Search

The negative outcomes of ageism in the workplace have been well documented. In this study, we turn to potential factors that may counter such outcomes. Relying on the Intergroup Contact Theory (ICT...

HUG (Hinanjo Un-ei Game), an evacuation shelter simulation game developed by Shizuoka Prefecture, was adopted as the base for promoting cross-organizational and multidisciplinary collaboration in local communities. HUG is a simulation game in which participants place the cards containing evacuees personal information such as their age, gender, citizenship, and special circumstances into the floor plans assuming the gym and classrooms in the evacuation shelter. Participants experience finding solutions to various events occurring in the evacuation center. The game experience gives participants the opportunity to determine how to assign evacuees to individual rooms while considering the needs of evacuees requiring special assistance. The program also allows public health nurses, disaster prevention managers, and other government employees to gain experience in dealing with more than 100 issues that must be considered in improving the environment and safety of pregnant and nursing women and children. This experience will be useful especially for training voluntary disaster relief organizations that play a central role in operating evacuation shelters.

Cross-organizational business processes emerge from the cooperation of intra-organizational business processes exchanging messages. The cooperating processes establish temporal agreements in the form of constraints, representing timeliness obligations on the one hand and guarantees on the other hand. These constraints also form requirements for the design of the hidden implementation of the processes and are the basis of local control decisions. We present a comprehensive methodology for modeling the temporal aspects of cross-organizational business processes, checking the dynamic controllability of such processes, and supporting the reaching and the checking of temporal agreements. We do so by computing the consequences of temporal constraints and business secrecy requirements and by computing the weakest preconditions for the dynamic controllability of a participating process.

Today business processes often exceed organizational boundaries and the participants may not fully trust each other. In the past, this trust was guaranteed solely through legal contracts. To digitally establish trust without requiring a trusted third party, Blockchain technology together with Smart Contracts is used to ensure that involved organizations can not break their agreements. This experience report introduces a workflow enforcement method for a particular use case, the certification of the construction of industrial plants. The method comprises the modelling of the workflow, the verification of the models and the translation into Smart Contracts.

Business processes in companies lead to an enormous number of event logs in their IT systems. Evaluating these event logs using data mining can provide companies with valuable process analysis information which can uncover process improvement potentials. However, media breaks frequently occur in these processes, so that there is a risk of optimizing isolated sub-processes only. Blockchain technology may avoid these media breaks and thus create the basis for complete event log analysis. The focus of our paper is to investigate existing requirements and to identify a blockchain based solution scenario evaluated by experts.

Nowadays, the focus of project management is no longer limited to the three traditional elements – time, quality, and cost, whereas project stakeholder management has received more and more attention. Based on an extensive review of the domestic and international literature on the project stakeholder management, this study identifies 16 factors that affect the effective management of cross organizational research and development (R&D) project stakeholders. Factors were derived from interviews of Cross organizational R&D project managers from different industries, and a questionnaire was designed based on the interview results. Finally, a management framework for inter-organizational R&D project stakeholders was established based on the result of the principal component analysis. This study integrates the findings with relevant theoretical knowledge of stakeholder management and provides some suggestions for cross-organization management of R&D project stakeholders.

Instant messaging (IM) tools have been used by more and more companies for cross–organizational projects. They face two choices: dedicated systems in form of enterprise IM and public platforms like WeChat. This study conducts a comparative analysis of WeChat and enterprise IM. It examines the impact of IM usage on job satisfaction in cross-organizational projects, and uses IM Motivation as a moderator. Research shows that for WeChat, hedonic motivation plays a significant negative moderation role in the impact of instant messaging usage on job satisfaction. For enterprise IM, utilitarian motivation plays a significant positive moderation role in the impact of IM usage on job satisfaction.

This application for the doctoral consortium at CHI PLAY 2018 describes the research planned in the context of my PhD thesis, which aims at utilizing games and play to increase collaboration and innovation within a cross-organizational working environment, using a research campus as a case study. In the context of my thesis, a progressive series of pervasive game events (with participation possibilities ranging from online messages to live-action role-play) will be carried out and its effects studied.

