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This study aims to analyze and explain (1) The effect of emotional fatigue on employee deviant behavior, (2) The effect of work stress on employee laying behavior, (3) The role of work stress in moderating the effect of emotional fatigue on employee behavior. The study was conducted at the Comissão da Função Pública (CFP) secretariat office. This study uses quantitative research methods, data collection using questionnaire instruments, and data analysis using Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) using 110 respondents. The results of this study concluded that emotional fatigue had a positive effect on employee deviant behavior. However the work stress variable in this study has a positive influence in moderating the relationship of emotional fatigue to employee deviant behavior.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of both an active warm-up and the time-of-day variation on repeated-sprint performance. A second objective was to compare the post-exercise recovery between the experimental conditions. METHODS: Eleven male participants performed ten maximal cycling sprints (6 s each, with a 30-s interval between them) in the morning and late afternoon, either after a warm-up or control condition. The warm-up consisted of cycling for 10 min at 50% of the peak aerobic power. RESULTS: Rest measurements of rectal, muscle, and skin temperatures were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning (p

Bone healing after a tumor removal can be promoted by biomaterials that enhance the bone regeneration and prevent the tumor relapse. Herein, we obtained several nanopatterns by self-assembly of polystyrene-block-poly 2-vinyl pyridine (PS-b-P2VP) with different molecular weight and investigated the adhesion and morphology of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) and osteosarcoma cell line (SaOS-2) on these patterns aiming to identify topography and chemistry that promote bone healing. We analyzed > 2000 cells per experimental condition using imaging software and different morphometric descriptors, namely area, perimeter, aspect ratio, circularity, surface/area, and fractal dimension of cellular contour (FDC). The obtained data were used as inputs for principal component analysis, which showed distinct response of BMMSC and SaOS-2 to the surface topography and chemistry. Among the studied substrates, micellar nanopatterns assembled from the copolymer with high molecular weight promote the adhesion and spreading of BMMSC and have an opposite effect on SaOS-2. This nanopattern is thus beneficial for bone regeneration after injury or pathology, e.g. bone fracture or tumor removal., Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology for the grants PTDC/QUI-POL/28117/2017, PD/BD/128085/2016, and CEECIND/00814 /2017

Inflammation is the body's normal protective response to injury and is stimulated by pathogens, toxic compounds, damaged cells or radiation, promoting healing and restoring homeostasis to the injured tissue. Leaves of Piper gaudichaudianum Kunth, known as "pariparoba" are widely used in folk medicine for the relief of toothache, while the fresh roots are used as anti-inflammatory and to treat liver disorders. For P. mikanianum (Kunth) Steud is known as "aguaxima", is widely used in the treatment of inflammation, rheumatism and ulcer, with its roots being used for stomach disorders and as a diaphoretic in intermittent fevers.Therefore, this work aims to chemically characterize the essential oil of Piper gaudichaudianum and Piper mikanianum, as well as the evaluation of neutrophil antichemotactic activity of both essential oils in order to complement the information of its traditional use, taking the leaves as plant material and, with that, corroborating its use in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.The essential oil from leaves of both Piper species were obtained from crushed fresh samples, by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type-apparatus for 4 h. The yield determination was performed as vol/wt (v/w) and in triplicate. The amount of essential oil obtained was quantified in mL. The identification and quantification of the compounds was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the model of modified Boyden chamber. In this test the essential oils were tested for their ability to inhibit leukocyte chemotaxis stimulated by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide.The chemical composition of the essential oils revealed the identification of 26 constituents for P. gaudichaudianum being the sesquiterpenes β-selinene (14.0%) and viridiflorene (10.5%) the main compounds, followed by caryophyllene oxide (9.3%) and (E)-nerolidol (9.0%). For P. mikanianum essential oil, β-myrcene (17.2%) and bicyclogermacrene (26.3%) were the major components in the monoterpenes and sesquiterpene fractions, respectively. The essential oils were also tested for their ability to inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro when stimulated by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Both essential oils showed antichemotactic effect with reduction in migration of 0-72.2% for P. gaudichaudianum and 8.6-100% for P. mikanianum to same concentrations, suggesting a response to acute inflammatory processes.Since up to date there is no report of this biological activities by this mechanism (antichemotactic assay) for essential oils this species. These results showed that the essential oils of P. gaudichaudianum and P. mikanianum have a great capacity to inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis in an inflammatory process, in a dose-dependent way, suggesting anti-inflammatory potential, by preventing its accumulation at the injury site with the possibility of tissue damage. Findings of these studies support the traditional use of these species in the treatment of inflammatory processes.

