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Mining dams within urban areas are a technological risk because, in the event of an accident, they affect water security. For example, a sand mining dam accident caused an interruption in the water supply in the downstream city of São José dos Campos. Thus, the social vulnerability of the population that suffered from a failure in the drinking water supply was evaluated. A water shortage indicator, the Social Urban Water Shortage Vulnerability Index – SUWSVI, was composed. Variables that best reflect the socioeconomic condition were used: Average Income of Head of Household, Female Head of Household, and Children and Elderly Dependent Ratio. The sensitivity analysis considered the city by geographic regions and zoning classes, considering infrastructure supply and lot size. The results showed that although there are full water supply and sewerage infrastructure (99.6%), the access to water was unequal (39% of the population in the medium SUWSVI range)., As barragens de mineração em áreas urbanas são riscos tecnológicos porque, em caso de acidente, afetam a segurança da água. Um acidente com uma barragem de mineração de areia causou interrupção no abastecimento de água na cidade de São José dos Campos, a jusante. Com isso, foi avaliada a vulnerabilidade social da população que sofreu com a falha no abastecimento de água potável. Um indicador de escassez de água, o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social Urbana de Falta de Água – SUWSVI, foi composto. Foram utilizadas as variáveis que melhor refletissem a condição socioeconômica: Renda Média do Chefe de Família, Mulher Chefe de Família e Relação de Dependência de Crianças e Idosos. A análise de sensibilidade considerou a cidade por regiões geográficas e classes de zoneamento, que levam em conta a oferta de infraestrutura e o tamanho do lote. Os resultados mostraram que, embora com infraestrutura completa de abastecimento de água e esgoto (99,6%), o acesso à água foi desigual (39% da população na faixa média SUWSVI).

Despite the worldwide popularity of bus rapid transit (BRT), empirical evidence of its effects on land uses and development remains limited. This paper examines BRT’s impacts on land use and development in Bogotá and Quito, by using a parcel-level difference-in-differences research design. We estimate a propensity score-weighted regression model of parcel development characteristics in treatment and control areas. In Bogotá, although parcels in close proximity to the BRT are subject to fewer changes in terms of development intensity (changes in built-up area) in relation to parcels in the control area, they are more likely to change uses, shifting toward commercial activities. In Quito, the results are mixed; parcels in one BRT corridor are more likely to be subject to redevelopment, but the parcels in a more recent BRT corridor are less likely to be subject to development activity in relation to parcels in the control corridor. Taken together, our results suggest that changes in land use are important but frequently overlooked impacts produced by BRT implementation. Attempts to capture value from mass transit investments should also consider the ancillary planning decisions required to allow changes in land use.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Embolic cerebrovascular events that remain of unknown etiology after careful diagnostic evaluation are known as Embolic Strokes of Undetermined Source (ESUS). Subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important cause of ESUS. Purpose Our aims were to analyze the global diagnostic yield of a prolonged cardiac monitoring wearable system (PCMw) after an ESUS to detect AF and factors associated with it, including the time frame from the ESUS event to PCMw initiation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 200 ECG recordings (3-leads, 30 days duration) by means of a PCMw in patients with an ESUS to detect AF lasting longer than 30 seconds, between 2017-2021. Results AF was detected in 21 patients (10,5 %). Patients with AF had more left atrial enlargement (OR=4,22 [1.59-6.85]; p=0.01) and atrial arrythmias in the initial 24-h Holter during hospitalization (OR=5,73 [2.03-16,49]; p=0.001). The detection of AF was significatively higher if the PCMw was worn within the first 30 days after the ESUS compared to beyond 30 days (17% vs 10,3%; p=0,002). Conclusion PCMw represents a feasible non-invasive device that could reliably detect subclinical AF episodes after an ESUS. Diagnostic yield was significatively higher when used within the first 30 days after the event, especially in selected patients.

