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Background: Uses and traditional knowledge (TK) are essential for the protection and management of natural resources. There are extensive records of traditional uses involving mainly vascular plants, while for mosses are scarce. This study documents the TK and uses of Dendropogonella rufescens in San Juan Luvina, Oaxaca, Mexico. Questions: For what purpose and how D. rufescens is used in San Juan Luvina? Can TK provide ecological information for this species? How is TK maintained among the members of the community? Studied species: Dendropogonella rufescens (Schimp.) Britt. (Bryophyta). Study site and dates: San Juan Luvina, Oaxaca, Mexico. March 2020. Methods: We conducted interviews with inhabitants from three age categories (15-41, 42-68, and 69-95 years). Interviews included questions about the length of time the community has used the plant, harvesting practices, traditional use per se , and plant recycling after traditional use. Results: Results include historical information about the use of the plant and TK grouped in seven categories (ceremonial, construction, craft, environmental, fuel, medicinal, and ornamental). These results include new reports of TK of bryophytes in Mexico. Conclusions: For the uses and TK reported, D. rufescens is essential for the cultural identity of the community of San Juan Luvina. D. rufescens TK could use to develop conservation strategies for bryophytes. As our findings suggest, TK and uses of bryophytes should be recorded because they are likely to disappear.

El primer análisis filogenético de Cryphaeaceae (Bryophyta), una familia de musgos pleurocárpicos, se lleva a cabo sobre la base de caracteres morfológicos. El conjunto de datos consta de 73 caracteres: 10 continuos y 63 discretos. El muestreo de taxa incluye 9 géneros y 46 especies de Cryphaeaceae, 32 especies pertenecientes a Cryphaea. El grupo externo, incluye 23 especies de 21 géneros y 13 familias de musgos pleurocarpous. Los análisis filogenéticos se realizaron utilizando parsimonia bajo pesos implicados. Los resultados no apoyan la monofilia de Cryphaeaceae ya que excluye a Dendroalsia abietina de la familia. El clado compuesto por los géneros restantes (clado A) fue diagnosticado por una seta corta (0,26-0,30 mm), costa presente en todas las hojas periqueciales internas, opérculo cónico y hojas adpresas al estado seco. Los análisis además recuperaron Cryphaea como parafilético y Dendrocryphaea como polifilético. Cryphaea incluye Schoenobryum concavifolium, Cyptodontopsis leveillei, y Dendrocryphaea lamyana que se separaron de las otras especies de Dendrocryphaea. El mapeo de caracteres reveló que, como consecuencia de la ubicación inesperada de especies cruciales, la diagnosis debería ser considerablemente modificada. The first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Cryphaeaceae (Bryophyta), a pleurocarpic moss family, is conducted on the basis of morphological characters. The data set comprised 73 characters: 10 continuous and 63 discrete. Taxon sampling involved nine genera and 46 species of Cryphaeaceae, 32 species belonging to Cryphaea. Outgroup sampling included 23 species from 21 genera and 13 families of pleurocarpous mosses. The phylogenetic analyses were conducted using parsimony as the optimality criterion following an implied weighting approach. The results did not support the monophyly of Cryphaeaceae as it excluded Dendroalsia abietina from the family. The clade composed of the remaining genera (clade A) was diagnosed by a short seta (0.26-0.30 mm), costa present throughout the innermost perichaetial bract, conical operculum and appressed leaves in dry condition. The analyses furthermore recovered Cryphaea as paraphyletic and Dendrocryphaea as polyphyletic. Cryphaea included Schoenobryum concavifolium, Cyptodontopsis leveillei, and Dendrocryphaea lamyana which were thereby separated from the other species of Dendrocryphaea. Character mapping revealed that, as a consequence of the unexpected placement of crucial species, diagnosis should be considerably modified. Fil: Flores, Jorge Rafael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina Fil: Catalano, Santiago Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina Fil: Suarez, Guillermo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina

Cryphaea consimilis (Cryphaeaceae, Bryophyta), new record for Argentina. Cryphaea consimilis Mont. (Cryphaeaceae, Bryophyta) is recordered for the first time for Argentina, extending its distribution within the subantarctic forests. A brief description, discussion, distribution map and illustration of the species are provided. A lectotype for this species is here designated.

