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Mitochondrial defects have been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) since complex I poisons were found to cause accelerated parkinsonism in young people in the early 1980s. More evidence of mitochondrial involvement arose when many of the genes whose mutations caused inherited PD were discovered to be subcellularly localized to mitochondria or have mitochondrial functions. However, the details of how mitochondrial dysfunction might impact or cause PD remain unclear. The aim of our study was to better understand mitochondrial dysfunction in PD by evaluating mitochondrial respiratory complex mutations in a Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) model of PD. We have conducted a targeted heterozygous enhancer/suppressor screen using Drosophila mutations within mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) genes against a null PD mutation in parkin. The interactions were assessed by climbing assays at 2-5 days as an indicator of motor function. A strong enhancer mutation in COX5A was examined further for L-dopa rescue, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial content, and reactive oxygen species. A later timepoint of 16-20 days was also investigated for both COX5A and a suppressor mutation in cyclope. Generalized Linear Models and similar statistical tests were used to verify significance of the findings. We have discovered that mutations in individual genes for subunits within the mitochondrial respiratory complexes have interactions with parkin, while others do not, irrespective of complex. One intriguing mutation in a complex IV subunit (cyclope) shows a suppressor rescue effect at early time points, improving the gross motor defects caused by the PD mutation, providing a strong candidate for drug discovery. Most mutations, however, show varying degrees of enhancement or slight suppression of the PD phenotypes. Thus, individual mitochondrial mutations within different oxidative phosphorylation complexes have different interactions with PD with regard to degree and direction. Upon further investigation of the strongest enhancer (COX5A), the mechanism by which these interactions occur initially does not appear to be based on defects in ATP production, but rather may be related to increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Our work highlights some key subunits potentially involved in mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis, implicating ETC complexes other than complex I in PD. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.]

The objective of the work was to study behavioural change of Cyclope neritea (sea snail) and Nassarius mutabilis (land snail) upon exposure to different levels of PAHs. Snail’s behaviour was translated and expressed in Behavioural State Score (BSS) where the score ranged from “0” to “5” points refers to the ascending level of locomotion of a snail. A significant difference was found in snail’s behaviour in 25.0 mg/L than in 0.5 mg/L with p value smaller than 0.01. BSS scores appear most frequent on the treatment and control group were 5 (61.5–64.5%) and 2 (41.0–45.0%), respectively. Intersex behaviour was found in all species (i.e. the same sex was grouped together) regardless of PAH concentrations. This is the first reported to study the behavioural change of snail sampled in Hong Kong area when exposed to PAHs. Further studies should be carried on the impact of snail’s behaviour exposure on each congener in the family of PAHs.

