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Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) as one of the most aggressive and lethal malignant tumors is correlated with increased morbidity and mortality. Tumorigenesis, growth, and metastasis are affected by various cytokines. Among them, CC chemokines can modulate the infiltration of immune cells and recruit cancer-associated immune cells, which play an important role in the inhibition of tumor immunity and affect the clinical outcome of cancer patients. However, the therapeutic potential and prognostic value of CC chemokines in PAAD have not yet been elucidated. To do this, we comprehensively explore and analyze large amounts of data on the basis of ONCOMINE database, GEPIA, LinkedOmics, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, UALCAN, jvenn, DAVID 6.8, TRRUST, TIMER, and TISIDB. We found the transcriptional levels of CCL5/7/13/15/18/19/20 in PAAD tissues were remarkably increased, whereas the transcriptional level of CCL17 was decreased. CCL20 expression had significantly been correlated with the tumor stage of PAAD patients. High expressions of CCL5, CCL7, CCL13, CCL18, and CCL20 were notably correlated with the prognosis of patients. Moreover, patients with CCL18 and CCL19 alterations showed a poor prognosis in both overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS), and patients with CCL5 and CCL15 alterations also presented a poor prognosis in OS. The functions of the aberrantly expressed CC chemokines were mainly correlated with the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, inflammatory response, and immune response. Our study shows that the key transcription factors for CC chemokines are RELA and NF-κB1. We also discovered significant associations between the expression levels of CC chemokines and six infiltrating immune cells including CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Taken together, our study indicated the interaction between CC chemokines and PAAD and clarified the value of CC chemokines as potential therapeutic targets as well as prognostic markers for PAAD.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in young adults and to explore the influence of OAB on mental health.Methods: Between October 2019 and January 2020, 14,010 anonymous questionnaires were distributed to freshmen at 2 universities in Henan, China. The students came from all over the country. The questionnaire included general items and information necessary to calculate the overactive bladder symptom score, the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score, Self-Esteem Scale (SES) score, and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score. The relationships between the prevalence of OAB and its risk factors were evaluated.Results: The overall prevalence of OAB was 6.0%, with 4.3% of participants characterized as having dry OAB and 1.7% as having wet OAB. The prevalence of mild OAB was 5.5%, and that of moderate OAB was 0.5%; no severe OAB was observed. Higher prevalence rates of OAB were found among women, respondents with constipation, and respondents with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) (P

Neuropeptides are ubiquitous intercellular signaling molecules in the CNS and play diverse roles in modulating physiological functions by acting on specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Among them, the elevenin signaling system is now believed to be present primarily in protostomes. Although elevenin was first identified from the L11 neuron of the abdominal ganglion in mollusc Aplysia californica, no receptors have been described in Aplysia, nor in any other molluscs. Here, using two elevenin receptors in annelid Platynereis dumerilii, we found three putative elevenin GPCRs in Aplysia. We cloned the three receptors and tentatively named them apElevR1, apElevR2, and apElevR3. Using an inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation assay, we demonstrated that Aplysia elevenin with the disulfide bond activated the three putative receptors with low EC50 values (ranging from 1.2 to 25 nM), supporting that they are true receptors for elevenin. In contrast, elevenin without the disulfide bond could not activate the receptors, indicating that the disulfide bond is required for receptor activity. Using alanine substitution of individual conserved residues other than the two cysteines, we showed that these residues appear to be critical to receptor activity, and the three different receptors had different sensitivities to the single residue substitution. Finally, we examined the roles of those residues outside the disulfide bond ring by removing these residues and found that they also appeared to be important to receptor activity. Thus, our study provides an important basis for further study of the functions of elevenin and its receptors in Aplysia and other molluscs.

Objectives Despite of strenuous research in the past decades, the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) still remains incredibly controversial. Previous genetic analysis has uncovered a close association of Unc-51 like kinase 4 (ULK4), a family member of Unc-51-like serine/threonine kinase, with SCZ. However, animal behavior data which may connect Ulk4 deficiency with psychiatric disorders, particularly SCZ are still missing. Methods We generated Emx1-Cre:Ulk4flox/flox conditional knockout (CKO) mice, in which Ulk4 was deleted in the excitatory neurons of cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Results The cerebral cellular architecture was maintained but the spine density of pyramidal neurons was reduced in Ulk4 CKO mice. CKO mice showed deficits in the spatial and working memories and sensorimotor gating. Levels of p-Akt and p-GSK-3α/β were markedly reduced in the CKO mice indicating an elevation of GSK-3 signaling. Mechanistically, Ulk4 may regulate the GSK-3 signaling via putative protein complex comprising of two phosphatases, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and 1α (PP1α). Indeed, the reduction of p-Akt and p-GSK-3α/β was rescued by administration of inhibitor acting on PP2A and PP1α in CKO mice. Conclusions Our data identified potential downstream signaling pathway of Ulk4, which plays important roles in the cognitive functions and when defective, may promote SCZ-like pathogenesis and behavioral phenotypes in mice.

