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We consider short-range Ising spin glasses in equilibrium at infinite system size, and prove that, for fixed bond realization and a given Gibbs state drawn from a suitable metastate, each translation- and locally-invariant function (for example, self-overlaps) of a single pure state in the decomposition of the Gibbs state takes the same value for all the pure states in that Gibbs state. We describe several significant applications to spin glasses., Comment: 5 pages, 0 figures; minor edits of and additions to v.1

We propose an approach toward understanding the spin glass phase at zero and low temperature by studying the stability of a spin glass ground state against perturbations of a single coupling. After reviewing the concepts of flexibility, critical droplet, and related quantities for both finite- and infinite-volume ground states, we study some of their properties and review three models in which these quantities are partially or fully understood. We also review a recent result showing the connection between our approach and that of disorder chaos. We then view four proposed scenarios for the low-temperature spin glass phase -- replica symmetry breaking, scaling-droplet, TNT and chaotic pairs -- through the lens of the predictions of each scenario for the lowest energy large-lengthscale excitations above the ground state. Using a new concept called sigma-criticality, which quantifies the sensitivity of ground states to single-bond coupling variations, we show that each of these four pictures can be identified with different critical droplet geometries and energies. We also investigate necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of multiple incongruent ground states., Comment: 45 pages

Paraliparis hawaiiensis n.sp. is described from the north-western Hawaiian Islands from two specimens collected at 2196 and 3055 m. It differs from other North Pacific Ocean species in its chin pore arrangement, tooth pattern and body proportions. Although liparid specimens have previously been collected from Hawaii, they were undescribed and are now lost. Therefore, this is the first liparid species described from the archipelago. In situ photographs of Hawaiian snailfishes are also shown and discussed here.

Video and photographic images of snailfishes (Liparidae) collected by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, augmented by specimens collected simultaneously, were analysed. Nine species in five genera were identified, including Careproctus melanurus, Careproctus ovigerus, Careproctus longifilis, Careproctus gilberti, Careproctus filamentosus, Osteodiscus cascadiae, Nectoliparis pelagicus, Paraliparis dactylosus and Rhinoliparis barbulifer. Voucher specimens were collected of all except C. melanurus, C. gilberti and C. filamentosus. In addition, individuals of the Paraliparis 'rosaceus' species group were abundant but could not be identified to species. Many liparids were identified only to family, but an individual of a very distinctive unknown species, presumably undescribed, was videotaped. Relative abundance of C. melanurus was estimated, and several in situ snailfish behaviours are described for the first time.

For more than 60 years, the mesopelagic liparid genus Psednos was known from the holotype and paratype of a single species collected off South Africa and described in 1927. Over the last decade, examination of material from collections around the world has revealed specimens from all oceans except the South Atlantic. In this paper, we describe 10 more species of the genus from the north Atlantic and north and south Pacific Oceans. In addition, we partially describe, but do not name, three previously unknown species of which we have specimens in very poor condition and provide a provisional key to all known species. The new taxa bring the number of known Psednos species to more than 25.

Paraliparis hawaiiensis n.sp. is described from the north-western Hawaiian Islands from two specimens collected at 2196 and 3055 m. It differs from other North Pacific Ocean species in its chin pore arrangement, tooth pattern and body proportions. Although liparid specimens have previously been collected from Hawaii, they were undescribed and are now lost. Therefore, this is the first liparid species described from the archipelago. In situ photographs of Hawaiian snailfishes are also shown and discussed here.

Spin glasses are disordered magnetic systems that exhibit a variety of properties that are characteristic of “complex systems”. After a brief review of the systems themselves, I will discuss how spin glass concepts have found use in and, in some cases, further advanced areas such as computer science, biology, and other fields: what one might term “old complexity”. I will then turn to a discussion of more recent concepts and ideas that have flowed from studies of spin glasses, and using these introduce a proposal for a kind of “new complexity”.

