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Using a data sample of 448.1 × 10 6 ψ ( 3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we report the first observation of the electromagnetic Dalitz decay ψ ( 3686 ) → η ′ e + e − , with significances of 7.0σ and 6.3σ when reconstructing the η ′ meson via its decay modes η ′ → γ π + π − and η ′ → π + π − η ( η → γ γ ), respectively. The weighted average branching fraction is determined to be B ( ψ ( 3686 ) → η ′ e + e − ) = ( 1.90 ± 0.25 ± 0.11 ) × 10 − 6 , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.

Using 5.9 pb−1 of e + e − annihilation data collected at center-of-mass energies from 3.640 to 3.701 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII Collider, we measure the observed cross sections of e + e − → K S 0 X (where X = anything ). From a fit to these observed cross sections with the sum of continuum and ψ ( 3686 ) and J / ψ Breit-Wigner functions and considering initial state radiation and the BEPCII beam energy spread, we obtain for the first time the product of ψ ( 3686 ) leptonic width and inclusive decay branching fraction Γ ψ ( 3686 ) e e B ( ψ ( 3686 ) → K S 0 X ) = ( 373.8 ± 6.7 ± 20.0 ) eV, and assuming Γ ψ ( 3686 ) e e is ( 2.33 ± 0.04 ) keV from PDG value, we measure B ( ψ ( 3686 ) → K S 0 X ) = ( 16.04 ± 0.29 ± 0.90 ) % , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.

In the present study, experiments are carried out to investigate local gas phase characteristics of bubbly oil-gas-water flows in a vertical upward pipe with small inner diameter (ID). Bi-optical fiber probe signals at different radial positions and leading and rear half-ring conductance sensor fluctuation signals are collected in a 20 mm ID test pipe. Then flow parameters, including local gas volume fraction, gas velocity and bubble size distribution are extracted according to optical probe signals. The results show that the gas phase superficial velocity, mixture superficial velocity of oil and water as well as mixing ratio of oil and water all have significant impacts on the distribution of gas phase flow parameters. Additionally, in order to validate the results obtained from optical probe signals, multi-scale cross entropy (MSCE) algorithm is applied to analyze signals of high-resolution half-ring conductance sensor to uncover the dynamical instability of oil-gas-water bubbly flows under different flow conditions.

We report zircon for from ophiolitic and high-grade rocks of the Neoproterozoic Baikal–Muya belt of Siberia that occupies an arc-shaped area on the southeastern margin of the Siberian craton. It consists of arc-related plutonic, metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks as well as fragmented ophiolites and high-grade metamorphic assemblages. Magmatic zircons from two plagiogranite dyke samples of the Mamakan ophiolite complex in the Sredne–Mamakan massif of the eastern Baikal–Muya belt yielded similar and concordant SHRIMP mean 206 Pb/ 238 U ages of 640.0 ± 4.1 and 650 ± 6 Ma, respectively, that reflect the time of dyke emplacement and from which we suggest an age of ca. 645 Ma as the most likely time of ophiolite formation. Enderbitic gneisses of the North Baikal area, in the western part of the Baikal–Muya belt, contain complex zircon populations that reflect variable recrystallization, Pb-loss and metamorphic overgrowth during granulite-facies metamorphism. LA-ICP-MS dating of these zircons yielded inconclusive results that led us to undertake a detailed study of cathodoluminescence images combined with U–Pb SHRIMP dating. Well-preserved magmatic domains in zircons from enderbite sample 2821 yielded concordant results with a mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 640 ± 5 Ma, slightly higher but broadly comparable with the data obtained by LA-ICP-MS. The zircon populations of two more enderbitic gneiss samples are more complex, and their LA-ICP-MS data constitute broad swaths along concordia between ca. 840 and 600 Ma, reflecting two end-member isotopic components, namely an igneous crystallization event at ca. 800 Ma and a Pb-loss and recrystallization event at ca. 600 Ma. SHRIMP analyses of magmatic zircon domains of these samples yielded concordant data with identical mean 206 Pb/ 238 U ages of 826 ± 7.5 Ma and 826 ± 8 Ma, respectively, whereas low-U metamorphic rims crystallized at 640 ± 7 Ma. Newly crystallized ball-round metamorphic zircons in one sample produced a mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 640 ± 6 Ma. We suggest that the protoliths of the enderbitic gneisses crystallized at 826 ± 7.5 Ma and experienced granulite-metamorphism at 640 ± 6 Ma. The LA-ICP-MS analyses are fully compatible with this interpretation. Our geochronological data and previously published ages for Neoproterozoic igneous rocks of the Baikal–Muya belt define two age groups at 830–780 and 650–640 Ma. We interpret that the older group reflects the evolution of a large arc system in the Baikal–Muya belt and the eastern Sayan–northwestern Mongolia region, whereas the younger group documents collision between the above arc system and the southern margin of the Siberian craton.

