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Dent disease is an inherited proximal renal tubulopathy leading to low molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria with nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis, and progressive renal failure. Two genetic mutations have been identified. The disease usually presents in childhood or early adult life and may be associated with other proximal tubular defects, which can lead to significant morbidity, especially in children. The disorder can extend to interstitial and glomerular cells, which contributes to progression to end-stage kidney disease. The pathophysiologic process remains incompletely understood, and no specific treatment is available. Dent disease is likely under-recognized. It needs to be included in the differential, especially in young males, presenting with recurrent kidney stones, proteinuria, and impaired renal function.

The rolling element bearing is a fundamental component of any rotating machinery. During operation, wear debris and lubricant impurities create dents and bumps on the bearing raceway surfaces. Such localized defects produce transient vibration impulses at one of the bearing characteristic frequencies. Having a combination of multiple types of point defects on the raceway results in superimposed vibration patterns, which reduce the ability to recognize these defects’ effects. In this paper, a 6-DOF dynamic model is developed to accurately investigate the vibration characteristic of a ball bearing with a multipoint defect comprising a dent and bump on its raceway surface. The model considers the effects of time-varying contact force produced due to defects, lubricant film damping, bearing preload, and the inertia effect of rolling elements. The simulation results reveal the vibration behavior of multipoint defect bearings. In addition, bearing vibration response is affected by the number of defects, the angle between them, and the type and size of each defect. Furthermore, it is challenging to predict bearing defects parameters such as the numbers, types, sizes, and angles between adjacent defects from acceleration signal analysis without jerk signal analysis. The validation of the model is proved using signals from the Case Western University test setup.

Les restes humains archéologiques (principalement dents et ossements) apportent de nombreuses informations sur l’alimentation de par l’observation macro-microscopiques (état sanitaire, traces, micro-restes) et les analyses chimiques (des éléments contenus dans les tissus fossilisés). Si la différenciation entre consommation d’aliments terrestres et aquatiques est faisable à l’échelle de l’individu, l’identification de la consommation des ressources provenant spécifiquement de l’estran reste très difficile et nécessite un contexte archéologique particulier et favorable. Dans la majeure partie des études bioarchéologiques disponibles aujourd’hui, c’est la combinaison des faisceaux d’éléments (ex. localisation du site, études paléoenvironnementales, préservation des tissus dentaires/osseux) qui nous permet de proposer l’exploitation alimentaire des ressources intertidales. Des développements méthodologiques et l’établissement de référentiels, actuels et passés, pourraient apporter dans l’avenir des indices plus précis à partir de ces restes humains. Archaeological human remains (mainly teeth and bones) allow getting numerous information about diet thanks to macro-microscopic scale studies (health, wear, microremains) and chemical analyses (original chemical elements of preserved hard tissues). If the differentiation between aquatic versus terrestrial-based diet is possible at the individual level, to recognize the consumption of food resources specifically coming from the foreshore is extremely challenging and requires a favourable archaeological context. Among the bioarchaeological studies available nowadays, the exploitation of intertidal zone for subsistence is proposed only by body of evidences (eg. site location, palaeoenvironmental studies, preservation conditions of teeth and bones). The improvement of methodologies and past/modern biochemical databases will probably provide in the future further accurate information from human remains.

In the study, experimental and theoretical studies were carried out to assess the influence of the shapes of dents in the tank wall on the stress-strain state of the defect zone. By testing fragments of a cylindrical tank, it was found that the most appropriate expression is (5), which could take into account the leaching of the tank wall, resulting in a decrease in the stress concentration index. At the same time, during theoretical studies in this paper, it was found that polynomials determined the stress concentration coefficient, where the obtained analytical expression data were compared with the data determined numerically in the ANSYS program, and it was found that the spread was from 2% to 10%. According to the results of a numerical study of the stress-strain state of the dent zone in the tank wall, graphical dependences of the stress concentration coefficient on the dimensionless depth of the dent for various values of the dimensionless radius of the dents and do not exceed 2% of the indicators that are obtained. At the conclusion of the experimental and numerical studies, a conclusion was made about the degree of influence of the geometric dimensions of the dents on the stress concentration index.