To explore whether sense of mastery can mediate the relationship between social support and illness perception in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who were at the "Blanking Period."A cross-sectional design.405 patients with AF who were at the "Blanking Period" in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were recruited; they completed a set of questionnaires, including the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Personal Mastery Scale and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire.Social support and sense of mastery were both adversely connected to illness perception. The indirect effect of social support on illness perception through sense of mastery was negative, accounting for 86.04% of the total effect.During the "Blanking Period," better social support and sense of mastery contribute to a positive illness perception of AF patients. Social support also can influence patients' illness perception indirectly via the mediator of sense of mastery.

This study aimed to establish and validate an effective nomogram to predict the risk of cardiotoxicity in children after each anthracycline treatment. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the eligible children were randomly divided into the training cohort (75%) and the validation cohort (25%). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select the predictors and a nomogram was developed. Then, concordance index (C-index), the area under the curve (AUC), Hosmer–Lemeshow (H–L) test, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to evaluate the performance and clinical utility of nomogram. Internal validation was processed to inspect the stability of the model. A total of 796 eligible children were included in this study and divided into a training set (n = 597) and a validation set (n = 199). LASSO regression analysis revealed that cumulative anthracycline dose, ejection fractions, NT-proBNP, and diastolic dysfunction were effective predictors of cardiotoxicity. The nomogram was established based on these variables. The C-index and the AUC of the predicting nomogram were 0.818 in the training cohort and 0.773 in the validation cohort, suggesting that the nomogram had good discrimination. The calibration curve of the nomogram presented no significant deviation from the reference line, and the P-value of the H–L test was 0.283, implying a preferable degree of calibration. The threshold of DCA also reflects that the nomogram is clinically useful. A nomogram was developed to predict anthracycline chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in children with hematological tumors. The nomogram has a good prediction effect and can provide a reference for clinicians’ diagnosis and treatment.

Photo-degradation of organic pollutants is of immense importance for environmental protection. The key is low-cost photocatalysts of high efficiency. Templating approach is attractive to gain hierarchical porous photocatalysts with high surface area, while is usually stuck by the limited types of desirable templates, in particular those with sophisticated microstructures. Herein, we showed a bio-inspired templating strategy that was applied to fabricate an efficient TiO2 photocatalyst with a unique hierarchical porous structure. Taking rape-pollen grains as a typical example of bio-templates, a process combining hydrothermal treatment with calcination was developed to grow TiO2 nanoparticles of 6-14 nm on the templates and subsequently to remove the organic biotemplates. As-obtained TiO2 were micro-sized spheres or ellipsoids that were surrounded by open tubular arrays. The surface area was as large as ~175 m2/g. For photodegradation, the rape-pollen-grains-architectured TiO2 has a rate (k) of 0.150 min-1, which is 10.9 times faster than the non-templated TiO2. The superior photocatalytic activity should be ascribed to the unique hierarchical porous structures, which provided interconnected channels for efficient mass transport and a large surface area for fast reaction. Our work demonstrates an effective method, namely bioinspired templating, for the scalable synthesis of efficient photocatalysts. Considering the structural diversity of pollen grains, this work may inspire others on the research of photo-response materials that rely on morphology optimization.

Abstract: Lipid metabolism is a complex process that includes lipid uptake, transport, synthesis, and degradation. Trace elements are vital in maintaining normal lipid metabolism in the human body. This study explores the relationship between serum trace elements and lipid metabolism Methods: In this study, we reviewed articles on the relationship between alterations in somatic levels of zinc, iron, calcium, copper, chrome, manganese, selenium, and lipid metabolism. In this systematic review and mate-analysis, databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang was searched for articles on the relationship published between January 1, 1900, and July 12, 2022. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager5.3 (Cochrane Collaboration). Results: No significant association was found between serum zinc and dyslipidemia, while other serum trace elements (Iron, selenium, copper, chromium, and manganese) were associated with hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: The present study suggested that the human body's zinc, copper, and calcium content may be related to lipid metabolism. However, findings on lipid metabolism and Iron, Manganese have not been conclusive. In addition, the relationship between lipid metabolism disorders and selenium levels still needs to be further studied. Further research is needed on treating lipid metabolism diseases by changing trace elements.