Effects of temperature and processing on the stability of a commercial protease were assessed in an in vitro trial followed by growth trials with white shrimp and tilapia. Results showed that the protease has a high heat stability against pelleting, and it could hydrolyse dietary proteins during feed processing. In Exp. 2, white shrimp (3.3 g) fed low fish meal (FM) diet (LFD) with protease addition had similar growth to that fed high fish meal diet, and both had higher weight gain (WG) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than that fed LFD without protease addition (P

Forced convective heat transfer in a packed bed in the presence of collimated irradiation and under local thermal non-equilibrium is analyzed in this work. Both the collimated and diffusive radiative transfer processes are accounted for using the modified P-1 approximation. Two boundary condition models considering different limiting conditions at the wall which couple radiation and convection under LTNE were constructed. The effect of pertinent parameters such as the porosity φ, pore diameter dp, ratio of the solid to fluid thermal conductivities ζ; radiative properties including optical thickness τ, scattering albedo ω, and the wall emittance ɛw were analyzed. Also, their effects on the temperature and heat flux distributions in the incident direction were analyzed systematically and the limiting interactions between thermal radiation and conduction were revealed. The differences between the two boundary models with the effects of the cited parameters were analyzed. Our analysis demonstrated that an increase in either φ or dp enhances the transfer of radiative energy into the channel.

In order to improving the food safety of Chinese fermented sausages, Lactobacillus sakei as starter cultures was inoculated into sausages and effects on qualities of sausages were studied. The results clearly demonstrated that due to L. sakei inoculation, lactic acid bacteria rapidly dominated the total of microflora and the growth of food-borne pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae, was completely inhibited during sausages fermentation. The pH of sausages fermented by L. sakei significantly decreased from6.31 at to 4.52, whereas that of spontaneous fermentation dropped from 6.41 to 5.42. Furthermore, the nitrite content of sausages fermented by L. sakei dropped rapidly from 100 ppm to 9.6 ppm. Accordingly, for spontaneous fermentation, the nitrite content dropped slowly from 100 ppm to 32.1 ppm. After sensory evaluation, sausages fermented by L. sakei was more likely accepted and enjoyed by consumers. L. sakei inoculation was beneficial for microbiological quality against the growth of food-borne pathogens and contributed to nitrite depletion as well as to improving sensorial characteristics.

The bending of multilayer graphene nanoribbons incorporating the effect of interlayer shear is analyzed in this Letter. An improved beam theory is adopted and extended in which the in-plane extension of each layer is also taken into account. The governing equations for bilayer and trilayer graphene nanoribbons subjected to bending are presented as illustrative examples. Exact solutions for cantilever multilayer graphene nanoribbons are derived. Compared with the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the present beam model predicts much better results than the previous beam model in which the in-plane extension is ignored. The current study provides a strong evidence to include the in-plane extension effect in the continuum modeling of multilayer graphene structures.

Trilayer film/substrate systems with weak interfaces are investigated in this article, and the closed-form analytical solution is presented, which can be readily used to evaluate the thermal residual stresses induced by temperature change. A fourth-order differential equation governing the curvature is derived and its solution is obtained. The present analytical results can be degenerated to the ones for a system with perfect interfaces, as well as those for a bilayer system with weak interface as reported previously. A quite different feature from our previous work is that certain force equilibrium conditions in the longitudinal direction must be used for trilayer systems, while they are satisfied automatically in the analysis of bilayer systems.

