1,422 results on '"David Harris"'
Search Results
2. The Role of Titanium Dioxide (E171) and the Requirements for Replacement Materials in Oral Solid Dosage Forms: An IQ Consortium Working Group Review
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Ross Blundell, Paul Butterworth, Anne Charlier, Dominick Daurio, Matthias Degenhardt, David Harris, Bruno Hancock, Megan Johnston, Ram Kasina, Jonathan Kaye, Ron Kelly, Philip Lienbacher, Liz Meehan, Jason Melnick, Peter Ojakovo, Jochen Schoell, Bernhard Schimmelle, Mike Tobyn, Leonie Wagner-Hattler, Joanne Wakeman, and Raphael Wiedey
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Excipients ,Titanium ,Talc ,Humans ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Food Additives ,Starch ,Calcium Carbonate ,Tablets - Abstract
Titanium dioxide (in the form of E171) is a ubiquitous excipient in tablets and capsules for oral use. In the coating of a tablet or in the shell of a capsule the material disperses visible and UV light so that the contents are protected from the effects of light, and the patient or caregiver cannot see the contents within. It facilitates elegant methods of identification for oral solid dosage forms, thus aiding in the battle against counterfeit products. Titanium dioxide ensures homogeneity of appearance from batch to batch fostering patient confidence. The ability of commercial titanium dioxide to disperse light is a function of the natural properties of the anatase polymorph of titanium dioxide, and the manufacturing processes used to produce the material utilized in pharmaceuticals. In some jurisdictions E171 is being considered for removal from pharmaceutical products, as a consequence of it being delisted as an approved colorant for foods. At the time of writing, in the view of the authors, no system or material which could address both current and future toxicological concerns of Regulators and the functional needs of the pharmaceutical industry and patients has been identified. This takes into account the assessment of materials such as calcium carbonate, talc, isomalt, starch and calcium phosphates. In this paper an IQ Consortium team outlines the properties of titanium dioxide and criteria to which new replacement materials should be held.
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- 2022
3. The Impact of Abdominal Body Contouring Surgery on Physical Function After Massive Weight Loss: A Pilot Prospective Matched Comparison
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Sobhan Mardan-Dezfouli, Owen G Reid, Matthew D Fliss, Jordan Stevenson, David Harris, Michael R Lyon, Michael S Koehle, and Cameron J Mitchell
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Surgery ,General Medicine - Abstract
Background Many individuals develop excess skin (ES) following massive weight loss (MWL). Patient-reported outcomes demonstrate that abdominal ES negatively impacts perceived physical function which is improved by abdominal body contouring surgery (ABCS). However, the effect of ABCS on objective measures of physical function is unknown. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the impact of ABCS on objective measures of physical function in individuals who have undergone MWL. Methods Patients who have undergone MWL with abdominal ES (grade, ≥2) underwent the following physical function assessments: 9-item modified physical performance test (mPPT), chair stand, star excursion balance test (SEBT), timed up and go (TUG), modified agility T test, and 6-minute walk test (6-MWT). Perception of physical exertion and BODY-Q questionnaire scales were also collected. Nonsurgical controls (n = 21) and those who had undergone ABCS (n = 6) after the first visit performed a second physical function assessment 8 to 12 weeks later to allow for postoperative healing. Results No ceiling or floor effect was detected for any physical function measure. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.44, 0.91) for the mPPT and >0.80 for all other measures. The effect sizes were 0.74 (75% CI, 0.19, 1.28) for the mPPT, 0.54 (75% CI, 0.00, 1.08) for the SEBT, –0.63 (75% CI, –1.17, –0.09) for the modified agility T test, and 0.79 (75% CI, 0.24, 0.13) for the 6-MWT. Conclusions The mPPT and tests involving dynamic balance, agility, and walking were reliable and showed medium to large effect sizes, suggesting that these tests may be sensitive to change following ABCS. Level of Evidence: 2
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- 2022
4. The relationship between environmental statistics and predictive gaze behaviour during a manual interception task: Eye movements as active inference
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David Harris, Samuel James Vine, Mark Wilson, and Tom Arthur
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Human observers are known to frequently act like Bayes-optimal decision makers and there is growing evidence that the deployment of the visual system may similarly be driven by probabilistic mental models of the environment. We tested whether eye movements during a dynamic interception task were indeed optimised according to Bayesian inference principles. Forty-one participants intercepted oncoming balls in a virtual reality racquetball task across five counterbalanced conditions in which the relative probability of the onset location was manipulated. Analysis of pre-onset gaze positions indicated that eye position tracked the true distribution of onset location, indicating that the gaze system spontaneously adhered to environmental statistics. Eye position did not, however, minimise the distance between the target and foveal vision in a fully probabilistic way, and instead often reflected a ‘best guess’ about onset location. Trial-to-trial changes in gaze position were found to be better explained by Bayesian learning models (Hierarchical Gaussian Filter) than associative learning models. Additionally, parameters relating to the precision of beliefs and prediction errors extracted from the participant-wise models were related to both task-evoked pupil dilations and variability in gaze positions, providing further evidence that probabilistic context was reflected in spontaneous gaze dynamics.
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- 2023
5. Effects of Cleft Lip on Visual Scanning and Neural Processing of Infant Faces
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Amanda Hahn, Juergen Riedelsheimer, Zoë Royer, Jeffrey Frederick, Rachael Kee, Rhiannon Crimmins, Bernd Huber, David Harris, and Kelly Jantzen
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Infant faces readily capture adult attention and elicit enhanced neural processing, likely due to their importance evolutionarily in facilitating bonds with caregivers. Facial malformations have been shown to impact early infant-caregiver interactions negatively. However, it remains unclear how such facial malformations may impact early visual processing. The current study used a combination of eye tracking and electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate adults’ early visual processing of infant faces with cleft lip/palate as compared to normal infant faces, as well as the impact cleft palate has on perceived cuteness. The results demonstrate a significant decrease in early visual attention to the eye region for infants with cleft palate, while increased visual attention is registered on the mouth region. Increased neural processing of the cleft palate was evident at the N170 and LPP, suggesting differences in configural processing and affective responses to the faces. Infants with cleft palate were also rated significantly less cute than their healthy counterparts. These results suggest that infants’ faces suffering from cleft lip/palate are processed differently at early visual perception. These processing differences may contribute to several important aspects of development (e.g., joint attention) and may play a vital role in the previously observed difficulties in mother-infant interactions.