Heterobasidion annosum is one of the most aggressive pathogens of Pinus forests in Europe, causing considerable economic losses. To detect H. annosum for disease diagnosis and control, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction with a primer set designed from the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) DNA sequences of H. annosum. In our study, this LAMP assay was found to be capable of efficiently amplifying the target gene within 60 min at 63°C. In specificity tests, H. annosum was positively detected, and other species were negative. The detection limit of this assay was found to be 100 pg·μL-1, and the assay was also successfully tested for use with basidiospore suspensions and wood samples. This study provides a rapid method for diagnosing root and butt rot caused by H. annosum, which will be of use in port surveillance of logs imported from Europe.

Supplementary Figure S1. Expression and activation of YAP and other Hippo Pathway factors in CD4+ T cell subsets; Supplementary Figure S2. Characterization of the baseline immune profile of T cell-specific YAP-deficient mice; Supplementary Figure S3. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of lung, kidney, liver, small intestine and stomach sections from 21-day-old wild-type and YAPcKO mice; Supplementary Figure S4. The effect on iTreg generation under optimal TGFβ concentration; Supplementary Figure S5. Treg-specific YAP deficiency slows the growth of implanted MC38-colon tumors and boosts anti-tumor immunity; Supplementary Figure S6. Treg-specific YAP deficiency slows the growth of implanted EL4 thymomas and boosts anti-tumor immunity; Supplementary Figure S7. The effect of YAP inhibition monotherapy and combinational immunotherapy treatments on the immune constituents of the tumor microenvironment; Supplementary Figure S8. Correlation of gene expression in stimulated wild-type and YAP cKO derived Tregs; Supplementary Figure S9. Both Activin A and its receptor (ACVR1c) are upregulated during the course of iTreg differentiation; Supplementary Figure S10. Effect of AcVR1c deficiency on iTreg differentiation; Supplementary Figure S11. Supplemental Activin fails to rescue iTreg generation when SMAD2/3 levels are lacking; Supplementary Figure S12. Effects of GM-Vac and Anti-Activin treatment on B16 tumor progression in Wild Type and AcVR1c KO mice; Supplementary Figure S13. A model for YAP-mediated TGFβ/SMAD signaling enhancement

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical for maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, but their suppressive function can impede effective antitumor immune responses. FOXP3 is a transcription factor expressed in Tregs that is required for their function. However, the pathways and microenvironmental cues governing FOXP3 expression and Treg function are not completely understood. Herein, we report that YAP, a coactivator of the Hippo pathway, is highly expressed in Tregs and bolsters FOXP3 expression and Treg function in vitro and in vivo. This potentiation stemmed from YAP-dependent upregulation of activin signaling, which amplifies TGFβ/SMAD activation in Tregs. YAP deficiency resulted in dysfunctional Tregs unable to suppress antitumor immunity or promote tumor growth in mice. Chemical YAP antagonism and knockout or blockade of the YAP-regulated activin receptor similarly improved antitumor immunity. Thus, we identify YAP as an unexpected amplifier of a Treg-reinforcing pathway with significant potential as an anticancer immunotherapeutic target.Significance: Tregs suppress antitumor immunity, and pathways supporting their function can be novel immunotherapy targets. Here, the selective expression of YAP by Tregs, its importance for their function, and its unexpected enhancement of pro-Treg Activin/SMAD signaling are reported, as are validations of potential cancer-fighting antagonists of YAP and its regulatory targets. Cancer Discov; 8(8); 1026–43. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 899

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with multi-flagella, strain RST, was isolated from bacterial wilt of tobacco in Yuxi city of Yunnan province, China. The strain contains the major fatty acids of C16:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c). The polar lipid profile of strain RST consists of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unidentified aminophospholipid. Strain RST contains ubiquinones Q-7 and Q-8. 16S rRNA gene sequence (1,407 bp) analysis showed that strain RST is closely related to members of the genus Ralstonia and shares the highest sequence identities with R. pseudosolanacearum LMG 9673T (99.50%), R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis LMG 27703T (99.50%), R. solanacearum LMG 2299T (99.28%), and R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis LMG 27706T (99.21%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence identities between strain RST and other members of the genus Ralstonia were below 98.00%. Genome sequencing yielded a genome size of 5.61 Mbp and a G + C content of 67.1 mol%. The genomic comparison showed average nucleotide identity (ANIb) values between strain RST and R. pseudosolanacearum LMG 9673T, R. solanacearum LMG 2299T, and R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis UQRS 627T of 95.23, 89.43, and 91.41%, respectively, and the corresponding digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values (yielded by formula 2) were 66.20, 44.80, and 47.50%, respectively. In addition, strains belonging to R. solanacearum phylotype I shared both ANIb and dDDH with strain RST above the species cut-off values of 96 and 70%, respectively. The ANIb and dDDH values between the genome sequences from 12 strains of R. solanacearum phylotype III (Current R. pseudosolanacearum) and those of strain RST were below the species cut-off values. Based on these data, we concluded that strains of phylotype I, including RST, represent a novel species of the genus Ralstonia, for which the name Ralstonia nicotianae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ralstonia nicotianae sp. nov. is RST (=GDMCC 1.3533T = JCM 35814T).