The Advent of Pictorial Narratives in the Seventh Century. In this paper— translated from chapter III of Bild und Kunst. Geschichte der Bilderzählung in der griechischen Kunst— Luca Giuliani demonstrates how Greek artists in the seventh century BC invent new processes allowing them to tell stories, whereas in the former period, the so-called geometric period, no narration was possible through images. The study concerns two cases, both of them concerning the relation between Homer and his context : how an unique vase, the relief amphora of Mykonos on the neck of which is very clearly a horse with wheels, tells the fall of Troy ; in the friezes of the same vase, no image allows an identification of the characters by name : they are anonymous Trojans, men being killed, women threatened with a weapon, children savagely executed. The adopted point of view seems that of the vanquished people, which might have been justified in a Cycladic context. The second part of the article discusses a series of vases depicting Polyphemus’ blinding ; several details differ from known versions in folktales : in many of the vases the Cyclops is shown drinking (of course, the wine used by Odysseus to make him drunk and then asleep) ; a big olive wood stake is used rather than a brooch. A third part expands the question of the relation between tale, epos and images., Dans cet article – traduit à partir du chapitre III de Bild und Kunst. Geschichte der Bilderzählung in der griechischen Kunst – Luca Giuliani montre comment les artistes grecs inventent au VIIe siècle av. J.-C. des procédés originaux qui leur permettent de raconter des histoires, alors que dans la période précédente, dite géométrique, aucun récit en images n’était possible. L’étude porte sur deux cas, tous deux concernant la relation entre Homère et son contexte : comment un vase unique, l’amphore de Mykonos à relief sur le col de laquelle on voit très nettement un cheval sur roues avec des guerriers raconte la chute de Troie ; dans les frises du même vase, aucune ne permet une identification précise des personnages : il s’agit de Troyens anonymes, hommes tués, femmes sous la menace d’une arme, enfants même sauvagement exécutés. Le point de vue des vaincus semble adopté ce qui peut s’expliquer dans le contexte cycladique. Une série de vases représentant l’épisode de l’aveuglement de Polyphème forme la deuxième partie de l’article : plusieurs détails diffèrent visiblement des versions connues des contes populaires, le fait que dans plusieurs cas le Cyclope est montré en train de boire (il s’agit évidemment du vin grâce auquel Ulysse l’enivre puis le fait dormir), le fait qu’un grand pieu d’olivier soit utilisé plutôt qu’une broche à rôtir. Une troisième partie fait la synthèse sur le conte, l’épopée et les images., Giuliani Luca, Létoublon Françoise. L’avènement des récits picturaux au VIIe siècle. In: Gaia : revue interdisciplinaire sur la Grèce Archaïque, numéro 20, 2017. Toucher le corps dans l'Antiquité. pp. 25-72.

This work is part of a study for a 3D navigation task of disabled person in virtual environment. The hardware used is an ocular command device called Cyclope which is based on the measurement and analyze of biological signals that vary with eye movements (Electro Oculo-Graphic, EOG). This paper presents a method to represent and classify EOG signal. The goal is to distinguish Ocular Command Movement which can be detected from pattern of EOG signals. Then, an adapted representation and classification of these patterns allows identifying a particular class of OCM. The proposed method extracts semi-qualitative linear episodes from biological signals. Two membership functions are implemented to transform the quantitative information in the linear episodes to a purely symbolic representation. Finally, the symbolic data is classified with qualitative similarity index.

In this contribution it is argued that the late Paul Rebeyrolle’s (1926–2005) painting Le Cyclope (1987) subtly weaves together two images of sovereignty (conceived here as ‘control over emergence’), producing a third which expresses a vision of sovereignty as grounded in creative capacity. In Rebeyrolle’s Le Cyclope, control over emergence is achieved in and through creation. As such this French painter’s work attempts to show a way out of the predominant late modern desire for and will to sovereignty which is all about the radical, relentless and unrelenting flight from law and code. Such a radical and absolute imaginary, it is argued here, is bound to strand itself in paradox, and, ultimately, in the loss of all ‘control over emergence’. The paper also explores the relevance of Rebeyrolle’s images of late modern sovereignty for ‘control society’, in particular for phenomena such as ‘edgework’ and ‘precautionary cultures’.

The prehistoric site of Franchthi Cave yielded an exceptionally rich collection of personal ornaments. A reassessment of the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ornaments from the site led to the hypothesis that a variable fraction of at least one type of personal ornaments, i.e. marine shell beads belonging to the species Cyclope neritea, may have been intentionally heated to change their natural whitish color to black. The limited conditions in which blackening can occur through heating, as well as comparison with the percentage of burnt land snails, animal bones, fish bones, and marine molluscan food remains in the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic sequence, supports a special heat treatment for Cyclope neritea shells at Franchthi Cave.

The aim of this article is to present results obtained by the “Bassin d'essais des carenes” during CYCLOPE project, which was devoted to security and lifetime of surface ships. “Le Bassin” had mainly to achieve trials with rigid and elastic beam segmented models, in order to determine the vertical bending moment. Quantitative comparison of testing campaigns shows that the two techniques give the same results, even in severe sea conditions and even though transient loadings occur. Thanks to this study, “le Bassin” has underlined particularities attached to each type of segmented model, and provides elements helping to choose between them, taking into account expected results, input data, and methodology constraints.

