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The international Smart Cities and the Learning Cities movements are not often linked. However, there are learning questions at stake here. Smart city agendas are often criticised as being technocratic and instrumental, prioritising market-led solutions to urban issues. Such criticism has led to moves to place the citizen at the centre of these discussions. This raises educational challenges: what theories and forms of learning are required for citizens to play a role in the development of digital, urban futures? This paper adopts ethnographic methods to study the assumptions about learning in a Europe-wide smart city project that included a component of citizen-led development. Our argument provides important messages for smart city planners and developers keen to include citizens in smart city development. It suggests that the current ‘banking’ models of learning adopted in relation to citizen participation are not fit for purpose and that a new model is needed. This needs to recognise citizen learning as situated in social and material contexts and embedded in unequal relations of power, knowledge and resources. We make the case for smart city initiatives to offer city inhabitants critical, creative learning opportunities that begin to address the inequalities that constitute the contemporary smart city.

This paper reflects the preliminary findings of a PhD research on the spatial politics and potentials of noise and vibration, and the affective or attractive and repulsive power of sonic force. We focus on the public space of a railway area in transformation in Brussels, where sonic conflicts are prevalent. To explore the affordances of a sonic urbanism as critical spatial practice and thus to break free from prevailing modes of urbanism which focus on sonic risk and vibrational nuisance − we constitute a working practice exploiting and nurturing the productive encounters between disciplines such as sound art, urbanism and urban architecture. By setting up an experimental design studio at the KU Leuven Faculty of Architecture, embedded in local auditory culture and in connection to ongoing planning processes, we aimed to facilitate an open learning ground for sonic design experimentation in the development of innovative sonic spatial tools and approaches. The studio was oriented to students of the International Master in Architecture summoned to research the multiple (sonic) vibrations of the L28 railway area, to exploit and contrast these vibrational forces, transforming them to into actions and opportunities. From a critical sonic understanding of urban space, students played and explored a contradictory role compared to the widespread noise control practices, reformulated environments, perimeters and relations of urban phenomena and searched for interactivity with vibrational dynamics that already exist in the territory. publicationstatus: published ispartof: pages:2004-2004 ispartof: SHS Web Conf. 14th European Architecture Envisioning Conference (EAEA14 2019) vol:64 pages:2004-2004 ispartof: 14th European Architecture Envisioning Conference (EAEA14 2019) location:Nantes, France date:3 Sep - 6 Sep 2019 status: published

Background: Undergraduate nursing students have been documented to experience ethical distress during their clinical training and felt poorly supported in discussing the ethical issues they encountered. Research aims: This study was aimed at exploring nursing students’ perceived opportunity to discuss ethical issues that emerged during their clinical learning experience and associated factors. Research design: An Italian national cross-sectional study design was performed in 2015–2016. Participants were invited to answer a questionnaire composed of four sections regarding: (1) socio-demographic data, (2) previous clinical learning experiences, (3) current clinical learning experience quality and outcomes, and (4) the opportunity to discuss ethical issues with nurses in the last clinical learning experience (from 0 – ‘never’ to 3 – ‘very much’). Participants and research context: Participants were 9607 undergraduate nursing students who were attending 95 different three-year Italian baccalaureate nursing programmes, located at 27 universities in 15 Italian regions. Ethical considerations: This study was conducted in accordance with the Human Subject Research Ethics Committee guidelines after the research protocol was approved by an ethics committee. Findings: Overall, 4707 (49%) perceived to have discussed ethical issues ‘much’ or ‘very much’; among the remaining, 3683 (38.3%) and 1217 (12.7%) students reported the perception of having discussed, respectively, ‘enough’ or ‘never’ ethical issues emerged in the clinical practice. At the multivariate logistic regression analysis explaining 38.1% of the overall variance, the factors promoting ethical discussion were mainly set at the clinical learning environment levels (i.e. increased learning opportunities, self-directed learning, safety and nursing care quality, quality of the tutorial strategies, competences learned and supervision by a clinical nurse). In contrast, being male was associated with a perception of less opportunity to discuss ethical issues. Conclusion: Nursing faculties should assess the clinical environment prerequisites of the settings as a context of student experience before deciding on their accreditation. Moreover, the nursing faculty and nurse managers should also enhance competence with regard to discussing ethical issues with students among clinical nurses by identifying factors that hinder this learning opportunity in daily practice.