Hyperbranched polysaccharides (HBPSs) are the main components in cell wall and exopolysaccharide (EPS) of Pleurotus tuber-regium. To enhance the yield of these macromolecules, corn oil at 4% addition exhibited the best effect for production of mycelial biomass at 20.49 g/L and EPS at 0.59 g/L, which was 2.56 folds and 1.90 folds of the control, respectively. The treated hyphae were much thicker with smooth surface, while its cell wall content (43.81 ± 0.02%) was 1.96 times of the control (22.34 ± 0.01%). Moreover, a large number of lipid droplets could be visualized under the view of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RNA-seq analysis revealed that corn oil could enter the cells and result in the up-regulation of genes on cell morphology and membrane permeability, as well as the down-regulation on expression level of polysaccharide hydrolase and genes involved in the MAPK pathway, all of which probably contribute to the increase of polysaccharides production.

Dysfunction of the cingulo-frontal-parietal (CFP) cognitive attention network has been associated with the pathophysiology of chronic low back pain (cLBP). However, the direction of information processing within this network remains largely unknown. We aimed to study the effective connectivity among the CFP regions in 36 cLBP patients and 36 healthy controls by dynamic causal modeling (DCM). Both the resting-state and task-related (Multi-Source Interference Task, MSIT) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected and analyzed. The relationship between the effective connectivity of the CFP regions and clinical measures was also examined. Our results suggested that cLBP had significantly altered resting-state effective connectivity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC)-to-mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) (increased) and MCC-to-left superior parietal cortex (LPC) (decreased) pathways as compared with healthy controls. MSIT-related DCM suggested that the interference task could significantly increase the effective connectivity of the right superior parietal cortex (RPC)-to-PFC and RPC-to-MCC pathways in cLBP than that in healthy controls. The control task could significantly decrease the effective connectivity of the MCC-to-LPC and MCC-to-RPC pathways in cLBP than that in healthy controls. The endogenous connectivity of the PFC-to-RPC pathway in cLBP was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. No significant correlations were found between the effective connectivity within CFP networks and pain/depression scores in patients with cLBP. In summary, our findings suggested altered effective connectivity in multiple pathways within the CFP network in both resting-state and performing attention-demanding tasks in patients with cLBP, which extends our understanding of attention dysfunction in patients with cLBP.

Aiming at the problem of silo design, the silo ejector model and ejector function were proposed. The properties of the static pressure matching function were studied. The critical conditions were a...

The λ-shape dielectric anomaly follows the Curie–Weiss law with a 105.8-fold change at a frequency of 500 Hz. The spontaneous polarization of TATC can reach 1.4 μC cm−2. The TATC crystal has a 4.03 eV indirect bandgap.

Chronic non-healing wounds have posed a severe threat to patients mentally and physically. Behavior dysregulation of remaining cells at wound sites is recognized as the chief culprit to destroy healing process and hinders wound healing. Therefore, regulating and restoring normal cellular behavior is the core of chronic non-healing wound treatment. In recent years, the therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has become a promising option for chronic wound healing and the efficacy has increasingly been attributed to their exocrine functions. Small extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs (MSC-sEVs) are reported to benefit almost all stages of wound healing by regulating the cellular behavior to participate in the process of inflammatory response, angiogenesis, re-epithelization, and scarless healing. Here, we describe the characteristics of MSC-sEVs and discuss their therapeutic potential in chronic wound treatment. Additionally, we also provide an overview of the application avenues of MSC-sEVs in wound treatment. Finally, we summarize strategies for large-scale production and engineering of MSC-sEVs. This review may possibly provide meaningful guidance for chronic wound treatment with MSC-sEVs.