Confined to a single enclave for more than a decade, the nassariid gastropod Cyclope neritea has expanded its range along the NW Iberian Peninsula (NWIP) region, forming dense popu- lations in several locations. Unintended introductions from imported live shellfish seemed to be the probable vector for this recent proliferation. However, the relative proximity to the edges of the native range of this snail, together with some recent findings in areas similarly invaded by C. neritea (French Atlantic coast), raised the possibility that the species might be present in the NWIP for rea- sons other than human-mediated transfer. Moreover, it was unknown whether the recent prolifera- tion was due to new independent re-introductions or to the spread from the earlier population. To provide some insight into these questions, we utilized the mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase I (533 bp) from individuals collected in 3 localities thought to cover the current known range of the spe- cies in the NWIP. Our results strongly confirm the non-native status of C. neritea, pointing to human- induced introductions as the probable cause for its presence in the NWIP. The Veneto region (Adri- atic Sea) is the likely source for the introduced snails, while Manila clam transfers might be the major, even unique, vector of introduction, at least for the more recently settled localities. Recent indepen- dent re-introductions, rather than spread from an earlier introduction, appear to be the likely cause for the current proliferation of C. neritea within the region.

The genus Cyclope Risso, 1826 (family Nassariidae) has appeared in the fossil record since the Pliocene. Although it is still found today, the teleoconch morphology has never undergone modification, despite the fact that the protoconch morphologies of fossils (multispiral) and living forms (paucispiral) are different. They vary in their embryological and larval development and, hence, are two different species: C. migliorinii (Bevilacqua, 1928), the fossil species, and C. neritea (Linnaeus, 1758), the living species. We discuss the morphologic modifications in the evolution of this genus: the speciation that leads to its appearance and the speciation driving the Pliocene species to the living one. The order and the direction of these changes are based on phylogenetic analysis. No intermediate forms have been found showing a gradual morphological change that could have been worked by natural selection. Our analysis takes as the origin of the morphological novelties the genetic modifications in the ontogenetic processes which resulted in rapid and important phenotypic changes. Both speciation processes are sympatric cladogenetic. The changes that determine the appearance of the genus affect only the teleoconch, not the larval development. The modifications that lead from one species to the other, within the genus Cycope, affect the larval development exclusively. This points to a certain disconnection between the development of the embryo-larval phase and the young-adult formation, such that evolutionary processes could have occurred independently in different ontogenetic stages. The influence of larval ecology in relation to extinction of the ancestor and persistence of the derived species is also analysed. We hypothesize that climatic fluctuations may have affected the planktonic larvae of the fossil species, driving it to extinction. The living species, developing without the planktonic phase, would have resisted these climatic changes. We consider that the mechanisms described as drivers of the evolution of this genus can be of more general validity in prosobranch gastropods.

The cave of Cyclope is situated on the SW side of the island of Youra, 16 miles from Alonnessos. Systematic research in the cave lasted from 1992 to 1996. The upper layers, which date to the Roman period, contained mainly lamps. In the centre of the cave a Middle Neolithic stratum yielded a mass of pottery of exceptional red-on-white decoration. In cutting C, near the entrance, the upper layers belonged to Late Neolithic I (5th millennium BC) and were underlain by a thin Early and Middle Neolithic layer. Most of the deposits were Mesolithic. These layers consisted of faunal remains and thick-packed living floors in which there were ash hearths and scattered charcoal. Radiocarbon dates from these strata ranged from c. 6800 to 8500 BC. The quantity of fish bones and shells was immense in the Mesolithic levels, suggesting, in association with the variety of bone hooks, high dependance on sea resources. The presence of Mesolithic habitation on a small island in the northern Aegean demonstrates that the cave of Cyclope is the earliest site in the Aegean Sea.