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- 2023
6. Political culture
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David Harris Sacks
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- 2023
7. Baseline Left Ventricular Strain as a Prognostic Tool for Stress Echocardiography Outcomes
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Biondi, Moseley, Wells, David Harris, and Donald Quimby
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Background: Left ventricular (LV) strain in echocardiography has been utilized as a determinant of myocardial function and a predictor of LV dysfunction prior to a reduction in ejection fraction. However, it is not known if changes in baseline LV strain can predict ischemia. Methods: This single center retrospective study at the University of Cincinnati aimed to evaluate the predictive value of baseline LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) obtained prior to stress echocardiogram (sEcho) for detecting myocardial ischemia in moderate risk patients undergoing evaluation for coronary artery disease (CAD). The study included 118 patients who underwent sEcho for CAD evaluation. Baseline LV GLS was measured in the apical 4 chamber, apical 2 chamber, and parasternal long axis views using Phillips or General Electric machines. Patients were divided into two groups based on pre-stress GLS values: GLS < -16% (n=67, 56.8%) and GLS ≥ -16% (n=51, 43.2%). Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.6±12.1 years, 55.9% were women, and 31.4% belonged to a non-white racial or ethnic group. The average baseline GLS values were -19.1%±2.4 and -13.5%±2.0 for patients in the GLS < -16% and GLS ≥ -16% baseline strain groups, respectively. Overall, 5.1% of the study population had a positive sEcho. Only one patient with GLS < -16% had a positive sEcho (P=0.038). The negative predictive value of GLS < -16% for a positive stress test was 98.5%. Conclusions: Assessing baseline LV GLS prior to sEcho could be a cost-effective and efficient predictor of stress outcomes in moderate-risk patients undergoing evaluation for CAD. Our results suggest that a baseline GLS value < -16% has a high negative predictive value for myocardial ischemia detected by sEcho. However, larger studies in more diverse populations are needed to confirm these findings.
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- 2023
8. Examining the validity and fidelity of a virtual reality simulator for basic life support training
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Tom Arthur, Tilly Loveland-Perkins, Charlotte Williams, David Harris, Mark Wilson, Toby de Burgh, Jagtar Dhanda, and Sam Vine
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Background Virtual reality (VR) offers an immersive and practical method for training medical skills, especially in emergency healthcare settings. However, it is unclear whether learning in VR will translate into real-world performance benefits. To explore these potential transfer effects, we examined the validity and fidelity of a bespoke VR environment for Basic Life Support (BLS) training, a generic skill in medical training programmes. Methods Twenty-two medical trainees performed standardised BLS procedures within two simulation conditions: one in VR, using a Pico Neo 3 standalone system; the other in a real-world synthetic environment, which included a physical mannequin and resuscitation equipment. Patterns of task behaviour, workload, sense of presence, and visual attention were derived from user self-report questionnaires, video recordings, and eye-tracking data. Results Data showed that the VR training environment was sufficiently high in face validity to immerse the participants, and that trainees were displaying realistic task behaviours and procedural actions. However, the fidelity of user interactions and movements in VR proved atypical, which seemed to disrupt participants’ attentional and motor responses. Conclusions Results suggest that VR may have limitations for improving physical skills in the context of BLS training, yet be potentially valuable for developing task procedures and/or perceptual abilities.
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- 2023
9. Understanding external study resource use among medical students
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Cara Peters and David Harris
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Physiology - Abstract
Introduction: As medical advances continue, so does the knowledge base necessary for medical students. This has resulted in medical students turning to external resources to help with efficiency and understanding of lecture material. External resources include any educational material not affiliated with the student’s medical school. Due to the fast-paced changes in the number of external resources available to medical students, there is a misalignment between how students are using these resources and how faculty may be able to incorporate them into their teaching. The aim of this study is to help close that knowledge gap between students and instructors to aid in faculty evaluation of external resources for classroom use. Methods: Between June and October of 2022, 14 medical students from the class of 2025 at the University of Central Florida College of Medicine were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The first topic explored motivators behind external resource use and the second topic explored how students feel these resources affect the role of faculty. Interviews were conducted virtually over Zoom and transcripts were analyzed by conducting thematic analysis with an inductive approach using NVivo. Major themes were identified and relationships between themes were analyzed to better understand these topics. Results: Four major themes resonated across interviews. One theme was that students felt conflicted about how faculty viewed student external resource use. They thought that while some professors likely view external resources positively since they aid in comprehension of lecture material, others might view these resources as threatening to their role as educators. The second theme was that external resources containing video lectures tended to be used to enhance students’ understanding of classroom material rather than as a replacement for in-house lecture material. Another theme was that students tended to use different resources depending on which course they were in. They attributed this to courses being taught by professors with different teaching styles as well as the variable nature of the material between courses. The final theme was that students were overwhelmed with the number of resources available to them. This resulted in them identifying lack of time and money as being major barriers to experimenting with different resources. Conclusions: Most interviewees in this study had a positive perspective on external resources and expressed a desire for them to be incorporated into classroom use. Students’ conflicted feelings on how faculty view these resources should be explored more in the future by conducting similar interviews with faculty. A major limitation of this study is its lack of generalizability as this was a qualitative study with a small sample size from a single medical school. Therefore, the themes in this study should be further explored with survey studies to quantify the prevalence of these attitudes. UCF College of Medicine FIRE Project Funds This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
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- 2023
10. Acknowledgments
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David Harris Sacks
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- 2023
11. Supplementary Table 1 from Mechanisms of Antileukemic Activity of the Novel Bcl-2 Homology Domain-3 Mimetic GX15-070 (Obatoclax)
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Michael Andreeff, Ismael Samudio, Jean Viallet, Hagop Kantarjian, William Bornmann, Zeev Estrov, David Harris, Twee Tsao, Rooha Contractor, Julie Watt, and Marina Konopleva
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Supplementary Table 1 from Mechanisms of Antileukemic Activity of the Novel Bcl-2 Homology Domain-3 Mimetic GX15-070 (Obatoclax)
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- 2023