This article focuses on the complex negotiations of critical workplace educators positioned amongst contradictory agendas and discourses in the workplace. While philosophically aligned with critical pedagogical agendas of transformation and collective action for workplace change, these educators perform an array of pedagogic articulations in everyday practice to secure their continued presence in the workplace. What becomes evident in these seemingly opposing articulations are various strategic political positionings of educators alongside their juggling of demands, attachments and inter-identifications with both learners and managers. The pedagogy that emerges challenges conventional binaries of ‘transformative’ and ‘reproductive’ learning. Dynamics of transformation and liberation as well as reproduction and subjugation appear to be interlinked, along with expanding nets of social relations that blur power hierarchies and spatial boundaries, in a pedagogy that ultimately appears to mobilise hope and agency among workers. The workplace educator works a delicate balance of these dynamics to survive. The argument is based on a case study of a garment factory in Canada in which an adult education programme managed to thrive for 17 years: both workers and educators were interviewed in depth.

Este trabajo se centra en variar el modelo tradicionalmente unidireccional de educación universitaria hacia un modelo bidireccional desde una perspectiva novel, para lograr nuevo conocimiento y fortalecimiento de competencias mediante la participación activa del alumnado en la docencia. La mejora metodológica docente desarrollada aplica estrategias didácticas en el aula que promueven el aprendizaje crítico en los estudiantes. Su participación en las sesiones, la motivación y la variedad de técnicas que requieran de su razonamiento, consiguen del alumnado mayor satisfacción con la docencia y éxito en sus objetivos y así, en su desarrollo personal y académico para su posterior futuro profesional. This work focuses on switching the traditionally unidirectional model of university education for a bidirectional model from the novice perspective so as to achieve new knowledge and strengthen competences by means of the active involvement of the student body in teaching. The teaching methodology improvement developed within the lecture rooms applies didactic strategies which promote critical learning in the students. Their participation in sessions, motivation and reasoningdemanding variety of techniques provoke greater satisfaction with the teaching and success in their objectives and thus, in their personal and academic development for their subsequent professional future.

Trabajo presentado al 17th International AEIPRO Congress, celebrado en Logroño (España) en 2013., The Master’s degree in Development Cooperation of the Universitat Politècnica de València started in the year 2011–2012 with a specialization in Project Management and Development Processes which capitalized the experience gained in the four previous editions of the master in Development Policies and Processes. Since its inception, the Master has been designed and developed on the basis of principles such as critical learning, participation, and the connection between the local and global problems. These principles have been incorporated into both the contents and the learning process leading to several teaching–learning practices that transcend the classroom space and help to define a very specific profile of specialist in project management and development processes. This article presents and discusses the main methodological innovations developed at an educational level in the master, as well as the monitoring and evaluation spaces that have been established to incorporate the active participation of students and other stakeholders from outside university. The analysis explores the major difficulties and the main supporting factors for a critical learning practice in the field of development projects and international cooperation.