BackgroundThe immune activation caused by microbial translocation has been considered to be a major driver of HIV infection progression. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been demonstrated in HIV infection, but the interplay between gut microbiota and its metabolites in the pathogenesis of HIV is seldom reported.MethodsWe conducted a case-controlled study including 41 AIDS patients, 39 pre-AIDS patients and 34 healthy controls. Both AIDS group and pre-AIDS group were divided according to clinical manifestations and CD4 + T cell count. We collected stool samples for 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis, and examined immune activation and microbial translocation for blood samples.ResultsThe pre-AIDS and AIDS groups had higher levels of microbial translocation and immune activation. There were significant differences in gut microbiota and metabolites at different stages of HIV infection. Higher abundances of pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogen, as well as lower abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria and bacteria with anti-inflammatory potential were associated with HIV severity. The metabolism of tryptophan was disordered after HIV infection. Lower level of anti-inflammatory metabolites and phosphonoacetate, and higher level of phenylethylamine and polyamines were observed in HIV infection. And microbial metabolic pathways related to altered metabolites differed. Moreover, disrupted metabolites contributed by altered microbiota were found to be correlated to microbial translocation and immune activation.ConclusionsMetabolites caused by dysbiosis of gut microbiota and related metabolic function are correlated to immune activation and microbial translocation, suggesting that the effect of microbiota on metabolites is related to intestinal barrier disruption in HIV infection.

In an attempt to search for new natural product-based antitumor agents, a series of novel thiazolidinone derivatives of dehydroabietic acid-based B ring-fused-thiazole were designed and synthesized. The primary antitumor tests showed that compounds 5m exhibited almost the best inhibitory activity against the tested cancer cells. The computational study suggested NOTCH1, IGF1R, TLR4, and KDR were the core targets of the title compounds, and the IC50 of SCC9 and Cal27 is strong correlation with the binding ability of TLR4 and compounds.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Midwifery services are a cornerstone of maternal care but the trait creativity of midwifery students is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess trait creativity among midwives in Taizhou, China. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey among midwives was conducted from July 20 to August 10, 2022. Trait creativity was assessed using the Williams Creativity Assessment Packet. RESULTS: A total of 300 survey respondents were studied. The mean scores for the imagination dimension (p=0.032) and the risk-taking dimension (p=0.049) differed across major groups. We further compared the scores of trait creativity dimensions after excluding male participants. Midwifery students only scored lower on the specific imagination dimension (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: The imagination level of midwifery students certainly deserves further attention. Education workers should pay more attention to the imagination of midwifery students.

We reported an experimental and theoretical study on the promotion role of F doping in the improved catalytic performance of fluorinated graphene(F-GO) for ammonium perchlorate (AP) pyrolysis. F-GO was prepared by using graphite oxide (GO) as carbon sources and CF3COOH as fluorinating agent. Compared with other samples, the F-GO-180 with the highest F doping amounts, more C-F semi-ionic and C-F covalent bond amounts exhibit superior catalytic performance, as 10 wt% of catalyst added in AP, the exothermic peak temperature proceeded in just one step was even lower than the HTD peak temperature for pure AP and the released apparent specific heat of the thermal decomposition of AP catalyzed by F-GO-180 is 4261.2 J/g, which is almost sevenfold of that of pure AP (603.5 J/g). The doping of F atoms in graphene increased surface defects and the content of C-F semi-ionic and C-F covalent bond amounts of F-GO, which provided more active sites during the thermal decomposition of AP. The molecular simulation calculation results further confirmed that the F doping could react with the defect structure of graphene to form more C-F semi-ionic and C-F covalent bond, which could act as catalytic active sites and facilitate the electron transfer ability of the graphene to promote the formation of free radicals in the reaction.

Fatty acid biosynthesis is essential for bacterial survival. Of these promising targets, β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III (FabH) is the most attractive target. A series of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione derivatives containing 1,4-benzodioxane skeleton targeting FabH were designed and synthesized. These compounds were determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and further confirmed by crystallographic diffraction study for compound 7m and 7n. Most of the compounds exhibited good inhibitory activity against bacteria by computer-assisted screening, antibacterial activity test and E. coli FabH inhibitory activity test, wherein compounds 7e and 7q exhibited the most significant inhibitory activities. Besides, compound 7q showed the best E. coli FabH inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.45 μΜ). Computational docking studies also showed that compound 7q interacts with FabH critical residues in the active site.