Absolute kinetics for reactions of C2H2 with a series of ∼60 individual carbon nanoparticles (NPs) from graphite, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon black, diamond, and nano-onion feedstocks were measured for temperatures (TNP) ranging from 1200 to 1700 K. All the NPs were observed to gain mass by carbon addition under conditions that varied with feedstock but with large variations in initial growth rate. Long reaction periods were studied to allow the evolution of growth rates over time to be observed. Diamond NPs were found to passivate against C2H2 addition if heated above ∼1400 K, and the highly variable initial reactivity for carbon nano-onions was found to depend on the presence of non-onion-structure surface carbon. For graphitic and carbon black NPs, three distinct growth modes were observed, correlated with the initial NP mass (Minitial). Smallest graphitic and carbon black NPs, with masses 50 MDa, grew rapidly and continuously, adding up to ∼300% of Minitial with no sign of rate slowing as long as C2H2 was present. The efficiencies for C2H2 addition and etching by O2 are strongly correlated, but the correlation changes as the NPs passivate. Growth and passivation mechanisms are discussed.

Background Within the classification of pathological scars, scars after a burn that degenerate into squamous cell carcinoma, are called Marjolin's Ulcer. They generally present with nodules or plaques with irregular margins and surface, heterogeneous in color, painless, which present a slow growth mainly in a burn scar. These lesions are more frequent in patients with fair skin, being the main risk factor chronic exposure to sunlight. When Marjolin's ulcers occur, they appear many years after the burn and are characterized by being aggressive with a poor prognosis. A case report from a 58-year-old male, with a history of a third-degree burn for 3 years on the back and abdomen presented a plaque on a scar on his back of 8 years of evolution which had presented recurrent infections. Keywords: Marjolin ulcer, flap reconstruction

ObjectiveTo map the existing literature on the difference in risk factors for undernutrition between indigenous and non-indigenous children younger than 5 years old of Latin America and caribbean.IntroductionCompared to non-indigenous children, Indigenous children have a higher risk for undernutrition, however, there are not systematic or scoping reviews identifying this difference through the risk factors.Inclusion criteriaEvery paper designed to assess directly or indirectly associations between undernutrition and risk factors, also, it must show results where indigenous people had not been aggregated to other races. We excluded every paper that didn’t have a covariate different to ethnicity.MethodsThis scoping review will use the JBI methodology to search several databases, trial registries, and gray literature for both published and unpublished studies related to malnutrition. Two or more independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts for inclusion criteria, assess full texts, and extract data using a data extraction tool. Results will be presented as a narrative synthesis with key findings, knowledge gaps, and recommendations. A PRISMA-ScR flow diagram will be included in the final report.

Este artigo apresenta uma perspectiva geral dos impactos observados por mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra em bacias hidrográficas, com ênfase em regiões tropicais. Primeiramente, são abordadas as primeiras asserções sobre os impactos das mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra, os primeiros debates e os artigos científicos pioneiros em relação ao tema. Então, se expõe, em termos gerais, os impactos diretos e indiretos das mudanças no uso e cobertura da terra e o papel das florestas nesse contexto. Em seguida, apresenta-se um levantamento não detalhado de estudos em nível mundial e explora-se as regiões tropicais, com estudos na América do Sul, Ásia e África. Adicionalmente, discute-se o efeito de escala, tanto nos estudos em geral quanto na fragmentação dos habitats e considerações finais, identificando algumas tendências e propostas para o futuro de estudos no tema.