Cuphea genus (Lythraceae) popularly known in Brazil as “sete-sangrias”, it’s described as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and antihypertensive mainly. Investigating the chemotactic ability plays an important role in the identification of new anti-inflammatory agents. Thus, this research aims to assay the antichemotactic activity of hydroethanolic extracts of C. calophylla, C. carthagenensis, C. glutinosa, and C. racemosa as well as the compounds miquelianin and myricitrin. The antichemotactic activity of the hydroethanolic extracts, miquelianin, and myricitrin were assayed at concentrations 0.001 to 10 µg/mL in the lipopolysaccharide-induced chemotaxis on rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils. All the assayed samples displayed antichemotactic activity with reduction of the neutrophil migration in the range of 4.46-100%, and an IC50 value in the range of 0.30-1.24 µg/mL. Thus, this study demonstrates that the extracts hydroethanolic of Cuphea species, miquelianin, and myricitrin display a significant antichemotactic activity. Therefore, in future studies, extracts from Cuphea spp. could be used as anti-inflammatory drugs.

In this work, we report an ab initio investigation based on density functional theory calculations within van der Waals D3 corrections to investigate the adsorption properties and activation of CO2...

ObjectiveThis study compared clinical, echocardiographic, and prognostic characteristics among patients with aortic dissection (AD) with (HypHist) and without (No-HypHist) hypertension history and evaluated the association of blood pressure (BP) at presentation with 1-year mortality, left ventricular (LV) remodeling and renal dysfunction.MethodsWe investigated clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and 1-year mortality among 367 patients with AD (81% HypHist, 66% Type-A) from three Brazilian centers.ResultsPatients with No-HypHist were more likely to have Marfan syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, to undergo surgical therapy, were less likely to have LV hypertrophy and concentricity, and had similar mortality compared with HypHist patients. Adjusted restricted cubic spline analysis showed that systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at presentation had a J-curve association with mortality among patients with No-HypHist, but did not associate with death among patients with HypHist (p for interaction = 0.001 for SBP and = 0.022 for DBP). Conversely, the association between SBP at presentation and mortality was influenced by previous use of antihypertensive medications in the HypHist group (p for interaction = 0.002). Results of multivariable logistic regression analysis comprising the whole sample showed direct associations of SBP and DBP at presentation with LV hypertrophy (p = 0.009) and LV concentricity (p = 0.015), respectively, and an inverse association between pulse pressure at presentation and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 2 (p = 0.008).ConclusionCombined information on BP at presentation, previous diagnosis of hypertension, and use of antihypertensive medications might be useful to predict mortality risk and to estimate extra-aortic end-organ damage among patients with AD.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy at 6 months (6 M) and 12 months (12 M) of 3 adhesive strategies (two-step etch-and-rinse; two-step self-etch; one step self-etch) used in composite resin restorations in primary molars.This randomized clinical study involved 101 class II restorations in primary molars of 34 children (4-8 years old), distributed by 3 groups according to the 3 tested adhesive systems: GI- ClearfilThe aesthetic, biological and most of the functional parameters evaluated remained without significant changes over time. Statistically significant differences were only found regarding the "marginal adaptation" parameter at 12 M, with worsening of scores for the three groups (p 0.001). Comparing the groups, no significant differences were detected between any of the evaluated parameters (aesthetics properties: p = 0.721; functional properties: p = 0.122).After a one-year period, the self-etch adhesives tested presented a clinical efficacy similar to the etch-and-rinse adhesive in restoring class II cavities in primary molars.ISRCTN11458186.