The natural metal nickel (Ni) can be found in the air, water, sediment, and soil. Although epidemiological research and experimental data have shown that nickel is linked to lung cancer, the precise mechanism of nickel carcinogenesis is unclear. We investigated whether Ni-refining fumes stimulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and caused the Warburg effect in Beas-2B cells, then if aspirin could protect the cells. The findings demonstrated that Beas-2B cells were significantly toxicated by Ni-refining fumes. With the increase of Ni-refining fumes concentration, the proteins and mRNAs level of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were significantly increased and Warburg effect-related proteins: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), monocarborxylat transporter 1 (MCT1) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) also increased significantly. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity was reduced and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was increased. When given the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor XAV-939, Warburg effect-related proteins expression can be inhibited. Aspirin at various concentrations could improve the relative viability of cells exposed to nickel refining fumes, with 2.5 mmol/L aspirin providing the most significant protection (P

Piperis Longi Fructus, made from the mature and immature fruit spikes of Piper longum, is a commonly used Mongolian medicine. In recent years, researchers have gradually deepened the research on ethnic medicines and found that Piperis Longi Fructus has significant effects in adjusting blood lipids and anti-cancer. Its new chemical components and pharmacological activities are also constantly updated. Subsequently, the development and application of Piperis Longi Fructus have attracted extensive attention. Thus, it is quite urgent to establish and improve a quality evaluation system for the medicine. On the basis of summarizing the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Piperis Longi Fructus and understanding the new concept of quality marker(Q-marker), the components which can be used as its Q-markers were analyzed from the aspects of the genetic relationship, traditional medicinal effects and properties, rules of compounding and compatibility, absorbed components and testability. The research can provide reference for the establishment of a quality evaluation system for Piperis Longi Fructus.

African wild suids consist of several endemic species that represent ancient members of the family Suidae and have colonized diverse habitats on the African continent. However, limited genomic resources for African wild suids hinder our understanding of their evolution and genetic diversity. In this study, we assembled high-quality genomes of a common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), a red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus), as well as an East Asian Diannan small-ear pig (Sus scrofa). Phylogenetic analysis showed that common warthog and red river hog diverged from their common ancestor around the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, putatively predating their entry into Africa. We detected species-specific selective signals associated with sensory perception and interferon signaling pathways in common warthog and red river hog, respectively, which contributed to their local adaptation to savannah and tropical rainforest environments, respectively. The structural variation and evolving signals in genes involved in T-cell immunity, viral infection, and lymphoid development were identified in their ancestral lineage. Our results provide new insights into the evolutionary histories and divergent genetic adaptations of African suids.

Diabetes mellitus is a common global public health problem that can cause serious illness and premature death. Diabetic foot ulcer, one of the complications of diabetes, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is associated with many other devastating complications. Previous study found that a group of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be used for treating diabetic foot ulcers. More and more attention is being paid to the use of Chinese medicine to heal diabetic feet. Under the guidance of relevant theories of traditional Chinese medicine, more studies are needed to reveal the key active components and related signal pathways of TCM in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. One clinical study explored the treatment of diabetic foot with infection combined moist exposed burn ointment with Jinhuang powder. However, large-scale multi-center, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials and animal studies are necessary to establish the effectiveness of Jinhuang powder in the treatment of diabetic foot.

Polysaccharides were recovered from red grape pomace by hot water extraction and then subjected to deproteinization, decolorization, fractionization, and characterization. The extraction process conferred a crude polysaccharide yield of 8.45 % (w/w) and the highest decolorization rate of 63.12 % was obtained by soaking the crude polysaccharide solution with 0.20 g/mL HPD-300 macroporous resin for 3 h. Separation with the anionic DEAE Fast Flow column generated four fractions, which were negatively charged according to zeta potential measurement. All the fractions contained uronic acid and their weight-average molecular weights were within the range 2 × 106–4 × 106 Dal. The most abundant fraction GPP-3 was composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose in molar ratio 8.05:1.37:2.85:1.30:7.81 and rhamnose was also present according to FTIR and NMR analysis. AFM observation revealed that aggregation occurred in GPP-3, while the Congo red and β-elimination tests indicated the existence of triple helix and -O- linkage in the fraction. Hence, red grape pomace is a potential source of water-soluble polysaccharides and their bioactivity needs further study.