The mechanism and age of Palaeozoic accretion in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt remain poorly constrained. One of the most complex belts extends from the Kokchetav area in northern Kazakhstan to the Kyrgyz northern Tianshan. It represents an assemblage of small blocks with Palaeoproterozoic continental crust, intervening slivers containing early Palaeozoic ophiolites and/or deep-marine sediments, and a number of HP and UHP metamorphic complexes. The HP–LT metamorphic rocks provide important clues for reconstructions of the overall structure and evolution of the accretionary collage. This study is aimed to constrain the metamorphic age and tectonic implications of HP garnet pyroxenites and enclosing mica schists in the Anrakhai area of the Chu-Yili Mountains of southern Kazakhstan. The HP belt is located in the central part of the Anrakhai metamorphic block and extends NW–SE between Neoproterozoic gneisses in the SW and undated ophiolites and granodiorites in the NE. Garnet pyroxenites and their retrograded equivalents form tectonic boudins and blocks in garnet–muscovite and muscovite schist of sedimentary origin. Metamorphic zircons from two garnet pyroxenite samples yielded a SHRIMP mean 206Pb/238U age of 489.9 ± 3.1 Ma. This age is interpreted to reflect the time of Early Ordovician peak metamorphism and ongoing subduction in the area as constrained by geological data and suggests that HP metamorphism was related to subduction. Exhumation of the HP rocks occurred between 490 and ∼475 Ma, based on the Early Ordovician age of overlap assemblages. Detrital zircons from a garnet–muscovite schist enclosing the pyroxenites were dated by LA-ICP-MS and range in age from 694 to 2557 Ma. They suggest a maximum late Neoproterozoic age for deposition of the sedimentary protolith and derivation from a continental source including Neoproterozoic to Archaean crustal components. Granodiorites with chemical characteristics of island arc rocks intruded into Proterozoic gneisses in the NE of the HP belt, and magmatic zircons from one sample yielded a SHRIMP 206Pb/238U mean age of 508.3 ± 3 Ma. This signifies the existence of a Cambrian magmatic arc. The early Palaeozoic age of the HP garnet pyroxenites indicates that the Anrakhai block is not part of a extensive Precambrian microcontinent, as previously thought, but represents a package of tectonically interlayered slivers, made up of Precambrian basement and early Palaeozoic rocks. Stacking of these heterogeneous domains may be due to subduction of continental crust, mutual underthrusting of continental and ophiolitic rocks, wedge extrusion of HP rocks, and strike-slip deformation in a subduction and/or collision setting. The Anrakhai collision zone is part of larger accretionary belt which formed by the end of the Early Ordovician and may extend from the Kyrgyz northern Tianshan to the Kokchetav area in northern Kazakhstan.

The microstructures of slowly solidified Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni bulk amorphous alloy were identified by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). XRD and TEM examinations show that the deep eutectic structures of the tested alloy consist of CuTi 2 -Cu 10 Zr 7 、Cu 3 Ti-CuZr、Cu 3 Ti-Cu 10 Zr 7 -CuZr low-order eutectics. Moreover, short-range ordering clusters in the melt with configuration similar to that of Cu 10 Zr 7 compound may contribute to the glass forming ability of bulk amorphous Cu-Ti-Zr-Ni alloy.