Improving the built environment to support walking is a popular strategy to increase urban sustainability and walkability. In the past decade alone, many US cities have implemented crosswalk visibility enhancement programs as part of road safety improvements and active transportation plans. However, there are no systematic ways of measuring and monitoring the presence of key built environment attributes that influence the safety and walkability of an area, such as marked crosswalks. Furthermore, little is known about how these attributes change over time at a national scale. In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach using a deep learning-based computer vision model on Street View images to identify changes in intersection-level marked crosswalks around more than 4,000 US transit stations over a 14-year period. We found an increase in the overall number of marked crosswalks at intersections. Furthermore, high-visibility crosswalks became more common, as they replaced existing parallel-line crosswalks. We further examine crosswalks around transit stations in New York City and San Francisco to illustrate geographic variations and compare associations with other characteristics of the built environment as reported in the Smart Location Database. Areas with increases in high-visibility crosswalks focused on high density residential areas and areas with a higher percent of zero-vehicle households. However, geographic variations exist. For example, in San Francisco, transit station areas outside downtown or major corridors (South and Southwest of the city) had the lower prevalence of marked crosswalks. This analysis confirms important gaps in crosswalk visibility that call for safety enhancements and opens the door for additional research involving these data. We conclude by discussing the limitations and future research opportunities using computer vision to automatically detect large-scale transportation infrastructure changes at a relatively low cost.

To investigate the impact of global and local genetic ancestry and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), on breast cancer (BC) subtype, and gene expression.Higher rates of aggressive BC subtypes [triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)] and worse overall BC survival are seen in black women [Hispanic Black (HB) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB)] and women from low nSES. However, the complex relationship between genetic ancestry, nSES, and BC subtype etiology remains unknown.Genomic analysis was performed on the peripheral blood from a cohort of 308 stage I to IV non-Hispanic White (NHW), Hispanic White (HW), HB, and NHB women with BC. Patient and tumor characteristics were collected. Global and local ancestral estimates were calculated. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to determine associations between age, stage, genetic ancestry, and nSES on rates of TNBC compared to estrogen receptor (ER+)/epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2-), ER+/HER2+, and ER-/HER2+ disease.Among 308 women, we identified a significant association between increasing West African (WA) ancestry and odds of TNBC [odds ratio (OR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.001-1.126, P =0.046] as well as an inverse relationship between higher nSES and TNBC (OR: 0.343, 95% CI: 0.151-0.781, P =0.011). WA ancestry remained significantly associated with TNBC when adjusting for patient age and tumor stage, but not when adjusting for nSES (OR: 1.049, 95% CI: -0.987-1.116, P =0.120). Local ancestry analysis, however, still revealed nSES-independent enriched WA ancestral segment centered at χ 2 =42004914 ( p =3.70×10 -5 ) in patients with TNBC.In this translational epidemiologic study of genetic ancestry and nSES on BC subtype, we discovered associations between increasing WA ancestry, low nSES, and higher rates of TNBC compared to other BC subtypes. Moreover, on admixture mapping, specific chromosomal segments were associated with WA ancestry and TNBC, independent of nSES. However, on multinomial logistic regression adjusting for WA ancestry, women from low nSES were more likely to have TNBC, independent of genetic ancestry. These findings highlight the complex nature of TNBC and the importance of studying potential gene-environment interactions as drivers of TNBC.

Study designs involving randomization can be difficult to communicate to participants, especially those with low literacy. The literature on strategies to explain research concepts is limited, especially for non-English speakers. We measured the effectiveness of a culturally and contextually situated multimedia approach to recruit a cohort of 60 female Mexican immigrants (FMI) to a randomized control trial (RCT) to reduce social isolation and depression. This strategy was designed to explain the concept of randomization, explain what participating in the research study entailed, and ensure informed consent. Potential participants viewed a presentation explaining the study and a video including animation with voice-over explaining the concept of randomization. We administered a pre/post survey. Respondents ( N = 59) reported an increase in their understanding of randomization, intention to enroll, and attitude towards participating in research. We conclude that a culturally and contextually situated multimedia approach is an effective model when recruiting underrepresented populations with low literacy for RCTs.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a diagnosis given to individuals with a heterogeneous combination of symptoms and/or signs, including spontaneous and evoked ocular pain. Our current study evaluated whether and which ocular pain assessments could serve as screening tools for central sensitization in individuals with DED. A cohort of individuals with DED symptoms (n = 235) were evaluated for ocular pain, DED signs (tear production, evaporation), evoked sensitivity to mechanical stimulation at the cornea, and evidence of central sensitization. Central sensitization was defined for this study as the presence of pain 30 seconds after termination of a thermal noxious temporal summation protocol (ie, aftersensations) presented at a site remote from the eye (ventral forearm). We found that combining ratings of average intensity of ocular pain, ratings of average intensity of pain due to light, response to topical anesthetic eye drops, and corneal mechanical pain thresholds produced the best predictive model for central sensitization (area under the curve of .73). When examining ratings of intensity of ocular pain due to light alone (0-10 numerical rating), a cutoff score of 2 maximized sensitivity (85%) and specificity (48%) for the presence of painful aftersensations at the forearm. Self-reported rating of pain sensitivity to light may serve as a quick screening tool indicating the involvement of central nociceptive system dysfunction in individuals with DED. PERSPECTIVE: This study reveals that clinically-relevant variables, including a simple 0 to 10 rating of ocular pain due to light, can be used to predict the contribution of central sensitization mechanisms in a subgroup of individuals with DED symptoms. These findings can potentially improve patient stratification and management for this complex and painful disease.