To compare the curative effect of microscopic revascularization and apexification in the treatment of pulp necrosis of permanent teeth.Seventy-five cases of pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth were divided into two groups according to different treatment methods. Group A (n=30) underwent revascularization under microscope, while group B (n=45) underwent apexification. The treatment effect and pain improvement of the two groups were compared. The changes of the wall thickness and root canal length of the affected teeth before and after treatment were observed, and the bone-like deposition rate after treatment was recorded. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.There was no significant difference in the length of root canal between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05); there was no significant difference in the length of root canal in group B before and after treatment (P＞0.05); the length of root canal in group A was significantly longer than that in group B 6 months after treatment(P＜0.05). There was no significant change in the thickness of root canal wall in group B before and after treatment (P＞0.05). The thickness of root canal in group A was significantly higher than that in group A 6 months after treatment (P＜0.05). Bone-like deposition rate of group A was significantly higher than that of group B 1 month and 6 months after treatment (P＜0.05). The total effective rate of group A and B was 90.00% and 84.44%, the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The cure rate of group A was 70.00%, which was significantly higher than that of group B (48.89%, P＜0.05).Microscopic revascularization for pulp necrosis of young permanent teeth can effectively promote root development, lengthen root canal and increase the thickness of canal wall, which is better than apexification.

China is a country in which frequent natural disasters occur, but there is a lack of disaster education in Chinese institutions of higher education. Nursing students should receive disaster and emergency training in addition to their professional medical training.Our study aimed to investigate the current situation and disaster knowledge and training needs of nursing students and to increase the disaster first aid knowledge of college nursing students.This was a cross-sectional study.The study took place at Taizhou University in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.Participants were 443 full-time undergraduate nursing students at Taizhou University in China.This cross-sectional survey included a general questionnaire and an undergraduate nursing student disaster nursing ability questionnaire.The survey results were from the first to the third year of study. Students were age 20 to 23 years, with an average age of 20.57±1.85 years. The largest group (35.44%) was made up of juniors. The scores of 3 dimensions of this survey were: dimension of physical and mental quality dimension (3.76 ± 0.71), theoretical system dimension (3.00 ± 0.57) and practical competencies dimension (2.89 ± 0.68). The ability to adapt to rescue needs at the disaster site and whether or not the student had heard of the term "disaster nursing" is the dominant factor affecting the disaster nursing skills of undergraduate nursing students.The disaster relief of male undergraduate nursing student seniors is more positive and their physical and mental quality is better than female nursing students, but knowledge of disaster prevention and practical capability in disaster relief remain weak and there is a lack of a corresponding theoretical system and competence in practical knowledge and skills. It is recommended that systematic disaster nursing education at universities be improved. Knowledge of disaster rescue should be taught systematically to improve awareness of disaster procedures and response and improve the level of practical skills in disaster rescue. We should learn from the educational approach and models of disaster nursing training in developed countries in order to establish a disaster nursing education model in China.

Objective To understand the temporal and spatial trend of viral hepatitis incidence in China and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis. Method Data on viral hepatitis reported in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (excluding Macau Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan Province) from 2007 to 2019 were collected. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) were used to analyze the temporal trend of viral hepatitis. The spatial trend analysis, global spatial autocorrelation, and local spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze the spatial trend of viral hepatitis. Results The AAPC of incidence of viral hepatitis in China from 2007 to 2015 showed a downward trend (AAPC2007 − 2019 = -1.4; 95% CI: 2.5, 0.3; P 2007 − 2015 = -2.51%; 95% CI: -3.6, -1.4; P 2015 − 2019 = 0.75%; 95% CI: -2.5, 4.1; P = 0.608). The average incidence rate of viral hepatitis showed a spatial trend of high in the south and low in the north, and high in the west and low in the east. The global spatial autocorrelation from 2007 to 2019 was positive (Moran's I > 0, P

A bacterial strain, Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, designated YIM B00624

To identify the effect of solvents and anthracene on the purification of carbazole, the solvent crystallization of carbazole was investigated with xylene, chlorobenzene and tetrachloroethylene (TCE) as solvents under two forced circulation cooling (FCC) modes. The co-crystalline experimental data were obtained from runs carried out at different anthracene levels between 1% (mass) and 10% (mass). The results showed that a uniform flake carbazole crystal obtained when using xylene and chlorobenzene under the FCC-1 mode with gradual cooling rate. Nevertheless, fine flake crystals grown under shock cooling of FCC-2 mode. It is beneficial to improving the purity of carbazole with chlorobenzene as solvent under cooling mode of FCC-1. Anthracene could promote the growth of carbazole in solution, and it has a significant influence on the purification of carbazole.