In the process of the stretching of the shaft forgings, if the process parameters are not properly selected, the end-face dent will take place. The end-face dent affects the performance of large forgings and leads to much material wasting. Finite element method was employed to perform numerical simulation of the stretching of a main shaft with an upper flat anvil and a lower V-shaped anvil. The orthogonal test table was designed by selecting the anvil width, the Reduction ratio and the feed as influencing factors. Accordingly, simulations were carried out to solve the end-face dent values under different parameter combinations. The analysis showed that the optimal parameter combination gave an anvil width ratio of 0.75, a Reduction ratio of 0.2, and an initial feed of 300 mm. Through extremum difference analysis, it was found that among the three factors are the feed, the reduction ratio, and the anvil width ratio in the decreasing order of the influence on the end- face dent. Comprehensive analysis showed that when the anvil is relatively narrow, increasing the relative feed can reduce the end-surface dent remarkably. It is advisable that during the stretching of shaft forgings with a flat upper anvil and a V-shaped lower anvil, the combination of the anvil width ratio of 0.75, the reduction ratio of 0.2, and increasing the feed can reduce the end-face dent, thereby reducing the end cutting and saving material costs.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate rutting, fracture and thermal cracking resistance behavior of asphalt mastic containing inert and active fillers. A control neat binder (AC-30) along with basalt (B) as an inert filler and hydrated lime (HL) as active filler were selected in this study. The asphalt mastics were prepared for different percentages of HL (5, 10, 15 and 20%) filler, in such a way that Filler to Binder (F/B) ratio becomes 0.8. A total of five combinations of asphalt mastic were prepared such as: AC-30 + 80% B + 0% HL, AC-30 + 75% B + 5%HL, AC-30 + 70% B + 10%HL, AC-30 + 65% B + 15%HL, and AC-30 + 60% B + 20% HL. The rutting, fracture and thermal cracking resistance of asphalt mastics was evaluated using Superpave rutting factor parameter, Double Edge Notched Tension (DENT) and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), respectively. Influence of HL on the, performance of neat asphalt mastic was observed to be predominant in high-temperature range as obtained from the G*/Sin delta value. The aging resistivity of asphalt mastic increased with the inclusion of HL, indicating a better rutting performance of asphalt mastic. The intermediate-temperature performance of asphalt mastic with HL was found to be higher compared to neat asphalt mastic from Critical Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) results, implying better resistance to fracture. The addition of HL increased the low-temperature performance of asphalt mastic obtained from S(t) and m(t) values with S(t) and E(t) master curve, indicating enhanced resistance to thermal cracking. The combined effect of B and HL filler on the G*/Sin delta, CTOD, S(t), m(t) and E(t) parameters are presented in this study. In addition, ranking of asphalt mastics based on various parameters (i.e. CTOD and m(t)) is discussed in this paper. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Resume L’email dentaire est un materiau modele pour appliquer une approche physicochimique. Des pathologies ou l’environnement peuvent induire une destruction, une degradation ou des malformations amelaires. Contrairement a la plupart des autres tissus biologiques mineralises, l’email est incapable de se regenerer naturellement. Comprendre les mecanismes de degradation de l'email presente un interet scientifique et economique. Cette revue se propose de donner un apercu bibliographique des travaux des dix dernieres annees. Les etudes de l'email par des techniques physiques ou chimiques classiques et disponibles ont ete presentees et commentees a la lumiere d'exemples recents. L'interface entre la physique, la chimie et la science orale est tres active depuis plusieurs decennies, avec un important regain au cours de ces dernieres annees en raison de l'acces a des techniques tres sensibles de la science des materiaux.