12. Supplementary Table 3 from Roles for MicroRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Growth Dysregulation by Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1
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Kuan-Teh Jeang, Masao Matsuoka, Nafees Ahmad, David Harris, Nelson Dusetti, Yamina Bennasser, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga, and Man Lung Yeung
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Supplementary Table 3 from Roles for MicroRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Growth Dysregulation by Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1
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- 2023
13. Supplementary Table 2 from Mechanisms of Antileukemic Activity of the Novel Bcl-2 Homology Domain-3 Mimetic GX15-070 (Obatoclax)
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Michael Andreeff, Ismael Samudio, Jean Viallet, Hagop Kantarjian, William Bornmann, Zeev Estrov, David Harris, Twee Tsao, Rooha Contractor, Julie Watt, and Marina Konopleva
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Supplementary Table 2 from Mechanisms of Antileukemic Activity of the Novel Bcl-2 Homology Domain-3 Mimetic GX15-070 (Obatoclax)
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- 2023
14. Supplementary Table Legends 1-2 from Mechanisms of Antileukemic Activity of the Novel Bcl-2 Homology Domain-3 Mimetic GX15-070 (Obatoclax)
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Michael Andreeff, Ismael Samudio, Jean Viallet, Hagop Kantarjian, William Bornmann, Zeev Estrov, David Harris, Twee Tsao, Rooha Contractor, Julie Watt, and Marina Konopleva
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Supplementary Table Legends 1-2 from Mechanisms of Antileukemic Activity of the Novel Bcl-2 Homology Domain-3 Mimetic GX15-070 (Obatoclax)
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- 2023
15. Supplementary Table 2 from Roles for MicroRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Growth Dysregulation by Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1
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Kuan-Teh Jeang, Masao Matsuoka, Nafees Ahmad, David Harris, Nelson Dusetti, Yamina Bennasser, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga, and Man Lung Yeung
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Supplementary Table 2 from Roles for MicroRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Growth Dysregulation by Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1
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- 2023
16. Supplementary Table 1 from Roles for MicroRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Growth Dysregulation by Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1
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Kuan-Teh Jeang, Masao Matsuoka, Nafees Ahmad, David Harris, Nelson Dusetti, Yamina Bennasser, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga, and Man Lung Yeung
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Supplementary Table 1 from Roles for MicroRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Growth Dysregulation by Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1
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- 2023
17. Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Bone Marrow Stroma–Secreted Cytokines Protect JAK2V617F-Mutated Cells from the Effects of a JAK2 Inhibitor
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Srdan Verstovsek, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Chad J. Creighton, David Harris, Liza Knez, Ana Livun, Ying Zhang, Jan Burger, Alfonso Quintás-Cardama, Zeev Estrov, and Taghi Manshouri
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Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Bone Marrow Stroma–Secreted Cytokines Protect JAK2V617F-Mutated Cells from the Effects of a JAK2 Inhibitor
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- 2023
18. Supplementary Table 4 from Roles for MicroRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Growth Dysregulation by Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1
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Kuan-Teh Jeang, Masao Matsuoka, Nafees Ahmad, David Harris, Nelson Dusetti, Yamina Bennasser, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga, and Man Lung Yeung
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Supplementary Table 4 from Roles for MicroRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Growth Dysregulation by Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1
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- 2023
19. Supplementary Figure 1 from Roles for MicroRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Growth Dysregulation by Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1
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Kuan-Teh Jeang, Masao Matsuoka, Nafees Ahmad, David Harris, Nelson Dusetti, Yamina Bennasser, Jun-ichirou Yasunaga, and Man Lung Yeung
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Supplementary Figure 1 from Roles for MicroRNAs, miR-93 and miR-130b, and Tumor Protein 53–Induced Nuclear Protein 1 Tumor Suppressor in Cell Growth Dysregulation by Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus 1
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- 2023
20. Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4 from Bone Marrow Stroma–Secreted Cytokines Protect JAK2V617F-Mutated Cells from the Effects of a JAK2 Inhibitor
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Srdan Verstovsek, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Chad J. Creighton, David Harris, Liza Knez, Ana Livun, Ying Zhang, Jan Burger, Alfonso Quintás-Cardama, Zeev Estrov, and Taghi Manshouri
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Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4 from Bone Marrow Stroma–Secreted Cytokines Protect JAK2V617F-Mutated Cells from the Effects of a JAK2 Inhibitor
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- 2023
21. Data from Bone Marrow Stroma–Secreted Cytokines Protect JAK2V617F-Mutated Cells from the Effects of a JAK2 Inhibitor
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Srdan Verstovsek, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Chad J. Creighton, David Harris, Liza Knez, Ana Livun, Ying Zhang, Jan Burger, Alfonso Quintás-Cardama, Zeev Estrov, and Taghi Manshouri
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Signals emanating from the bone marrow microenvironment, such as stromal cells, are thought to support the survival and proliferation of the malignant cells in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). To examine this hypothesis, we established a coculture platform [cells cocultured directly (cell-on-cell) or indirectly (separated by micropore membrane)] designed to interrogate the interplay between Janus activated kinase 2-V617F (JAK2V617F)–positive cells and the stromal cells. Treatment with atiprimod, a potent JAK2 inhibitor, caused marked growth inhibition and apoptosis of human (SET-2) and mouse (FDCP-EpoR) JAK2V617F-positive cells as well as primary blood or bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with polycythemia vera; however, these effects were attenuated when any of these cell types were cocultured (cell-on-cell) with human marrow stromal cell lines (e.g., HS5, NK.tert, TM-R1). Coculture with stromal cells hampered the ability of atiprimod to inhibit phosphorylation of JAK2 and the downstream STAT3 and STAT5 pathways. This protective effect was maintained in noncontact coculture assays (JAK2V617F-positive cells separated by 0.4-μm-thick micropore membranes from stromal cells), indicating a paracrine effect. Cytokine profiling of supernatants from noncontact coculture assays detected distinctly high levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and chemokine C-X-C-motif ligand 10 (CXCL-10)/IFN-γ–inducible 10-kD protein (IP-10). Anti-IL-6, -FGF, or -CXCL-10/IP-10 neutralizing antibodies ablated the protective effect of stromal cells and restored atiprimod-induced apoptosis of JAK2V617F-positive cells. Therefore, our results indicate that humoral factors secreted by stromal cells protect MPN clones from JAK2 inhibitor therapy, thus underscoring the importance of targeting the marrow niche in MPN for therapeutic purposes. Cancer Res; 71(11); 3831–40. ©2011 AACR.