Purpose: Disparities in breast cancer outcomes have been a long-standing and persistent challenge. Earlier onset, advanced stage at diagnosis, aggressive tumor subtypes [triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)], and worse overall survival (OS) are some of the characteristic features of breast cancer in non-Hispanic Black (NHB) women compared to their non-Hispanic White (NHW) counterparts, denoting one of the most significant examples of racial/ethnic differences in oncology. Given our location in South Florida, gateway to Latin America and the Caribbean, we discovered that these disparities in tumor characteristics and outcomes among NHB and NHW also extend to Hispanic Blacks (HB) compared to Hispanic Whites (HW). Since Hispanics are the second largest ethnic group in the US and have a rich genetic architecture with contributions from European (EU), West African (WA), and Native American (NA) populations, we sought to investigate genomic associations between observed inter and intra-racial/ethnic differences and breast cancer characteristics and outcomes. Methods: Patients with stage I-IV breast cancer were included. Patient socioeconomnic status (SES), tumor and treatment characteristics, and follow-up data were collected for each patient. Genomic analysis was performed on the peripheral blood from a cohort of 309 patients with breast cancer. This breast cancer cohort was comprised of 192 self-reported HW, 12 HB, 46 NHW, 47 NHB, and 12 unknown (declined to report) patients. Leukocyte DNA from each patient was genotyped, generating whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiles. Global ancestral estimates, using >100,000 SNPs, were calculated against reference samples from EU, WA, NA, and East Asian (EA) ancestral populations. A genomic diversity space was generated via principal component analysis and ADMIXTURE was used to estimate the ancestral proportions among the patients. Results: The genetic structure of individual patient sample revealed a diverse ancestral admixture where average EU, WA, NA, and EA ancestries were 64.5%, 21.8%, 11.2%, and 2.5%, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression revealed a significant association between increasing WA ancestry and aggressive tumor subtypes (ER-/HER2+ and TNBC), p=0.009 and p=0.031, respectively. These findings remained significant when correcting for patient age and tumor stage; however, when adjusting for income, the association between WA ancestry and ER-/HER2+ and TNBC was no longer significant. Kaplan Meier survival curves showed a significant difference in 5-year OS for patients with >70% WA ancestry compared to those with Citation Format: Daniel A Rodriguez, Sina Yadegarynia, J. William Harbour, Nipun B. Merchant, Erin N. Kobetz, Neha Goel. Comprehensive analysis of global genetic ancestry and socioeconomic status on breast cancer outcomes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-05.

The thermal decomposition of calcium propionate, in inert and oxidative atmospheres, has been investigated by thermogravimetry combined with infrared evolved gas analysis; the main volatiles formed during thermal decomposition have been identified. The intermediate and final products have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The different mechanisms involved in thermal decomposition are discussed as a function of atmosphere and sample structure. The kinetics of the decomposition and the ability of powders to undergo a thermal runaway are also investigated.

