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As an important organ that coordinates the neuroendocrine system, the hypothalamus synthesizes and secretes reproductive hormones that act on the goat organism, thereby precisely regulating follicular development and reproductive processes in goats. However, it is still elusive to explore the mechanism of hypothalamic effects on goat fertility alone. Therefore, RNA-seq was used to analyze the gene expression in hypothalamic tissues of goats in high fertility group (HFG: litter size per litter ≥2) and low fertility group (LFG: litter size per litter = 1), and identified the differential lncRNAs and mRNAs and their associated pathways related to their fertility. The results showed that a total of 23 lncRNAs and 57 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the hypothalamic tissue of high and low fertility goats. GO terms and KEGG functional annotation suggest that DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were significantly enriched in hormone-related pathways regulating ovarian development, hormone synthesis and secretion, regulation of reproductive processes, Estrogen signaling pathway, Oxytocin signaling pathway and GnRH signaling pathway. And we constructed a co-expression network of lncRNAs and target genes, and identified reproduction-related genes such as NMUR2, FEZF1, and WT1. The sequencing results of the hypothalamic transcriptome have broadened our understanding of lncRNA and mRNA in goat hypothalamic tissue and provided some new insights into the molecular mechanisms of follicle development and regulation of its fertility in goats.

Pseudopoda hongqi sp. n. Figures 1, 5–10 Type material. Holotype male (SWUC-T-SP-01-01), China, Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, Shuangyang Township, YNR, Hongqi Administrative Station, 31°30′32″N, 109°49′13″E, elev. 1186m, 21 June 2022, B. Luo and T. Y. Ren leg. Paratype: 1 male, with same data as for holotype (SWUC-T-SP-01-02). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Male of Pseudopoda hongqi sp. n. resembles P. alta Jäger, 2001 and P. digitata Jäger & Vedel, 2007 (Figs 5, 6, 8, 9; Jäger, 2001, figs 43i–l; Jäger & Vedel, 2007, figs 105–107), but can be distinguished by the combination of following characters: 1) Embolic projection thumb-shaped, its apical tip extending apically beyond embolus tip and reaching distinctly beyond alveolus into cymbial tip in ventral view in P. hongqi sp. n. (Figs 5, 6, 8, 9; embolic projection like a small outgrowth in P. alta; somewhat triangular, pointing towards the prolateral margin of cymbium in P. digitata); 2) RTA longer than wide, gradually narrowing towards the tip in P. hongqi sp. n. (Figs 6, 10; spine-like in P. alta; finger-like in P. digitata); vRTA absent in P. hongqi sp. n. (Figs 6, 10; wider than long in P. alta; like a small hump in P. digitata); Conductor spine-like in prolateral view (Figs 5, 6, 8, 9; sheet like both in P. alta and P. digitata). Description. Male holotype (Figs 1, 7) total length 10.15. Prosoma 4.78 long, 4.39 wide; Opisthosoma 5.09 long, 3.15 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.22, ALE 0.34, PME 0.28, PLE 0.30; AME–AME 0.19, AME– ALE 0.12, PME–PME 0.28, PME–PLE 0.44, ALE–PLE 0.40. MOA 0.84 long, anterior width 0.57, posterior width 0.83. Clypeus height 0.43. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 24.04 (6.31, 9.59, 5.85, 2.29); II 25.23 (6.93, 9.89, 6.09, 2.32); III 19.32 (5.65, 7.05, 4.86, 1.76); IV 22.48 (6.51, 7.74, 6.01, 2.22). Leg formula: 2143. Palp (Figs 5, 6, 8–10): RTA longer than wide, slightly curved, gradually narrowing towards the tip, distal half strongly overlapping the cymbium in retrolateral view; tegulum retrolatero-proximally with strong bulge; spermophor running marginally along retrolateral margin of tegulum in ventral view. Embolus arising from 10 to 10.30- o’clock-position on tegulum, strongly curved with thumb-shaped embolic projection; distal end of embolus ventrally grooved, with broad tip; conductor membranous, spine-like. Coloration (Figs 1A, 3A): Carapace yellowish, with many dark dots and linear trident pattern. Chelicerae, labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish. Legs yellowish, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches. Dorsal opisthosoma yellowish, with distinct pattern and two pairs of sigilla, dark pattern partly fused in posterior half; venter yellowish, with black patches. Female: Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Yintiaoling Natural Reserve, Chongqing, China.

Pseudopoda yintiaoling sp. n. Figure 3, 4, 33–43 Type material. Holotype male (SWUC-T-SP-04-01), China, Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, YNR, Hongqi Administrative Station, Shuangtong Reservoir, 31°31′25″N, 109°49′32″E, elev. 1258 m, 23 September 2022, L.Y. Wang, F. Lu, B.J. Wang, H.Y. Chen and X.L. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-04-02~03), YNR, Hongqi Administrative Station, Shuangtong Reservoir, 10 April 2022, L.Y. Wang, Z.S. Zhang, B. Luo and B. Tan leg.; 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-04-04), YNR, Hongqi Administrative Station, 31°31′22.19″N, 109°49′36.80″E, elev. 1194 m, 10 April 2022, L.Y. Wang, Z.S. Zhang, B. Luo and B. Tan leg.; 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-04-05), YNR, Linkouzi, Fenshuihe, 31°29′16.32″N, 109°54′49.70″E, elev. 1672 m, 13 April 2022, L.Y. Wang, Z.S. Zhang, B. Luo and B. Tan leg.; 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-04-06), Shuangyang Township, YNR, Shuangyang Village, Miaogou, 13 August 2022, T. Y. Ren leg.; 2 males, 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-04-07~09), YNR, Zhuanping Administrative Station, 31°29′53′′N, 109°57′18′′E, elev. 2178 m, 18 August 2022, L.Y. Wang and T. Y. Ren leg. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Male of Pseudopoda yintiaoling sp. n. resembles P. daliensis Jäger & Vedel, 2007 in having a similar disc-shaped embolus and by the presence of an embolic projection (Figs 33–34, 38–40; Jäger & Vedel, 2007, figs 79–90), but can be distinguished by: 1) embolic projection large, hook-shaped in prolateral view in P. yintiaoling sp. n. (Figs 33, 38; small, triangular in P. daliensis); 2) distal end of embolus broad with round tip in ventral view in P. yintiaoling sp. n. (Figs 33, 38; narrow with pointed tip in P. daliensis); 3) RTA apical margin with a small tooth in between the vRTA and dRTA in P. yintiaoling sp. n. (Figs 34, 40; tooth absent in P. daliensis); 4) vRTA longer than wide in P. yintiaoling sp. n. (Figs 39, 40; wider than long in P. daliensis). Epigyne resembles P. wuxi sp. n. in having the similar outline of epigynal field (Figs 35, 36, 42, 43; Figs 24, 25, 31, 32) but can be distinguished by the posterior bulges of lateral lobes like small hump in P. yintiaoling sp. n. (Figs 35, 42; somewhat round in P. wuxi sp. n.). Description. Male holotype (Figs 3, 37) total length 7.54. Prosoma 3.69 long, 3.29 wide; Opisthosoma 3.61 long, 2.39 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.28, PME 0.24, PLE 0.27; AME–AME 0.15, AME– ALE 0.10, PME–PME 0.29, PME–PLE 0.34, ALE–PLE 0.34. MOA 0.72 long, anterior width 0.47, posterior width 0.71. Clypeus height 0.27. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 15.46 (4.36, 5.88, 3.67, 1.55); II 15.95 (4.39, 6.22, 3.85, 1.49); III 12.29 (3.72, 4.19, 3.15, 1.23); IV 14.36 (4.31, 4.83, 3.84, 1.38). Leg formula: 2143. Palp (Figs 33, 34, 38–40): RTA arising basally from tibia, with two branches, with a small tooth in between vRTA and dRTA; vRTA broad in retrolateral view, longer than wide, with round apical end in ventral view; dRTA horn-shaped with blunt end; tegulum ventrally in proximal half strongly bulged, spermophor running submarginally along retrolateral tegular margin. Embolus arising from 9-o’clock-position on tegulum; conductor membranous, sheet-like. Coloration (Figs 3, 37): Carapace yellowish, with many dark spots and linear trident pattern. Chelicerae yellowish, with brown spots; labium, gnathocoxae, coxae and sternum yellowish. Legs yellowish, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches. Dorsal opisthosoma yellowish, with dark patch above heart and two lateral dark bands, the latter posteriorly fused to transversal line, behind that a light transversal line and a dark posterior part, two pairs of sigilla; venter yellowish, with black patches. Female (SWUC-T-SP-04-03 Figs 4, 41) total length 7.94. Prosoma 3.33 long, 3.13 wide; opisthosoma 4.42 long, 3.06 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.26, PME 0.22, PLE, 0.27; AME–AME 0.16, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PME 0.28, PME–PLE 0.33, ALE–PLE 0.33. MOA 0.67 long, anterior width 0.45, posterior width 0.69. Clypeus height 0.25. Leg measurements: I 11.75 (3.33, 4.40, 2.76, 1.26); II 12.21 (3.70, 4.43, 2.86, 1.22); III 9.74 (3.09, 3.40, 2.20, 1.05); IV 11.34 (3.58, 3.57, 2.97, 1.22). Leg formula: 2143. Female color and pattern same as in male, except lighter in color. Epigyne (Figs 35, 36, 42, 43): Epigynal field wider than long, anterior margin outline W-shaped; lateral lobes longer than wide, medially touching each other, posterior margins wrinkled; first windings visible in dorsal view, internal duct system covered by the lateral lobes; fertilization ducts laterad in dorsal view. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Yintiaoling Natural Reserve, Chongqing, China., Published as part of Deng, Ming-Qin, Zhong, Yang, Irfan, Muhammad & Wang, Lu-Yu, 2023, Four new species of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Sparassidae) from Yintiaoling Natural Reserve of Chongqing, China, pp. 5-16 in Zootaxa 5257 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7765780, {"references":["Jager, P. & Vedel, V. (2007) Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province. Zootaxa, 1623, 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1623.1.1"]}

Pseudopoda wuxi sp. n. Figure 22 –32 Type material. Holotype male (SWUC-T-SP-03-01), China, Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, YNR, Zhuanping Administrative Station, 31°29′53′′N, 109°57′18′′E, elev. 2178 m, 18 August 2022, L.Y. Wang and T. Y. Ren leg. Paratypes: 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-03-02), with same data as for holotype; 2 males (SWUC-T-SP-03-03~04), Wuxi County, YNR, Lanying Village, 31°24′23′′N, 109°53′1′′E, elev. 1760 m, B. Tan leg. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Male of Pseudopoda wuxi sp. n. resemble those of P. martensi Jäger, 2001 in having a similar embolic projection and dRTA (Figs 22–23, 27–29; Jäger, 2001, figs 39a–b, d) but can be distinguished by: 1) Retrolateral margin of embolus straight in ventral view in P. wuxi sp. n. (Figs 22, 28; round in P. martensi); 2) vRTA with large triangular projection in P. wuxi sp. n. (Figs 22, 29; with no such projection in P. martensi). Epigyne: See diagnosis of P. shuyue sp. n. Description. Male holotype (Fig. 26) total length 9.06. Prosoma 4.19 long, 3.49 wide; Opisthosoma 4.45 long, 2.62 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.31, PME 0.28, PLE 0.35; AME–AME 0.17, AME–ALE 0.10, PME–PME 0.26, PME–PLE 0.32, ALE–PLE 0.28. MOA 0.76 long, anterior width 0.53, posterior width 0.78. Clypeus height 0.46. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 17.49 (5.05, 6.82, 3.97, 1.65); II 18.61 (5.43, 7.19, 4.33, 1.66); III 15.23 (4.63, 5.79, 3.39, 1.42); IV 16.98 (5.14, 5.83, 4.31, 1.70). Leg formula: 2143. Palp (Figs 22, 23, 27–29): RTA with two branches, vRTA triangular with blunt end, dRTA longer than wide, horn-shaped, gradually narrowing towards the tip; tegulum ventrally grooved, retrolaterally strongly bulged, spermophor running submarginally along retrolateral margin of tegulum. Embolus flat, tip notched, apical end of embolus dorsally grooved, arising from 9-o’clock-position on tegulum, strongly curved with quadrangle embolic projection in ventral view; conductor membranous, sheet-like. Coloration (Fig. 26): Carapace yellowish, with many dots and linear trident pattern, lateral margins with inconspicuous grey bands. Chelicerae, labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish. Legs yellowish, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches. Dorsal opisthosoma yellowish, with distinct brown pattern, two pairs of sigilla; venter yellowish, with black patches. Female (SWUC-T-SP-03-02, Fig. 30) total length 9.11. Prosoma 4.27 long, 3.70 wide; opisthosoma 4.63 long, 3.31 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.31, PME 0.24, PLE, 0.31; AME–AME 0.20, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.25, PME–PLE 0.35, ALE–PLE 0.31. MOA 0.73 long, anterior width 0.52, posterior width 0.75. Clypeus height 0.32. Leg measurements: I 14.09 (4.02, 5.30, 3.39, 1.38); II 14.89 (4.46, 5.46, 3.58, 1.39); III 11.99 (3.85, 4.22, 2.43, 1.49); IV 14.12 (4.43, 4.57, 3.68, 1.44). Leg formula: 2143. Female opisthosoma color and pattern same as in male, except lighter in color. Epigyne (Figs 24, 25, 31, 32): Epigynal field wider than long, median field extending posteriorly almost completely covering the copulatory openings; lateral lobes as wide as long, posteriorly narrowing, touching each other medially, posterior margins of lateral lobes inverted V-shaped; first windings distinct, somewhat wing-shaped, internal duct system sinuous, covered by the lateral lobes; fertilization ducts laterad in dorsal view. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Yintiaoling Natural Reserve, Chongqing, China., Published as part of Deng, Ming-Qin, Zhong, Yang, Irfan, Muhammad & Wang, Lu-Yu, 2023, Four new species of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Sparassidae) from Yintiaoling Natural Reserve of Chongqing, China, pp. 5-16 in Zootaxa 5257 (1) on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7765780, {"references":["Jager, P. (2001) Diversitat der Riesenkrabbenspinnen im Himalaya -- die Radiation zweier Gattungen in den Schneetropen (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 232, 1 - 136."]}

Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Zhang, Jia-Yong, Deng, Ming-Qin, Zhong, Yang, Irfan, Muhammad, Wang, Lu-Yu (2023): Diversity of Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 3-4, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.2

Pseudopoda wuxi sp. n. Figure 22 –32 Type material. Holotype male (SWUC-T-SP-03-01), China, Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, YNR, Zhuanping Administrative Station, 31°29′53′′N, 109°57′18′′E, elev. 2178 m, 18 August 2022, L.Y. Wang and T. Y. Ren leg. Paratypes: 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-03-02), with same data as for holotype; 2 males (SWUC-T-SP-03-03~04), Wuxi County, YNR, Lanying Village, 31°24′23′′N, 109°53′1′′E, elev. 1760 m, B. Tan leg. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Male of Pseudopoda wuxi sp. n. resemble those of P. martensi Jäger, 2001 in having a similar embolic projection and dRTA (Figs 22–23, 27–29; Jäger, 2001, figs 39a–b, d) but can be distinguished by: 1) Retrolateral margin of embolus straight in ventral view in P. wuxi sp. n. (Figs 22, 28; round in P. martensi); 2) vRTA with large triangular projection in P. wuxi sp. n. (Figs 22, 29; with no such projection in P. martensi). Epigyne: See diagnosis of P. shuyue sp. n. Description. Male holotype (Fig. 26) total length 9.06. Prosoma 4.19 long, 3.49 wide; Opisthosoma 4.45 long, 2.62 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.31, PME 0.28, PLE 0.35; AME–AME 0.17, AME–ALE 0.10, PME–PME 0.26, PME–PLE 0.32, ALE–PLE 0.28. MOA 0.76 long, anterior width 0.53, posterior width 0.78. Clypeus height 0.46. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 17.49 (5.05, 6.82, 3.97, 1.65); II 18.61 (5.43, 7.19, 4.33, 1.66); III 15.23 (4.63, 5.79, 3.39, 1.42); IV 16.98 (5.14, 5.83, 4.31, 1.70). Leg formula: 2143. Palp (Figs 22, 23, 27–29): RTA with two branches, vRTA triangular with blunt end, dRTA longer than wide, horn-shaped, gradually narrowing towards the tip; tegulum ventrally grooved, retrolaterally strongly bulged, spermophor running submarginally along retrolateral margin of tegulum. Embolus flat, tip notched, apical end of embolus dorsally grooved, arising from 9-o’clock-position on tegulum, strongly curved with quadrangle embolic projection in ventral view; conductor membranous, sheet-like. Coloration (Fig. 26): Carapace yellowish, with many dots and linear trident pattern, lateral margins with inconspicuous grey bands. Chelicerae, labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish. Legs yellowish, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches. Dorsal opisthosoma yellowish, with distinct brown pattern, two pairs of sigilla; venter yellowish, with black patches. Female (SWUC-T-SP-03-02, Fig. 30) total length 9.11. Prosoma 4.27 long, 3.70 wide; opisthosoma 4.63 long, 3.31 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.31, PME 0.24, PLE, 0.31; AME–AME 0.20, AME–ALE 0.08, PME–PME 0.25, PME–PLE 0.35, ALE–PLE 0.31. MOA 0.73 long, anterior width 0.52, posterior width 0.75. Clypeus height 0.32. Leg measurements: I 14.09 (4.02, 5.30, 3.39, 1.38); II 14.89 (4.46, 5.46, 3.58, 1.39); III 11.99 (3.85, 4.22, 2.43, 1.49); IV 14.12 (4.43, 4.57, 3.68, 1.44). Leg formula: 2143. Female opisthosoma color and pattern same as in male, except lighter in color. Epigyne (Figs 24, 25, 31, 32): Epigynal field wider than long, median field extending posteriorly almost completely covering the copulatory openings; lateral lobes as wide as long, posteriorly narrowing, touching each other medially, posterior margins of lateral lobes inverted V-shaped; first windings distinct, somewhat wing-shaped, internal duct system sinuous, covered by the lateral lobes; fertilization ducts laterad in dorsal view. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Yintiaoling Natural Reserve, Chongqing, China.

Pseudopoda hongqi sp. n. Figures 1, 5–10 Type material. Holotype male (SWUC-T-SP-01-01), China, Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, Shuangyang Township, YNR, Hongqi Administrative Station, 31°30′32″N, 109°49′13″E, elev. 1186m, 21 June 2022, B. Luo and T. Y. Ren leg. Paratype: 1 male, with same data as for holotype (SWUC-T-SP-01-02). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Male of Pseudopoda hongqi sp. n. resembles P. alta Jäger, 2001 and P. digitata Jäger & Vedel, 2007 (Figs 5, 6, 8, 9; Jäger, 2001, figs 43i–l; Jäger & Vedel, 2007, figs 105–107), but can be distinguished by the combination of following characters: 1) Embolic projection thumb-shaped, its apical tip extending apically beyond embolus tip and reaching distinctly beyond alveolus into cymbial tip in ventral view in P. hongqi sp. n. (Figs 5, 6, 8, 9; embolic projection like a small outgrowth in P. alta; somewhat triangular, pointing towards the prolateral margin of cymbium in P. digitata); 2) RTA longer than wide, gradually narrowing towards the tip in P. hongqi sp. n. (Figs 6, 10; spine-like in P. alta; finger-like in P. digitata); vRTA absent in P. hongqi sp. n. (Figs 6, 10; wider than long in P. alta; like a small hump in P. digitata); Conductor spine-like in prolateral view (Figs 5, 6, 8, 9; sheet like both in P. alta and P. digitata). Description. Male holotype (Figs 1, 7) total length 10.15. Prosoma 4.78 long, 4.39 wide; Opisthosoma 5.09 long, 3.15 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.22, ALE 0.34, PME 0.28, PLE 0.30; AME–AME 0.19, AME– ALE 0.12, PME–PME 0.28, PME–PLE 0.44, ALE–PLE 0.40. MOA 0.84 long, anterior width 0.57, posterior width 0.83. Clypeus height 0.43. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 24.04 (6.31, 9.59, 5.85, 2.29); II 25.23 (6.93, 9.89, 6.09, 2.32); III 19.32 (5.65, 7.05, 4.86, 1.76); IV 22.48 (6.51, 7.74, 6.01, 2.22). Leg formula: 2143. Palp (Figs 5, 6, 8–10): RTA longer than wide, slightly curved, gradually narrowing towards the tip, distal half strongly overlapping the cymbium in retrolateral view; tegulum retrolatero-proximally with strong bulge; spermophor running marginally along retrolateral margin of tegulum in ventral view. Embolus arising from 10 to 10.30- o’clock-position on tegulum, strongly curved with thumb-shaped embolic projection; distal end of embolus ventrally grooved, with broad tip; conductor membranous, spine-like. Coloration (Figs 1A, 3A): Carapace yellowish, with many dark dots and linear trident pattern. Chelicerae, labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish. Legs yellowish, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches. Dorsal opisthosoma yellowish, with distinct pattern and two pairs of sigilla, dark pattern partly fused in posterior half; venter yellowish, with black patches. Female: Unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Yintiaoling Natural Reserve, Chongqing, China., Published as part of Deng, Ming-Qin, Zhong, Yang, Irfan, Muhammad & Wang, Lu-Yu, 2023, Four new species of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Sparassidae) from Yintiaoling Natural Reserve of Chongqing, China, pp. 5-16 in Zootaxa 5257 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7765780, {"references":["Jager, P. (2001) Diversitat der Riesenkrabbenspinnen im Himalaya -- die Radiation zweier Gattungen in den Schneetropen (Araneae, Sparassidae, Heteropodinae). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 232, 1 - 136.","Jager, P. & Vedel, V. (2007) Sparassidae of China 4. The genus Pseudopoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) in Yunnan Province. Zootaxa, 1623, 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1623.1.1"]}