Mechanical damage is recognized as a problem that reduces the performance of oil and gas pipelines and has been the subject of continuous research. The artificial neural network in the spotlight recently is expected to be another solution to solve the problems relating to the pipelines. The deep neural network, which is on the basis of artificial neural network algorithm and is a method amongst various machine learning methods, is applied in this study. The applicability of machine learning techniques such as deep neural network for the prediction of burst pressure has been investigated for dented API 5L X-grade pipelines. To this end, supervised learning is employed, and the deep neural network model has four layers with three hidden layers, and the neural network uses the fully connected layer. The burst pressure computed by deep neural network model has been compared with the results of finite element analysis based parametric study, and the burst pressure calculated by the experimental results. According to the comparison results, it showed good agreement. Therefore, it is concluded that deep neural networks can be another solution for predicting the burst pressure of API 5L X-grade dented pipelines.

This thesis deals with the structural damage and its corresponding effect on the residual ultimate strength of seamless metallic pipes. The structural damage is here characterized as the type of damage produced by external mechanical interference, considerably undermining the strength and/or stability of the pipes. Not only the aesthetic appearances of the pipes are affected by the occurrence of damage, but most importantly the pipes’ functional demands are jeopardized. This research project aims to develop an effective prediction model to predict the residual ultimate strength of damaged metallic pipes subjected to a bending moment. To be able to effectively predict the residual strength, the types of structural damage need to be first categorized and simplified. Three typical types of damage are deployed for the further quantification of the effects, including a dent, metal loss in terms of a notch, and a combined dent and notch on the compression side of pipes. Meanwhile, the damage in terms of a crack, a notch and the combined notch and crack on the tensile side of pipes is qualitatively investigated. Once it occurs, the fracture failure of pipes is likely to happen, which may introduce a detrimental consequence.

Os et dents présents dans les sites archéologiques fournissent des informations sur la biodiversité, l’âge du site, le paléoenvironnement. Toutefois, les processus intervenant dès la mort de l’animal (prédation) jusqu’à sa récolte modifient de façon très variable la structure de ces tissus, et leur composition. Ces altérations, ou diagenèse, entrainent des biais dans l’interprétation des signaux biogéochimiques, ou dans les méthodes utilisant les abondances relatives de taxons, qui servent de base aux reconstitutions des environnements anciens ou à la datation. Un contrôle de la structure des tissus (micro- et nanostructure), ainsi que l’utilisation de techniques permettant de connaitre avec précision la localisation des analyses chimiques dans le fossile permettent d’évaluer l’intensité de la diagenèse et de réduire les biais dans les interprétations. Bones and teeth in archaeological sites provide data on the past biodiversity, the age of the site and palaeoenvironment. Nevertheless, these remains are not intact. Predation produces damages, and these modifications preclude the mechanical and climatic alterations. Finally, buried samples are modified depending on the geological environment. Thus, both structure and composition of bones and teeth are modified, so that the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions or datation are biased. Quantitative methods using ratios of bones, or ratios of species, are also affected. A detailed study of the structure (micro- to nanostructure) of the tissues, and localized chemical analyses allowing to correlate structure and composition must be favored to minimize biased interpretations.

Background Dent and Flint represent two major germplasm pools exploited in maize breeding. Several traits differentiate the two pools, like cold tolerance, early vigor, and flowering time. A comparative investigation of their genomic architecture relevant for quantitative trait expression has not been reported so far. Understanding the genomic differences between germplasm pools may contribute to a better understanding of the complementarity in heterotic patterns exploited in hybrid breeding and of mechanisms involved in adaptation to different environments. Results We perform whole-genome screens for signatures of selection specific to temperate Dent and Flint maize by comparing high-density genotyping data of 70 American and European Dent and 66 European Flint inbred lines. We find 2.2 % and 1.4 % of the genes are under selective pressure, respectively, and identify candidate genes associated with agronomic traits known to differ between the two pools. Taking flowering time as an example for the differentiation between Dent and Flint, we investigate candidate genes involved in the flowering network by phenotypic analyses in a Dent–Flint introgression library and find that the Flint haplotypes of the candidates promote earlier flowering. Within the flowering network, the majority of Flint candidates are associated with endogenous pathways in contrast to Dent candidate genes, which are mainly involved in response to environmental factors like light and photoperiod. The diversity patterns of the candidates in a unique panel of more than 900 individuals from 38 European landraces indicate a major contribution of landraces from France, Germany, and Spain to the candidate gene diversity of the Flint elite lines. Conclusions In this study, we report the investigation of pool-specific differences between temperate Dent and Flint on a genome-wide scale. The identified candidate genes represent a promising source for the functional investigation of pool-specific haplotypes in different genetic backgrounds and for the evaluation of their potential for future crop improvement like the adaptation to specific environments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1009-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