To create an international recommendation concerning the release of alkalis, test method AAR-8 was developed within the scope of RILEM TC 258-AAA activities. The first round robin test was performed using five aggregate types, and further investigation was conducted as RRT2, leading to the final version of the AAR-8 recommendation. Five aggregates with different mineralogies and origins were immersed in specific volumes of NaOH or KOH solutions with excess calcium hydroxide maintained 38 °C and 60 °C respectively. Samples of the immersion test solution were removed at intervals of 2, 6, 13, 26, and 52 weeks by pipetting and chemically analyzed for NaOH or KOH test solutions. The amount of alkali released was expressed in grams of Na2O, K2O, and Na2Oeper kilogram of the respective aggregate. The results obtained are presented. Based on the data, several changes to the original version of the test method are proposed., Con el fin de crear una recomendación internacional sobre la lixiviación de álcalis de los áridos, se desarrolló el método de ensayo AAR-8 en el ámbito de las actividades de RILEM TC 258-AAA. El primer Round Robin Test (RRT1) de AAR-8 se realizó utilizando cinco tipos áridos y se llevó a cabo una investigación adicional como RRT2 que condujo a la versión final de la recomendación AAR-8 publicado recientemente. Se sumergieron cinco áridos con diferente mineralogía y origen (fonolita, cataclasita, granodiorita, granito y una arena dragada de mar) en volúmenes específicos de soluciones de NaOH o KOH con exceso de hidróxido de calcio mantenido a 38 ° C y 60 ° C. A las 2, 6, 13, 26 y 52 semanas, se extrajeron muestras de la solución de prueba de inmersión mediante pipeteo y se analizaron químicamente para determinar el potasio (solución de prueba de NaOH) o sodio (solución de prueba de KOH). La cantidad de álcalis lixiviados se expresó en gramos de Na2O, K2O y Na2Oepor kilogramo de áridos. En este artículo, se presentan los resultados obtenidos de los álcalis lixibiables por los áridos probados se presentan en los cinco laboratorios participantes. A partir de los datos obtenidos, se proponen varios cambios en la versión original del método de prueba para mejorarlo.

Grinding wheels are used in manufacturing industry to shape and finish different types of materials. To achieve this purpose, the wear resistance of grinding materials and the capacity to promote wear on the opposing surface determine the performance of the grinding part. During the grinding operations high temperatures are developed in the wheel/piece contact which can cause several problems like working material microstructural changes, internal defects (fissures...). In the last years, superficial structured wheels have been developed in order to reduce contact temperature and improve the grinding efficiency and the quality of the produced surface. In this work, two types of channels structures were produced on the surface of a vitrified alumina abrasive composite with: hexagonal and spiral geometries (active area of 95.3 and 91.6%, respectively). The obtained composites produced were characterized in terms of physical properties (density and porosity) and geometric channel features. In order to evaluate the changes on the wear rate and surface morphology pin-on-disc wear tests were performed under lubricated conditions at constant load (20 N) and sliding speed (0.5 m.s−1), at room temperature. An alumina rod (∅5 mm) was used as counterface material creating particularly hard contact conditions. The wear rate of both mating surfaces was measured by gravimetric method. The worn surfaces were characterized by SEM analysis and the tribological results were correlated with the physical properties of the composites and the introduced cooling channels. The dominant wear mechanisms, as identified by SEM analysis, were fine scale abrasive wear of the protruding load carrying particles, which is featured by the formation of wear flats, together with debonding of ceramic particles from the composite contact surface. Comparing with traditional wheels (without cooling channels), a decrease of the wear rate on disc side of 35 and 42% was obtained for, respectively, spiral and hexagonal channel geometries. On the alumina opposite counterface, the wear rate increases 10 and 47% for, respectively, hexagonal and spiral geometries. A significant improvement on the abrasive performance (a wear rate decreases on the abrasive wheel and an increase on the counterface) was achieved with the addition of the two types of channel geometries. The best combination of results (composite and counterface) was obtained for the spiral configuration of the cooling channels (grinding ratio of 0.86).