Pseudopoda shuyue sp. n. Figures 2, 11–21 Type material. Holotype male (SWUC-T-SP-02-01), China, Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, YNR, Linkouzi Administrative Station, Fenshuihe, 31°29′47″N, 109°55′33″E, elev. 1796 m, 13 April 2022, L.Y. Wang, Z.S. Zhang, F. Lu, B. Luo and B. Tan leg. Paratype: 1 female, (SWUC-T-SP-02-02), with same data as for holotype. Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from the name of Ms. Shuyue Wang, the newborn of Luyu Wang; noun (name) in apposition. Diagnosis. Male of Pseudopoda shuyue sp. n. can be distinguished from all other congeners by: vRTA somewhat crown-shaped in retrolateral view (Figs 11, 12, 17, 18). Epigyne of P. shuyue sp. n. resembles that of P. wuxi sp. n. in having a similar morphology of epigynal field (Figs 13C, 20; Figs 24, 31) but can be distinguished by the anterior part of epigynal field with two distinct grooves separated by median septum in P. shuyue sp. n. (Figs 13, 20; grooves and medium septum absent, median field of epigyne sheet like, covering the copulatory opening in P. wuxi sp. n.). Description. Male holotype (Figs 2, 15) total length 9.11. Prosoma 4.63 long, 4.17 wide; Opisthosoma 4.96 long, 3.31 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.35, PME 0.24, PLE 0.29; AME–AME 0.20, AME– ALE 0.07, PME–PME 0.32, PME–PLE 0.42, ALE–PLE 0.39. MOA 0.85 long, anterior width 0.59, posterior width 0.83. Clypeus height 0.36. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 19.46 (5.40, 7.54, 4.73, 1.79); II 20.33 (5.88, 7.69, 5.05, 1.71); III 17.14 (5.12, 6.37, 4.05, 1.60); IV 18.12 (5.47, 6.07, 4.74, 1.84). Leg formula: 2143. Palp (Figs 11, 12, 16–18): RTA with two branches; vRTA as wide as long with wave-like distal margin; dRTA longer than wide, gradually narrowing towards the tip; tegulum ventrally grooved, retrolaterally proximal half strongly bulged; spermophor running along retrolateral margin of tegulum. Embolus arising from 8-o’clock-position on tegulum, moderately curved with horn-shaped embolic projection; apical end of embolus dorsally grooved in retrolateral view, with pointed tip in prolateral view; conductor membranous, sheet-like. Coloration (Figs 2, 15): Carapace yellowish, with many dots and linear trident pattern. Fovea brown. Chelicerae, labium, gnathocoxae and sternum yellowish. Legs yellowish, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches. Dorsal opisthosoma yellowish, with distinct brown pattern, posterior half with the narrow transversal light chevron line, two pairs of sigilla, venter yellowish, with black patches. Female (SWUC-T-SP-02-02, Fig. 19) total length 10.05. Prosoma 4.64 long, 4.20 wide; opisthosoma 5.40 long, 3.80 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.30, PME 0.22, PLE, 0.31; AME–AME 0.22, AME–ALE 0.12, PME–PME 0.31, PME–PLE 0.37, ALE–PLE 0.33. MOA 0.77 long, anterior width 0.57, posterior width 0.81. Clypeus height 0.36. Leg measurements: I 14.73 (4.23, 5.57, 4.43, 1.50); II 16.57 (4.95, 6.20, 3.94, 1.48); III 13.55 (4.20, 4.72, 3.27, 1.36); IV 14.74 (4.42, 4.95, 3.96, 1.41). Leg formula: 2143. Female opisthosoma pattern same as in male, except darker in color. Epigyne (Figs 13, 14, 20, 21): Epigynal field wider than long, anterior margin with a pair of distinct grooves; lateral lobes as wide as long, posteriorly narrowing, touching each other medially, posterior margins of lateral lobes somewhat inverted V-shaped; first windings of internal duct system quite visible in dorsal view, posterior half covered by lateral lobes; internal duct system sinuous, covered by the lateral lobes in dorsal view; fertilization ducts laterad in dorsal view. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Yintiaoling Natural Reserve, Chongqing, China.