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- 2023
22. An End-to-End Natural Language Processing System for Automatically Extracting Radiation Therapy Events From Clinical Texts
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Danielle S. Bitterman, Eli Goldner, Sean Finan, David Harris, Eric B. Durbin, Harry Hochheiser, Jeremy L. Warner, Raymond H. Mak, Timothy Miller, and Guergana K. Savova
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Cancer Research ,Radiation ,Oncology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2023
23. COMMENTARY: Addressing Stewardship Misconceptions in Passive Investments: Can Indexes Enable Scale Engagement?
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David Harris and Arne Staal
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- 2022
24. A Semi-Parametric Integer-Valued Autoregressive Model with Covariates
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Yao Rao, David Harris, and Brendan McCabe
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Statistics and Probability ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty - Abstract
We consider a low count data INAR (Integer Autoregressive Regression) model in which the arrivals are modelled non-parametrically and are allowed to contain covariates. Accommodating possible covariates is important as exogenous variability, such as seasonality, often needs to be catered for. The main challenge is to maintain the axiomatic properties of the arrivals non-parametric mass function while, at the same time, incorporating covariates directly into the associated probabilities. Compared with models that impose standard distributions such as Poisson or Negative Binomial for the arrivals, our approach is more flexible and provides a general arrival specification. The dependence structure is parametric and uses the standard binomial thinning operator. The parameters are estimated by the Maximum Likelihood. Monte Carlo simulations show that our proposed model performs very well with good finite sample results. Two empirical issues are addressed where incorporating covariates is a prerequisite for successful modelling. The first incorporates seasonal covariates into a semi-parametric model for forecasting the numbers of claimants of wage loss benefits in the logging industry in British Columbia, Canada. The second investigates if macro-economic indicators in an economy may be useful in predicting the number of bank failures in the US financial sector.
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- 2022
25. Response to Advance Care Planning in Serious Illness: A Narrative Review
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David Harris and Kathleen Neuendorf
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Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,General Nursing - Published
- 2023
26. No Influence of Age-Related Hearing Loss on Brain Amyloid-β
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Paul Maruff, Peter A. Busby, Jurgen Fripp, Chris Fowler, Colin L. Masters, Julia Z. Sarant, and David Harris
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Male ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Longitudinal study ,Hearing loss ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Audiology ,Neuroimaging ,medicine ,Humans ,Dementia ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Longitudinal Studies ,Risk factor ,Cognitive decline ,Hearing Loss ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Australia ,Brain ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Positron-Emission Tomography ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background: Hearing loss is independently associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline in older adults and has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for dementia. The mechanism for this association is unknown, and there has been limited exploration of potential casual pathology. Objective: Our objective was to investigate whether there was an association between degree of audiometrically measured hearing loss (HL) and brain amyloid-β (Aβ) in a pre-clinical sample. Methods: Participants of the Australian Imaging and Biomarker Longitudinal Study (AIBL; n = 143) underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and objective measurement of hearing thresholds within 5 years of imaging, as well as cognitive assessment within 2 years of imaging in this observational cohort study. Results: With one exception, study participants who had cognitive assessments within 2 years of their PET imaging (n = 113) were classified as having normal cognition. There was no association between cognitive scores and degree of hearing loss, or between cognitive scores and Aβ load. No association between HL and Aβ load was found once age was controlled for. As previously reported, positive Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) carrier status increased the risk of being Aβ positive (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Degree of HL was not associated with positive Aβ status.
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- 2022
27. The Algae Society BioArt Design Lab: Exploring Multispecies Entanglements and Making Kin with Algae
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Juniper Harrower, Gene Felice, Jennifer Parker, José Carlos Espinel, David Harris, Fiona Hillary, and Tiare Ribeaux
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Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Music ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
The Algae Society BioArt Design Lab is a global collective of interdisciplinary researchers working together with algae as nonhuman international research partners. As a collaborative group of artists, scientists, and scholars, they experiment and coproduce with algae, seeking to highlight complex human interdependence and kinship with algal beings. Here the founding members introduce the Algae Society and share a collective collage of their evolving artistic works while reflecting on each researcher’s process, materiality, and aesthetic considerations. With these works, they endeavor to shift our perspectives from human-centric exceptionalism to greater appreciation and cultural reframing of our responsibility as participants in multispecies worlding.
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- 2022
28. Assessing Global Kidney Nutrition Care
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Angela Yee-Moon Wang, Ikechi G. Okpechi, Feng Ye, Csaba P. Kovesdy, Giuliano Brunori, Jerrilynn D. Burrowes, Katrina Campbell, Sandrine Damster, Denis Fouque, Allon N. Friedman, Giacomo Garibotto, Fitsum Guebre-Egziabher, David Harris, Kunitoshi Iseki, Vivekanand Jha, Kailash Jindal, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Brandon Kistler, Joel D. Kopple, Martin Kuhlmann, Meaghan Lunney, Denise Mafra, Charu Malik, Linda W. Moore, S. Russ Price, Alison Steiber, Christoph Wanner, Pieter ter Wee, Adeera Levin, David W. Johnson, Aminu K. Bello, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), University of Cape Town, University of Alberta, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center [Memphis] (UTHSC), University of Trento [Trento], Long Island University, Brooklyn (LIU Brooklyn), Service de pneumologie [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), International Society of Nephrology [Brussels, Belgium] (ISN), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Okinawa Heart and Renal Association [Okinawa, Japan], Laboratoire d'innovation moléculaire et applications (LIMA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Ball State University [Muncie, Indiana] (BSU), Harbor UCLA Medical Center [Torrance, Ca.], Vivantes Klinikum Friedrichshain [Berlin, Germany] (VKF), University of Calgary, Federal University Fluminense [Rio de Janeiro, Brazil] (FUF), Houston Methodist Hospital [Houston, TX, USA], East Carolina University [Greenville] (ECU), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics [Chicago, Illinois] (AND), University Hospital of Würzburg, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Translational Research Institute [Brisbane, Australia] (TRI), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, and CarMeN, laboratoire
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Transplantation ,renal nutrition ,dietitians ,Epidemiology ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,kidney nutrition care ,global health ,chronic kidney disease ,global ,nutrition supplement ,nutritional status ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Renal Dialysis ,Nephrology ,Humans ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Original Article - Abstract
International audience; BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nutrition intervention is an essential component of kidney disease management. This study aimed to understand current global availability and capacity of kidney nutrition care services, interdisciplinary communication, and availability of oral nutrition supplements. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: The International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM), working in partnership with the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) Global Kidney Health Atlas Committee, developed this Global Kidney Nutrition Care Atlas. An electronic survey was administered among key kidney care stakeholders through 182 ISN-affiliated countries between July and September 2018. RESULTS: Overall, 160 of 182 countries (88%) responded, of which 155 countries (97%) answered the survey items related to kidney nutrition care. Only 48% of the 155 countries have dietitians/renal dietitians to provide this specialized service. Dietary counseling, provided by a person trained in nutrition, was generally not available in 65% of low-/lower middle-income countries and "never" available in 23% of low-income countries. Forty-one percent of the countries did not provide formal assessment of nutrition status for kidney nutrition care. The availability of oral nutrition supplements varied globally and, mostly, were not freely available in low-/lower middle-income countries for both inpatient and outpatient settings. Dietitians and nephrologists only communicated "sometimes" on kidney nutrition care in ≥60% of countries globally. CONCLUSIONS: This survey reveals significant gaps in global kidney nutrition care service capacity, availability, cost coverage, and deficiencies in interdisciplinary communication on kidney nutrition care delivery, especially in lower-income countries.
