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Wheat and rice are two main staple food crops that may suffer from yield losses due to drought episodes that are increasingly impacted by climate change, in addition to new epidemic outbreaks. Sustainable intensification of production will rely on several strategies, such as efficient use of water and variety improvement. This review updates the latest findings regarding complementary approaches in agronomy, genetics, and phenomics to cope with climate change challenges. The agronomic approach focuses on a case study examining alternative rice water management practices, with their impact on greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity for ecosystem services. The genetic approach reviews in depth the latest technologies to achieve fungal disease resistance, as well as the use of landraces to increase the genetic diversity of new varieties. The phenomics approach explores recent advances in high-throughput remote sensing technologies useful in detecting both biotic and abiotic stress effects on breeding programs. The complementary nature of all these technologies indicates that only interdisciplinary work will ensure significant steps towards a more sustainable agriculture under future climate change scenarios., This research was funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain), grant numbers PID2020-118650RR-C31, PID2020-118650RR-C32, and PID2020-118650RR-C33. The authors affiliated with IRTA acknowledge the contribution of the CERCA program/Generalitat de Catalunya (http://cerca.cat; accessed on 20 November 2021). N. Pérez-Méndez was supported by the Juan de la Cierva- Incorporación program from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain).