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Quelle satisfaction que d’emprunter à Victor Hugo le titre de ce dossier. Il évoquait ainsi le peuple laborieux des côtes : pêcheurs, marins, portefaix. C’est à un rappel semblable de l’importance du travail maritime et portuaire que ce dossier souhaite contribuer. Le thème des Rendez-vous de l’histoire (RVH) de Blois 2022 porte sur « La Mer ». La conférence inaugurale sera présentée par Alain Cabantous, annoncé comme spécialiste d’histoire maritime, sociale et culturelle. Les nombreux atelie...

Anton Nilsson (1887-1989) est l’une des plus célèbres figures du mouvement ouvrier suédois, un militant de premier plan élevé au statut d’icône. Membre du Mouvement des jeunes socialistes dans la ville ouvrière de Malmö, il place une bombe sur le navire Amalthea, qui abritait 73 briseurs de grève anglais, dans le cadre d’un vaste conflit du travail impliquant les dockers des ports suédois. Il est condamné à mort, mais à la suite de nombreuses protestations, y compris internationales, sa peine est commuée en prison à vie. En 1917, après les troubles de la « révolution des pommes de terre » et l’élection du premier gouvernement social-démocrate/libéral, il est libéré à la faveur d’une amnistie. À la veille de la Saint-Jean 1919, Anton Nilsson décroche un permis international de piloter des avions et rejoint le jeune État soviétique, où il devient pilote dans l’Armée rouge. Toute sa vie il est resté un militant et, centenaire, il participait encore à la manifestation du 1er mai à Stockholm, où il s’était installé et où il est enterré. Anton Nilsson (1887–1989) is one of the most famous people in the Swedish labour movement and a prominent activist with the status of an icon. He was a member of the Young Socialist movement in the working-class city of Malmö, he placed a bomb on the ship Amalthea, which housed 73 English strike breakers, in connection with an extensive dock worker conflict in the Swedish ports. Anton Nilsson was sentenced to death in a subsequent trial, but after extensive protests, also abroad, the death sentence was converted to life imprisonment. Following the “potato revolution” and as the first Social Democratic / Liberal government was elected, he was granted an amnesty in 1917 and released from captivity. On Midsummer's Eve 1919, Anton Nilsson took an international flight certificate and went to the young Soviet state to become a pilot in the Red Army. He remained an agitator throughout his life and participated as a centenarian in the First of May demonstration in Stockholm, where he then lived and later was also buried.

In land geophysical exploration an impulsive or vibratory source, operating at the earth’s surface, is used to generate the seismic signal during the field acquisition. Comparisons of the manufacturer’s output specifications will often be a factor in selecting a seismic source for ‘good S/N’ (signal to noise ratio) in a particular survey area. For impulsive sources, such as dynamite, weight drop, and accelerated weight drop (AWD), the source specifications are given in energy units (Joules, foot-pounds) whereas vibroseis sources are rated in force units (Newtons, pounds-force). For either type of source, the manufacturer’s specifications are the output ‘power’ of the source mechanism and do not take into account any inefficiencies/losses in energy in the source mechanism or the interacting earth volume when generating the seismic signal. In this paper, I examine some of the factors that determine the transfer of energy from the source mechanism to the seismic signal and show, for AWD sources, the energy transfer during the impulse can be greatly improved by optimization of the source parameters. For vibrators, the energy transfer to the ground may be a better indicator of the propagating wave than the current WSGF estimates.

The revived plan to dynamite rapids and rocky islets in Chiang Rai province of Thailand as part of an Upper Mekong navigation improvement scheme allowing bigger tonnage Chinese cargo ships to pass more smoothly all the way to Luang Prabang in Laos has been folded into the wider visions of BRI. These rework and invert a geopolitical imaginary that has imperial origins in the Lower Mekong, when the French sought to navigate upstream from Indochina during 19th century explorations. Our paper examines the rock-blasting plans and shifting responses from and relations between Laos and Thailand in light of past and contemporary geopolitical narratives.

PURPOSE: Spatial encoding for MRI is generally based on linear x, y, and z magnetic field gradients generated by a set of dedicated gradient coils. We recently introduced the dynamic multicoil technique (DYNAMITE) for B(0) field control and demonstrated DYNAMITE MRI in a preclinical MR environment. In this study, we report the first realization of DYNAMITE MRI of the in vivo human head. METHODS: Gradient fields for DYNAMITE MRI were generated with a 28-channel multicoil hardware arranged in 4 rows of 7 coils on a cylindrical surface (length 359 mm, diameter 344 mm, maximum 5 A per coil). DYNAMITE MRIs of a resolution phantom and in vivo human heads were acquired with multislice gradient-echo, multislice spin-echo, and 3D gradient-echo sequences. The resultant image fidelity was compared to that obtained with conventional gradient coil technology. RESULTS: DYNAMITE field control enabled the realization of all imaging sequences with average gradient errors ≤ 1%. DYNAMITE MRI provided image quality and sensitivity comparable to conventional gradient technology without any obvious artifacts. Some minor geometric deformations were noticed primarily in the image periphery as the result of regional field imperfections. The imperfections can be readily approximated theoretically through numerical integration of the Biot-Savart law and removed through image distortion correction. CONCLUSION: The first realization of DYNAMITE MRI of the in vivo human head has been presented. The obtained image fidelity is comparable to MRI with conventional gradient coils, paving the way for full-fledged DYNAMITE MRI and B(0) shim systems for human applications.

For more than 2500 years, soil tunnels have been used in warfare and smuggling. Initially tunnels were utilized to attack fortresses that were underlain by unconsolidated (non-bedrock) soil materials. Later tunnels provided housing and served as smuggling corridors. The medieval warfare undermining technique involved digging soil tunnels with wooden or beam props to hold up the soil ceilings. Then flammable material, such as hay or straw, was put in the tunnel and set on fire. The fire burnt the support beams which collapsed the soil tunnel ceilings and undermined the overlying perimeter wall. Later gunpowder and dynamite replaced fire when attempting to collapse a tunnel, fortress or perimeter defense. Modern warfare soil tunnels were the pathways used to move troops, weapons and supplies to the other side of a border or wall for surprise attacks. Most of the soil tunnels were placed in easy-to-dig unconsolidated soil materials that had a low water table and were not subject to flooding. Eventually, machinery was used to drill through bedrock permitting deeper and longer tunnels for troop movement or smuggling. However, when drilling through bedrock under international borders, the process creates both noise and vibrations which were often detected by the enemy. Once discovered the tunnels were often collapsed by blowing up the tunnel, injection of gas, filling with water or wastewater, or inserting barriers. A series of case studies will be examined with the goal of determining soil and site criteria required to permit successful tunneling. The most restrictive soil and geologic conditions will be identified as well as potential mitigation methods used to overcome the site restrictions will be documented. Countries with warfare or smuggling issues along their borders, such as Israel and United States, need to identify the sections of the border most likely to be undermined by soil tunnels. In the case of Israel their entire border is susceptible as a result of the favorable arid climate, soils and geology. The US border with Mexico can become vulnerable wherever a new wall is created. Without a wall there is usually no need for soil tunnels. The US Department of Homeland Security and border patrol will need to monitor the noise and vibrations, just like the Israel does, to identify future soil tunnel locations. Eventually most of 3200 km border will have a wall that will become the target of more soil tunnels for smuggling goods and people from Mexico into the United States.

The Roman monument locally known as Kuşkayası Yol Anıtı (literally bird rock road monument) in Turkish is an arresting site carved in relief on a mountainside. Its decapitated figures have hewn limbs, and dynamite has blasted out large chunks of the monument. Though scholars have tangentially touched upon Kuşkayası, there is little analysis of its visual symbolism and the mutilated human figure’s identity and destruction have been mysteries. This paper will analyse the monument and explicate its noteworthy blend of Roman Imperial and local iconography, a syncretistic design which participates in the Romanization of Bithynia et Pontus and legitimizes the monument’s builder Gaius Julius Aquila. Next, this paper will argue that the mysterious beheaded figure likely represents Aquila rather than Emperor Claudius. Finally, this paper will forward that Kuşkayası was the victim of Christian mutilation in Late Antiquity during its initial phase of destruction, and treasure hunters in its most recent phase. Kuşkayası represents an innovative symbolic composition and speaks both to the syncretistic public art tradition and the history of the destruction of antiquities on the Black Sea coast.

An underground deposit of granite in the municipality of Tracuateua, in the Brazilian state of Para, is being quarried by the Santa Monica Mining Company for the extraction of raw material for the local construction sector. This deposit is exploited in traditional fashion, by using dynamite to dislodge the rock. This activity appears to have caused cracks in buildings in the region, as well as degrading features of its ground, landscape, and relief, and even contaminating one of the the principal local rivers. In the present study, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) tool was used to evaluate the structure of the subsurface and possible environmental impacts caused by quarrying with dynamite at the study site.

Molecular data analysis is invaluable in understanding the overall behavior of a rapidly spreading virus population when epidemiological surveillance is problematic. It is also particularly beneficial in describing subgroups within the population, often identified as clades within a phylogenetic tree, that represent individuals connected via direct transmission or transmission via differing risk factors in viral spread. However, transmission patterns or viral dynamics within these smaller groups should not be expected to exhibit homogeneous behavior over time. As such, standard phylogenetic approaches that identify clusters based on summary statistics (e.g., median genetic distance over the clade) would not be expected to capture dynamic clusters of transmission. For this purpose, we have developed DYNAMITE (DYNAMic Identification of Transmission Epicenters), a cluster identification algorithm based on a branch-wise (rather than traditional clade-wise) search for cluster criteria, allowing partial clades to be recognized as clusters. Using simulated viral outbreaks with varying cluster types and dynamics, we show that DYNAMITE is consistently more sensitive than existing tools in detecting both static and dynamic transmission clusters. DYNAMITE has been implemented in R and released as open source at: github.com/ProsperiLab/DYNAMITE.

Summary In some areas with complicated surface conditions, such as mountains, towns, and reservoir nature reserves. Seismic acquisition by dynamite source is prohibited. Although through the shot-point transferring, the overall coverage can be achieved, the lack of shallow or near-offset information has a great impact on near-surface velocity model inversion, velocity analysis and imaging. Therefore, seismic acquisition by a combination of dynamite source and vibroseis is adopted. However, the wavelets, amplitudes, frequencies, and phases acquired by mixed sources are inconsistent, which will cause the illusion of fine interpretation. In order to solve the mismatches of mixed source, this paper proposed a high-precision matching processing method overcoming the shortcomings of conventional matching filtering processing method, which does not consider the influence of noise. This method solves the inconsistency problem of the data collected by mixed sources, eliminates the differences caused by different excitation methods, and improves the S/N ratio and imaging quality of seismic data. Actual processing results show that the high-precision matching processing method of mixed sources can effectively solve the inconsistency problems and can be applied to merging seismic data processing.

This chapter details Harry Dean's military service in the U.S. Navy during World War II. He was one of several actors who served in the South Pacific, including Lee Van Cleef, Lee Marvin, and Harry Dean's future acting teacher Jeff Corey. Following a description of life in Navy boot camp, the chapter discusses service on an LST (landing ship, tank), which Harry Dean described as "riding a stick of dynamite." He was ship's cook on the hardware-carrying USS LST-970, which saw service in the Battle of Okinawa -- the last major battle of the war -- and faced the death-defying missions of Japan's kamikaze pilots. The Navy lost more ships in this battle than at any other time in its history. "I was damn lucky I didn't get blown up or killed," Harry Dean said about the experience.

Background. We aimed to categorize the types of productivity among published scientists and correlate them with the Nobel Prize. Data source. Nobel Foundation website ( www.nobelprize.org/nobel_organizations/nobelfoundation/ ) and PubMed database. Inclusion criteria. Scientists born from 1867, the year in which Alfred Nobel patented dynamite to accumulate his fortune, which in turn led to the establishment of Nobel’s famous will in 1895. Design. Retrospective analysis of the Nobel awards since 1901. Results. We propose an eponymous formulation called Pai-Kan Footprints (PKF) each with an alphabet tag of a recognized gumshoe agency.

Sediments transported by heavy rainfall result from frequent typhoons in the Tseng-Wen reservoir, which now comprise one-third of the capacity of the reservoir. Yearly increases of 6.56 mi...

This paper draws from an ethnographic vignette of dynamite fishing in southeastern Tanzania. I consider the utility of participant observation as a method for examining ecologically destructive practices, especially in contexts where such activities are illegal or prohibited by conservation regulations. I raise self-reflexive critiques, internal to my home discipline of anthropology, and discuss the methodological, ethical, and analytical challenges of attempting to document cases of dynamite fishing and other related phenomena of pressing environmental concern. Ultimately, I maintain that participant observation remains a valuable tool for documenting and explaining environmentally destructive activities.