Redescripción del género Cryphidium (Cryphaeaceae, Bryophyta), con notas sobre su taxonomía. Cryphidium leucocoleum (Mitt.) A. Jaeger es un miembro de Cryphaeaceae, una familia de musgos predominantemente pleurocárpicos. El hallazgo de esta especie, con posición taxonómica muy discutida, en la Región Pampeana nos permitió llevar a cabo un estudio meticuloso acerca de su taxonomía y morfología. Como resultado, se presenta la primera descripción e ilustración completa de la especie. Adicionalmente, la identidad nomenclatural de otras especies es definida.

The nine species and two varieties of Schoenobryum reported for Africa were investigated, and no characters were found that uniquely identified any of the taxa to be other than the pantropical Schoenobryum concavifolium . The following nine names become new synonyms of S. concavifolium : Cryphaea madagassa , C. subintegra , Acrocryphaea robusta , A. latifolia , A. subrobusta , A. tisseranti i, A. latifolia var. microspora , A. plicatula and A. subintegra var. idanreense ; a lectotype is selected for Acrocryphaea latifolia var. microspora P.de la Varde.

Acrocryphaea paraguensis Besch. in J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 342. 1891. Ξ Schoenobryum paraguense (Besch.) Manuel in Bryologist 80: 523. 1977. Type citation. – “Caraguazu, sur les arbres, janvier, Balansa 3628 ”. Type specimens. – Syntypes: Caaguazu, sur tronc des arbres, janvier 1882, Balansa 3628 (G [1885], G00040482; Herb. Boiss., G00040481; Herb. Boiss., G00040483; Herb. DC. [1884], G00040484). Type designation. – Type designation not indicated in MANUEL (1977)., Published as part of Price, Michelle J., 2012, Catalogue of the Benjamin Balansa moss collections from Paraguay in Herbarium Genavense (G), pp. 153-179 in Candollea 67 (1) on page 157, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v671a17, http://zenodo.org/record/5719346, {"references":["BESCHERELLE, E. (1891 a). Selectio Novorum Muscorum. J. Bot. (Morot) 5: 142 - 148.","MANUEL, M. G. (1977). Studies in Cryphaeaceae IV. New combinations in Schoenobryum. Bryologist 80: 522 - 524."]}

Cryphaea guarapensis Besch. in Rev. Bryol. 12: 18. 1885 [nom. nud.]. Type citation. – “Guarapi, Balansa 3629a ”. Original specimen. – Guarapi, sur le tronc des arbres, 30 juillet 1881, Balansa 3629a (Herb. Boiss., G00042390)., Published as part of Price, Michelle J., 2012, Catalogue of the Benjamin Balansa moss collections from Paraguay in Herbarium Genavense (G), pp. 153-179 in Candollea 67 (1) on page 159, DOI: 10.15553/c2012v671a17, http://zenodo.org/record/5719346, {"references":["BESCHERELLE, E. (1885). Liste des mousses du Paraguay distribuees en 1884 par M. Balansa. Rev. Bryol. 2: 17 - 19."]}

Sphaerotheciella koponenii P. Rao, sp. nov. is described from Hunan Province, China. It appears closely related to the American S. pinnata (B.S.G.) Manuel, but has different costae in the perichaetial leaves, different capsule shape and exostome ornamentation, and entire to crenate apices of the stem leaves. The new species is illustrated and a key to all species of the genus is presented.

Schoenobryum concavifolium (Cryphaeaceae) is newly reported from Borneo Island, on the basis of a single specimen collected at the central part of East Kalimantan

One of the most significant bryophyte collections from Paraguay is that of the Frenchman Benedict (Benjamin) Balansa. His collections were distributed to, amongst other institutions, B, BM, G, H-BR, L, NY and PC. In Geneva, Balansa collections can be found in the historical herbaria of Boissier, Reuter-Barbey, Barbey-Boissier and the non G-DC De Candolle collection which were all incorporated into the municipal herbarium (G) of the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève. The French bryologist Emile Bescherelle worked on the majority of the Balansa moss collections from Paraguay, describing 73 new species from amongst this material. With the purchase of Bescherelle's herbarium by the BM, Balansa's original Paraguay specimens came to reside there. A total of 390 specimens are present in G for 158 Balansa collection numbers, including 22 specimens for 15 previously unpublished Balansa numbers. The 158 collection numbers and 390 specimens in G cover 88 specific and infraspecific names that represent 67 currently accepted taxa and eight nomina nuda. Of the 390 specimens, 160 are types including 3 lectotypes, 28 isolectotypes, 19 isotypes and 110 syntypes. For each taxonomic entry, the place of publication, the collection number, current name, and for the types the type status and typification, if found, are provided. A complete list of the published Balansa collection numbers for the Paraguay mosses, including their current name, the name under which they were published and the place of publication, is also given herein.