One of the most pervasive debates in literature on managing people is whether using “hard” or “soft” approaches—seeking to influence behavior by pressuring or by nurturing—produces better organizational performance. This article examines this question in the context of a cross-organizational collaboration in English local government between police, probation, social work, and other organizations designed to reduce crime. Using a survey to gather data about the organizational context of these collaborations and actual crime data, we find interaction effects between the joint presence of “hard” and “soft” features in explaining crime reduction. Taking a phrase from pop psychology, it appears that organizations characterized by “tough love” perform better than those with only “hard” or “soft” features by themselves. We suggest that further research be conducted on the relationship of “tough love” to organizational performance.

This paper portrays cross-organizational collaboration in service networks as a new challenging context for service design. The paper reflects on the role of cross-organizational service networks in a Finnish municipality-initiated research and development project. The project sought to develop new practices for supporting independent living for the elderly involving diverse organizations across public, private and third sectors. The intent was to apply collaborative and customer-centred service development. For this paper, interviews were reviewed from 16 project participants to find out how they perceived cross-organizational collaboration and the role of service design in this project. From these findings, we identified barriers to collaborations that originated in tensions between different organizations and structural and situational barriers that sometimes could be traced to specific mindsets on an organizational level. Based on the insights from these interviews, we explain how service desi...

Information sharing is a vital component of unified planning among multiple agencies performing varied tasks and activities toward effective emergency response, which promotes effective coordination. Insufficient information sharing and ineffective coordination among organizations during a disaster response creates a bottleneck in need of urgent resolution to effect preparedness. Building a highly effective emergency management information system would help to solve this problem. Modern information technology processing techniques have produced tools and approaches for information sharing across multiple agencies. However, Chinese and international scholars who study the multi-agency unified response systems of various countries have found that such systems are not in practice. This study took a socio-technical system perspective to analyze the characteristics of emergency response organizations and tasks involved in the response to the 2008 Wenchuan (China) earthquake as a case study. Existing problems and possible causes were analyzed from system and technology perspectives to identify possible resolutions to problems in cross-organizational information sharing and coordination that would improve the quality and speed of information sharing and coordination among multiple agencies. The results suggest a basic theoretical approach for the analysis and design of an open, cross-organizational relief management information system that can efficiently and effectively respond to large-scale disasters.

The application of single-use systems, or disposables, has increased dramatically in the past 10 years. Although some elements of the pharmaceutical and biotech manufacturing process were single-use and therefore disposable and not reused, the majority of the process equipment and fluid path was cleaned and reused by end users. Today, much more of the manufacturing process is composed of single-use systems, and there are some biotech plants that use single-use systems exclusively. Because of this increasing reliance on suppliers, there is an urgent need for more formal standards specifically for single-use system technology. The objective of this PDA-sponsored workshop held on May 14, 2014 was twofold: (1) to promote a harmonized approach to supporting single-use system activities within the industry and in so doing to minimize duplication of efforts, and (2) to communicate ongoing single-use system initiatives among the group. Representatives of ASME, ASTM, BPOG, BPSA, ELSIE, PDA, PQRI, and USP, as well as representatives of CBER and CDER of FDA, attended. LAY ABSTRACT: Today, the majority of pharmaceutical and biotech drug manufacturing equipment is cleaned and reused. However, in the past 10 years, the use of disposable manufacturing systems has increased dramatically; there are even some biotech-derived drugs that are manufactured entirely using single-use technology. This movement toward disposables has placed increased reliance on disposable equipment suppliers, each of which manufactures its products independently to meet customer needs. This fact has led to non-uniformity in design for connectors and similar sub-processes, and has made the need for more formal industry standards. The objective of this PDA-sponsored workshop held on May 14, 2014 was twofold: (1) to promote a harmonized approach to supporting single-use system projects within the industry and in so doing to minimize duplication of efforts, and (2) to communicate ongoing single-use system initiatives among the group. Representatives of industry associations and standard-setting organizations, as well as representatives of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, attended.

Proposals to re-empower the U.S. labor movement emphasize the importance of unions to work in coalition with community nonprofits at the local level. An extensive literature analyzes how such cross-organizational collaborations have benefitted unions, such as in their fights to prevent plant closures, to establish or renew union contracts, to organize the unorganized, and to pass living wage policies. This article instead emphasizes the experience of nonprofit organizations that work with unions in local policy coalitions that seek to promote the labor rights of immigrants and other low-wage workers. Drawing on case study material of San Francisco's living and minimum wage campaigns, this article argues that differences in organizational resources, tax-exempt status, and community connections affect nonprofits' role as public policy advocates relative to unions, but not uniformly in the same way across different stages of the policymaking process. While these differences in advocacy assets give unions the means to crowd nonprofits out of the policy enactment process, they enable nonprofits to hold their own in the initial agenda-setting process and even to outshine unions in the final policy implementation process.