Synchiropus phaeton: CAS 56691 (1; 98 mm SL); GHANA: 05�� 08'N, 01�� 00'W; 70 m; 3 June 1969.SAIAB 67400 (1; 117 mm SL); ANGOLA: 06�� 51'S, 11�� 50'E; 255-267 m; 23 Mar. 2002., Published as part of M. E. Anderson, D. L. Stein & H. W. Detrich, 2005, Additions to the ichthyofauna of the Tristan da Cunha Group, South Atlantic Ocean., pp. 27-33 in Zootaxa 1072 on page 28

Synchiropus goodenbeani: CAS 48051 (1; 69 mm SL); FLORIDA: 25�� 44.9'N, 80�� 04.4'W; 9 Dec. 1976., Published as part of M. E. Anderson, D. L. Stein & H. W. Detrich, 2005, Additions to the ichthyofauna of the Tristan da Cunha Group, South Atlantic Ocean., pp. 27-33 in Zootaxa 1072 on page 28

Sebastes oculatus: CAS 29887 (1; 22 mm SL); CHILE: off Valparaiso; 5-9 Feb. 1934.CAS 220224 (1; 181 mm SL); CHILE: 41�� 33'S, 73�� 01'W; 18-30 m; 16 Sept. 1967.CAS 17644 (9; 122-246 mm SL); CHILE: ELTANIN crew, 21 Sept. 1966., Published as part of M. E. Anderson, D. L. Stein & H. W. Detrich, 2005, Additions to the ichthyofauna of the Tristan da Cunha Group, South Atlantic Ocean., pp. 27-33 in Zootaxa 1072 on page 28

Sebastes sp. (Fig. 2) A single juvenile rockfish was obtained from lobstermen by Mr. James Glass at Edinburgh and donated to us for description. It differs remarkably from the only known species at Tristan, Sebastes capensis (Gmelin), by its rusty red colour without a trace of white blotches on the dorsum typical of the large subgenus Sebastomus Gill, and its lack of supraocular spines. Rocha-Olivares et al. (1999) clarified the systematics of southern hemisphere Sebastes using mitochondrial DNA sequence variation. They concluded that S. capensis was widespread across the South Atlantic with an unsampled clade in the southeastern Pacific where it overlaps the range of S. oculatus. Both these species are clearly members of subgenus Sebastomus. Almost all juvenile specimens of S. capensis from Tristan known to date have been more orangish than our specimen, with the white blotches and with supraocular spines. Mr John Hyde, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, has sequenced tissue samples of this specimen for the cytochrome b gene. He reports that out of the 1141 base pairs for the gene, 1138 match with 10 S. capensis from South Africa which he puts well within normal intraspecific variation in Sebastes and less than the difference between S. capensis and S. oculatus. Three unique nucleotide differences were found in the red specimen, suggesting along with the morphological differences, that it may represent an undescribed, cryptic species. However, Mr. Hyde reports that three nucleotide differences from one fish, with the small sample size of S. capensis, make it difficult to consider that our specimen represents a distinct species. Also, the nucleotide differences would not cause a change in the protein encoded by the gene. More specimens for confirmation are sought. Dr. Paul Tyler, Darwin Project, U. K., sent the first author several underwater photographs of Sebastes capensis and Helicolenus mouchezi from Tristan taken during dives in late 2004 at depths of 15-25 m. One (Fig. 3) is of a red individual with poorly developed dorsal blotches and with small spots reminiscent of the northeastern Pacific S. constellatus Jordan and Gilbert. Thus, it appears that S. capensis at Tristan may exist as several morphotypes, possibly including the odd specimen in Fig. 2. Counts: Vertebrae 8 + 17 = 25; D XIII, 14; A III, 6; P 18; C (branched rays) 12; gill rakers 8 + 1 + 17 + 3 pads; lateral line pores 38; pyloric caeca 9; vertical scale rows above lateral line 66; scales between lateral line and D origin 12. Head spines present: nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic, parietal, supracleithral and cleithral. Head spines absent: supraocular, coronal and nuchal. Proportions in percent SL: head length 37.7; snout length 5.9; orbit diameter 11.7; interorbital width 5.1; lacrimal width 4.6; body depth 33.0; predorsal length 29.2; preanal length 69.0; prepelvic length 38.5; caudal peduncle depth 9.1; pectoral fin length 25.2; pelvic fin length 20.4; length 4th D spine 14.7; length 2nd A spine 18.8; spinous D base 35.2; rayed D base 22.7; A base 13.8. Both jaws and branchiostegal membranes naked. Interorbital concave. Symphyseal knob weak, ventral margin evenly rounded. No dentigerous premaxillary knobs. Body colour uniformly dark rusty red without white blotches, ventral part of abdomen whitish; fin membranes reddishorange except pectoral fin which is more red; irregular, black humeral spot present. Material: SAIAB 74965 (male, 147 mm SL); Tristan da Cunha off Edinburgh; lobster trap; 50-70 m; 3-6 July 2004; J. Glass., Published as part of M. E. Anderson, D. L. Stein & H. W. Detrich, 2005, Additions to the ichthyofauna of the Tristan da Cunha Group, South Atlantic Ocean., pp. 27-33 in Zootaxa 1072 on pages 30-32