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- 2022
29. Metal–organic frameworks as O2-selective adsorbents for air separations
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David E. Jaramillo, Adam Jaffe, Benjamin E. R. Snyder, Alex Smith, Eric Taw, Rachel C. Rohde, Matthew N. Dods, William DeSnoo, Katie R. Meihaus, T. David Harris, Jeffrey B. Neaton, and Jeffrey R. Long
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General Chemistry - Abstract
This Perspective summarizes progress in the development of O2-selective metal–organic frameworks for adsorptive air separations and identifies key metrics and design considerations toward optimizing material performance for practical applications.
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- 2022
30. Population level interactions between an invasive woodwasp, an invasive nematode and a community of native parasitoids
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Saskya Van Nouhuys, David Harris, and Ann Hajek
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Ecology ,Deladenus ,forest pest ,spillback ,Ecological Modeling ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,Aggregation ,Rhyssa ,co-infection ,density dependence ,Sirex noctilio ,Insect Science ,parasite community ,Animal Science and Zoology ,competition ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ibalia ,pine - Abstract
Parasitic nematodes and hymenopteran parasitoids have been introduced and used extensively to control invasive Eurasian Sirex noctilio woodwasps in pine plantations in the Southern Hemisphere where no members of this community are native. Sirex noctilio has more recently invaded North America where Sirex-associated communities are native. Sirex noctilio and its parasitic nematode, Deladenus siricidicola, plus six native hymenopteran woodwasp parasitoids in New York and Pennsylvania, were sampled from 204 pines in 2011–2019. Sirex noctilio had become the most common woodwasp in this region and the native parasitoids associated with the native woodwasps had expanded their host ranges to use this invader. We investigated the distributions of these species among occupied trees and the interactions between S. noctilio and natural enemies as well as among the natural enemies. Sirex noctilio were strongly aggregated, with a few of the occupied trees hosting hundreds of woodwasps. Nematode parasitism was positively associated with S. noctilio density, and negatively associated with the density of rhyssine parasitoids. Parasitism by the parasitoid Ibalia leucospoides was positively associated with host (S. noctilio) density, while parasitism by the rhyssine parasitoids was negatively associated with density of S. noctilio. Thus, most S. noctilio come from a few attacked trees in a forest, and S. noctilio from those high-density trees experienced high parasitism by both the invasive nematode and the most abundant native parasitoid, I. l. ensiger. There is little evidence for direct competition between the nematodes and parasitoids. The negative association occurring between rhyssine parasitoids and I. l. ensiger suggests rhyssines may suffer from competition with I. l. ensiger which parasitize the host at an earlier life stage. In addition to direct competition with the native woodwasp Sirex nigricornis for suitable larval habitat within weakened trees, the large S. noctilio population increases the parasitoid and nematode populations, which may increase parasitism of S. nigricornis.
- Published
- 2023
31. The effect of performance pressure and error-feedback on anxiety and performance in an interceptive task
- Author
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David Harris, Tom Arthur, Samuel James Vine, Harith Rusydin Abd Rahman, Feng Han, jiayi liu, and Mark Wilson
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General Psychology - Abstract
IntroductionWhilst the disruptive effects of anxiety on attention and performance have been well documented, the antecedents to anxiety in motivated performance scenarios are less well understood. We therefore sought to understand the cognitive appraisals that mediate the relationship between pressurised performance situations and the onset of anxiety. MethodsWe tested the effects of performance pressure and error feedback on appraisals of the probability and cost of failure, the experience of anxiety, and subsequent impacts on visual attention, movement kinematics, and task performance during a virtual reality interception task.ResultsA series of linear mixed effects models indicated that failure feedback and situational pressure influenced appraisals of the probability and cost of failure, which subsequently predicted the onset of anxious states. We did not, however, observe downstream effects on performance and attention.Discussion The findings support the predictions of Attentional Control Theory Sport, that (i) momentary errors lead to negative appraisals of the probability of future failure; and (ii) that appraisals of both the cost and probability of future failure are important predictors of anxiety. The results contribute to a better understanding of the precursors to anxiety and the feedback loops that may maintain anxious states.
- Published
- 2023
32. Classification of Hyper-scale Multimodal Imaging Datasets
- Author
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Craig MacFadyen, Ajay Duraiswamy, and David Harris-Birtill
- Abstract
Algorithms that can classify hyper-scale multi-modal datasets, comprising of millions of images, into constituent modality types can help researchers quickly retrieve and classify diagnostic imaging data, accelerating clinical outcomes. This research aims to demonstrate that a deep neural network that is trained on a hyper-scale dataset (4.5 million images) composed of heterogeneous multi-modal data, can be used to obtain significant modality classification accuracy (96%). By combining 102 medical imaging datasets, a dataset of 4.5 million images was created. A ResNet-50, ResNet-18 and VGG16 were trained to classify these images by the imaging modality used to capture them (Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and X-ray) across many body locations. The classification accuracy of the models was then tested on unseen data.The best performing model achieved classification accuracy of 96% on unseen data. The model achieved a balanced accuracy of 86%.This research shows it is possible to train Deep Learning (DL) Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with hyper-scale multimodal data-sets, composed of millions of images. The trained model can be used to classify images by modality, with the best performing model achieving a classification accuracy of 96%. Such models can find use in real-world applications with volumes of image data in the hyper-scale range, such as medical imaging repositories, or national healthcare institutions. Further research can expand this classification capability to include 3D-scans.