The optimal resource allocation (ORA) strategy for cooperative task scheduling is very important to form an efficient execution team to complete an instance in cross-organizational business processes (COBPs). In team formation, members of a team refer to the performers with specific skills and knowledge, and accomplish various tasks by cooperation and collaboration of corresponding resource roles. The team as a whole should focus on the overall comprehensive ability, which includes professional ability (PA) of members and cooperative ability (CA) between them, instead of individual combat. To address the resource allocation issue of COBPs for social networking cooperation, this paper proposes an ORA model for cooperative task scheduling based on the PA of performer who is qualified to complete task and the CA between performers whose roles require cooperation. In the proposed model, the tabu search (TS) algorithm is utilized to address the objective function solution, which outputs the optimal solutions mapping on resource allocation strategies. Finally, experiments show that the proposed optimization model for resource allocation supporting cooperative task scheduling is more in line with modern enterprise resource management models and it provides a new way for resource allocation during the cooperative task scheduling in COBPs.

Organizations increasingly need to establish partnerships to face environment changes and remain competitive. This cross-organizational relationship allows organizations to share resources and collaborate to handle business opportunities better. However, besides all benefits, these organizations usually face several challenges during the partnership. This research aims to explore the cross-organizational relationship management, thus outlining the systematic literature review performed to understand the collaboration between different organizations and organizing an ICT related body of knowledge about the topic.

Information systems execute increasingly complex business processes, often across organizations. Blockchain technology has emerged as a potential facilitator of (semi)-autonomous cross-organizational business process execution, in particular, so-called consortium blockchains can be considered as promising enablers in this context, as they do not require the use of cryptocurrency-based blockchain technology, as long as the trusted (authenticated) members of the network are willing to provide computing resources for consensus-finding. However, increased autonomy in the execution of business processes also requires the delegation of business decisions to machines. To support complex decision-making processes by assessing potential future outcomes, agent-based simulations can be considered a useful tool for the autonomous enterprise. In this paper, we explore the intersection of multi-agent simulations and consortium blockchain technology in the context of enterprise applications by devising architectures and technology stacks for both off-chain and on-chain agent-based simulation in the context of blockchain-based business process execution.

The paper presents intrinsic properties of cross-organizational collaboration in shared information spaces and motivates the concept of ambient communities with particular reference to the tourism sector. Our approach is informed by an ethnographic analysis of assembling innovative information-based products for tourists. Qualitative data collection methods combined with online 'tells' reveal that in cross-organizational settings togetherness stems from ambient affiliates' recurrent co-engagement in computer-mediated distributed collective practices. Intriguing aspects of such practices are its boundary function, an underlying emergent knowledge process and its entanglement with socio-material realities of partners.

We believe that one of the major research questions that will drive the field of technical communication during the next 5--10 years is, "How can technical communication scholars navigate increasingly cross-cultural, cross-disciplinary, and cross-organizational contexts to support social justice through better communication?"

We conservatively extend the declarative Dynamic Condition Response (DCR) Graph process model, introduced in the PhD thesis of the second author, to allow for discrete time deadlines. We prove that safety and liveness properties can be verified by mapping finite timed DCR Graphs to finite state transition systems. We exemplify how deadlines can introduce time-locks and deadlocks and violate liveness. We then prove that the general technique for safe distribution of DCR Graphs provided in previous work can be extended to timed DCR Graphs. We exemplify the use of timed DCR Graphs and the distribution technique in praxis on a timed extension of a cross-organizational case management process arising from a previous case study. The example shows how a timed DCR Graph can be used to describe the global contract for a timed workflow process involving several organizations, which can then be distributed as a network of communicating timed DCR Graphs describing the local contract for each organization.