S1. Doxycycline-inducible shRNA knockdown of BAP1 results in robust decrease of GLO1 expression in uveal melanoma cell lines. S2. Phenotypic rescue and toxicity analysis of three HDAC inhibitors in Xenopus embryos injected with control morpholino CtrlMO or bap1-targeting morpholino BAP1MO. S3. Quisinostat and trametinib combination exhibits mostly additive cytotoxic effect in uveal melanoma in vitro.

Table S2. Results of epigenetic library screen.

Drug screens leading to successful targeted therapies in cancer have been mainly based on cell viability assays identifying inhibitors of dominantly acting oncogenes. In contrast, there has been little success in discovering targeted therapies that reverse the effects of inactivating mutations in tumor-suppressor genes. BAP1 is one such tumor suppressor that is frequently inactivated in a variety of cancers, including uveal melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and mesothelioma. Because BAP1 is an epigenetic transcriptional regulator of developmental genes, we designed a two-phase drug screen involving a cell-based rescue screen of transcriptional repression caused by BAP1 loss, followed by an in vivo screen of lead compounds for rescue of a BAP1-deficient phenotype with minimal toxicity in Xenopus embryos. The first screen identified 9 compounds, 8 of which were HDAC inhibitors. The second screen eliminated all except one compound due to inefficacy or toxicity. The resulting lead compound, quisinostat, has a distinctive activity spectrum, including high potency against HDAC4, which was recently shown to be a key target of BAP1. Quisinostat was further validated in a mouse model and found to prevent the growth of BAP1-mutant uveal melanomas. This innovative strategy demonstrates the potential for identifying therapeutic compounds that target tumor-suppressor mutations in cancer.Implications:Few drugs have been identified that target mutations in tumor suppressors. Using a novel 2-step screening approach, strategy, we identified quisinostat as a candidate for therapy in BAP1-mutant uveal melanoma. HDAC4 is implicated as a key target in uveal melanoma and perhaps other BAP1-mutant cancers.

Table S1. Results of differential expression analysis

Introduction: Lower GI bleeding (LGIB) is defined as bleeding that occurs below the ligament of Treitz or endoscopically distal to the terminal ileum and comprises approximately 20% of all forms of GI bleeding. Appendiceal hemorrhage due to acute lower GI bleeding (ALGIB) is a rare and difficult-to-diagnose entity. Up to 90% of all LGIB cases cease spontaneously, making diagnosis difficult. (1) LGIB tends to occur in older male patients, with a 200-fold increase in people in their 80s compared to men in their 20s. In 10% of patients presenting with LGIB, the source of bleeding could not be identified even with a comprehensive evaluation. Keywords: Lower GI bleeding, appendiceal hemorrhage.

Estuarine sediments near former creosoting facilities along the Elizabeth River (Virginia, USA) are contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, we interrogated the bacterial community of the Elizabeth River with both culture-based and culture-independent methods to identify potential candidates for bioremediation of these contaminants. DNA-based stable isotope probing (SIP) experiments with phenanthrene and fluoranthene using sediment from the former Republic Creosoting site identified relevant PAH-degrading bacteria within the Azoarcus, Hydrogenophaga, and Croceicoccus genera. Targeted cultivation of PAH-degrading bacteria from the same site recovered 6 PAH-degrading strains, including one strain highly similar to Hydrogenophaga sequences detected in SIP experiments. Other isolates were most similar to organisms within the Novosphingobium, Sphingobium, Stenotrophomonas, and Alcaligenes genera. Lastly, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon microbiome analyses of sediment samples from four sites, including Republic Creosoting, with varying concentrations of PAHs. Analysis of these data showed a striking divergence of the microbial community at the highly contaminated Republic Creosoting site from less contaminated sites with the enrichment of several bacterial clades including those affiliated with the Pseudomonas genus. Sequences within the microbiome libraries similar to SIP-derived sequences were generally found at high relative abundance, while the Croceicoccus sequence was present at low to moderate relative abundance. These results suggest that Azoarcus and Hydrogenophaga strains might be good target candidates for biostimulation, while Croceicoccus spp. might be good targets for bioaugmentation in these sediments. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the value of culture-based and culture-independent methods in identifying promising bacterial candidates for use in a precision bioremediation scheme. KEY POINTS: • This study highlights the importance of using multiple strategies to identify promising bacterial candidates for use in a precision bioremediation scheme. • We used both selective cultivation techniques and DNA-based stable isotope probing to identify bacterial degraders of prominent PAHs at a historically contaminated site in the Elizabeth River, VA, USA. • Azoarcus and Hydrogenophaga strains might be good target candidates for biostimulation in Elizabeth River sediments, while Croceicoccus spp. might be good targets for bioaugmentation.