A field survey to re-assess imposex and tributyltin (TBT) bioaccumulation in the gastropod Nassarius reticulatus over Galicia uncovered three populations of the invasive species Cyclope neritea, all showing some advanced imposex. One female was found to carry a mass of aborted egg capsules. The TBT pollution, now decreasing in the area, is the most likely explanation for these reproductive anomalies, and it may bear some relationship to the described population dynamics of C. neritea.

Field observations and laboratory experiments were made onCyclope neritea, a small (~10 mm diameter) burrowing stenoglossan gastropod with a flattened shell found in very high densities (>200 m2) in Paleohori Bay on the south coast of Milos (Aegean Sea).Cyclope neriteaforms a high proportion of the biomass at seeps in this bay, where the medium to fine sand overlies hot, sulphidic brines. About half the animals were found on the surface in the daytime, an exception to the normal habit of this species which usually emerges from the sediment only at night. TheC. neriteawere aggregated on the thinner bacterial mats over the seeps. In the laboratory,C. neritearemained active for 3 h at sulphide concentrations up to 1 mM, the highest concentration in the interstitial water in the upper 25 mm of sediment at the seeps. Although the species can tolerate elevated salinity and temperature, it shows little adaptation for sulphide detoxification by oxidative pathways. It may survive at the seeps by its behaviour pattern, especially the use of the extensible siphon to access oxic water above the sediment boundary layer, and perhaps by exclusion of sulphide from the tissues.Cyclope neriteaingests large quantities of sand together with adhering bacteria and diatoms, but also scavenges on other animals killed by the extreme conditions of the seeps.

Both human-mediated introductions and climatic changes may promote the settlement of species in new areas outside of their natural geographical range. To investigate the settlement of recently established populations of the neogastropod Cyclope neritea , we developed eight microsatellite markers. Their usefulness was studied in two native populations previously found to be monomorphic with mitochondrial markers. The eight loci were found to be polymorphic in both populations, with two to 18 alleles per locus. This result shows promise for these loci in studies of recently founded populations of C. neritea .

Le nom de Malika Mokeddem s’inscrit souvent sous cette rubrique que la critique a convenu de dénommer litté- rature de l’urgence . Son écriture recrée l’accouchement difficile d’une identité individuelle et collective et, pour ce faire, l’écrivaine fait appe l aux mythes clas- siques. Un premier but de cette analyse consiste à prouver comment Mokeddem contribue à la transformation des repré- sentations mythiques. Celles-ci sont asso- ciées à la présence des arts tels que la mu- sique, la peinture ou la littérature même. D’où que l’étude porte aussi sur le rap- port que Mokeddem établit entre ces moyens d’expression et les supports qui les caractérisent. Mots-clé: Cyclope; Ulysse; Méduse; iden- tité; femme; mythe. Abstract Malika Mokeddem’s name is in- scribed in that category that critics have agreed to call Literature of urgency . In this complex process of writing she recreates the birth of a personal iden tity and a collective, that of Algeria, for which the novelist ap- peals to classical myths. A first objective of this analysis is to observe from which opti- cal input from Mokeddem contributes to the transformation and survival of these mythical representations. Since the succes- sive stories myths in question are associated with the presence of other arts such as mu- sic, painting or literature itself and its ca- pacity as intertext, reflections are proposed on the links established by the novelist between these different modes of expression and media in each case the characteristic.

In a study of the digeneans parasitising molluscs in the Els Alfacs lagoon (Ebro Delta, Western Mediterranean) we found heavy infections with sporocysts emitting two types of cotylocercous cercariae in the prosobranch trochid gastropod Gibbula adansonii and with metacercariae in the prosobranch nassariid gastropod Cyclope neritea. A comparative analysis using ITS ribosomal DNA sequences from these larval stages and published sequences of 17 larval and adult opecoelid stages allowed us to elucidate the life-cycle of Macvicaria obovata and to confirm the identification of Cainocreadium labracis based on cercarial morphology. We provide molecular evidence for the identification and the first detailed morphological descriptions of the intramolluscan larval stages of the two opecoelid species as well as partial 28S rDNA sequences to aid future studies on systematic relationships within the Opecoelidae.

