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Despite the similarity of many pathogenetic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and the oral cavity, there remain unresolved issues related to the etiology and pathogenesis of dental diseases associated with inflammatory bowel diseases.Aim. Analysis and systematization of literature data on the problem of combined diseases of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract.Key findings. Severe recurrent inflammatory bowel disease and the close relationship of all levels of the digestive tube create prerequisites for the development of pathological processes in the oral cavity. Despite the extensive symptoms of oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease, aphthous stomatitis is considered more often than other diseases. There are different opinions about the involvement of the oral mucosa in the pathological process in inflammatory bowel disease. Some authors consider the defeat of the mouth in terms of the specific localization of Crohn’s disease, others see in it only extraintestinal manifestations of the disease, along with changes in the skin, joints and eyes. Immunohistochemical studies allow you to answer individual questions of pathogenesis.Conclusion. The presented analysis of publications confirms the morphofunctional unity of various parts of the digestive system, which determines the complex mechanisms of the development of combined diseases.

Background The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing globally, and the disease is frequently managed surgically. The aim of this study was to investigate the time trends and geographic distribution of IBD hospitalizations, surgeries and surgical-associated lethality. Methods Data from the Brazilian Health Public System were retrospectively collected regarding hospitalizations, in-hospital deaths, IBD-related surgical procedures and lethality from 2005 to 2015. Results This eleven-year period revealed decreases in the rates of hospitalization (24%), IBD-related surgeries (35%), and IBD-related surgical lethality (46%). Most surgeries were performed in Crohn’s disease patients, and the predominant procedure was small bowel resection, mostly in young adults. A higher prevalence of ulcerative was observed throughout the country. The highest hospitalization and surgical rates were observed in the more industrialized regions of the South and the Southeast and in the municipalities integrated with metropolitan regions (MRs). The highest surgical-related lethality rates were seen in the less-developed regions and in municipalities not integrated with MRs. The length of hospital stay showed a slight increase throughout the period. Conclusions Brazil follows the global trend of decreases in hospitalizations, lethality, surgeries, and surgical lethality associated with IBD. The unequal distribution of hospitalizations and surgeries, concentrated in the industrialized areas, but with a shift towards the Northeast and from urbanized to rural areas, indicates ongoing changes within the country. Reductions in the rates of IBD-related hospitalizations, surgeries and lethality suggest the effectiveness of decentralization and improvements in the quality of public health services and the advances in medical therapy during the study period.

Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients often present with nutritional disorders that affect both macronutrient and micronutrient levels. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are typically more frequent in Crohn's disease (CD) patients than other IBD patients. However, some studies have shown that these deficiencies can also be present in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, even in those in remission. Aims To describe the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in patients diagnosed with IBD and to correlate these micronutrient deficiencies with demographic, clinical and disease characteristics. Methods A cross-sectional study of patients in the IBD program who were 18 years and older was completed. Clinical characteristics and disease activity indexes were assessed. Body Mass Index (BMI), haematocrit, serum albumin, serum iron profile, serum 25(OH) D, vitamin B12, folate, zinc and copper were measured. Results Ninety-one patients with IBD were included: 46 patients (50.5 per cent) with UC and 45 patients (49.5 per cent) with CD. At least one micronutrient deficiency was found in 39.5 per cent of patients, 35.1 per cent had two deficiencies, and 12 per cent had three or more deficiencies. Iron, zinc, copper, and vitamin B12 deficiencies were found in 33 per cent, 22 per cent, 11 per cent and 10 per cent of patients, respectively. No folate deficiencies were found. Low levels of serum 25(OH) D were detected in 76 per cent of patients. The mean BMI was 24.3 (SD 3.4), and the mean serum albumin level was 4.0g/l (SD 0.4). Conclusion Micronutrient deficiencies were frequent in our study cohort and did not correlate with macronutrient status. Measurement of macronutrients and micronutrients should become a routine assessment in IBD patients to improve patient care and to avoid negative repercussions on disease activity.

Results of the retrospective, population-based study, 2000–2010, on inflammatory bowel disease, ulceratice colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), from Zadar County, have been presented and compared with world experience and com- parative data from Primorsko-Goranska and Vukovarsko-Srijemska Counties. The average incidence rates (per 100 000) were 8.2 and 8.4, for UC and CD, respectively. Prevalence rates, at the end of the follow up, were 133.9 for UC and 111 for CD. Constant increase in the incidence rates for both, UC and CD, have been recorded, for CD more prominently in the second part of the follow up, 2006–2010. Prevalence rates have being continuosly rased for both diseases, data for UC ex- ceeding that for CD. Results of data comparison among the counties contribute in favour to the hypothesis of Zadar County as a rapidly developing area and strongly argue against the existence of the North-South gradient between Vukovarsko-Srijemska and Zadar Counties.

Intestinal tuberculosis is an uncommon presentation of tuberculosis (TB) and has clinicopathological similarities with Crohn's disease. In regions where TB is endemic clinicians must aware of this condition and fully evaluate their patients when Crohn's disease is diagnosed. We recommend all pathologic specimens be evaluate effectively for TB.Smear, culture and PCR for Mycobacterium.tuberculosis from samples aside the pathological reviews help for better diagnosis. Here we present a case of intestinal tuberculosis which initially diagnosed as Crohn's disease but after starting immunosuppressive agents he presented with disseminated tuberculosis.

Crohn's disease is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disorder which may involve any segment of the bowel from mouth to anus. The mucocutaneous manifestations of Crohn's disease in the orofacial region are multiple, including oral Crohn's disease, metastatic Crohn's disease in sites noncontiguous with the bowel system, and reactive disorders such as pyoderma gangrenosum. Clinicians should be familiar with these extraintestinal manifestations and include this important and often serious disease in the evaluation of patients with selected orofacial disorders. The recognition of these manifestations may help prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment, and facilitates timely diagnosis, palliation and definitive therapy.