Establishing a new organization is becoming more difficult day by day due to the extremely competitive business environment. A new organization may not have enough experience to survive in the competitive market; which in turn may push down the reputation of the organization and the trust of the investors. The goal of this research project work is to design a framework for the cross-organizational information system for assessment and decision making using machine learning with the emphasis on the educational sector. In the proposed framework, organizations share information (even raw data) with each other and machine learning tool will be utilized for shared data analysis for decision making for a particular organization. A framework like this can help new organizations to get benefit from the experience of other ‘older’ organizations and institutions. Such knowledge-based machine learning system helps to improve the organizational capability of newly established institutions. As an implementation of the framework, we build a fuzzy system that can effectively work as a cross-platform system for educational entities.

We introduce a novel architectural solution (BYODCert) for managing the Bring Your Own Device paradigm at a cross-organizational level by exploiting mobile device certifications. BYODCert acts as a trusted third party allowing organizations to verify the compliance of their employees’ personal devices against BYOD security policies. BYODCert is implemented as a cloud service that can be adopted by organizations as an external and on-demand BYOD solution.

Increasingly more organizations are involved in critical cross-organizational business processes. Reachability analysis is one important way to guarantee the correctness of these processes. This paper proposes a new way of combing Role Network Model (RNM) and Pi- calculus to support reachability analysis for distributed and highly dyanmic processes. We first formally describe RNM in Pi-calculus. We then propose a reachability verification method based on RNM and μ-calculus for both structured and dynamic business processes. We evaluated our approach using a real-world government administrative permit system in China. The results show that proposed method can analyze and improve the reachability aspects of cross-organizational business processes, especially for dynamic business processes. 

Overinclusive authorship practices such as honorary or guest authorship have been widely reported, and they appear to be exacerbated by the rise of large interdisciplinary collaborations that make authorship decisions particularly complex. Although many studies have reported on the frequency of honorary authorship and potential solutions to it, few have probed how the underlying dynamics of large interdisciplinary teams contribute to the problem. This article reports on a qualitative study of the authorship standards and practices of six National Science Foundation-funded interdisciplinary environmental science teams. Using interviews of the lead principal investigator and an early-career member on each team, our study explores the nature of honorary authorship practices as well as some of the motivating factors that may contribute to these practices. These factors include both structural elements (policies and procedures) and cultural elements (values and norms) that cross organizational boundaries. Therefore, we provide recommendations that address the intersection of these factors and that can be applied at multiple organizational levels.

Historically, the pharmaceutical industry has provided investors with robust growth and patients with a range of life-enhancing treatments; academic institutions conducted early-stage research largely supported by the government; disease foundations funded projects in their areas of interest; and venture capital built exciting new startups with bold ambitions. Today, those institutions are all facing scientific, economic and operating challenges. As a result, they are experimenting with new organizational and funding models. We consider some of those models in the life sciences in general, as well as in the development and delivery of novel regenerative medicines. In particular, the changing roles of the venture capital and disease foundation communities are considered in the context of academic and commercial collaborations.

In the cloud manufacturing systems, both manufacturing tasks and manufacturing services are in a dynamic environment. How could cloud manufacturing platform optimizes manufacturing cloud services based on QoS, matching an optimal service composition for manufacturing tasks has become an urgent problem at present. In view of this problem, we study the matching of manufacturing tasks and manufacturing services from the perspective of complex network theory. On the basis of manufacturing task network and manufacturing service network, a dynamic matching network theory model of manufacturing task-service is constructed. And then, we take a dynamic assessment of QoS. Finally, we use load and dynamic QoS as the optimization objectivities, transform the optimal manufacturing service composition problem into the shortest path problem, and the dynamic scheduling of manufacturing services is realized.

In recent years, the trend towards publishing data on the Web is gaining momentum. People have witnessed a sharp growth of diversities and amounts of available data. Integration and synthesis of heterogeneous, autonomous and distributed data sources have been an essential and hard issue in enterprise computing, scientific computing and social computing. It is not always feasible to achieve effective data integration around definite schemas when there are difficulties in getting them cross organizational borders and when such issues as compatibility, scalability, timeliness, and user manipulation are concerned. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Cloud computing have brought light to dealing with these hard issues. While Cloud computing helps to establish a scalable and better optimized infrastructure for storing, retrieving and managing such distributed and large-scale data, SOA provides a loosely-coupled and standard-friendly way to realize data integration. SOA is being employed

Along with the products becoming more and more complex, the manufacturing enterprises have to assign part of their design tasks to external organizations. Two principles that minimize the total coordination cost and isolate the design tasks not good at are presented in this study to support the cross-organizational assignment. Then a quantitative formulation of the two principles is given. And a method of design decomposition based on the genetic algorithm is discussed. A case study of a gasoline engine is used to illustrate the method.