Pseudopoda yintiaoling sp. n. Figure 3, 4, 33–43 Type material. Holotype male (SWUC-T-SP-04-01), China, Chongqing Municipality, Wuxi County, YNR, Hongqi Administrative Station, Shuangtong Reservoir, 31°31′25″N, 109°49′32″E, elev. 1258 m, 23 September 2022, L.Y. Wang, F. Lu, B.J. Wang, H.Y. Chen and X.L. Chen leg. Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-04-02~03), YNR, Hongqi Administrative Station, Shuangtong Reservoir, 10 April 2022, L.Y. Wang, Z.S. Zhang, B. Luo and B. Tan leg.; 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-04-04), YNR, Hongqi Administrative Station, 31°31′22.19″N, 109°49′36.80″E, elev. 1194 m, 10 April 2022, L.Y. Wang, Z.S. Zhang, B. Luo and B. Tan leg.; 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-04-05), YNR, Linkouzi, Fenshuihe, 31°29′16.32″N, 109°54′49.70″E, elev. 1672 m, 13 April 2022, L.Y. Wang, Z.S. Zhang, B. Luo and B. Tan leg.; 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-04-06), Shuangyang Township, YNR, Shuangyang Village, Miaogou, 13 August 2022, T. Y. Ren leg.; 2 males, 1 female (SWUC-T-SP-04-07~09), YNR, Zhuanping Administrative Station, 31°29′53′′N, 109°57′18′′E, elev. 2178 m, 18 August 2022, L.Y. Wang and T. Y. Ren leg. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Male of Pseudopoda yintiaoling sp. n. resembles P. daliensis Jäger & Vedel, 2007 in having a similar disc-shaped embolus and by the presence of an embolic projection (Figs 33–34, 38–40; Jäger & Vedel, 2007, figs 79–90), but can be distinguished by: 1) embolic projection large, hook-shaped in prolateral view in P. yintiaoling sp. n. (Figs 33, 38; small, triangular in P. daliensis); 2) distal end of embolus broad with round tip in ventral view in P. yintiaoling sp. n. (Figs 33, 38; narrow with pointed tip in P. daliensis); 3) RTA apical margin with a small tooth in between the vRTA and dRTA in P. yintiaoling sp. n. (Figs 34, 40; tooth absent in P. daliensis); 4) vRTA longer than wide in P. yintiaoling sp. n. (Figs 39, 40; wider than long in P. daliensis). Epigyne resembles P. wuxi sp. n. in having the similar outline of epigynal field (Figs 35, 36, 42, 43; Figs 24, 25, 31, 32) but can be distinguished by the posterior bulges of lateral lobes like small hump in P. yintiaoling sp. n. (Figs 35, 42; somewhat round in P. wuxi sp. n.). Description. Male holotype (Figs 3, 37) total length 7.54. Prosoma 3.69 long, 3.29 wide; Opisthosoma 3.61 long, 2.39 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.15, ALE 0.28, PME 0.24, PLE 0.27; AME–AME 0.15, AME– ALE 0.10, PME–PME 0.29, PME–PLE 0.34, ALE–PLE 0.34. MOA 0.72 long, anterior width 0.47, posterior width 0.71. Clypeus height 0.27. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 15.46 (4.36, 5.88, 3.67, 1.55); II 15.95 (4.39, 6.22, 3.85, 1.49); III 12.29 (3.72, 4.19, 3.15, 1.23); IV 14.36 (4.31, 4.83, 3.84, 1.38). Leg formula: 2143. Palp (Figs 33, 34, 38–40): RTA arising basally from tibia, with two branches, with a small tooth in between vRTA and dRTA; vRTA broad in retrolateral view, longer than wide, with round apical end in ventral view; dRTA horn-shaped with blunt end; tegulum ventrally in proximal half strongly bulged, spermophor running submarginally along retrolateral tegular margin. Embolus arising from 9-o’clock-position on tegulum; conductor membranous, sheet-like. Coloration (Figs 3, 37): Carapace yellowish, with many dark spots and linear trident pattern. Chelicerae yellowish, with brown spots; labium, gnathocoxae, coxae and sternum yellowish. Legs yellowish, with small spots and slightly larger spine patches. Dorsal opisthosoma yellowish, with dark patch above heart and two lateral dark bands, the latter posteriorly fused to transversal line, behind that a light transversal line and a dark posterior part, two pairs of sigilla; venter yellowish, with black patches. Female (SWUC-T-SP-04-03 Figs 4, 41) total length 7.94. Prosoma 3.33 long, 3.13 wide; opisthosoma 4.42 long, 3.06 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.26, PME 0.22, PLE, 0.27; AME–AME 0.16, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PME 0.28, PME–PLE 0.33, ALE–PLE 0.33. MOA 0.67 long, anterior width 0.45, posterior width 0.69. Clypeus height 0.25. Leg measurements: I 11.75 (3.33, 4.40, 2.76, 1.26); II 12.21 (3.70, 4.43, 2.86, 1.22); III 9.74 (3.09, 3.40, 2.20, 1.05); IV 11.34 (3.58, 3.57, 2.97, 1.22). Leg formula: 2143. Female color and pattern same as in male, except lighter in color. Epigyne (Figs 35, 36, 42, 43): Epigynal field wider than long, anterior margin outline W-shaped; lateral lobes longer than wide, medially touching each other, posterior margins wrinkled; first windings visible in dorsal view, internal duct system covered by the lateral lobes; fertilization ducts laterad in dorsal view. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Yintiaoling Natural Reserve, Chongqing, China.

In this study, silage Pennisetum sinese Roxb-based diet was replaced with fermented pineapple residue (FPR) at the replacement ratio of 0% (CON), 25% (T25), and 50% (T50) in fattening Simmental bulls for 30 days to evaluate the effects of FPR on growth performance, serum indexes, and ruminal characteristics. A total of 30 Simmental bulls (546 ± 44 kg initial BW) were allocated to three groups according to a completely randomized design. On day 30, the slaughter performance and meat quality were determined. Rumen fluids were collected for analyzing the rumen fermentation parameters and microbiota composition on day 30. The results showed that the average daily weight gain increased (P < 0.05) as the proportion of FPR rose. Within treatments, the T25 group reached more profit (5.34 RMB per day per bull) than CON while T50 was 3.69. The content of crude fat, cysteine, and proline in the muscle of T50 increased significantly (P < 0.05). The amounts of tyrosine, proline, and phenylalanine were significantly increased in the T25 (P < 0.05). The beta diversity analysis showed significant differences among the rumen bacterial flora of each group (P < 0.05). In the T25 group, the relative abundance of Spirochaetes decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_RM44 was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Thus, FPR could improve the growth performance, economic benefits, and meat quality without adverse effects on ruminal characteristics.

Nano-SiO2 particles have been incorporated into high-performance poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK) polymers to prepare satisfactory nanocomposite substrates for fifth-generation (5G) communication. Significantly lower dielectric constant (er), dielectric loss (tan δ), and linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were found for each PEKKaxSiO2y nanocomposite film series incorporated with proper loadings of nano-SiO2 particles. The dielectric characteristics measured for each PEKKaxSiO2y nanocomposite film series decreased to a minimum as the nano-SiO2 loading approached an optimum value. Satisfactory er (2.74 at 1 MHz), tan δ (0.00309 at 1 MHz), and linear CTE (~ 37 × 10−6/°C) for 5G high-speed communication were found for the nanocomposite film modified with the optimum nano-SiO2 loading of 10 wt.%. The porosity values measured for each PEKKaxSiO2y film series remained nearly zero then increased abruptly as the nano-SiO2 loading exceeded 10 wt.%. The free volume characteristics evaluated for each PEKKaxSiO2y film series increased to a maximum as the nano-SiO2 loading reached the optimum value of 10 wt.%. Possible explanations for the noticeably reduced dielectric and linear CTE characteristics found for PEKKaxSiO2y composite films are proposed.

Aqueous supercapacitor shows a narrow operating voltage range because of the limitation of the water electrolysis, resulting in low energy density. In this work, a nanoporous MnO2 entangled hierarchical porous carbon skeleton (simplified to MHPC) has been successfully prepared. Aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor has been assembled by employing the MHPC as a positive electrode, a hierarchical porous carbon skeleton (HPC) as a negative electrode, and a neutral Na2SO4 aqueous solution as electrolyte. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor can be stably charged in an aqueous medium in a wide voltage range of 0–2.5 V and delivers a maximum energy density of 20.8Wh/kg at a power density of 0.25 kW/kg and 25 kW/kg at an energy density of 11.1 Wh/kg in a 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution. This strategy provides a new idea for developing high-energy supercapacitor.

We demonstrated a simple and environment-friendly method in the preparation of N-doped carbon/PANI (NCP) composite without binder. The structure and the property of NCP have been characterized by XPS, IR, XRD, SEM, CV, GCD and EIS. The results reveal that NCP has high capacitance performance of up to 615 F·g−1 at 0.6 A·g−1. Additionally, the asymmetric NCP300//carbon supercapacitor delivers a high capacitance (111 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1) and a capacity retention rate of 82% after 1200 cycles at 2 A·g−1. The ASC cell could deliver a high energy density of 39.1 W·h·kg−1 at a power density of 792.6 W·kg−1.