Synchiropus valdiviae (Trunov, 1981) (Fig. 1) Presently there are two classifications of dragonets, variously at odds with one another (Fricke 1982, 2002; Nakabo 1982, 1983). Although Nakabo (op. cit.) and Nakabo and Hartel (1999) placed this species in Foetorepus Whitley, we follow Fricke (2002) in placing it in Synchiropus Gill. Two adult females and three juveniles of S. valdiviae were taken in the beam trawl at station 85 just north of Nightingale Island. Originally described from a single adult male from Walvis Ridge, a second male has been discovered, and both are from the same locality (Trunov, 1981; Fricke, 1985, but not a paratype as stated). Our specimens are identified on the basis of their agreement with the two males in several characters which separate the species from other Atlantic congeners (reviewed by Nakabo and Hartel, 1999): their coloration, bowed lateral line, counts and proportions, which separate the species from other Atlantic congeners. Counts and measurements (ranges of the two adult females first, followed in parentheses by juveniles): Vertebrae 7 + 13-14 (7 + 14); D I V, 8 (IV, 8 9); A 7 (7); P 22 (21-22); pelv. I, 5 (I, 5); C ii -iii + 10 + ii (ii -iii + 10 + i -ii); gill rakers 0 + 7 (0 + 7-8); branchiostegal rays 6 (6); pseudobranch filaments 12 (6-7). Following proportions as percent SL: body width 16.8-18.3 (16.1-16.7); body depth 15.3-15.8 (14.9-15.0); caudal peduncle depth 5.9-6.5 (5.7-5.9); predorsal length 30.8-32.1 (30.7-32.1); preanal length 53.9-54.4 (52.4-52.6); caudal fin length 28.6- 30.9 (30.0- 31.2); head length 27.5-27.8 (29.6-30.4); head depth 15.1-17.1 (15.1-16.7); eye diameter 11.3-11.9 (13.1-13.3); snout length 6.5-7.4 (6.3-6.7); upper jaw length 9.7-10.1 (10.2-10.4); interorbital width 2.4-2.5 (1.5-2.2); 1st dorsal spine length 15.4-15.6 (15.3-15.4); 2nd dorsal spine length 11.1-11.9 (12.2); 3rd dorsal spine length 10.0- 0.1 (8.9); 4th dorsal spine length 6.8- 7.0 (7.0-7.1); 1st dorsal ray length 18.1-19.0 (20.5-23.2); last dorsal ray length 18.6- 19.8 (17.8-18.0); 1st anal ray length 9.2-9.4 (10.8-12.0); last anal ray length 19.3-20.0 (20.1- 23.0); 1st to 2nd dorsal distance 6.0-6.2 (6.5-7.0); 1st dorsal base 7.1-7.3 (6.5-6.7); 2nd dorsal base 30.3- 30.5 (28.4-31.3); anal base 23.2-24.0 (20.0-21.6); pectoral base depth 8.6-9.1 (7.8-8.2); pectoral fin length 21.2-21.9 (15.8-19.0); pelvic fin length 27.4-27.9 (29.2-30.7). First dorsal spine not elongate, only very slightly so in juvenile male. Lateral line distinctly bowed on body, sharply descending to midline between third and fifth dorsal rays (Trunov, 1981, shows bow extending to last ray). Anal fin origin on vertical through fourth dorsal ray, not first as stated by Trunov, but illustrated by him under third. Preopercular spine with trifid tip in all. Body reddish with yellow variegations, first dorsal fin membrane dusky except in juvenile male which has a solid black membrane except proximally. Membrane of anal fin with yellowish distal streak. Membrane of second dorsal fin with indistinct yellowish areas. Material: SAIAB 74966 (2 females, 52.7-54.5 mm SL; male, 61.6 mm SL); sta. 85/BT 44; 37�� 20.3'S, 12�� 30.0'W; 2 m beam trawl; 188-201 m; 12:59-13:11 hrs; 7 July 2004.SAIAB 74969 (2 females, 106.5-116.8 mm SL); sta. 85/BT 45; 37�� 19.2'S, 12�� 29.9'W; 2 m beam trawl; 210- 223 m; 15:29-15:50 hrs; 7 July 2004., Published as part of M. E. Anderson, D. L. Stein & H. W. Detrich, 2005, Additions to the ichthyofauna of the Tristan da Cunha Group, South Atlantic Ocean., pp. 27-33 in Zootaxa 1072 on pages 28-30