The article presents the results of research on the relationship between age diversity in the workplace and corporate performance. It focuses on perceptions of ageism in the workplace. An overview of related previous studies is provided, along with details of the research protocol, which involved a survey of over 18,000 employees and executives. It was found that increased age diversity correlated with higher levels of perceived age-based discrimination. Perceived age discrimination was also negatively correlated with performance.

Located within a debate about changing organizational forms and new workforce roles this article provides an analysis of policy attempts to modernize the healthcare workforce. Theoretically, the article draws upon sociology of professions literature to focus upon competition within and between professions that impacts upon new roles in the NHS for doctors, designed to combine specialist and generalist knowledge and cross organizational and professional boundaries. The article highlights that attempts by policy-makers to reconfigure the clinical workforce may be constrained due to attempts at occupational closure by more powerful professional groups and by associated concerns about professional identities.

This article has the objectives to discuss the background for the two special issues of International Journal of e-Collaboration on electronic collaboration in organizations, examine four theoretical frameworks with particular regard to their relevance to the content in the articles in the special issues, and summarize each of the nine articles in these issues. The articles in the special issues are diverse in conceptual theory, units of analysis, research methods, and levels of collaboration. Units of analysis span from the individual, virtual team, company to the dyadic relationship between firms. Electronic collaboration is studied in locales including Austria, Korea, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. The diversity extends knowledge within varied realms of the electronic collaboration field. This introductory article offers an overall framework for these two special issues to help readers and potential authors see how the studies relate to one another and to the overall body of knowledge.

In this paper, we suggest that flexible hiring and joint research and development are two ways to acquire outside knowledge resources, which facilitate inter-organizational knowledge sharing and enable firms to overcome the constraints of internalized knowledge search in their innovation processes. We conducted a survey of 182 firms in Xi'an, China, which indicates that the majority of the surveyed firms have realized the importance of acquiring outside knowledge resources, and they are adopting flexible hiring policy and joint R&D strategy to make good use of outside knowledge resources. We then explore whether the two ways facilitate cross-organizational knowledge acquisition and inter-organization knowledge sharing, and hence contribute to effective innovations. We find that flexible hiring and joint R&D are effective ways to employ outside knowledge resources. Moreover, the effectiveness of innovations increases with both ways. These findings show that organizations can acquire outside knowledge resources to improve their innovations through flexible hiring and joint R&D.

One of the difficulties of managing projects that involve several (perhaps many) organizations is that the group has no pre-established procedures for handling actions that cross organizational boundaries.

© 2016 IEEE. During business collaborations, multiple participating organizations often need to share data for common interests. In such cases, it is necessary to combine local policies from different organizations into a global one in order to manage access to the shared data. However, local policies of organizations may be different or even conflicting, due to diverse rules and rule combining algorithms chosen. Few existing methods for policy combination are able to automatically combine multiple local policies into a global one. In this paper, we propose a bottom-up approach to address the issues of multiple policy combinations. The key idea is to first classify the rules based on attribute constraints in each policy, and then reduce the rules of the corresponding classes to one with the same attribute constraints. The reduced rules are then combined into a new global policy by choosing the appropriate rule combining algorithm in XACML. The latter ensures compliance with each of the local policies at syntax and semantic levels. To validate our approach, we develop a proof-of-concept implementation of the automated policy combination. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is highly scalable and supports a number of attribute constraints in each local policy.

Part 3: Hyperconnectivity and Interoperation - Networked Business Processes; International audience; Process management allows for the automated coordination of processes involving human and computer actors. In modern economies it is increasingly needed for this coordination to be not only within organizations but also to cross organizational boundaries. The dependence on the performance of other organizations should however be limited, and the control over the own processes is required from a competitiveness perspective. Overall, this indicates a federated process management approach instead of a centralized one. This paper analyses the resilience of automated process management overall and especially how the use of federated process management impacts that resilience.