Most electronic failures that occur in equipment are due to stresses induced by differences in the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the different materials in a Printed Circuit Board Assemblies (PCBA). During a thermal cycle, the incompatibility of CTE between the PCB and the components induces shear fatigue that may affect the reliability of the solder interconnections on the PCB, which can eventually lead to fracture and failure of the joints and the PCB. Due to the advancement in the electronic components industry, interest from the researcher’s point of view has grown in studying the influence of additives in the solder alloys, in relation to microstructure, physical and mechanical properties and, mainly in the CTE. In this work two types of additives (Bi and graphite powder) were tested in order to reduce the CTE of a lead-free solder (SAC305) solder paste for reflow soldering. Because the selected additives have different characteristics, namely different densities, a different method of SAC305 solder additivation was tested for each type of additive. For Bi addition in SAC305 alloy (up to 6.5 wt.%), after a mechanical mixing of it, with the solder paste, a fusion technique (with a thermal cycle similar to the used on the reflow soldering) was used. For composites with graphite (addition up to 0.1 wt.%) a double-printing method was used in order to achieve a homogeneous additive distribution, so that graphite remained in the final ingot. These additivated solder alloys were chemically analyzed and characterized for thermogravimetric properties. Samples microstructure were characterized by SEM/EDS analysis, and also they were tested for their electrical resistivity. With graphite addition there is a slight increase on the initial alloy melting temperature (∼1.5°C) and with Bi an almost linear decrease was obtained (∼16 °C for the higher tested Bi addition). Composites with bismuth have a decrease trend, with the additive increase content until close to 5%. The CTE value decreases almost linearly ((from 25 to ∼14.5 μm/(m·°C); R2 = 0.9905). However, the sample of SAC305 + 6.5% Bi does not follow this trend, which may indicate that for these and higher amounts of bismuth, the composite CTE stabilizes. For composites with graphite there is a reduction of CTE (from 25 to ∼17 μm/(m·°C) for 0.04 wt. % graphite addition). For higher graphite additions the CTE seems to increase. The obtained results show that both additives can be used in order to achieve a CTE target value close to the PCB copper PAD (17 μm/(m·°C). However, the mixing method used for graphite mixing on solder paste cannot be directly transposed to the reflow soldering technique.

Curcumin presents a promising anti-inflammatory potential, but its low water-solubility and bioavailability hinder its application. In this sense, cocrystallization represents a tool for improving physicochemical properties, solubility, permeability, and bioavailability of new drug candidates. Thus, the aim of this work was to produce curcumin cocrystals (with n-acetylcysteine as coformer, which possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities), by the anti-solvent gas technique using supercritical carbon dioxide, and to test its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential. The cocrystal was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The cocrystal solubility and antichemotaxic activity were also assessed in vitro. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities were carried out in vivo using the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and carrageenan-induced paw oedema assays in mice. The results demonstrated the formation of a new crystalline structure, thereby confirming the successful formation of the cocrystal. The higher solubility of the cocrystal compared to pure curcumin was verified in acidic and neutral pH, and the cocrystal inhibited the chemotaxis of neutrophils in vitro. In vivo assays showed that cocrystal presents increased antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potency when compared to pure curcumin, which could be related to an improvement in its bioavailability.

Platinum-based nanoalloys can yield unique properties due to synergistic effects derived from the combination of Pt with one or more transition-metal (TM) species, as well as from the chemical orde...

The xylopodium of Trichocline macrocephala Less. is used in folk medicine in the extreme northeast region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, to treat respiratory tract disorders. This study reports the isolation and elucidation of two undescribed compounds, named 7-methoxy-glaupalol and 8-hydroxy-isogerberacoumarin, along with glaupalol, 5-methoxycoumarin, 5,6-dimethoxycoumarin and 7-methoxycoumarin. Their structures were determined by application of 1D and 2D NMR techniques and HRESIMS analysis. The 5-methylcoumarin glaupalol exhibited antichemotactic activity on leukocytes migration at concentrations from 0.01 to 5 μg/mL.