- Published
- 2023
33. Coal gasification and conversion
- Author
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David Harris and Daniel G. Roberts
- Published
- 2023
34. Identification and Management of Acute Kidney Disease as Part of Routine Clinical Care in Low-Resource Settings: The International Society of Nephrology Kidney Care Network Project
- Author
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Rhys David Russell Evans, Sanjib Sharma, Rolando Claure Granado, Brett Cullis, Emmanuel Burdmann, Francisco Oscar de Siqueira Franca, Junio Aguiar Azevedo, Martyn Fredlund, Kelly Hendricks, Maria Iturricha- Caceres, Mamit Rai, Bhupendra Shah, Shyam Kafle, David Harris, and Mike Rocco
- Published
- 2023
35. List of contributors
- Author
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John K. Alderman, Álvaro Amado-Fierro, Barbara J. Arnold, Sumantra Bhattacharya, Jorge G. Caldeira, Teresa A. Centeno, Zhonghua Chen, Dmitry Chupin, Giovana Dalpont, Maria A. Diez, Dan J. Eyre, Peter Goldsworthy, Cleber José Baldoni Gomes, Samuel L. Grossman, Chris J. Hamilton, David Harris, Alexander Ilyushetchkin, Soheil Jahandari, Mao Jianxiong, Lindsay Juniper, P.N. Kuznetsov, Liming Lu, Peter F. Nelson, Dave Osborne, Maroun Rahme, Daniel G. Roberts, Glenn Schumacher, I. Rory Simington, Ashok K. Singh, Maria Sukhorukova, Zhong Tao, Cameron Tasker, Huiling Tong, Galina Williams, Ian Wollff, J. Yan, Fernado Luiz Zancan, Ligang Zheng, and Paul Zulli
- Published
- 2023
36. Assessment of cognitive biases in augmented reality: Beyond eye tracking
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Piotr Marek Słowiński, Ben Grindley, Helen Muncie, David Harris, Samuel James Vine, and Mark Wilson
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Eye movement ,head movement ,Ophthalmology ,cognitive bias ,correlation matrix ,hand movement ,earth mover’s distance ,eye tracking ,augmented reality ,Sensory Systems - Abstract
We study an individual’s propensity for rational thinking; the avoidance of cognitive biases (unconscious errors generated by our mental simplification methods) using a novel augmented reality (AR) platform. Specifically, we developed an odd-one-out (OOO) game-like task in AR designed to try to induce and assess confirmatory biases. Forty students completed the AR task in the laboratory, and the short form of the comprehensive assessment of rational thinking (CART) online via the Qualtrics platform. We demonstrate that behavioural markers (based on eye, hand and head movements) can be associated (linear regression) with the short CART score – more rational thinkers have slower head and hand movements and faster gaze movements in the second more ambiguous round of the OOO task. Furthermore, short CART scores can be associated with the change in behaviour between two rounds of the OOO task (one less and one more ambiguous) – hand-eye-head coordination patterns of the more rational thinkers are more consistent in the two rounds. Overall, we demonstrate the benefits of augmenting eye-tracking recordings with additional data modalities when trying to understand complicated behaviours.
- Published
- 2022
37. Response Rates to Methylnaltrexone in Hospitalized Cancer Patients
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David Harris, David Kalir, Cory Chevalier, Krista Dobbie, Flannery Fielding, Ruth Lagman, Ahed Makhoul, Susan McInnes, Sina Najafi, Kyle Neale, Lisa Rybicki, Melanie Robbins-Ong, and Kathleen Neuendorf
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
Context: Methylnaltrexone is a peripherally-acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist studied in both cancer and non-cancer patients with opioid-induced constipation (OIC), but mostly in the outpatient setting. For adult hospitalized cancer patients with OIC, its effectiveness is unknown. Objectives: Describe the efficacy of methylnaltrexone for OIC in the inpatient setting, defined as bowel movement (BM) within 24 hours of methylnaltrexone administration. Methods: We performed a single-center, retrospective chart review of all hospitalized, adult patients with a cancer diagnosis who received methylnaltrexone from the palliative care team between January 1st, 2012 and July 1st, 2019. Results: We identified 194 patients. The mean age was 59, 50.5% were male and 88% were white. 192 patients (98%) received the 8 mg dose subcutaneously. The median oral morphine equivalent (OME) was 135 mg (IQR 70-354 mg). 45% (95% confidence interval, 38-53%) had a BM within 24 hours. Higher OME was correlated with successful BM, with a response in 93% (86/92) of patients receiving ≥150 OME and 2% (2/102) of patients receiving .99), or stool softeners (44.7% vs 46.1%, P = .89). Conclusion: Methylnaltrexone has a high response rate when used as treatment for OIC in hospitalized adult cancer patients, especially for patients taking ≥150 OME.
- Published
- 2022
38. Strong Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy Arising from Metal–Ligand Covalency in a Metal–Organic Candidate for 2D Magnetic Order
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James M. Rondinelli, Yiran Wang, J. Tyler Gish, Xuezeng Lu, Danna E. Freedman, Mark C. Hersam, Lei Sun, Michael E. Ziebel, T. David Harris, Danilo Puggioni, Jeffrey R. Long, Tyler J. Pearson, and Agnes E. Thorarinsdottir
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Metal ,Crystallography ,Materials science ,Magnetic order ,Ligand ,General Chemical Engineering ,visual_art ,Magnet ,Materials Chemistry ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Chemistry ,Magnetocrystalline anisotropy - Abstract
Layered metal–organic frameworks are promising candidates for new two-dimensional (2D) magnets, as the synthetic programmability of these materials can provide a route to diverse structural and ele...
- Published
- 2021
39. Generative Deep Learning in Digital Pathology Workflows
- Author
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David L Morrison, Peter D. Caie, and David Harris-Birtill
- Subjects
Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Workflow ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Domain (software engineering) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Deep Learning ,0302 clinical medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Pathology ,Humans ,Digitization ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,Digital pathology ,Models, Theoretical ,Automation ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Generative grammar - Abstract
Many modern histopathology laboratories are in the process of digitizing their workflows. Digitization of tissue images has made it feasible to research the augmentation or automation of clinical reporting and diagnosis. The application of modern computer vision techniques, based on deep learning, promises systems that can identify pathologies in slide images with a high degree of accuracy. Generative modeling is an approach to machine learning and deep learning that can be used to transform and generate data. It can be applied to a broad range of tasks within digital pathology, including the removal of color and intensity artifacts, the adaption of images in one domain into those of another, and the generation of synthetic digital tissue samples. This review provides an introduction to the topic, considers these applications, and discusses future directions for generative models within histopathology.