To investigate the significance of peripheral blood lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) and corrected levels of serum calcium (cCa) as prognostic markers for the newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients.The clinical data of 114 newly diagnosed MM patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2013 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the optimal cutoff value, and the patients were divided into high LMR group and low LMR group (LMR≥3.35 and LMR3.35). Moreover, the patients were divided into four groups according to initial diagnosis LMR and LMR after four courses of treatment (LMR4): Group A (LMR≥3.35, LMR4≥3.35), Group B (LMR≥3.35, LMR43.35), Group C (LMR3.35, LMR4≥3.35), and group D (LMR3.35, LMR43.35). The simple prognosis model was established by combined with LMR and cCa, the patients were divided into Group a (no risk factor), group b (1 risk factor) and Group c (2 risk factors). Independent sample T-test, Pearson Chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate the differences between various parameters, and Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used for survival analysis.The median follow-up time was 13.05（0.1-72.5）months. Survival analysis showed that the patients with low LMR predicted poor prognosis, the overall survival (OS) time of the patients with low LMR was significantly shorter (17 vs 50.5 months, P=0.006) than the patients with high LMR, the difference was also significant between group A and Group D (56.5 vs 30.5 months, P=0.043). The OS of the patients was also significantly shorter in the high cCa group (≥2.75 mmol/L) compared with normal group (8.5 vs 34 months, P=0.006). Multivariate survival analysis showed that LMR3.35 (P=0.028) and cCa≥2.75 mmol/L (P=0.036) were the independent risk factors affecting prognosis of MM patients. The comparison of risk factors showed that the median OS of Group a, b and c was 50, 20, and 8.5 months, respectively. The prognosis of the patients without risk factors was better than that of patients with 1-2 risk factors (Group a vs Group b, P0.0001; Group a vs Group c, P=0.002).LMR and cCa are the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients, and the development of a simple prognosis system combining them can quickly identify the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients.淋巴细胞/单核细胞比率与校正血钙作为新诊断多发性骨髓瘤预后标志物的意义.探讨外周血淋巴细胞与单核细胞比率（LMR）和校正后血清钙（cCa）作为新诊断多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者预后标志物的意义.回顾性分析2013年1月至2020年3月昆明医科大学第二附属医院114例初诊MM患者的临床资料，采用ROC曲线确定变量的最佳临界值，将患者划分为高LMR和低LMR（LMR≥3.35和LMR3.35）两组，根据初诊及4个疗程治疗的LMR（LMR4）将患者分为A（LMR≥3.35，LMR4≥3.35）、B（LMR≥3.35，LMR43.35）、C（LMR3.35，LMR4≥3.35）和D（LMR3.35，LMR43.35）这4组。结合LMR和cCa制定简易预后模型，将患者划分为a（无危险因素）、b（1个危险因素）和c（2个危险因素）这3组。采用独立样本t检验和Pearson卡方检验或Mann-Whitney U检验评估各种参数的差异性，Kaplan-Meier法及Cox回归进行生存分析.中位随访时间13.05（0.1-72.5）个月。生存分析显示，初诊时较低的LMR能够预示更差的结局，其中低LMR组与高LMR组比较，总体生存时间（OS）明显缩短（17 vs 50.5个月，P=0.006）。同样可以观察到A与D组之间OS的差异（56.5 vs 30.5个月，P=0.043），高cCa（≥2.75 mmol/L）组与正常组比较，OS也明显缩短（8.5 vs 34个月，P=0.006）。多因素生存分析显示，LMR3.35（P=0.028）和cCa≥2.75 mmol/L（P=0.036）是MM患者的独立预后因素，危险因素分组比较显示，a、b及c组中位OS分别为50、20和8.5个月，无危险因素者预后均优于合并1-2个危险因素者（a vs b组，P0.0001；a vs c组，P=0.002）.对于初诊MM患者，LMR和cCa是影响预后的独立风险因素，结合两者制定简易预后系统能够快速判断初诊MM患者的预后.

In the present study, oligopeptide (TEA) and modified Pluronic F127 (M-Pluronic F127) with different mass fraction composited by intermolecular forces. And the oligopeptide/M-Pluronic F127 composite membranes were prepared and investigated. The structural parameters of the membranes were characterized by fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. It was found that there had strong interaction between TEA and M-Pluronic F127 and the composite films with different proportions had different surface morphology and thermal stability. The characteristics of the membranes were related to the significant changes of the self-assembly behavior of the TEA modified by M-Pluronic F127.

Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease lack suitable stent. In this study, a new polymeric composite material was prepared by incorporating various concentrations of gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) into silk fibroin (SF), aiming at achieving a novel composite film with superior mechanical and biological properties, in order to match the requirement of cardiovascular tissue engineering stents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that GPTM could promote SF to transform from the original alpha helix and random coil/extension chain conformation to the beta-folded conformation. Tensile experiment indicated tensile strength and breaking elongation of SF/GPTMS hybrid film reach the maximum with 20% GPTMS content. Within a certain range, the water drop contact angle of SF/GPTMS hybrid film is positively correlated with the content of GPTMS. Endothelial cells (ECs) are best grown on hybrid SF/GPTMS hybrid film with 20% GPTMS content.

Monodisperse SiO2 nanorods with hollow structure were prepared using FeOOH as a template. Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adso...

According to the disadvantages of PID control, this paper aims at applying fuzzy control in FOC control of PMSM. The controller automatically adjusts the two parameters of the PI controller based on changes in e and ec. The simulation result shows that more dynamic and steady-state can be obtained by using fuzzy PI control.

After studying the principle of ion water atomization, an intelligent humidification system of ion water atomization was designed. The system sensed the external temperature and humidity through the sensor, and built-in intelligent chip to calculate the sensor data. Automatically adjust the amount of ionized water atomization to maintain environmental humidity; Ions can also be added in the atomization humidification process can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and eliminate pathogens, this technology has a good practical and practical value.

A dehydrative cross-coupling of 2H-chromene hemiacetals with ketones is described. Without the derivatization of 2H-chromene hemiacetals to 2H-chromene acetals, the direct C–OH/C–H coupling reaction has been accomplished with water as the only by-product. With the use of Sn(OTf)2 as the promoter, the reaction goes smoothly under mild conditions.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Sequence of primers for real-time PCR.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Effects of BPS on rumen bacteria (phylum-level) of Holstein heifers.

The aim of this trial was to assess whether the supplementation of vitamin E (VE) in high-concentrate diets could improve the fermentation and blood metabolism in the rumen of dairy cows, thereby modulating the degree of the subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) response and improving the performance. Seven Holstein cows (four fitted with ruminal cannulas) were fed three diets (total mixed rations) during three successive periods (each lasted for 18 d): (1) the control diet (CON); (2) a high-grain (HG) diet, which was the control diet supplied with a 15% finely ground wheat diet (FGW); and (3) a high-VE diet (HGE), which was the control diet provided with a 15% FGW and 12,000 IU of VE/head per day. The results indicated that VE was able to alleviate the reduction in the dry matter intake (DMI) and milk fat yield in cows caused by HG diets. The supplementation of VE significantly reduced the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), histamine (HIS), and the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) in the rumen. The supplementation of VE observably increased the antioxidant capacity of the milk and plasma. In addition, VE markedly reduced the plasma levels of endotoxin, HIS, and pro-inflammatory factors. The supplementation of VE significantly enriched the differential metabolites of the purine metabolism, cysteine, methionine metabolism, and ABC transporter synthesis pathway in the serum. The supplementation of VE also significantly increased the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum and decreased the relative abundance of Treponema, thus reducing the production of TVFA in the rumen. In conclusion, considering that the cows in this trial had high ketone levels (BHBA > 2.3 mmol/L), we found that VE could improve the rumen fermentation and blood metabolism by modulating the relative abundance of rumen microorganisms, thereby mitigating a range of adverse effects caused by SARA.