The Late Paleozoic intrusive rocks, mostly granitoids, totally occupy more than 200,000 km2 on the territory of Transbaikalia. Isotopic U-Pb zircon dating (about 30 samples from the most typical plutons) shows that the Late Paleozoic magmatic cycle lasted for 55–60 m.y., from ~330 Ma to ~275 Ma. During this time span, five intrusive suites were emplaced throughout the region. The earliest are high-K calc-alkaline granites (330–310 Ma) making up the Angara–Vitim batholith of 150,000 km2 in area. At later stages, formation of geochemically distinct intrusive suites occurred with total or partial overlap in time. In the interval of 305–285 Ma two suites were emplaced: calc-alkaline granitoids with decreased SiO2 content (the Chivyrkui suite of quartz monzonite and granodiorite) and the Zaza suite comprising transitional from calc-alkaline to alkaline granite and quartz syenite. At the next stage, in the interval of 285–278 Ma the shoshonitic Low Selenga suite made up of monzonite, syenite and alkali rich microgabbro was formed; this suite was followed, with significant overlap in time (281–276 Ma), by emplacement of Early Kunalei suite of alkaline (alkali feldspar) and peralkaline syenite and granite. Concurrent emplacement of distinct plutonic suites suggests simultaneous magma generation at different depth and, possibly, from different sources. Despite complex sequence of formation of Late Paleozoic intrusive suites, a general trend from high-K calc-alkaline to alkaline and peralkaline granitoids, is clearly recognized. New data on the isotopic U-Pb zircon age support the Rb-Sr isotope data suggesting that emplacement of large volumes of peralkaline and alkaline (alkali feldspar) syenites and granites occurred in two separate stages: Early Permian (281–278 Ma) and Late Triassic (230–210 Ma). Large volumes and specific compositions of granitoids suggest that the Late Paleozoic magmatism in Transbaikalia occurred successively in the post-collisional (330–310 Ma), transitional (305–285 Ma) and intraplate (285–275 Ma) setting.

Analysis of thermal stresses induced by temperature variation in bilayer systems with weak interface is presented. The equation governing the curvature of the centroidal axis is very simple and can be easily solved. It is found that the thermal stresses in the bilayer system and the curvature of the centroidal axis are all dependent on the longitudinal coordinate, due to the presence of weak interface. A modified Stoney's formula is obtained for bilayer systems with weak interface, which degenerates to the classic form when the interface stiffness tends to infinity.

A novel carbide free bainite/martensite (CFB/M) high strength steel of 1500MPa grade is micro-alloyed with Nb in order to refine the microstructure and improve the toughness. After the steel containing Nb was forged, coarse microstructure and strong transmissibility of structure were found. It is suggested that the large numbers of precipitates of Nb(CN) in the steel makes the structure transmissibility more serious. After solution treatment at 1200°C, both complete annealing twice and isothermal treatment at 600°C twice can eliminate the structure transmissibility and refine the structure. Investigation on refinement of cycle phase transformation shows that excellent effect of the grain refinement is obtained when the heating velocity exceeds some threshold. In addition, the temperature of austenitizing is of little influences on the size of refined austenite grain.

Digital action mechanism of machining error propagation has been a hot research topic in recent years. A complicated machining system usually contains multiple stages. Basing on analyzing digital behaviors of machining process flow, a methodology of machining error monitoring and control is put forward, which is based on dynamic programming. Under this framework, state of machining feature is described with vector matrices, and then differential transition matrices are used to represent the influences of error sources on machining feature quality of workpiece. Basing on this, a general error propagation equation is derived. At last, an example of a three-stage machining processes is presented to illustrate the proposed methodology.

Nanocellulose is attracting more and more attention from the scientists due to its high mechanical strength and environmental sustainability. Nanocellulosebased conducting composite film shows promise in the application of nanopaper-based sensors, flexible electrodes, and conducting adhesives. This chapter first briefly introduces the fundamentals of nanocellulose and conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI). Then, it describes the synthesis and properties of electrically conductive nanocellulose-based composite films. PANI was used as electrical function component. The effects of the concentration of aqueous nanocellulose suspension on the structures and properties of the composites are discussed.