- Published
- 2021
40. Introduction
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David Harris Sacks
- Subjects
General Arts and Humanities ,General Social Sciences - Abstract
“Apocalypticism” and “Globalization” are not commonly juxtaposed to one another, with the former taken to begin in ancient times and the latter taken to be a modern phenomenon. This Forum explores the convergence of thoughts about the history of the world and the practices those thoughts engendered among the peoples of Western Europe and the Mediterranean region during the “early modern” era, roughly between 1400 and 1800. Scholars in history and the humanities commonly regard this period as a long transition in a “from-to” narrative when “pre-modern” institutions and intellectual and cultural traditions, characterized by the entanglements of the worldly with the divine, the temporal with the spiritual, the secular with the sacred, and the microcosm with the macrocosm, were transformed into “modernity” by the replacement of beliefs dependent on faith with knowledge established by reason. The essays in this Forum take a different approach by treating the development of modern understandings of the political, social and natural world as emerging from religiously-grounded discourse, debate, and practice in the early modern era.
- Published
- 2021
41. On Mending the Peace of the World: Sir Francis Bacon’s Apocalyptic Irenicism
- Author
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David Harris Sacks
- Subjects
General Arts and Humanities ,Philosophy ,General Social Sciences ,Theology ,Irenicism - Abstract
This essay is about irenicism and science, i.e. about the interrelationship between the quest for peace on earth and the quest for knowledge about the world. Both are global aspirations, the former focused on achieving concord among rival peoples and ideologies, nations, and religions; the latter on comprehending the earth and the heavens and the way the things in them are made. Sir Francis Bacon (1561–1626), Viscount St. Alban and sometime Lord Chancellor of England, who, citing in Latin the Biblical prophecy in Daniel 12:4 – “Many shall go to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased” – linked together the increase of geographical knowledge in his own day with the prospect for new discoveries in all fields of learning. For Bacon, the advancement of all branches knowledge, fated to come together in the same age, would in time bring religious unity and with it this-worldly peace, thereby paving the way for the fulfillment of the apocalyptical prophecy in the Book of Daniel, which in Christian discourse was interpreted to mean the Second Coming of Christ. This essay explores Bacon’s discussions of his aims and the methods he advocated as addressed the consequences of “discovery” for mending world back to its wholeness.
- Published
- 2021
42. The IDEAL trial in Australia and New Zealand: clinical and economic impact
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Jonathan C. Craig, Carol A. Pollock, Jeremy R. Chapman, Rachael L. Morton, Carmel M. Hawley, David Harris, Stephen P. McDonald, Kathryn Dansie, Christopher E. Davies, David W. Johnson, and Bruce A. Cooper
- Subjects
Adult ,Transplantation ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Australia ,Research findings ,Dialysis patients ,Clinical Practice ,Clinical trial ,Renal Dialysis ,Nephrology ,Humans ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Medicine ,Registries ,Temporal change ,Economic impact analysis ,business ,Dialysis ,Glomerular Filtration Rate ,New Zealand ,Demography ,Healthcare system - Abstract
Background The impact of research findings on clinical practice usually remains uncertain and unmeasured. To address this problem, we examined the long-term clinical and economic impact of the Initiating Dialysis Early and Late (IDEAL) trial using data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. Methods We performed a registry-based study including all incident adult dialysis patients in Australia and New Zealand from July 2000 to June 2018. A piecewise linear regression model was used to examine differences in mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at dialysis commencement for the years prior to (2000–2010) and following (2010–2018) publication of the IDEAL trial results. The return on investment (ROI) was calculated using the total cost of performing the IDEAL trial and the cost or savings accruing in Australia and New Zealand from changes in dialysis initiation practice. Results From July 2000 to June 2010, mean eGFR at dialysis commencement increased at a rate of 0.21 mL/min/1.73 m2/year [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19–0.23]. After the IDEAL trial results were published, mean eGFR at dialysis commencement did not show any temporal change [−0.01 mL/min/1.73 m2/year (95% CI −0.03–0.01)]. The ROI of the IDEAL trial was AU$35.70/AU$1 spent, an estimated savings to the Australian and New Zealand health systems of up to AU$84 million/year. Conclusions The previous trend to higher eGFR at dialysis commencement changed following publication of the IDEAL trial results to a steady eGFR that has continued for a decade, avoiding unnecessary dialysis treatments and accruing savings to the Australian and New Zealand health systems.
- Published
- 2021
43. Comparison of transvalvular flow rate in aortic stenosis subtypes
- Author
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David Harris, Zachary C. Ahart, and Alex D. Moseley
- Subjects
Aortic valve ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Hemodynamics ,Severity of Illness Index ,Ventricular Function, Left ,Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ,Valve replacement ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,education ,Retrospective Studies ,education.field_of_study ,Ejection fraction ,business.industry ,Stroke Volume ,Retrospective cohort study ,Aortic Valve Stenosis ,Stroke volume ,medicine.disease ,Stenosis ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Aortic Valve ,Cardiology ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate ET and TVFR in normal patients, PLFLGAS, LGLFAS, and classic pre and post TAVR. BACKGROUND Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is defined echocardiographically. Generating a pressure gradient to meet diagnostic criteria is dependent on left ventricular contractility, stroke volume, and ejection time. Abnormalities in these decrease the mean pressure gradient across the valve creating pathology termed low flow, low gradient AS. This occurs in two subtypes, low ejection fraction LFLGAS and paradoxical LFLGAS (PLFLGAS), in which EF is normal but stroke volume is
- Published
- 2021
44. A comparison of live fire, 2D video, and virtual reality simulations for judgemental training in the military
- Author
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David Harris, Tom Arthur, James Kearse, Mayowa Olonilua, Eleanor K Hassan, Toby de Burgh, Mark Wilson, and Samuel James Vine
- Abstract
Simulation methods, including physical synthetic environments, already play a substantial role in human skills training in the military and are commonly used for developing situational awareness and judgemental skills. The rapid development of virtual reality technologies has provided a new opportunity for performing this type of training, but before VR can be adopted as part of mandatory training it should be subjected to rigorous tests of its suitability and effectiveness. In this work, we adopted established methods for testing the fidelity and validity of simulated environments to compare three different methods of judgemental training. Thirty-nine dismounted close combat troops from the UK’s Royal Air Force completed shoot/don’t-shoot judgemental tasks in: i) live-fire; ii) virtual reality; and iii) 2D video simulation conditions. A range of shooting accuracy and decision-making metrics were recorded from all three environments. The results showed that 2D video simulation posed little decision-making challenge during training. Decision-making performance across live fire and virtual reality simulations was comparable but the two may offer slightly different, and perhaps complementary, methods of training judgemental skills. Different types of simulation should, therefore, be selected carefully to address the exact training need.