Background Left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are primary manifestations of the cardiorenal syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therapies that improve morbidity and mortality in HFpEF are lacking. Cell-based therapies promote cardiac repair in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. We hypothesized that cell-based therapy ameliorates CKD-induced HFpEF. Methods and Results Yorkshire pigs (n = 26) underwent 5/6 embolization-mediated nephrectomy. CKD was confirmed by increased creatinine and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was not different between groups from baseline to 4 weeks. HFpEF was evident at 4 weeks by increased LV mass, relative wall thickening, end-diastolic pressure, and end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship, with no change in ejection fraction (EF). Four weeks post-embolization, allogeneic (allo) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC; 1 × 107 cells), allo-kidney-derived stem cells (KSC; 1 × 107 cells), allo-cell combination therapy (ACCT; MSC + KSC; 1:1 ratio; total = 1 × 107 cells), or placebo (Plasma-Lyte) was delivered via intra-renal artery. Eight weeks post-treatment, there was a significant increase in MAP in the placebo group (21.89 ± 6.05 mmHg) compared to the ACCT group. GFR significantly improved in the ACCT group. EF, relative wall thickness, and LV mass did not differ between groups at 12 weeks. EDPVR improved in the ACCT group, indicating decreased ventricular stiffness. Conclusions Intra-renal artery allogeneic cell therapy was safe in a CKD swine model manifesting the characteristics of HFpEF. The beneficial effect on renal function and ventricular compliance in the ACCT group supports further research of cell therapy for cardiorenal syndrome.

Purpose This study sought to evaluate whether associations between adolescent combustible cigarette smoking and e-cigarette progression were explained by beliefs that e-cigarettes substitute for cigarettes in nonsmoking situations. Methods Adolescents (N = 1,799) from public high schools outside of Philadelphia, PA, completed in-classroom surveys at wave 1 (fall 2016, beginning of ninth grade) and at 6-month intervals for the following 36 months (fall 2019, beginning of 12th grade). Results A parallel process latent growth curve model revealed that the pathway from baseline smoking to e-cigarette use trend through baseline e-cigarette substitution beliefs was significant (B = .02, z = 2.16, p = .03), indicating that the positive effect of greater baseline cigarette smoking on the rate of e-cigarette progression was channeled through e-cigarette substitution beliefs. The indirect effect from baseline smoking to e-cigarette use trend via e-cigarette substitution beliefs trend was also significant, albeit negative (B = -.05, z = -2.61, p = .009). The negative indirect effect suggested that the strong positive effect of baseline cigarette smoking on baseline substitution beliefs was followed by a slowing of the overall rate of change from baseline. Given that the total effect from baseline smoking to e-cigarette trend was not significant (p = .91), the results suggested complete mediation. Conclusions Among adolescents with greater use of combustible cigarettes, beliefs regarding the substitutability of e-cigarettes in nonsmoking situations appear to foster progression in e-cigarette use. Addressing these beliefs in the school setting and through media campaign messaging early in adolescence may help to prevent the use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes.