In the three closed-loop servo system, the position loop is the key consideration object, and the transfer function directly reflects the relationship between the position instruction signal and the feedback signal. Because the servo system contains controller, motor, mechanism, control algorithm, and so on, the whole system is more complex, and all kinds of coefficient constant cannot be obtained accurately, so it is difficult to obtained transfer function accurately by modeling and simulation method. In order to improve the identification accuracy of the system transfer function, the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency data are obtained by experimental method, and the algorithm program is written by MATLAB. The algorithm can identify the system transfer function quickly and accurately, and can achieve the identification accuracy that the absolute error of amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic is very small. It has great practical value for the research of servo control system.

We experimentally demonstrate a novel optical fiber chemosensor for trace Cu2+ ions detection that is implemented by using an in-line optical fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) in conjunction with an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). The MZI is fabricated by lateral offset splicing a section of D-shaped fiber between two single-mode fibers. It splices the broadband optical source into a sinusoidal-shaped light, which can form a single passband microwave photonic filter (MPF) by combining the Mach–Zehnder modulator, a segment of fiber and a photodetector. The center frequency of the MPF, determined by the free spectra range of MZI, is affected by the solution concentration. Incorporating the MPF in the OEO sensor, the oscillation frequency is determined by the solution concentration. Therefore, we can estimate the solution concentration by measuring the microwave frequency change. We carry out a proof to concept experiment. High sensitivity Cu2+ ions concentration sensing with sensitivity of 13 Hz/(μM/L) is achieved. The maximum measurement error of concentration obtained is within 1.38 μM/L. The proposed sensor has merits of high interrogation speed, simple operation, high sensitivity and accuracy, offering the potentials in a wide range of biological application scenarios.

This retrospective report, detailed the volunteer work of the radiology department in Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital at the COVID-19 epidemic period. Under the background of the lack of medical staff

A highly efficient and regioselective self-coupling of C8-methylol catechin derivatives is developed for the synthesis of dimeric flavanol analogues under metal-free and mild conditions. Its applicability is showcased by the efficient synthesis of bisflavanol-type natural products bis-8,8′-catechinylmethane, bis-8,8′-epicatechinylmethane, talienbisflavan A, and oolonghomobisflavan A. The novel self-coupling mechanism sheds new light on the classical Friedel–Crafts alkylation mechanism in acid-catalyzed catechin–formaldehyde condensation.

Codebooks with small maximum cross-correlation amplitudes are used to distinguish the signals from different users in CDMA communication systems. In this paper, we first study the Jacobi sums over Galois rings of arbitrary characteristics and completely determine their absolute values, which extends the work in [34], where the Jacobi sums over Galois rings with characteristics of a square of a prime number were discussed. Then, the deterministic construction of codebooks based on the Jacobi sums over Galois rings of arbitrary characteristics is presented, which produces asymptotically optimal codebooks with respect to the Welch bound. In addition, the parameters of the codebooks provided in this paper are new., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2001.04028

Codebooks with small maximum cross-correlation amplitudes are used to distinguish the signals from different users in code division multiple access communication systems. In this paper, several classes of codebooks are introduced, whose maximum cross-correlation amplitudes asymptotically achieve the corresponding Welch bound and Levenshtein bound. Specially, a class of optimal codebooks with respect to the Levenshtein bound is obtained. These classes of codebooks are constructed by selecting certain rows deterministically from circulant matrices, Fourier matrices and Hadamard matrices, respectively. The construction methods and parameters of some codebooks provided in this paper are new.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Strains used in this study. Table S2. Primers used in this study. Table S3. Differential expression of cell wall‐related genes. Figure S1. BL03-D-4 and M3 on YPD plates. Figure S2. Shake-flask fermentations of BL03-D-4 and M3 in YPM medium with different concentration of ethanol. Figure S3. Shake-flask fermentations of BL03-D-4, M3 and BE1 in YPM medium and YPD medium. Figure S4. Colony morphology of BL03-D-4, M3, BE1 and BE2. Figure S5 Morphology observation of BL03-D-4, M3, BE1 and BE2.

Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide composites are efficient adsorption materials, however, their detailed geometrical structures and adsorption mechanisms in a broad pH range are still unclear. In this study, the structures of arsenic(V) adsorbed on Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide adsorption complexes were investigated using hybrid density functional theory calculations together with experimental Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy. Adsorption experiments showed higher arsenic(V) removal rates in the range of pH 5.0–10.0. FT–IR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that arsenic(V) is stably adsorbed by Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide complexes. The formation of monomeric As(V) appears to be favored in the 1.0–4.0 pH range, while dimeric and trimeric As(V)-Fe(III) oxyhydroxide complexes are preferably formed at higher pH (4.0–10.0). Namely, dimeric and trimeric Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides exhibited good removal efficiencies for arsenic(V) over a wide pH range. Interestingly, the stabilities of the complexes formed between As(V) and monomeric, dimeric and trimeric Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides follow the orders: As(V) trimer > As(V) dimer > As(V) monomer; these complexes are also interconvertible.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the quantitative parameters of CT scans performed on pregnant women with COVID-19 who had different reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results.Methods: Pregnant women with suspected cases of COVID-19 pneumonia (confirmed by next-generation sequencing or RT-PCR) who underwent high-resolution lung CT scans were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were grouped based on the results of the RT-PCR and the first CT scan: group 1 (double positive patients; positive RT-PCR and CT scan) and group 2 (negative RT-PCR and positive CT scan). The imaging features and their distributions were extracted and compared between the two groups.Results: Seventy-eight patients were admitted to the hospital between Dec 20, 2019, and Feb 29, 2020. The mean age of the patients was 31.82 years (SD 4.1, ranged from 21 to 46 years). The cohort included 14 (17.95%) patients with a positive RT-PCR test and 64 (82.05%) with a negative RT-PCR test, there were 37 (47.44%) patients with a positive CT scan, and 41 (52.56%) patients with a negative CT scan. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CT-based diagnosis of COVID-19 were 85.71%, 60.94%, 32.40%, 95.12% and 65.38%, respectively. COVID-19 pneumonia mainly involved the right lower lobe of the lung. There were 53 semi-quantitative and 59 quantitative parameters, which were compared between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the quantitative parameters. However, the Hellinger distance was significantly different between the two groups, albeit with a limited diagnostic value (AUC=0.63).Conclusions: Pregnant women with pneumonia usually present with typical abnormal signs on CT. Although multidimensional CT quantitative parameters are somewhat different between groups of patients with different RT-PCR results, it is still impossible to accurately predict whether the RT-PCR will be positive, which would allow for the earlier detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Increased meningitis caused by extensively drug-resistant bacillary presents a significant challenge in antibiotic selection. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of polymyxin in the treatment of post-neurosurgical meningitis due to the extensively drug-resistant bacillary in children.We performed a retrospective study on post-neurosurgical meningitis caused by the extensively drug-resistant bacillary in children, who were treated with polymyxin for ≥ 3 days.Among five post-neurosurgical meningitis cases that were included, the children were infected by Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 3), Klebsiella pneumonia (n = 1), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1). The drug susceptibility test showed that they were extensively drug-resistant bacillary. Two patients received intravenous polymyxin E. Three children received intravenous combined with intraventricular injection of polymyxin B. One patient infected by Klebsiella pneumonia eventually died of septic shock. No serious adverse effects of polymyxin were observed.Polymyxin is a safe and effective therapy for post-neurosurgical, multidrug-resistant bacillary meningitis in children.