- Published
- 2022
45. The design and development of a virtual environment to measure eye movement indicators of prediction: Report on pilot testing
- Author
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David Harris, Samuel James Vine, Mark Wilson, and Tom Arthur
- Abstract
This report describes the results of the design, development, and pilot testing of a virtual reality interception task. The task was designed to measure anticipatory eye movements as a way to index the evolution of probabilistic beliefs about the environment. We sought to validate the task as a way to measure predictions by manipulating statistics of the environment and determining whether eye movements tracked the changes in probability. During the task, the player was placed in a virtual squash court, where a ball was projected from one of two locations on the front wall. The player simply has to intercept the ball. We created conditions with a 90/10, 70/30, and 50/50 left/right probability split to examine whether the horizontal position of the eye just before the ball was released tracked these probabilities. Results indicated that anticipatory eye position was adjusted in response to these probabilities, but the effect was relatively weak. These results partially validate the task but also indicate that additional challenge or uncertainty may be needed to create a greater demand on correct prediction.
- Published
- 2022
46. A family-based approach examining perceptions of an Australian TRYathlon series on children’s health and development
- Author
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Cristina M Caperchione, Madeleine English, Paul Sharp, Sean Stolp, Lee Wallace, David Harris, and John Ashton
- Subjects
Parents ,Health (social science) ,Adolescent ,Australia ,Child Health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Social Support ,Public Health ,Child ,Exercise ,1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1302 Curriculum and Pedagogy - Abstract
Regular physical activity supports children's physical and psychological health and wellbeing, and provides opportunities to build social and emotional skills such as resilience, confidence, and self-efficacy. Research has demonstrated that mass participant sporting events can serve as important social and environmental correlates of physical activity. This study sought to explore parents and children's perceived motivations and perspectives of participation in the Australian Sanitarium Weet-Bix Kids TRYathlon (a non-competitive triathlon series), on children's health and well-being. An exploratory qualitative design utilizing seven focus groups were conducted with 27 family units including 31 parents and 61 children (age 7-15 years old). Data were recorded, professionally transcribed and then analyzed using thematic analysis. Three overarching themes were identified, including (1) motivations for event and physical activity participation, revealing social interaction, peer support and friendly competition as motivators for participation as well as parents' interest in supporting the development of healthy habits; (2) Perceived physical activity, fitness, and developmental benefits, detailing changes to the types of physical activity children performed as well as opportunities for children to develop physical skills and competencies; and (3) Perceived psychosocial benefits of participation, highlighting opportunities for children to develop and demonstrate independence and autonomy through event participation. Notably, parents and children identified benefits beyond immediate participation including increased family engagement and social support. Mass participant events hold the potential to elicit a range of benefits for children and their families; however, further efforts may be needed to engage less active or disengaged families.The physical and psychological benefits of being physically active during childhood are well established. However, most Australian children do not exercise at sufficient levels to receive the full extent of these health benefits. Research has demonstrated that mass participant sporting events can create supportive environments to engage in physical activity and sport whilst promoting mental, social and emotional well-being, but their impact on youth is unknown. Therefore, this study explored parents and children’s perceived motivations and perspectives of participation in a mass participant sporting event, the Australian Sanitarium Weet-Bix Kids TRYathlon, on children’s health and well-being. Our research indicated a range of motivators for engaging in the event, including social interaction, peer support, friendly competition and parents’ interest in supporting healthy habits. The study also highlighted numerous perceived physical and psychosocial benefits of participation, such as increased physical activity pre and post-event, improved physical competency, enhanced confidence and increased family engagement and social support. Nonetheless, we believe further efforts may be needed to engage less active or disengaged families in the Australian Sanitarium Weet-Bix Kids TRYathlon and promote behaviour change.
- Published
- 2022
47. The Certain and Full Discovery of the World: Richard Hakluyt and Thomas Harriot
- Author
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David Harris Sacks
- Published
- 2022
48. Closing the Gap: A Global Perspective
- Author
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Cammy Booth, Luca Corradi, Myrtle Dawes, Ana Pires de Almeida, Jason Paterson, Rebecca Allison, Iain Martin, Graeme Rogerson, Hayleigh Barnett, Craig Hodge, Steve Roberts, Alex MacDonald, Jonny Brattle, Yuki Kudoh, Hideyuki Takagi, Mohamed Elbakhshwan, Attia Attia, Ahmed Aboulmagd, Shahira Elkholey, Nicholas Lupton, David Harris, Dietmar Tourbier, Paul Feron, Sarb Giddey, Claire Ginn, Chanti Richardson, Francine Wight, Metzi Prince, Dave Finn, Kim Coady, Theresa Rahal, Tony Woolridge, Lynn Evans, Bernardo Faragalli, Isobel Marr, Mercedes Maroto-Valer, Tony Roskilly, Joseph Howe, Jon Maddy, Lindsay Armstrong, Ericka Rios, Heather Campbell, John Van Ham, Bryan Helfenbaum, Lee Kruszewski, Aref Najafi, Martin Huard, Marcius de Oliveira, David Harcus, Tim Duff, Cormac Dawson, Leigh Kennedy, Miranda Taylor, Polly Whakaari, James McCall, Jill Engel-Cox, Jeffrey Logan, Ron Benioff, Karen Mascarenhas, Bruno Souza Carmo, Colombo Tassinari, Danilo Perecin, Edmilson Moutinho dos Santos, José Silva, Julio Meneghini, Suani Coelho, Philippa Parmiter, Rebecca Bell, Gareth Johnson, Lydia Rycroft, and Rene Peters
- Published
- 2022
49. 299 3Din vitrotumor microenvironment models for screening CAR-T cell therapy efficacy
- Author
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Bin Xue, Sophie Vermond, Ulrike Herbrand, David Harris, Gemma Moiset, Kolin Hribar, and Julia Schuler
- Published
- 2022
50. Editorial: Explanation in human-AI systems
- Author
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Anastasia Angelopoulou, Epaminondas Kapetanios, David Harris Smith, Volker Steuber, Bencie Woll, and Frauke Zeller
- Subjects
Artificial Intelligence - Published
- 2022
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