Sebastes sp. (Fig. 2) A single juvenile rockfish was obtained from lobstermen by Mr. James Glass at Edinburgh and donated to us for description. It differs remarkably from the only known species at Tristan, Sebastes capensis (Gmelin), by its rusty red colour without a trace of white blotches on the dorsum typical of the large subgenus Sebastomus Gill, and its lack of supraocular spines. Rocha-Olivares et al. (1999) clarified the systematics of southern hemisphere Sebastes using mitochondrial DNA sequence variation. They concluded that S. capensis was widespread across the South Atlantic with an unsampled clade in the southeastern Pacific where it overlaps the range of S. oculatus. Both these species are clearly members of subgenus Sebastomus. Almost all juvenile specimens of S. capensis from Tristan known to date have been more orangish than our specimen, with the white blotches and with supraocular spines. Mr John Hyde, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, has sequenced tissue samples of this specimen for the cytochrome b gene. He reports that out of the 1141 base pairs for the gene, 1138 match with 10 S. capensis from South Africa which he puts well within normal intraspecific variation in Sebastes and less than the difference between S. capensis and S. oculatus. Three unique nucleotide differences were found in the red specimen, suggesting along with the morphological differences, that it may represent an undescribed, cryptic species. However, Mr. Hyde reports that three nucleotide differences from one fish, with the small sample size of S. capensis, make it difficult to consider that our specimen represents a distinct species. Also, the nucleotide differences would not cause a change in the protein encoded by the gene. More specimens for confirmation are sought. Dr. Paul Tyler, Darwin Project, U. K., sent the first author several underwater photographs of Sebastes capensis and Helicolenus mouchezi from Tristan taken during dives in late 2004 at depths of 15-25 m. One (Fig. 3) is of a red individual with poorly developed dorsal blotches and with small spots reminiscent of the northeastern Pacific S. constellatus Jordan and Gilbert. Thus, it appears that S. capensis at Tristan may exist as several morphotypes, possibly including the odd specimen in Fig. 2. Counts: Vertebrae 8 + 17 = 25; D XIII, 14; A III, 6; P 18; C (branched rays) 12; gill rakers 8 + 1 + 17 + 3 pads; lateral line pores 38; pyloric caeca 9; vertical scale rows above lateral line 66; scales between lateral line and D origin 12. Head spines present: nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic, parietal, supracleithral and cleithral. Head spines absent: supraocular, coronal and nuchal. Proportions in percent SL: head length 37.7; snout length 5.9; orbit diameter 11.7; interorbital width 5.1; lacrimal width 4.6; body depth 33.0; predorsal length 29.2; preanal length 69.0; prepelvic length 38.5; caudal peduncle depth 9.1; pectoral fin length 25.2; pelvic fin length 20.4; length 4th D spine 14.7; length 2nd A spine 18.8; spinous D base 35.2; rayed D base 22.7; A base 13.8. Both jaws and branchiostegal membranes naked. Interorbital concave. Symphyseal knob weak, ventral margin evenly rounded. No dentigerous premaxillary knobs. Body colour uniformly dark rusty red without white blotches, ventral part of abdomen whitish; fin membranes reddishorange except pectoral fin which is more red; irregular, black humeral spot present. Material: SAIAB 74965 (male, 147 mm SL); Tristan da Cunha off Edinburgh; lobster trap; 50-70 m; 3-6 July 2004; J. Glass.