Resumen del trabajo presentado a #comunicambio: Congreso internacional Comunicación, Sociedad Civil y Cambio Social, celebrado en Castellón (España) del 20 al 22 de mayo de 2015., [ES]: La presente investigación explora en qué medida los espacios universitarios externos a las aulas pueden contribuir a desarrollar una práctica crítica en el ámbito del desarrollo. El objeto de estudio se enmarca dentro del programa docente del Máster en Cooperación al Desarrollo de la Universitat Politècnica de València, el cual cuenta con actividades que se realizan fuera del aula, principalmente una Investigación Acción Participativa con organizaciones de la sociedad civil de la ciudad de Valencia, y las prácticas externas en entidades dedicadas al desarrollo y la cooperación internacional (generalmente en países del Sur). A lo largo de la investigación se constata que el paso por estas experiencias conduce en parte a algunos elementos de la práctica crítica del desarrollo, entre otros: a percibir la complejidad de los procesos de desarrollo; a desarrollar un compromiso real con la transformación social; a generar reflexividad y autocrítica, identificando incoherencias propias y con una actitud pro-activa para cambiarlas; a adaptase a contextos diferentes partiendo del respeto y a tomar consciencia de la importancia de las relaciones. Todo ello se ve favorecido por el contacto y aprendizaje de otras realidades y culturas. Otros elementos de la práctica crítica del desarrollo, como alcanzar un claro entendimiento de la dimensión política de dichos procesos, aparecen referenciados aunque en menor medida. Se ha podido evidenciar cómo enfrentarse a la realidad del desarrollo durante su período formativo. Los espacios fuera del aula permiten contrastar la formación recibida, así como desarrollar una serie de capacidades y habilidades proclives a una práctica crítica. Estos resultados pueden a su vez contribuir a generar mayor reflexividad entre el profesorado; revisar los procedimientos definidos para el acompañamiento en estos espacios o bien dotar a los estudiantes de mayores herramientas para su reflexión en aquellos aspectos de la práctica crítica menos desarrollados., [EN]: This research explores informal learning spaces at universities, outside the classrooms, as they can help to develop a critical practice in the field of development. The object of study is the Master in Development Cooperation in the Universitat Politècnica de València, where activities outside the classrooms are developed, primarily: a Participatory Action Research with civil society organizations in Valencia, and external Practicum in development and international cooperation institutions, generally in the South.During the investigation, it is found that these experiences lead, in part, to some elements of critical development practice, such as: to perceive the complexity of developmental processes; to develop a real commitment to social transformation; to generate reflexivity and self-critical attitude; to adapt with respect to different contexts and to be aware about how important relationships are. Knowing other realities and cultures contribute to it. Other elements of the critical practice in development, such as understanding the political dimension of development processes, are less evident to have been achieved. It has been shown that facing real life during the academic period, outside the classrooms, have contributed to prove the theory and to develop capabilities related to a critical practice. These evidences can contribute to: generate more reflexivity among master’s teachers; to revise advisor’s functions and procedures; and to provide to students some guide for reflection on those critical practice’s least developed aspects.