A growing body of work has addressed human adaptations to diverse environments using genomic data, but few studies have connected putatively selected alleles to phenotypes, much less among underrepresented populations such as Amerindians. Studies of natural selection and genotype–phenotype relationships in underrepresented populations hold potential to uncover previously undescribed loci underlying evolutionarily and biomedically relevant traits. Here, we worked with the Tsimane and the Moseten, two Amerindian populations inhabiting the Bolivian lowlands. We focused most intensively on the Tsimane, because long-term anthropological work with this group has shown that they have a high burden of both macro and microparasites, as well as minimal cardiometabolic disease or dementia. We therefore generated genome-wide genotype data for Tsimane individuals to study natural selection, and paired this with blood mRNA-seq as well as cardiometabolic and immune biomarker data generated from a larger sample that included both populations. In the Tsimane, we identified 21 regions that are candidates for selective sweeps, as well as 5 immune traits that show evidence for polygenic selection (e.g., C-reactive protein levels and the response to coronaviruses). Genes overlapping candidate regions were strongly enriched for known involvement in immune-related traits, such as abundance of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Importantly, we were also able to draw on extensive phenotype information for the Tsimane and Moseten and link five regions (containing PSD4 , MUC21 and MUC22 , TOX2 , ANXA6 , and ABCA1 ) with biomarkers of immune and metabolic function. Together, our work highlights the utility of pairing evolutionary analyses with anthropological and biomedical data to gain insight into the genetic basis of health-related traits.

The practice of physical activity is an effective non-pharmacological strategy for preventing and treating chronic diseases. A large body of evidence has contributed to establishing a positive correlation between a physically active lifestyle and health benefits, including enhanced vaccination responses, lower numbers of senescent T-cells, increased T-cell proliferative capacity, lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, and improved neutrophil and macrophage function. While females are generally thought to exert more robust immune responses than males in response to a variety of challenges, and both male and female sex hormones have been suggested as mediators of immune function, research on this topic has not always been designed with a sex-specific lens. The goal of this review is to summarize the available experimental and clinical evidence linking exercise and immune function in male and female subjects, with an emphasis on sex differences and sex-specific mechanisms. Overall, the available evidence indicates that moderate exercise and physical activity improves immune function in both sexes, whereas prolonged and high-intensity exercise temporarily impairs immune responses at a higher degree in females. A role of male and female sex hormones in these sex-specific effects is also discussed.

La contingencia generada por el Covid-19 ha generado altos niveles de estrés y ha dificultado la puesta en marcha de estrategias de afrontamiento eficaces frente a las nuevas demandas de la educación virtual en jóvenes universitarios, los cual ha ocasionado diferentes afectaciones en su salud mental. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer el papel predictivo de las características sociodemográficas y los esquemas maladaptativos sobre las estrategias de afrontamiento ha¬cia el cambio abrupto por la situación de confinamiento por el Covid-19 en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios. El estudio tiene un diseño predictivo, transversal y se aplicó en 247 participantes de edades entre dieciocho y 51 años (M = 23,8, DE = 6,24), a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos de autoría propia, la Escala Estrategias de Coping-Modificada (EEC-M) y Young Schema Questionnaire adaptación en población colombiana. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de que los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos de deprivación emocional, derecho y entrampamiento predicen los estilos de evitación emocional, reacción agresiva, evitación cognitiva y expresión de la dificultad de afrontamiento a la situación de confinamiento por Covid-19, mediados por la edad de los estudiantes universitarios.