Background The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is central to haemodialysis treatment, but up to half of surgically created AVF fail to mature. Chronic kidney disease often leads to mineral metabolism disturbances that may interfere with AVF maturation through adverse vascular effects. This study tested associations between mineral metabolism markers and vein histology at AVF creation and unassisted and overall clinical AVF maturation. Methods Concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D metabolites: 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D, 25(OH)D, and bioavailable 25(OH)D were measured in pre-operative serum samples from 562 of 602 participants in the Haemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study, a multicentre, prospective cohort study of patients undergoing surgical creation of an autologous upper extremity AVF. Unassisted and overall AVF maturation were ascertained for 540 and 527 participants, respectively, within nine months of surgery or four weeks of dialysis initiation. Study personnel obtained vein segments adjacent to the portion of the vein used for anastomosis, which were processed, embedded, and stained for measurement of neointimal hyperplasia, calcification, and collagen deposition in the medial wall. Results Participants in this substudy were 71% male, 43% black, and had a mean age of 55 years. Failure to achieve AVF maturation without assistance occurred in 288 (53%) participants for whom this outcome was determined. In demographic and further adjusted models, mineral metabolism markers were not significantly associated with vein histology characteristics, unassisted AVF maturation failure, or overall maturation failure, other than a biologically unexplained association of higher 24,25(OH)2D with overall failure. This exception aside, associations were non-significant for continuous and categorical analyses and relevant subgroups. Conclusions Serum concentrations of measured mineral metabolites were not substantially associated with major histological characteristics of veins in patients undergoing AVF creation surgery, or with AVF maturation failure, suggesting that efforts to improve AVF maturation rates should increase attention to other processes such as vein mechanics, anatomy, and cellular metabolism among end stage renal disease patients.

1,3-Dimethylamylamine (DMAA) is known to be added to dietary supplements from synthetic sources and, presumably, from natural geranium oil. However, the natural occurrence of DMAA in geranium oil (Pelargonium graveolens) has been controversial as published studies report contradicting findings. It is unclear if the difference in detection of DMMA in Pelargonium species is a result of the loss during extraction methods, different detection capabilities of analytical methods or if the content of DMAA is dependent of the species and geographical origins. Consequently, the purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to compare the analytical performance of mass spectrometry methods for the detection of DMMA, including GC/MS, DART–MS/MS and LC–MS/MS; (2) to evaluate if DMMA is lost during the extraction of essential oils from Pelargonium leaves of species from Brazil testing headspace extraction, and (3) to evaluate if DMMA is naturally present in a variety of essential oils originating from six countries. This study shows that for detection of more volatile compounds, headspace GC–MS proved to be more favorable than hydrodistilled essential oil analyzed by direct injection in GC–MS. DART–MS/MS showed to be a good alternative for identification of essential oils compounds and DMAA without sample preparation; LC–MS/MS proved to be sensitive for DMMA identification. Nevertheless, even after the analysis using mentioned methods, all essential oils and for the first time, the volatile components extracted from leaves, showed to be absent of DMAA, proving that its presence is not natural in these species.

Cocoa byproducts are important inputs to the food industry. In recent decades, the consumption of these products has been reported to increase while the production of cocoa beans has reportedly decreased. In this scenario, the use of the cocoa bean shell (CS) as an alternative source of cocoa fat is a good strategy to increase the fat supply for use in food products. The main aim of this study was to characterize CS; extract fat from CS using pressurized ethanol as the solvent; perform kinetics extraction trials at temperatures of 60, 75 and 90 °C; and evaluate the lipid fraction and defatted meal characteristics. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was found to be a very efficient way to obtain fat from cocoa shells, achieving high extraction yield values (up to 90%) after a single stage of contact. An increase in temperature positively influenced the composition of fat in terms of the tocopherol content, but negatively influenced the protein solubility in the defatted meal obtained at 90 °C. The experimental kinetic data of CS fat extraction were successfully mathematically described (absolute relative deviation up to 0.85%), allowing calculation of a diffusion coefficient with values between 4.56 and 12.15 × 10−12 m2 s−1, which increased with increasing extraction temperature.