Sebastes capensis: SAIAB 33489 (1; 138 mm SL); Inaccessible Isl.; lobster trap; 27 Feb. 1989.SAIAB 74972 (1; 96 mm SL); off Nightingale Isl.; Icefish-04 sta. 85/BT45; 37�� 19.2'S, 12�� 29.9'S; 210-223 m; 7 July 2004., Published as part of M. E. Anderson, D. L. Stein & H. W. Detrich, 2005, Additions to the ichthyofauna of the Tristan da Cunha Group, South Atlantic Ocean., pp. 27-33 in Zootaxa 1072 on page 28

Synchiropus monacanthus: SAIAB 28462 (4; 82-143 mm SL); MOZAMBIQUE: So. of Maputo; Dec. 1987., Published as part of M. E. Anderson, D. L. Stein & H. W. Detrich, 2005, Additions to the ichthyofauna of the Tristan da Cunha Group, South Atlantic Ocean., pp. 27-33 in Zootaxa 1072 on page 28

Echiodon atopus Anderson, 2005 A single specimen of a previously undescribed pearlfish was taken just north of Inaccessible Island. At first identified as a rather northerly specimen of the widespread, austral Echiodon cryomargarites Markle, Williams & Olney, 1983, it differs from that species in its much higher precaudal vertebral and D30 counts, fewer anal-fin rays anterior to the dorsal-fin origin and fewer pectoral fin rays (Markle et al. 1983; Markle and Olney 1990; Anderson 2005). It appears closer to the single known specimen of E. neotes but differs in having no vexillum, more precaudal vertebrae, more dorsal rays anterior to vertebra 31 and possibly fewer pectoral rays. Counts: PCV 38; D30 46; A30 46; P 18; ARDO 7; DRAO 0; MAO 7; MDO 8; VAO 6; VDO 8. Head pores: mandibular 5; preopercular 2; infraorbital 8; supratemporal 2; supraorbital 5; lateral 3. Proportions as percent HL: body depth 48.8; bony interorbital width 13.7; eye diameter 20.3; head depth 48.8; head width 34.3; lower jaw length 52.0; upper jaw length 46.4; prepectoral length 96.4; preanal length 118.1; predorsal length 129.3; pectoral fin length 65.2; snout length 17.0; distance snout to anus 111.8. Posterior swim bladder tunic ridge ventral. Vomer with 3 moderate canines surrounded by 15 much smaller teeth. Single canine on each side in premaxilla; dentaries with two canines each. Material: USNM 380406 (holotype, male, 176 mm SL); sta. 91/OT 60; 37��16.1'S, 12�� 42.2'W; 30 ft. otter trawl; 0-139 m; 19:49-20:06 hrs; 9 July 2004., Published as part of M. E. Anderson, D. L. Stein & H. W. Detrich, 2005, Additions to the ichthyofauna of the Tristan da Cunha Group, South Atlantic Ocean., pp. 27-33 in Zootaxa 1072 on page 30

Specimens of two, possibly three, rare species of fishes were collected at the Tristan da Cunha Group toward the end of a 2004 South Atlantic cruise (ICEFISH). The dragonet Synchiropus valdiviae (Trunov, 1981), was previously known from only two adult males taken on Walvis Ridge. We collected two adult females and three juveniles, which are described here. The pearlfish Echiodon atopus Anderson, 2005, was recently described from a specimen collected north of Inaccessible Island. It differs from congeners in its high precaudal vertebral count, equivalent dorsal and anal rays anterior to vertebra 31 and other features of the axial skeleton and fins. Lastly, an unusual specimen of the rockfish genus Sebastes taken in a commercial lobster pot represents either a previously unreported variant of S. capensis or an undescribed species. It differs from the typical South Atlantic S. capensis in its coloration and lack of supraocular spines.