La problemática sobre los derechos de autor y la manera en la que estos deben ser entendidos es uno de los temas que mayores controversias ha generado en el tiempo, pues las posturas que tratan de brindar una explicación sobre este tema no han seguido una misma línea de desarrollo. A pesar de ello, la mayoría de estas posiciones buscan un mismo fin aunque por distintos caminos, tal es el reconocimiento y consagración en cabeza del autor de un derecho subjetivo que le permita disfrutar de los beneficios de sus creaciones. Para la comprensión se hace de vital importancia tener en consideración el contexto histórico en la que van a forjar sus postulados. Si bien pueden desprenderse conceptos típicos en todas ellas, cada una responderá de diferente manera a la interrogante sobre la naturaleza de los derechos de autor elaborando distintas teorías, las cuales han dejado importantes aportes que permiten tener una cabal comprensión de los derechos de autor en la actualidad. El desarrollo e importancia que ha llegado a alcanzar este derecho ha llevado, además, a la construcción de todo un sistema internacional para su protección, otorgándole la calidad de derecho humano. El camino a tal logro ha resistido la apariciónde posturas rígidas e insostenibles, pero se ha sabido comprender con los aportes de la teoría de la personalidad el contenido fundamental de los derechos de autor.

Objective This study aimed to develop and internally validate risk prediction models for predicting groin wound surgical site infections (SSIs) following arterial intervention and to evaluate the utility of existing risk prediction models for this outcome. Methods Data from the Groin wound Infection after Vascular Exposure (GIVE) multicentre cohort study were used. The GIVE study prospectively enrolled 1 039 consecutive patients undergoing an arterial procedure through 1 339 groin incisions. An overall SSI rate of 8.6% per groin incision, and a deep/organ space SSI rate of 3.8%, were reported. Eight independent predictors of all SSIs, and four independent predictors of deep/organ space SSIs were included in the development and internal validation of two risk prediction models. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify relevant risk prediction models for their evaluation. Results The “GIVE SSI risk prediction model” (“GIVE SSI model”) and the “GIVE deep/organ space SSI risk prediction model” (“deep SSI model”) had adequate discrimination (C statistic 0.735 and 0.720, respectively). Three other groin incision SSI risk prediction models were identified; both GIVE risk prediction models significantly outperformed these other risk models in this cohort (C statistic 0.618 – 0.629; p Conclusion Two models were created and internally validated that performed acceptably in predicting “all” and “deep” groin SSIs, outperforming current existing risk prediction models in this cohort. Future studies should aim to externally validate the GIVE models.

Plant recruitment interactions (i.e., what recruits under what) shape the composition, diversity, and structure of plant communities. Despite the huge body of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying recruitment interactions among species, we still know little about the structure of the recruitment networks emerging in ecological communities. Modeling and analyzing the community-level structure of plant recruitment interactions as a complex network can provide relevant information on ecological and evolutionary processes acting both at the species and ecosystem levels. We report a data set containing 143 plant recruitment networks in 23 countries across five continents, including temperate and tropical ecosystems. Each network identifies the species under which another species recruits. All networks report the number of recruits (i.e., individuals) per species. The data set includes >850,000 recruiting individuals involved in 118,411 paired interactions among 3318 vascular plant species across the globe. The cover of canopy species and open ground is also provided. Three sampling protocols were used: (1) The Recruitment Network (RN) protocol (106 networks) focuses on interactions among established plants (“canopy species”) and plants in their early stages of recruitment (“recruit species”). A series of plots was delimited within a locality, and all the individuals recruiting and their canopy species were identified; (2) The paired Canopy-Open (pCO) protocol (26 networks) consists in locating a potential canopy plant and identifying recruiting individuals under the canopy and in a nearby open space of the same area; (3) The Georeferenced plot (GP) protocol (11 networks) consists in using information from georeferenced individual plants in large plots to infer canopy-recruit interactions. Some networks incorporate data for both herbs and woody species, whereas others focus exclusively on woody species. The location of each study site, geographical coordinates, country, locality, responsible author, sampling dates, sampling method, and life habits of both canopy and recruit species are provided. This database will allow researchers to test ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary hypotheses related to plant recruitment interactions. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set; please cite this data paper when using these data in publications., Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Grant/Award Number, ICTS-2017-08-CSIC-4; SUMHAL, Grant/Award Numbers: 418RT0555, 501100011033, LIFEWATCH-2019-09-CSIC-13, MCIN/ AEI/10.13039, PGC2018-100966-B-100, PID2020-113157GB-I00, POPE 2014-2020