Baru, a Brazilian Cerrado native fruit, stands out for its high nutritional value. Considering that reports about its technological potential are scant, this study aimed to add value to the processing chain. For that, ethanol and isopropanol were evaluated in terms of their suitability to solubilize baru nut oil (BNO), extract baru nut cake oil (BNCO), and obtain a protein-rich defatted flour. The BNO solubility in alcohols was adequately described by nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) parameters, and the highest solubilization capacity was achieved with absolute isopropanol. Alcoholic extraction did not affect the BNCO tocopherol content (80-112 mg/kg oil) or its fatty acid composition. Both protein solubility and thermal stability were negatively affected by solvent hydration, temperature, and contact stages. However, the materials exhibited adequate water and oil absorption capacities (3.5 and 1 g/g sample), as well as improved foaming capacity and stability, confirming their potential for use in several food formulations.

The present study investigates the chemical composition, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive activities, in vitro, from extracts of Cuphea lindmaniana and Cuphea urbaniana leaves. The extraction was performed ultrasound-assisted, and UHPLC/MS analysis was in positive mode ionization. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and miquelianin were assayed at concentrations 0.001-10 μg/mL by chemotaxis on rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The antihypertensive activity was performed by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. From the nineteen proposed compounds, six of them are described for the first time in this genus. The extracts displayed antichemotactic effect with a reduction of 100 % of the neutrophil migration, in vitro, in most concentrations. The ACE-inhibition presented results ranging from 19.58 to 22.82 %. In conclusion, C. lindmaniana and C. urbaniana extracts contain a rich diversity of flavonoids and display in vitro anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive potential. Thus, this study could serve as a scientific baseline for further investigation, on developmental novel products with therapeutic actions.

Background This study compared left ventricular (LV) characteristics between patients with type‐A and type‐B aortic dissection (AD) and evaluated the ability of LV remodeling phenotypes (hypertrophy, concentricity, or geometric patterns) to predict mortality in both AD types. Methods and Results We evaluated 236 patients with type A and 120 patients with type B who had echocardiograms within 60 days before or after AD diagnosis (median [25th, 75th percentiles] time difference between echocardiogram and AD diagnosis=1 [0, 6] days) from 3 centers. Patients were stratified according to LV phenotypes, and early (90‐day) and late (1‐year) mortality after AD diagnosis were assessed. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, patients with type A had higher and lower odds of concentric and eccentric hypertrophy (odds ratio [OR], 2.56; 95% CI, 1.50–4.36; P P =0.039, respectively) than those with type B. Results of multivariable Cox‐regression analysis showed that LV remodeling phenotypes were not related to mortality in patients with type B. By contrast, LV concentricity was associated with greater early and late mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.22; 95% CI, 1.24–3.96; P =0.007 and HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.20–3.54; P =0.009, respectively) in type A. In further analysis considering normal LV geometry as reference, LV concentric remodeling and concentric hypertrophy were associated with early mortality (HR, 7.78; 95% CI, 2.35–25.78; P P =0.008, respectively), whereas concentric remodeling was associated with late mortality (HR, 5.40; 95% CI, 1.91–15.26; P Conclusions LV geometric patterns derived from LV concentricity were associated with greater mortality among patients with type A and may be markers of adverse prognosis in this population.

Apart from advantages regarding safety, short-chain alcohols used as substitutes for hexane in vegetable oil extraction can be partially recovered from the extract only by cooling due to their partial miscibility with oil. Therefore, the circumstances under which this separation is possible were studied from the determination of liquid-liquid equilibrium data of systems containing crude sesame seed oil and short-chain alcohols (crude sesame seed oil + ethanol + water, and crude sesame seed oil + isopropanol + water) with different hydration levels, in temperatures from (283.2 ± 0.1) to (333.2 ± 0.1) K. Adjusted NRTL model temperature-dependent parameters adequately described the phase compositions, with low global deviation values (0.24–0.63%). Results of the predicted alcohol amount that could be separated from extracts revealed that azeotropic ethanol is the most advantageous since approximately 100% of recovering was reached for temperatures between 283.2 and 288.2 K and for extracts with oil contents of up to 0.20 in mass. In addition to high recoveries, systems containing azeotropic ethanol showed the lowest amounts of residual alcohol to be evaporated from the oil-rich phases (approximately 8%). Finally, partition coefficients for free fatty acids close to or higher than 1 indicating greater migration of these components to the alcohol-rich phase, which corresponds to the possibility that the partial desolventization and deacidification processes are performed simultaneously.