sequence data (1324 bp on average). Our analyses indicate (1) that Antitrichia is distantly related to the other members of Leucodontaceae and should be excluded from the family, (2) that Cryphaeaceae form a monophyletic clade, not with Anomodontaceae and Leptodontaceae, but with Leucodontaceae, refuting the placement of Leucodontaceae and Cryphaeaceae in different superfamilies, (3) that Forsstroemia, variously classified in Leucodontaceae, Cryphaeaceae or Leptodontaceae, forms a monophyletic clade with Neckera (Neckeraceae), and (4) that the presumed monophyly of Anomodon and that of Anomodontaceae are not supported.

Pterigynandrum, since its inception, has been an unnatural genus. All the species in the genus, except P. filiforme, are transferred to other genera, leaving Pterigynandrum monotypic. Pterigynandrum sinense and Leucodon thom- sonii are transferred into Forsstroemia, the former as F. leptodontoidea nom. nov. Forsstroemia is placed in the resurrected Leptodontaceae, along with Lep- todon, Leucodontopsis and Pseudocryphaea. Other heterogeneous elements in the Leucodontaceae and Cryphaeaceae are discussed. Pterigynandrum decolor is transferred into Leptopterigynandrum. Garysmithia bifurcata is synonymized with L. austro-alpinum and L. clavatum Buck & Crum is described as new; P. brandisii is the same as Eurohypnum leptothallum. Pterigynandrum sharpii is placed in Mittenothamnium. Pterigynandrum filiforme var. mexicanum is transferred into the Sematophyllaceae in the new genus Horridohypnum as H. mexicanum.

The moss genus Cryphaea Mohr in Web. (Cryphaeaceae) in North America north of Mexico includes four species: C. filiformis (Hedw.) Brid., C. glomerata Sull. in Gray, C. nervosa (Hook. & Wils.) C. Miill., and C. ravenelii Aust. Cryphaea floridensis Crum and C. glomerata var. scabra Grout, both de- scribed from Florida, are conspecific with C. filiformis (Hedw.) Brid., which occurs throughout the Caribbean area and has not been previously reported as such for the area studied. Cryphaea ravenelii Aust. is reported new to the moss flora of Arkansas, "the Carolinas," and Oklahoma. Descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and a key to the species are presented in addition to notes on phytogeography. The family Cryphaeaceae is represented in North America north of Mexico by five genera (Crum et al., 1965). Cryphaea Mohr in Web., the type genus of the family and the subject of this revision, is a pantropical genus whose main northern distribution in the New World is in the southeastern portion of the United States, although one species (C. glomerata Sull. in Gray) extends north to Connecticut. The first known collections of Cryphaea in North America north of Mexico were made by Thomas Drummond near New Orleans, Louisiana 1831-1832. These collec- tions, C. glomerata (as Daltonia heteromalla var.) and C. nervosa (Hook. & Wils.) C. Miill. (as D. nervosa Hook. & Wils.), were distributed by W. Wilson and W. J. Hooker in an exsiccata entitled Musci Americani; or, Specimens of Mosses, Jungermanniae, & C. Collected by the Late Thomas Drummond, in the Southern States of North America.

The neotropical genus Dendropogonella Britt. is reviewed. De- scriptions, illustrations, and a distribution map are presented in addition to notes on nomenclature and phytogeography. Dendropogonella rufescens (Schimp.) Britt. occurs in Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica, and is reported for the first time from Brazil and Venezuela. A report for St. Thomas Island (Virgin Islands) could not be substantiated. A lectotype (Mexico, C. Ehrenberg, s.n. BM) is desig- nated. As part of continuing generic studies in the Cryphaeaceae (Manuel, 1973), I herein review the monotypic genus Dendropogonella Britt.