Many systems and data processing for 3D vision have been designed but few have targeted real-time embedded systems. We present in this article Cyclope, an original real-time embedded multi-spectral 3D vision sensor. For this, we have developed a new digital processing architecture to reconstruct the 3D information from images. This architecture conforms to embedded system constrains as power dissipation and limited resources. It's a massively-parallel architecture in a totally scalable IP to assure the compatibility with several processing schemes. This architecture has been implemented on a FPGA target and we have obtained accurate results while ensuring realtime operations.

The propargyloxydimethylsilyl enol ethers derived from propanone, 2‐butanone, 3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butanone, 3‐pentanone, 4‐methyl‐2‐pentanone, 2‐heptanone, 4‐heptanone, 2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐heptanone, cyclope...

Metallic tubes compressions in Z-current geometry were performed at the Cyclope facility from Gramat Research Center in order to study the behavior of metals under large strain at high strain rate. 3D configurations of cylinder compressions have been calculated here to benchmark the new beta version of the electromagnetism package coupled with the dynamics in Ls-Dyna and compared with the Cyclope experiments. The electromagnetism module is being developed in the general-purpose explicit and implicit finite element program LS-DYNA{reg_sign} in order to perform coupled mechanical/thermal/electromagnetism simulations. The Maxwell equations are solved using a Finite Element Method (FEM) for the solid conductors coupled with a Boundary Element Method (BEM) for the surrounding air (or vacuum). More details can be read in the references.

The paper presents the CYCLOPE control system designed and developed by Ifremer for the dynamic stabilisation of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), thanks to visual servoing. The CYCLOPE system has been designed because optical stabilisation is the more suitable solution for controlling both UUV motion and stability when performing small motions. The CYCLOPE system is a complete hardware and software system designed to be installed on-board an AUV or to be connected to an ROV surface control station, in order to perform autonomous station-keeping task. The CYCLOPE system software is based on the OPTIC/spl I.bar/DP Software/sup /spl reg// developed by Ifremer; it is used to perform the video image processing and the control computation. Prior to control computation, CYCLOPE fuses the calculated and measured visual information with the navigation data provided by the various sensors fitting the underwater vehicle.

The SAGEM Group has been involved for more than 30 years in the field of remote sensing, especially via line-scanning sensors. Today, the SAGEM Group develops and manufactures optronic sensors with spectral bandwidths ranging from ultraviolet up to long-wave infrared (LWIR). Their name is CYCLOPE. Twenty five years ago, a four-channel infrared linescanner was delivered to the French Space Agency, CNES, for remote sensing evaluation and future specification of related spaceborne system. At the same time, a version was delivered to the French Administration for maritime oil pollution monitoring. This equipment is still in use and second-generation equipment was purchased in 1995 by the French Customs. The payload is described as well as the feasibility of such payload for spaceborne applications. Design-driving parameters and technologies are discussed. Emerging technologies make it possible now to propose such systems.

The authors discuss the mine threat to be detected, the environmental factors which may affect the detection and the various functions needed for mine disposal. They then describe the optronic line scanning method. A line scanner scans laterally, i.e. transversally, only a line or a limited group of lines and needs the movement of the platform to perform scanning in the other longitudinal direction. Scanning is performed either opto-mechanically thanks to a rotating mirror or electronically by means of large linear arrays of photodetectors with integration, possibly time delay, and CCD read-out. The advantage is to avoid the redundancy of scanning the scene. The authors describe the CRECERELLE French Army UAV system comprising a CYCLOPE sensing suite of 2 line scanners. A first one operates in the visible spectral bandwidth while the second in the long wave infrared (8 to 12 microns).