Our atomistic understanding of the physical-chemical parameters that drives the changes in the relative stability of clusters induced by adsorbed molecules is far from satisfactory. In this work, we employed density functional theory calculations to address this problem using CO adsorption on 13-atom transition-metal clusters, TM13, namely, nCO/TM13, where TM = Ru, Rh, Pd, and Ag, and n = 1-6. Unexpectedly, changes in the relative stability take place for all systems at a lower coverage, namely, at n = 3 (Ru13), 4 (Rh13, Ag13), and 2 (Pd13). To address the effects that lead to changes in the stability, we proposed an energy decomposition scheme for the binding energy of the nCO/TM13 systems, which yields that the change in relative stability is dominated by the interaction energy and cluster distortion energy upon adsorption, where the interaction energy is higher for high-energy unprotected clusters. Furthermore, we characterized all adsorption parameters, which helps us to complement our atomistic understanding.

The potential alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) of volcanic aggregates, especially basalts, remains a source of debate in the scientific community. When evaluating the potentially deleterious character of this type of aggregate, different laboratory testing methods may produce contradictory data; this is particularly evident when using the accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT). In order to better understand such discrepancies, this study applied several methods of characterizing potential aggregate alkali reactivity, including the accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT), petrographic characterization, and the concrete prism test (CPT). Moreover, this study assessed volcanic aggregate samples from sites around the world, including the Azores, Brazil, Canada, the Canary and Hawaiian Islands, Iceland, Japan, Mozambique, New Zealand, Norway, and Turkey. The results obtained contribute to accurately assessing the potential alkali reactivity of volcanic aggregates and enhance the understanding of their different behaviours., La reactividad potencial álcali-sílice (RAS) de los áridos volcánicos, especialmente basaltos, sigue siendo una fuente de debate en la comunidad científica. Se puede obtener información contradictoria dependiendo de los métodos de ensayo utilizados en el laboratorio para evaluar el carácter potencialmente perjudicial de tales áridos, especialmente en el caso del ensayo acelerado de barra de mortero. Para comprender mejor esta discrepancia, se realizaron una serie de ensayos: caracterización petrográfica, ensayo acelerado de barra de mortero y de prisma de hormigón. Además, se seleccionaron para este estudio varios áridos volcánicos de diferentes partes del mundo (i.e., Azores, Brasil, Canadá, Islas Canarias y Hawaianas, Islandia, Japón, Mozambique, Nueva Zelanda, Noruega, Turquía). Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a evaluar la reactividad alcalina potencial de estos áridos y permiten comprender mejor los diferentes comportamientos de los distintos áridos volcánicos estudiados.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:47:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-31 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo FAPES Background Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparao (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website Catalogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservacao do Brasil. Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states. New information Parque Nacional do Caparao houses 8% of the land plant species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, including 6% of its angiosperms, 31% of its lycophytes and ferns and 14% of its avascular plants. Twelve percent of the threatened species listed for the State of Espirito Santo and 7% listed for the State of Minas Gerais are also protected by PNC. Surprisingly, 79% of the collections analysed here were carried out in Minas Gerais, which represents just 21% of the total extension of the Park. The compiled data uncover a huge botanical collection gap in this federally-protected area. Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Inst Pesquisas Jardim Bot Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Fundacao Espirito Santense Tecnol, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Secretaria Desenvolvimento Cidade & Meio Ambiente, Cariacica, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, Brazil Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilheus, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Inst Nacl Mata Atlantica, Santa Teresa, Brazil Univ Estado Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil Univ Fed Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil Univ Estado Santa Catarina, Laguna, Brazil Univ Nacl Nordeste, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Corrientes, Argentina Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil STCP Engn Projetos, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil Inst Bot, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Oeste Para, Santarem, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Joao del Rei, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil CNPq: CNPq 421276/2017-7 Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo: FAPES 34/2018 Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo: Chamada CNPq/ICMBio/FAPs No 18/2017 FAPES: 19/2018 FAPES: 525/2018