The sintering temperature of cordierite ceramic is dependent on the transformation temperature to α-cordierite. In the present work, the effect of Ce 4+ -modified amorphous SiO 2 on the transformation behavior of the ceramics were studied using the techniques such as X-ray Diffraction, Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Infrared Spectrometry so as to decrease the sintering temperature. Experimental results show that, Ce 4+ -free amorphous SiO 2 has no effect on the transformation, while Ce 4+ -modified amorphous SiO 2 can obviously decrease the onset temperature. This is correlated to that Ce 4+ addition, which makes the structure of tetragonal SiO 2 loosened and decreases the transformation temperature of SiO 2 to tetragonal and so, improves the condition of solid solution of Al 3+ and Mg 2+ into tetragonal SiO 2 . Moreover, Ce 4+ addition has little effect on the conversion rate, because it cannot effectively promote the diffusion of Al 3+ and Mg 2+ into tetragonal SiO 2 .

The test facility and measurement system for the investigation of the dynamic characteristics of a damped blade are described. The test results are analyzed, and some important conclusions are drawn. It is found that dry friction between the dampers (or between damper and blade) is a very effective means of reducing the vibration of a blade.The resonance frequency, the response amplitude and the relative damping ratio can all be influenced by dry friction. High harmonic waves on the response of the blade which are caused by dry friction are observed in the test. However, the wave response of the damped blade is still basically harmonic. The normal force acting on the rub surfaces of the damped blade will influence the dynamic characteristics of the blade. Since the damped blade system is non-linear due to dry friction, the external exciting force can also influence the dynamic characteristics of the blade.

This paper presents a combined experimental and numerical method to simulate the liquid flow in a packed bed. Two types of the experiments, i.e. liquid percolation without gas flow and liquid flow with gas cross flow, were conducted using a three- or two-dimensional cold model, respectively. A mathematical model has been proposed for the numerical simulation of the liquid flow. This model was developed using a force balance approach combined with stochastic considerations, in which the liquid flow was treated as a discrete phase with stochastic dispersion based on the experimental observations. Accordingly, the interactions between liquid and the packed bed, and liquid and gas have been experimentally investigated and then were used to determine the model parameters involved in the model. The behavior of the liquid flow in packed beds can numerically be simulated using the proposed model. A reasonable agreement has been achieved between the model predictions and the experimental measurements.

The paper considers the development and implementation of a near-time-optimal neural-network-based position control method for DC motor servosystems. To bypass the difficulties caused by system constraints and modelling uncertainties, the paper uses classification neural networks to learn the time-optimal control law from experimentally generated near-time-optimal trajectories. In addition, by using regression neural networks to learn the relationship between control object displacement and the armature voltage pulse-width, a variable-pulsewidth control strategy is developed to achieve accurate positioning. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

It is well recognized that sequential pattern mining plays an essential role in many scientific and business domains. In this paper, a new extension of sequential pattern, ordinal pattern, is proposed. An ordinal pattern is an ordinal sequence of attributes, whose values commonly occur in ascending order over data set. Ordinal pattern mining requests that values of different attributes must be comparable and ordinal. After each record in data set is transformed into an ordinal sequence of attributes according to their ordinal values, ordinal patterns can be mined by means of mining sequential patterns. But our work is different from sequential pattern mining. One use of ordinal patterns is to identify possible error records in data cleaning, in which the values of attributes break the ordinal patterns which most of the data conform to. Experiments verify the high efficiency of the method presented.

We report here SHRIMP U-Pb geochronological, geochemical, and Nd isotopic data for the Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion (Gansu Province, China), which hosts the world's third largest magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits. U-Pb baddeleyite analyses yield an age of 812 ± 26 Ma for the ultramafic intrusion. This age is indistinguishable within analytical uncertainties from the U-Pb zircon ages of 827 ± 8 Ma and 828 ± 3 Ma for the sulfide-bearing ultramafic rocks and the dolerite dykes that cut the ultramafic intrusion, respectively. These U-Pb dating results show beyond doubt that the Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion and associated Ni-Cu sulfide deposit were formed at ∼825 Ma, rather than ∼1500 Ma as has been widely believed. The ultramafic rocks exhibit large negative ɛNd(T) values (−8.9 to −12.0) that decrease with increasing La/Sm, suggesting that their parental magmas were derived from a long-term enriched lithospheric mantle and experienced crustal contamination. Mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical data all indicate that the Jinchuan intrusion was generated by melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle heated by an anomalously hot plume. The U-Pb ages of ∼825 Ma for igneous baddeleyites and zircons and ∼900–880 Ma for inherited zircons in the Jinchuan mafic-ultramafic rocks are comparable with those in the Qaidam block and Qilian belt, the western extension of the Qinling belt that was likely derived from northern Yangtze craton. The Jinchuan Ni-Cu sulfide-bearing intrusion, along with coeval regional plume-related mafic dykes and tholeiites, and mafic-ultramafic complexes with associated V-Ti and Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization, is interpreted to be genetically related to the ∼825 Ma south China mantle plume.