Resumen: Alfred Nobel dedicó su vida a la industria y la investigación como ingeniero, químico y descubridor de la dinamita. Su espíritu pacifista le llevó a emplear su fortuna (33 millones de coronas) en los premios que llevan su nombre. En 1901 se otorgó el primero a Emil Adolph von Behring, por el descubrimiento del suero antidiftérico. Desde entonces se ha concedido anualmente, salvo en los años de guerras mundiales (1914-1918 y 1939-1945 respectivamente). Los descubrimientos de Alfred Nobel estaban orientados a mejorar las comunicaciones: ferrocarriles, puertos, túneles, puentes y otras vías; pero él nunca imaginó que sus inventos se utilizarían con fines bélicos y homicidas. Han transcurrido 121 años desde su muerte y su nombre es conocido en todo el mundo gracias a los premios por él instaurados. Respecto a la medicina, hasta hoy, han sido 208 investigadores los laureados, término que la Fundación Nobel gusta emplear. Abstract: Alfred Nobel devoted his life to the industry and research as an engineer, chemist, and was the discoverer of dynamite. His pacifist spirit led him to devote his fortune (33 million Swedish Kroner) to the awards that bear his name. The first Prize was awarded to Emil Adolph von Behring in recognition of his studies on diphtheria. Since then, the prize has been given annually, except during the first (1914-1918) and second World Wars (1939-1945), respectively. His findings were aimed at improving terrestrial communications such as railways, seaports, dams, tunnels, bridges, and other road networks. However, he never thought his discoveries would be used for military purposes. As 121 years have elapsed since this important “Maecenas”, whose name has spread across the world. As regards medicine, there are currently 208 Nobel Laureates, a term used by the Nobel Foundation. Palabras clave: Alfred Nobel, Medicina, Investigación, Terapéutica, Historia, Keywords: Alfred Nobel, Medicine, Research, Therapeutics, History

It is not uncommon to read the Moomin tales through existentialist lenses. Although there might be natural reasons for focusing on and privileging the nine classical Moomin books, it would, however, be a mistake to overlook Jansson’s comic strips. This is so, not only because of the quality of Jansson’s drawings and because of the way she innovatively worked with and developed that graphic medium, but certainly also because of the stories they contain. When read alongside the books, the comic strips add important aspects and nuances to Jansson’s portrayal of human existence. By allowing herself the freedom to radically change the setting and scenery of the stories, Jansson was able to explore quite different topics than was possible in the novels, and in particular to offer a somewhat different account of the role of customs, normality and tradition.

Historically, it has often been easy for those in power, whether in local or national government, to try and ignore the concerns of those that lived in the housing stock they owned and managed. This was especially true in the context of increasing stigmatisation and ‘residualisation’ of council housing from the 1970s. There are obvious continuities evident in the neglect which led to the fire at Grenfell tower last year. The justified anger and activism both before and following the loss of life at Grenfell has historical precedents throughout the UK. This article takes a case study approach to analyse the campaigns undertaken by community groups in Glasgow from the 1970s and beyond to highlight the council’s blatant attempts to blame the residents for its failures. This was not a new strategy for Glasgow’s municipal authorities, which had been struggling with some of the highest levels of overcrowding in the UK for decades. Persistent narratives which stigmatised residents in the city’s inner city and peripheral housing estates helped the authorities to try and minimise or dismiss demands for housing improvements. This article highlights how activists in the Gorbals and Castlemilk fought back by drawing public attention to the conditions in which they were living. There are lessons to be learned from their methods and tactics, a heritage currently being drawn upon by housing activists in Glasgow today.

Our society, unfortunately, is increasingly becoming exposed to explosion events that could have serious consequences. While explosion events like intentionally triggered bombs cause obvious harm to life and property, other explosions intended for benign purposes in quarries and construction zones may also cause unintended harm as a result of emanating seismic vibrations. As of today, detecting explosions, ranging them, and estimating their intensities are all accomplished only by seismometers that sense the associated ground vibrations and pressure changes as a result of their triggering. Unfortunately, seismometers are bulky, expensive and unsuitable for the ubiquitous use. In this paper, our broad motivation is to demonstrate the feasibility of leveraging the pervasive sensing and processing capabilities of modern smartphones to analyze explosion events. Within this context, we specifically address the problem of ranging and estimating the intensity of an explosion by leveraging the accelerometer and pressure sensors in the smartphone. To do so, we emplaced a number of smartphones in the vicinity of real explosion blasts conducted at a university mining laboratory, where the material blasted was Dynamite with Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil (ANFO). We then collected the corresponding accelerometer and pressure readings sensed by the phone. We extracted a number of novel features, and designed a machine learning based algorithmic framework for ranging and estimating the intensity of the explosion event. After an extensive validation, we find that the average-case error in ranging (i.e., estimating the distance to the source of the explosion event) and estimating the intensity of explosive material (in terms of its charge weight) are 8.24% and 7.37%, respectively. We also present perspectives on encoding our algorithm as a smartphone app, identify several critical challenges that will be encountered in real-time data processing of smartphone accelerometers and pressure sensors in the context of pervasive sensing of explosions, and also identify other practical issues like the diversity of smartphones. To the best of our knowledge, our work is pioneering in demonstrating the feasibility of using smartphones to analyze explosion events. We believe there are significant societal benefits emanating from our work.

