networks and skip connections, emerging as special cases of our architecture, while novel connectivity patterns are learned for the text8 compression task. Our model outperforms standard recurrent neural networks on several sequential benchmarks., Comment: NIPS 2017

Supplemental Material, Supplementary_information for Evaluation of the Pharmacodynamic Effects of the Potassium Binder RDX7675 in Mice by James P. Davidson, Andrew J. King, Padmapriya Kumaraswamy, Jeremy S. Caldwell, Paul Korner, Robert C. Blanks, and Jeffrey W. Jacobs in Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

In this memo, I discuss the Asian American and Latino communities – similarities, differences and key points of intersection. One of the points of intersection is the group Asian Hispanics, people who identify as both Latino and Asian American, which include some familiar faces even though the group itself is relatively small.

A Real Business Cycle model of the UK is developed to account for the behaviour of UK nonstationary macro data. The model is tested by the method of indirect inference, bootstrapping the errors to generate 95% confidence limits for a VECM representation of the data; we find the model can explain the behaviour of main variables (GDP, real exchange rate, real interest rate) but not that of detailed GDP components. We use the model to explain how 'crisis' and 'euphoria' are endemic in capitalist behaviour due to nonstationarity; and we draw some policy lessons.

In a context where over-indebtedness and financial exclusion have been recognised as problems in Australia, it is undesirable that those who can least afford it, pay a high cost for short-term consumer credit. Evidence points to an increase in consumer debt in Australia and consequential over-indebtedness which has been shown to lead to a wide range of social problems.2 There is also evidence of financial exclusion, where consumers suffer a lack of access to mainstream financial services, and in Australia this is particularly the case with regard to access to safe and affordable credit.3 Financial exclusion can only exacerbate over-indebtedness, given that financially excluded, predominantly low income consumers , have been shown to turn to high cost credit to meet their short term credit needs. This is a problem that has been explored most recently in the Victorian Consumer Credit Review...

The region of the earth below the land surface and above the water-saturated zone plays a major role in determining the behavior of hydrologic systems. To help educators and other interested individuals evaluate and continue molding the U.S. educational effort in the hydrology of the unsaturated zone, the AGU Hydrology Section Committee on Water in the Unsaturated Zone conducted a study of the number and level of university educational programs involved in unsaturated zone hydrology. The basis for this report was the questionnaire shown here as Figure 1. A total of 189 questionnaires were sent to departments in schools of engineering, earth science, and agriculture. Nine of the 114 returns were rejected because of mistakes or duplication. The remaining 105 could be divided almost half and half into those from departments in schools of engineering and schools of earth science (58) and those from schools of agriculture (47).

in considering this subject we are faced at the outset with a difficulty inasmuch as we must restrict ourselves in this essay to the nervous and muscular mechanisms of respiration and must neglect the chemical aspect with which the other two are intimately correlated. so intimate indeed is the interrelationship between the various mechanisms in the normal functioning of the body that we offer no excuse for digressing here and there to deal with topics which may appear extraneous but which nevertheless have a certain amount of bearing on our main theme. The fact so often emphasised by Sir J. Arthur Thomson that we must not confine the sciences to watertight compartments is especially true of Physiology where the relationship to the allied sciences of Chemistry, Physics, and Anatomy, is of such a degree of intimacy that the proper appreciation of a physiological topic requires a moderate, if not extensive, understanding of the relationships which the other sciences bear to it. Particularly is this true of Respiration where, in order to appreciate the nervous and muscular mechanisms, we must have some aquaintance with the respiratory gases, with the atmosphere which we breath, with the anatomy of the respiratory system and with those chemical changes which take place both in the lungs where the inspired air comes into such close contact with the circulating blood and in the tissues bathed by that blood.

A method has been evolved whereby the enzyme uricase can be isolated from pig liver, and a preparation 500 - 700 times more active than the starting material has been obtained. The purest preparatlon has a specific activity of 85 - 90 μl. per mg . per min . compared with 0.12 - 0 .15 μ1. per mg . per min. for the dry liver powder used as starting material. The pure enzyme is a white protein, insoluble in water , almost insoluble in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 but soluble in alkaline solutions such as borate buffer pH 10 . Solutions of the enzyme are almost colourless . The enzyme contains 0 .15 - 0.20% iron , a mere trace of copper, no cobalt or manganese, and 14.4% of nitrogen . The activity of the enzyme is retained for several weeks when it is preserved in t he form of a solution in borate buffer at 0° but the free protein loses its activity more rapidly . The enzyme cannot be dried without great loss of activity. The velocity of the enzyme action is proportional to the oxygen pressure being only 7% as great in a mixture of 2% oxygen and 98% argon as in 100% oxygen. When argon is replaced by carbon monoxide no inhibition occurs . On the other hand the enzyme is completely inhibited by cyanides in a concentration as low as M/20,000. Inhibition by cyanide suggests that the enzyme is a heavy metal compound and the possibility exists that iron is the active group of the enzyme although thi s has not been conclusively proved. The iron appears to be tightly bound to the protein and all attempts to remove it have failed .

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in July 2014. It pursues three core programs: APOGEE-2, MaNGA, and eBOSS. In addition, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: TDSS and SPIDERS. This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13), which contains new data, reanalysis of existing data sets and, like all SDSS data releases, is inclusive of previously released data. DR13 makes publicly available 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA, the first data released from this survey. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing SEQUELS. In addition to targeting galaxies and quasars, SEQUELS also targeted variability-selected objects from TDSS and X-ray selected objects from SPIDERS. DR13 includes new reductions of the SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification. DR13 releases new reductions of the APOGEE-1 data from SDSS-III, with abundances of elements not previously included and improved stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. For the SDSS imaging data, DR13 provides new, more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Several value-added catalogs are being released in tandem with DR13, in particular target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS, and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE. This paper describes the location and format of the data now publicly available, as well as providing references to the important technical papers that describe the targeting, observing, and data reduction. The SDSS website, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials and examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6-year operations of SDSS-IV., Comment: Full information on DR13 available at http://www.sdss.org. Comments welcome to spokesperson@sdss.org. To be published in ApJS