This paper defines a formal model of database integrity using the concept of knowledge and belief. Knowledge are unrefutable facts and rules, while beliefs are refutable rules to be enforced. Transaction based integrity checking is used. Representation of knowledge and belief are given, and related work is discussed. >

Consideration is given to how to use the concept of active message to implement office information systems (OISs) effectively in a distributed environment. The authors introduce the concept of active messages, discuss the characteristics of office procedures and the SCOOP (System for Computerization of Office Processing) model, give the framework for implementing an OIS in a distributed environment using active messages, and summarize the contributions and future work. The transformation scheme from an office specification language to Amessages (active messages that are structured objects) is given. The transformation from SCOOP nets to Amessages is used as an example. >

Multiple acyl-CoA deyhydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is caused by defects in electron transfer flavoprotein and ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO). Recently, a common sequence variant in ETFDH, encoding ETF-QO, was initially identified in Taiwanese MADD patients with carrier frequency about 1%. Several subsequent reports supported that this probable founder mutation, c.250G > A (p.Ala84Thr), is the most common cause of MADD in southern Chinese population. Later-onset MADD clinically present with episodic muscle weakness under acute metabolic decompensation, cause mortality due to metabolic crisis and pathologically lead to intracellular lipid accumulation. Riboflavin supplementation has shown its efficacy in the MADD patients, particularly with ETFDH mutations and later onset form. As MADD may be the most common hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism in southern Chinese population and it is potentially treatable, we used different analyses in vitro to show the pathogenesis of MADD caused by this common mutation, c.250G > A in ETFDH, including assessments of lipid and acylcarnitines accumulation, neurite outgrowth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We successfully observed increased intracellular lipid droplets, elevated acylcarnitine concentration, neurite shortening and augmented ROS production in transfected cells which recapitulates the pathological and biochemical phenotypes in human. These results prove that this hot spot mutation is a true pathogenic mutation, not a polymorphism. Screening this hot spot mutation for Chinese patients clinically suspected to have MADD would be helpful for early diagnosis of MADD for which riboflavin supplementation may be effective. In addition, this in vitro system may be also useful for screening potential therapeutic strategies and further exploring the pathomechanism of MADD.

The drag of monodisperse droplets moving in an infinite droplet chain is studied numerically and experimentally. The droplet chain produced by a vibrating orifice generator is composed of an infinite number of droplets with the same diameter σP and a constant spacing dP. The droplets move with a velocity u0 along the axis of a cylindrical tube of radius R. In the experiments the velocity decrease of the droplets is measured by a laser Doppler velocimeter. It is shown that near the wall the droplet chain produces the same flow field as a cylindrical rod with a diameter of σ P exp (−ƒ) , where ƒ is a function of the velocity u0, the droplet diameter σP, the spacing of the droplets dP and the radius of the tube R. With these assumptions the Navier-Stokes equations have been solved numerically. Drag coefficients cD have been computed for Reynolds numbers from 20 to 100. The Reynolds number is based in this case on the droplet velocity u0 and the droplet diameter σP. The dimensionless spacing d P σ P was varied between 2 and 12 and the dimensionless tube diameter 2R/σP ranged from 20 to 1000. In addition, numerical results are presented for the radial coordinate δ of the boundary, at which the flow becomes essentially parallel to the tube, for the axial velocity at this boundary uz(z, δ) and for the maximum value of the velocity along the axis of symmetry uz(z, 0)max. The results of the numerical calculations are compared with the experiments.