In order to investigate the dynamic response and failure modes of concrete wall under hydraulic blasting load in underground tunnels, the fracture mechanism and zoning characteristics of hydraulic blasting of concrete wall was analyzed theoretically. Stress field, displacement field and energy variation laws of concrete wall has been simulated based on the finite element dynamic program LS/dyna. Meanwhile, different experimental conditions on the dynamite, reserved hole parameters such as demolition parameters are designed studied according to the blasting fracturing principle. The effects of stress wave, high pressure gas expansion effect in the dismantling process, application of line of least resistance principle and directional blasting effect control principle are analyzed. Results reveal the FSI effect between concrete wall and the water-dynamite-pore wall and the relationship between parameters of the structure and the dynamite dynamite, the concrete dynamic compressive strength and dynamic tensile strength. Numerical and experimental methods as well as conclusions will provide basis for the blasting demolition of brick concrete wall under similar conditions.

This paper presents the results of an experimental work on the response of multi-layered protective structures subjected to underwater contact explosions. Multi-layered structures are used in anti-explosive design to resist underwater explosions and protect the equipment in some important ship compartments. The target experiment model is designed as a three-compartment box, an air, a fluid and another air compartment, which is made of four plates with thickness 4 mm that resist the propagation of damage. A series of experiments with increasing dynamite charge weight were conducted on this multi-layered structure. The damages and pressures of the test specimens were obtained. In general, it is shown that large damages and plastic deformations happened in the test structures, especially for the plate in contact with the dynamite. With the increase of the charge a trend of increasing damages in the outer and intermediate plates was observed, but the increase was small for the inner plate. Some important factors in plate damage are analyzed and the role of the compartments with different medium in the damage and energy dissipation is discussed. It is found that the multi-layered structure can resist the explosive loading very effectively.

In theory, the concept of sharing scientific information and knowledge seems safe [1]. However, in reality those who seek to obtain that knowledge are not always so pure in motive – consider Nobel’s experience with dynamite (Patent # 78317) - something driven home at every meeting we present The Fleming Method for Tissue and Vascular Differentiation and Metabolism (FMTVDM) at [2], an example of which is shown in Figure 1.

This chapters reads Louis-Napoléon Geoffroy Napoléon Apocryphe (often described as the first ‘alternate history’ novel), contextualizing it in terms of nineteenth-century theories of history and comparing it on those terms to Tolstoy’s War and Peace. Where Tolstoy forcefully repudiates the “great man” theory of history; Geoffroy in particular and—I argue—alt-history as a mode in general necessarily style history as fundamentally fragile. In War and Peace even so important a figure as Napoleon is powerful in the face of the inertia of collective historical force, where in Geoffroy’s novel it is history that is weak as the ‘great man’ conquers Russia, defeats America, occupies the whole globe and reshapes a Napoleonic utopia. The chapter explores the extent to which alternate history is Geoffroyan in this sense: agenre that can only think of history as a succession of ‘great’ (that is, significant) individuals, of moments around which everything might hinge. The comparison will lead into discussion of several key althistorical texts, including Murray Leinster’s ‘Sideways in Time’ (1934), Ward Moore's Bring the Jubilee (1953), and Felix Gilman's Half-Made World (2010).

Summary The impact and the propagation of the CO2 plume into the carbonate reservoirs is the main objective of a study conducted by Battelle at the Core Energy, LLC. 4D Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) has been conducted to track the injected CO2. We will present the processing and the initial time laps analysis. At the time of writing this paper the dynamite data analysis is still ongoing.

Three serious accidents occurred in three dynamite manufacturing plants within three European countries during a relatively short time period triggering the question of effective external learning. The article discusses the lessons for the prevention of accidents learned from retrospective comparative analysis. It advocates for a better process for learning lessons. It attempts to show how a two level approach to accident analysis may help to reveal a common deeper learning hidden under diverse routine lessons.