To assess the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) and associated factors among a 5-year-old cohort.An observational longitudinal study was conducted with a sample of 142 preschoolers. A calibrated dentist performed intraoral examinations following International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS-II) criteria at baseline and after 6 months. A questionnaire on sociodemographic variables and oral health-related behaviours was answered by caregivers. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and computation of confidence intervals (95% confidence level).Baseline prevalence of ECC and severe ECC (S-ECC) were 40.1% and 11.3%, respectively. After 6 months ECC and S-ECC prevalence rates were 46.5%, and 13.2%, respectively. At both evaluations most caries lesions were untreated. Parental education and occupation were significantly associated with ECC. Behaviour variables found to be significantly associated with the disease comprised: establishing toothbrushing habits before the first year, toothbrushing twice daily and with parental assistance, frequency of dental visits, age at first dental visits, daily ingestion of sweets and number of daily meals.The prevalence of ECC was very high, with most of the lesions left untreated. ECC experience was associated with participants' socioeconomic background and several of the surveyed oral health-related behaviour variables.

This work aimed to verify the feasibility of using alcoholic solvents under atmospheric pressure for the simultaneous extraction of fat and bioactive compounds from cocoa shell (CS), a byproduct of the cocoa industry, as well as to determine the influence of processing on the characteristics of defatted solids (DS). To this end, CS fat (CSF) extraction kinetics using ethanol or isopropanol as solvents were determined at 75 and 90 °C. Relative extraction yields of flavanols and alkaloids were determined, and protein functionalities such as the nitrogen solubility index were evaluated. CSF extraction yields from 36 to 70% were obtained with the highest figures related to absolute solvents. Conversely, hydrated alcohols were suitable to extract bioactive compounds, especially alkaloids, with extraction yields up to 73%. The best values of DS functionalities were obtained with the use of isopropanol, with a foaming capacity of (34 ± 2)% and stability of (57 ± 3)%; regarding emulsifying capability, the highest value was (126 ± 2) m2/g with a stability of (53 ± 4) min. CSF with a fatty acid composition similar to that of cocoa butter and DS with interesting protein functionalities were achieved, indicating that CS can be applied in food systems.

We report on the fabrication of fibers exclusively from extracellular matrix components by interfacial complexation with no use of any crosslinking agent. The obtained fibers may have different biomedical applications as they are flexible, cell adhere to and remodel them. Moreover, their stability and thickness can be finely tuned by the sulfation degree of the used glycosaminoglycans., We acknowledge EU for the financial support under Grants CytoNanoHeal (ENMed/0001/2015), H2020-TWINN-2015- 692333-CHEM2NATURE and ERC-2012-ADG-20120216-321266 for the project ComplexiTE. A.C. is grateful to CAPES (Brazil) for providing her grant BEX: 12926-13/2. DSC and IP are thankful to the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (BPD/85790/2012 and IF/00032/2013). ‡SupporLng InformaLon. The used reagents, cells and materials are described in the supporting information together with the respective experimental details. Data about optimization of the IPC fibers processing, their flexibility in a dry state and stability at physiological conditions are also provided in the supporting information., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A preocupação com a questão ambiental pode ser considerada nova quando comparada à própria existência do ser humano. Na realidade, apenas nas últimas décadas, o ser humano passou a reconhecer a necessidade de conservação do ambiente em que vive.

Machine learning has become a new hot-topic in Materials Sciences. For instance, several approaches from unsupervised and supervised learning have been applied as surrogate models to study the properties of several classes of materials. Here, we investigate, from a graph-based clustering perspective, the Quantum QM9 dataset. This dataset is one of the most used datasets in this scenario. Our investigation is two-fold: 1) understand whether the QM9 samples are organized in clusters, and 2) if the clustering structure might provide us with some insights regarding anomalous molecules, or molecules that jeopardize the accuracy of supervised property prediction methods. Our results show that the QM9 is indeed structured into clusters. These clusters, for instance, might suggest better approaches for splitting the dataset when using cross-correlation approaches in supervised learning. However, regarding our second question, our finds indicate that the clustering structure, obtained via Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES) representation, cannot be used to filter anomalous samples in property prediction. Thus, further investigation regarding this limitation should be conducted in future research.