he concludes "l'indo-europ6en pr6sente une parent6 typologique indeniable avec l'eteocretois" (p. 262). Duhoux is respectful to those with whom he disagrees; he lists in his bibliography (pp. 263-90) no fewer than fourteen publications and a private communication of C. H. Gordon (pp. 273-75)-by far the most cited author in his book. But for this, he may have been taken to task by his colleagues, to judge from his next publication on the subject, namely, Le Lindaire A: Problemes de dechiffrement (Problems in Decipherment 49, ed. Y. Duhoux, T. G. Palaima and J. Bennet [Louvain-la-Neuve: Peeters, 1989], 59-119). This time none of Gordon's many books and articles devoted to Minoan Linear A is mentioned, and Duhoux concludes (p. 101) that though the language does not seem to be Indo-European or Semitic, it is probably Mediterranean and it would be worth delving into the languages of the Mediterranean that are neither IE nor Semitic. Such negativism and self-contradiction are tolerated by the establishment in its effort to deny the very existence of unwelcome facts. How long the comedy of denial will go on I will not venture to predict. More and more cracks are appearing in the fragile edifice of the extreme Aryan Model. Sooner or later the truth will prevail. When it does, the victory will owe much to Bernal's impressive work, which is reaching a large reading public.

Computer simulations of a "spin glass" model for the origin of biological information are discussed. Selection is found to occur among a wide diversity of possible species, and in addition competition, adaptation, and hysteresis are all exhibited.

The fluorescence decay of the rare earth terbium when bound to the protein calmodulin changes from a simple exponential decay to a complex nonexponential decay as the temperature is lowered below 200 K. We have fit the observed decay curves by assuming that the terbium emission is a forced electric dipole transition and proteins have a distribution of continuous conformational states. Quantitative fits to the data indicate that the root-mean-square configurational deviation of the atoms surrounding the terbium ion is 0.2 A, in good agreement with other measurements. We further point out that because the protein seems to undergo a glass transition yet retains configurational order at room temperature, the proper name for the physical state of a protein at room temperature is the rubber-like state.

A model for amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors predicts an intrinsic photoinduced paramagnetic band of metastable states which may absorb light and give rise to an electron spin resonance. In addition, a wide band of non-magnetic (two-particle) metastable states may be occupied, especially in doped samples. The bandwidths are evaluated and the optical spectrum is deduced in good agreement with experiment.

We compare the free energies and currents of four trial states of3He-A in spherical geometries. The spherical boojum texture is found to be energetically stable for all container radii down to R ∼46ξ, where ξ is the superfluid coherence length. Textures with line defects in the bulk will become energetically favorable below this radius.

The criteria for localisation in a model that is suitable for non-interacting electrons in an impurity band is investigated. It is shown that the critical density of impurities nc is given by ncaH13/=f(W) where aH is a measure of the range of the overlap integral between impurities, and W the diagonal disorder. The apparent discrepancy in the results of Debney and Economou and Antonio (1977) is shown to be model dependent. It is shown that an increase in W leads to an increase in nc as expected from the results of Fritzsche (1979). The case of nearest-neighbour off-diagonal disorder is one dimension is also treated.

Bathylychnops exilis is an unusual north-eastern Pacific mesopelagic fish of which adults have previously been undescribed and the biology is poorly known. Its sensory and digestive systems are highly modified. Sensory modifications include the equivalent of four functional eyes, well developed nasal rosettes, and lateral line canals up to 4 mm in diameter. Digestive adaptations include a peculiar mouth, large tongue, crumenal organ, and a large caecal stomach. Bathylychnops exilis apparently lacks an anal light organ. Ontogenetic changes occur in the morphology of the head, eyes, body, and coloration. Bathylychnops exilis eats crustaceans and may be medusae and microscopic organisms. Reproduction probably occurs in late summer. Adults occur most commonly at about 500 m depth, possibly in groups, and may be diurnal vertical migrators.

The evidence for two level systems (TLS) in compact proteins such as myoglobin is reviewed, and a model of conformational sub- states based on strongly-interacting TLS is suggested. Thermal and dynamical properties of this model are explored.