This paper examines the dynamite at the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing trial and in the courtroom address of accused bomb conspirator August Spies. The analysis focuses on the crucial object of the Haymarket events—the dynamite bomb—as much as it focuses on Spies's words. I argue that the material presence of dynamite interacted with polysemy and paradox when Spies preached dynamite. Spies delved into the polysemy of the term dynamite by drawing attention to the word's multiple meanings, and he constructed turnaround arguments warranted by dynamite to reverse the accusation of conspiring to commit violence back onto the state.

This article focuses on the vital significance of fats and oils for dietary and industrial purposes in World War II and pays special attention to the supply in the United States and among its Allies. It argues that the war led the US government to intervene drastically in important segments of the fats and oils commodity chain. Further, it examines government policies to rationalize usage, conserve the supply of stocks, recycle materials, and increase domestic oil crop cultivation. It also addresses US efforts to coordinate the global commodity chain with Allied powers, especially the UK. All these measures combined resulted in profound short- and long-term transformations in the national as well as global commodity chain of fats and oils.

In 1847, the chemist Ascanio Sobrero announced a way to make highly explosive compounds. Among them was nitroglycerin, which he made by heating cellulose in the presence of nitric acid to generate a substance he noted resembled light-yellow olive oil (he was Italian after all). Alfred Nobel subsequently figured out how to stabilize the explosive part, ultimately developing dynamite. This made him rich but reportedly also contrite over the impact his invention had on military operations, leading to his creating the Nobel Prizes as a sort of societal payback. Meanwhile, a Scottish physician, T. Lauder Brunton, was using amyl nitrite to treat angina, and when it was later realized that men with coronary disease working in nitroglycerin and dynamite factories had fewer angina episodes while at work but more over the weekend, its clinical use took off.1 Nitroglycerin is still widely used to treat angina and organo-nitrates, such as isosorbide di-nitrate, and its active metabolite isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) with longer half-lives are also in clinical use. Article, see p 1151 This is recent history compared with what the Chinese uncovered more than a millennium earlier. They found medicinal value in salpeter (KNO3), an inorganic salt that dissociates in aqueous solution into nitrate anion. As explained in a text attributed to the fifth to sixth century Daoist alchemist and physician Tao Hongjing (Figure), the powder placed under the tongue caused heart qi (figuratively life force) to flow freely and treat chest pain and other conditions of cardiovascular distress.2 In addition to its medical and explosive utility, salpeter was used by the middle ages as a food preservative. The element shared by organo-nitrates, such as nitroglycerin and inorganic KNO3−, is nitrate (NO3−). Nitrate itself has no physiological effects, but must undergo a 3-electron reduction …

Originally published in October 1935, Richard Wright describes the immediate aftermath of black boxer Joe Louis’s victory over then white champion Max Baer. On the South Side of Chicago, thousands of black people flooded into public spaces in celebration of a moment’s racial victory, an exceptional instance of black triumph over white. Taking strength from Louis’s strength, spontaneously assembled masses of black people felt temporarily and collectively free and invincible. They shook the hands of strangers in unleashed joy and stopped streetcars. Wright thought this cyclone of celebration exhibited a pent-up black folk consciousness that was hungry for freedom, an emboldened energy that could be harnessed and channeled politically. Although soon subsiding, these desires that had long been suppressed had been uncovered in Joe Louis’s victory.

In transition regions or river deltas, surveys often combine onshore and offshore types of acquisition. We discuss our approach for inverting a Niger river delta survey in which dynamite and geophones are used on land, with airguns and hydrophones in the rivers and creeks. This context presents certain challenges, such as differences in the source characteristics between dynamite and airguns. The airgun data lacks the low 4-6.5Hz frequencies that the dynamite data possesses. We therefore split the survey into two separate dynamite and airgun surveys, processing them independently. This allows for conventional marine and land workflows but introduces acquisition gaps in the separated surveys. We perform a multi-stage multiparameter inversion, first using only dynamite data to improve the starting model so it’s suitable for higher frequencies. Acquisition gaps in the dynamite only inversion are overcome using spatially adaptive smoothing which increases in areas of low illumination. This prevents formation of spurious oscillations. We then run a combined airgun-dynamite inversion. The results of our inversions lead to better stack and gather quality across the field compared to the initial model.