(2009). Presence of the extinct lizard Paradracaena (Teiidae) in the middle Miocene of the Peruvian Amazon. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 594-598.

En 1985, un germe isolé d’une molaire inférieure était mis au jour par Y. Pautrat dans le site de Genay en Côte-d’Or (France) durant des fouilles de sauvetage. Ce germe a été trouvé avec du matériel lithique attribué au Moustérien et des vestiges fauniques qui pourraient être rapportés au stade isotopique 4. Toutefois, il n’est pas possible d’établir précisément la position spatiale de ce nouveau vestige, numéroté Genay 3, avec le crâne fragmentaire de Genay 1 (et la dent isolée de Genay 2) mis au jour lors des fouilles de J. Joly et J.-J. Puisségur en 1955 (Joly 1955).Le fossile Genay 3 est identifié comme un germe de première molaire permanente droite ayant appartenu à un enfant de 2/3 ans étant donné la calcification de la couronne dentaire. Les diamètres mésio-distal et vestibulo-lingual sont importants avec des valeurs voisines de celles de la série de Krapina ou d’autres Néandertaliens. Cette pièce se caractérise par ses dimensions et une morphologie assez tourmentée de sa face occlusale avec sept cuspides, une fossette mésiale profonde et bien individualisée, comme cela est documenté chez d’autres Néandertaliens immatures. L’étude de ce germe permet de mieux connaître la variabilité des populations qui peuplaient la Bourgogne au Moustérien. Cela nous conduit aussi à présenter des réflexions préliminaires quant à celle de certains traits morphologiques (la mid trigonid crest) et métriques des membres de la lignée néandertalienne.

A blind comparative study of chemical and/or mechanical treatments of the smear layer, according to scanning electron microscopy images, was carried out. The effect of the treatments was analyzed on the smear layer of mesio-occlusodistal cavity walls prepared in vitro in human third molars. The agents used were air/water spray, 37% phosphoric acid, 5% tannic acid, biologic detergent, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, and enamel hatchet alone or in association with the previous agents. Electron micrographs were evaluated by three professionals according to the degree of visualization of underlying dentin or enamel. Phosphoric acid received the highest scores due to the complete removal of the smear layer. However, statistical analyses revealed diverse performances of non or slightly demineralizing agents, according to the cavity walls in dentin, while there was equivalent effect on the enamel of gingival walls. Um estudo comparativo cego de tratamentos químicos e/ou mecânicos da camada de esfregaço, de acordo com imagens da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, foi realizado. Analisou-se o efeito dos tratamentos sobre a camada de esfregaço de paredes de cavidades mésio-ocluso-distais, preparadas in vitro, em terceiros molares humanos. Os agentes empregados foram spray ar/água, ácido fosfórico a 37%, ácido tânico a 5%, detergente biológico, hipoclorito de sódio a 0,5% e machado para esmalte isoladamente ou associado a estas substâncias. Eletromicrografias foram avaliadas por três profissionais de acordo com o grau de visualização da dentina ou esmalte subjacentes. O ácido fosfórico recebeu as maiores graduações devido à remoção completa da camada de esfregaço. Análises estatísticas revelaram performances diversas entre tratamentos não/ou levemente desmineralizantes de acordo com as paredes cavitárias, em dentina e efeitos equivalentes entre si, em paredes de esmalte.