In order to meet the requirements of the angular position accuracy of the high-precision brushless servo assembly, it is necessary to analyze the factors affecting the position accuracy of the turntable. The study found that the axial pulsation, radial displacement and angular slew of the shafting system are the key factors affecting the accuracy of the mechanism. The paper analyzes the rotary error caused by these factors. Through the analysis of the positioning accuracy of the shafting system, this paper uses the error compensation method to correct the accuracy of the angular position. The result satisfies the requirement of the design index and shows the rationality of the design method.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Intra-observer and Inter-observer variability of perfusion parameters.

The Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction has been extensively explored in isotropic Dirac systems with linear dispersion, which typically follows an exponent decaying rate with the impurity distance $R$, i.e., $J\propto 1/R^d$ ($1/R^{2d-1}$) in $d$-dimensional systems at finite (zero) Fermi energy. This fast decay makes it rather difficult to be detected and limits its application in spintronics. Here, we theoretically investigate the influence of anisotropic dispersion on the RKKY interaction, and find that the introduction of non-relativistic dispersion in semi-Dirac semimetals (S-DSMs) can significantly prolong the decay of the RKKY interaction and can remarkably enhance the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction around the relativistic direction. The underlying physics is attributed to the highly increased density of states in the linear-momentum direction as a result of the interplay of relativistic and non-relativistic electrons. Furthermore, we propose a general formula to determine the decaying rate of the RKKY interaction, extending the typical formula for isotropic DSMs. Our results suggest that the S-DSM materials are a powerful platform to detect and control the magnetic exchange interaction, superior to extensively adopted isotropic Dirac systems., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

As the condensed matter analog of Majorana fermion, Majorana zero-mode is well known as a building block of fault-tolerant topological quantum computing. In this review, we focus on the recent progress of Majorana experiments, especially experiments about semiconductor-superconductor hybrid devices. We first sketch Majorana zero-mode formation from a bottom-up view, which is more suitable for beginners and experimentalist. Then, we survey the status of zero-energy state signatures reported recently, from zero-energy conductance peaks, the oscillations, the quantization, and the interactions with extra-degrees of freedom. This paper also gives prospects on future experiments for advancing one-dimensional semiconductor nanowire-superconductor hybrid materials and devices., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures

The quality of Tungsten Inert Gas welding is dependent on human supervision, which can’t suitable for automation. This study designed a model for assessing the tungsten inert gas welding quality with the potential of application in real-time. The model used the K-Nearest Neighborhood (KNN) algorithm, paired with images in the visible spectrum formed by high dynamic range camera. Firstly, projecting the image of weld defects in the training set into a two-dimensional space using multidimensional scaling (MDS), so similar weld defects was aggregated into blocks and distributed in hash, and among different weld defects has overlap. Secondly, establishing models including the KNN, CNN, SVM, CART and NB classification, to classify and recognize the weld defect images. The results show that the KNN model is the best, which has the recognition accuracy of 98%, and the average time of recognizing a single image of 33ms, and suitable for common hardware devices. It can be applied to the image recognition system of automatic welding robot to improve the intelligent level of welding robot.

Materials with negative permittivity are opaque for electromagnetic wave such that the transmitted signal cannot travel through them. To combat this phenomenon, we propose a novel high transmission...

The first asymmetric total syntheses of talienbisflavan A and bis-8,8′-epicatechinylmethane as well as a facile synthesis of bis-8,8′-catechinylmethane has been accomplished from readily available starting materials by using a newly developed direct regioselective methylenation of catechin derivatives as one of the key steps.

A facile oxidative annulation of cyclohexanones and 2-aminophenyl ketones that uses molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant is described. The reaction provides a direct approach to acridines, a structural motif for a large number of fluorescent sensors, functional materials, ligands, and pharmaceuticals. In the presence of a palladium catalyst, high regioselectivity is observed when using non-symmetric 3-substituted cyclohexanones. With the use of oxygen as the terminal redox moderator, the electron gap of the global redox condensation process is filled and the reaction efficiency is significantly promoted. This protocol possesses many advantages such as using non-hazardous oxidant and readily available starting materials, high regioselectivity, and water as the only by-product.

A new analysis method based on serial sectioning and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction was developed to characterize the mineral microstructure of iron ore sinter. Through the 3D reconstruction of two types of iron ore sinters, the morphology and distribution of minerals in three-dimensional space were analyzed, and the volume fraction of minerals in a 3D image was calculated based on their pixel points. In addition, the microhardness of minerals was measured with a Vickers hardness tester. Notably, different mineral compositions and distributions are obtained in these two sinters. The calcium ferrite in Sinter 1 is dendritic with many interconnected pores, and these grains are crisscrossed and interwoven; the calcium ferrite in Sinter 2 is strip shaped and interweaves with magnetite, silicate and columnar pores. The calculated mineral contents based on a two-dimensional region are clearly different among various layers. Quantitative analysis shows that Sinter 1 contains a greater amount of calcium ferrite and hematite, whereas Sinter 2 contains more magnetite and silicate. The microhardness of minerals from highest to lowest is hematite, calcium ferrite, magnetite and silicate. Thus, Sinter 1 has a greater tumbler strength than Sinter 2.

The microstructure and the chemistry distribution of AlNiCo 9 samples were characterized by the X-ray diffraction, magnetic force microscope, field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope. An interface of a high Al content was formed near the FeCo-rich phases with a size of about 30 nm. S elements mainly combined with Ti to form titanium sulfide bars with the length between 70-150 μm, while S elements was not confirmed in the nanostructured FeCo-rich phase and AlNi-rich phase. Si and Nb preferably existed in the NiAl-rich phase, and a higher content Nb near the Cu precipitate boundary was observed. Moreover, the magnetic domain structure of AlNiCo 9 was also studied.

Herein, a kind of multi-responsive core-crosslinked poly (thiolether ester) micelles was facilely prepared for reactive oxygen species (ROS), acid and reduction sensitive drug delivery. Firstly, a hydroxyl-rich poly (thiolether ester) (PTE) was synthesized by the thiol-ene/thiol-expoxy polymerization using ethanedithiol (EDT) and glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) as monomers. The resultant PTE was then coupled with carboxyl terminated poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and lipoic acid (LA) to give the graft copolymer PTE- g -PEG-LA. The obtained PTE- g -PEG-LA could self-assemble into micelles in the aqueous media and turn into core-crosslinked nanoparticles in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT) at pH ∼8.3.The core-crosslinked PTE- g -PEG-LA micelles showed more compact structure and higher drug loading efficiency towards the model drug doxorubicin (DOX) as compared with non-crosslinked PTE- g -PEG micelles. In vitro drug release profiles demonstrated that the release of drug from DOX-loaded core-crosslinked PTE- g -PEG-LA micelles (CNP/DOX) could be accelerated in the ROS-abundant, acidic or reductive environment. The triggered release of loading drug from CNP/DOX in A549 and HeLa cells were also verified by laser scanning confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and cell proliferation inhibition assessments. These results indicate that the cross-linked PTE- g -PEG-LA micelles may provide huge potential for smart drug delivery in cancer therapy.