Panax notoginseng is an important traditional medicinal plant, but the commercial value is threatened by root-rot disease caused by rhizosphere microbes and a potential health risk caused by plant arsenic (As) accumulation. Whether rhizospheric microbes isolated from P. notoginseng rhizosphere soil could impact As uptake and transport into P. notoginseng is not yet known. Among the three root-rot disease-causing pathogens Fusarium flocciferum (PG 1), Fusarium oxysporum (PG 2), and Fusarium solani (PG 3) and one root-rot disease biocontrol fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis (FC 1) and five biocontrol-exerting bacterial species Bacillus siamensis (BC 1), Delftia acidovorans (BC 2), Brevibacillus formosus (BC 3), Mortierella alpine (BC 4), and Bacillus subtilis (BC 5), one As-resistant pathogen and four biocontrol microorganisms with As-resistant ability were identified. The As-transforming ability of the identified fungi and bacteria was ranked in the order of FC 1 > PG 1 and BC 2 > BC 3 > BC 1, respectively. Then, the As-resistant biocontrol and pathogenic microbes were initiated to colonize the rhizosphere of 1-year-old P. notoginseng seedlings growing in artificially As(V)-contaminated soil to evaluate the impact of microbe inoculation on P. notoginseng As uptake and transport capacity. Concentration of As in P. notoginseng tissues decreased in the order of the sequence stem > root > leaf. Compared to treatment without colonization by microorganism, inoculation with microorganisms increased As root uptake efficiency and root As concentration, especially under treatment of inoculation by BC 2 and PG 1 + BC 2. As transport efficiency from root to stem decreased by inoculation with microorganism, especially under treatment with inoculation of BC 2 and PG 1 + BC 2. However, the impact of microorganism colonization on As stem to leaf transport efficiency was not obvious. In summary, inoculation with rhizosphere microbes may increase As accumulation in P. notoginseng root, especially when using bacteria with high As transformation ability. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the As transformation capacity before applying biological control microorganism to the rhizosphere of P. notoginseng.

BACKGROUND Colorectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare disease, and only a few cases have been reported to date. It has no specific clinical presentations and shows various endoscopic appearances. There is no uniform consensus on its treatment. With the advancement of endoscopic technology, endoscopic treatment has achieved better results in individual case reports of early-stage patients. CASE SUMMARY We report a case of rectal MALT in a 57-year-old Chinese man with no symptoms who received endoscopy as part of a routine physical examination, which incidentally found a 25 mm × 20 mm, laterally spreading tumor (LST)-like elevated lesion in the rectum. Therefore, he was referred to our hospital for further endoscopic treatment. Complete and curable removal of the tumor was performed by endoscopic submucosal dissection. We observed enlarged and dilated branch-like vessels similar to those of gastric MALT lymphoma on magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging. And immunopathological staining showed hyperplastic capillaries in the mucosa. Histopathological findings revealed diffusely hyperplastic lymphoid tissue in the lamina propria, with a visible lymphoid follicle structure surrounded by a large number of diffusely infiltrated lymphoid cells that had a relatively simple morphology and clear cytoplasm. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis suggested strongly positive expression for CD20 and Bcl-2. Gene rearrangement results showed positivity for IGH-A, IGH-C, IGK-B, and IGL. Taking all the above findings together, we arrived at a diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT lymphoma. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination showed no other lesions involved. The patient will be followed by periodic endoscopic observation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we report a case of rectal MALT with an LST-like appearance treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Further studies will be needed to explore the clinical behavior, endoscopic appearance, and treatment of rectal MALT.

Undergraduate, professional education in midwifery is essential. Teaching professional knowledge while guiding students to develop positive career values is one of the tasks of midwifery educators. Studies in China have shown that the stronger the ego-identity of students, the stronger their professional identities will be.The study intended to investigate the occupational self-efficacy and ego-identity of midwifery students, to analyze the correlation between the two characteristics, and to explore the factors influencing their occupational self-efficacy.The research team designed a cross-sectional survey.The study took place at Taizhou University in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.Participants were 232 full-time, undergraduate, midwifery students at the university. Selection of participants occurred between November 2018 and December 2018.The cross-sectional survey included a demographic questionnaire, a career self-efficacy questionnaire, and a ego-identity status..For the students: (1) the mean career self-efficacy of the midwifery students was 3.34 ± 0.58, at a moderate level; (2) the mean overall ego-identity score was 47.44 ± 5.92; 189 (81.47%) of students were those who hadn't yet formed a ego-identity (identity-diffusion status). The multiple gradual regression showed that present self-engagement; per-capita, monthly household income; and midwifery as the first choice of major were the main factors affecting the self-efficacy of midwifery students.The occupational self-efficacy and ego-identity of midwifery students urgently need improvement, and ego-identity has a predictive value for occupational self-efficacy.