The eruption of the permanent incisor teeth of 14 farmed Javan rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) of known birth date and their live weights were observed about every 2 weeks from 12 to 30 months of age. The permanent incisor pattern was 11, 14–17 months; 12, 18–23 months; 13, 20–26 months; and 14, 22–27 months. There was no significant relationship between body weight and timing of permanent incisor eruption.

A partir de 852 observations faites sur des moutons Djallonké entretenus en élevage semi-intensif, dont l'âge était connu avec précision, les auteurs ont étudié la dynamique du remplacement des incisives de lait dans le but d'établir des normes d'âge en fonction de l'état de la table dentaire. Les âges moyens à l'éruption des incisives définitives ainsi que la durée de chaque stade dentaire ont été estimés. Les normes suivantes ont été tirées de ces observations. Elles montrent que les Djallonké sont plus précoces que les races européennes. Cette table doit être utilisée avec précaution pour les Djallonké en élevage villageois traditionnel qui paraissent être moins précoces que ceux entretenus en élevage intensif ou semi-intensif

This work presents the first detailed morphological and metrical study of the human fossil Biache-Saint-Vaast 1. This individual of post puberty age is represented by an incomplete rear skull, fragments of the maxillae, eleven upper teeth and two ear bones. It is an important specimen for understanding the emergence of Neandertal characteristics since it provides new data on the morphometrics of the individuals inhabiting north-western Europe during isotope stage 7. A comparative study of the features described on Biache 1 has also been completed. It is based on various samples and the author's observation of a large number of original fossils. When comparing the rear skull and teeth, results show that this Preneandertal had already acquired the traits that characterize the Wurmian specimens. Biache 1 takes part to a complex accretion scheme of the Neandertal characteristics throughout time and sheds light on its variability. However, our perception of the precise modalities of this evolution that took place in Europe still needs to be refined., Ce travail propose la première étude morphologique et métrique détaillée du fossile humain Biache-Saint-Vaast 1. Cet individu (un sujet post pubertaire) est représenté par un arrièrecrâne incomplet, des fragments des maxillaires, onze dents supérieures et deux osselets de l'ouïe. Il s'agit d'un spécimen important dans la compréhension de la mise en place des caractéristiques néandertaliennes, puisqu'il apporte des données nouvelles sur la morphométrie des individus peuplant l'Europe du nord-ouest au cours du stade isotopique 7. Une étude comparative des caractères décrits sur Biache 1 a aussi été menée. Elle est basée sur des échantillons variés et sur l'observation, par l'auteur, d'un grand nombre de fossiles originaux. Nos résultats montrent que ce Prénéandertalien a déjà acquis les traits qui caractérisent les spécimens würmiens, au moins en ce qui concerne l'arrière-crâne et les dents. Biache 1 s'inscrit dans un schéma complexe d'accrétion des caractéristiques néandertaliennes au cours du temps et met en évidence sa variabilité. Notre perception des modalités précises de cette évolution, dont l'Europe a été le siège, reste cependant à affiner.

Utilisant la méthodologie mise au point par Brazal Garcia, Roy, Dumont, sur des Taurins, l'auteur a observé la dentition de 708 zébus provenant de l'élevage extensif. 28 stades différents d'évolution individuelle d'une dent incisive et 35 degrés d'évolution de la mâchoire ont été distingués. La comparaison avec des Taurins laitiers élevés en intensif en climat tempéré appelle les observations suivantes: si le remplacement des dents de lait par les dents d'adultes est à peu près synchrone, la sortie des dents est plus rapide chez le Zébu (pour les deux dentitions) et l'usure est plus lente (pour les deux dentitions), indiquant une plus grande dureté des dents. Si l'on sait par ailleurs que, d'une part, les vaches Zébu sont mauvaises laitières et que, d'autre part, la quantité de veaux produite est faible, on constate que la sortie rapide des dents et leur usure relativement lente sont une bonne adaptation aux conditions de milieu. Elles permettent une alimentation solide plus précoce des jeunes et la compensation d'une faible fécondité par une plus grande longévité des femelles reproductrices