L'interès actual per temes relacionats amb l'aprenentatge i el desenvolupament ciutadà no és accidental. El baix nivell d'"implicació" dels ciutadans fa tremolar les bases del sistema democràtic, i això és objecte de preocupació en diversos camps del coneixement. L'aprenentatge a través de la participació ciutadana està relacionat amb les ciències de l'Administració en diferents aspectes. L'aspecte de gestió es pot identificar en l'administració del propi govern; l'aspecte de l'aprenentatge organitzacional es troba en els estudis sobre les característiques dels contextos que creen un clima d'aprenentatge, cosa que promou el desenvolupament. La comprensió d'aquests aspectes a través de l'epistemologia proposada, la teoria crítica, aporta nous coneixements a la ciència administrativa. La teoria crítica assumeix l'interès de l'emancipació de la ciència, és a dir, l'acció humana i social hauria de ser orientada per la bondat, la humanitat i la racionalitat. En coherència amb aquesta orientació i amb el nivell individual d'anàlisi, la tesi considera dos marcs teòrics: les psicologies humanista i existencialista. En conseqüència, la recerca fenomenològica és el mètode de recerca. Aquest mètode permet respondre a les preguntes de recerca: "si" s'aprèn, "què" s'aprèn, "quines" eines de gestió s'utilitzen, "com" s'utilitzen i "per què" el que s'aprèn s'aprèn. Aquesta particular comprensió epistemològica i el mètode que en resulta suggereixen utilitzar eines metodològiques convergents o de bricolatge. Les eines metodològiques que suporten el bricolatge són: observacions, entrevistes i focus groups com a font de dades primàries, i la revisió de la documentació com a dades secundàries. S'analitza que els pressupòsits participatius són subaccions de l'acció democràtica formats per intencions, plans i actes representats per diverses pràctiques de recursos humans. A més, s'entén que les característiques participatives del diàleg entre iguals, del respecte envers opinions divergents, de presa de decisions per consens en les reunions de grup successives, entre d'altres, fomenten l'autoreflexió sobre les lleis del funcionament social i individual, la qual canvia l'estat de no-reflexió de la consciència cap a un nou estat i, d'aquesta manera, s'esdevé l'aprenentatge ciutadà., El presente interés por temas relacionados con aprendizaje y desarrollo ciudadano no es accidental. El bajo "involucrarse" por parte de los ciudadanos hace temblar las bases del sistema democrático lo que conlleva a una preocupación en distintos campos del conocimiento. Aprendizaje a través de la participación ciudadana está relacionado con las Ciencias de la Administración en diferentes aspectos. El aspecto de gestión puede ser identificado en la administración del propio gobierno, el aspecto de aprendizaje organizacional se encuentra en los estudios sobre las características de los contextos que crean un clima de aprendizaje lo cual promueve desarrollo. La comprensión de estos aspectos a través de la epistemología propuesta, la teoría crítica, añade nuevo conocimiento a la Ciencia Administrativa. La teoría crítica asume el interés de emancipación de la ciencia, es decir, la acción humana y social debería de estar orientada por la bondad, la humanidad y la racionalidad. En coherencia con esa orientación y con el nivel individual de análisis, la tesis considera dos marcos teóricos: las psicologías humanista y existencialista. En consecuencia, la investigación fenomenológica es el método de investigación. El método posibilita la contestación de las preguntas de investigación: "si" se aprende, "qué" se aprende, "cuáles" herramientas de gestión son utilizadas, "cómo" son utilizadas, y "porqué" lo que se aprende se aprende. Esa particular comprensión epistemológica y resultante método sugiere el uso de herramientas metodológicas convergentes o bricolage. Las herramientas metodológicas que soportan el bricolage son: observaciones, entrevistas y grupos focales como fuente de datos primarios; y, revisión de documentación como datos secundarios. Se analiza que los presupuestos participativos son sub-acciones de la acción democrática compuestos por intenciones, planes y actos representados por distintas prácticas de recursos humanos. Además se entiende que las características participativas del diálogo entre iguales, del respeto hacia opiniones divergentes, de la toma de decisión por consenso en las sucesivas reuniones grupales, entre otras, fomentan la auto-reflexión sobre las leyes del funcionamiento social e individual la cual cambia el estado de no-reflexión de la conciencia hacia un nuevo estado, ocurriendo, de esa manera, el aprendizaje ciudadano., The thesis is concerned with the declining tendency of citizenship participation which threatens the democratic system. For that reason it studies successful participatory situations in which citizens learn and develop citizenship. Citizenship learning and development, as a phenomenon, are analysed from a Critical view of science and derivate existential and humanistic framework to learning and organizational. A democratic, participatory and deliberative situation that reflects the emancipatory interest of a good, humane and rational social action is the participatory budget of Brazilian municipalities. Learning, Organizational Learning and Human Resources Management are disciplines elected to set the theoretical framework to analyse the problem. From this epistemological view, research setting and scope, a methodological bricolage is built. The methodology follows the procedures of the phenomenological research which is supported by the triangulation of the methodological tools of in-depth interviews, focus groups, observations and documentation reviews. As a result the research presents findings that describe, comprehend and interpret the phenomenon of citizenship learning. Human resources management, as an emergent practice, is a key issue in this democratic action. The participatory budget, as a democratic action, is divided into sub-actions composed by intentions, plans and acts each one of them represented by specific human resources practices. Such procedure of deconstruction of actions into their constitutive parts brings better comprehension of their functioning. To understand the characteristics of the participatory context is also key because they foster self-reflection about the social and individual legalities which change the state of a non-reflected conscious, thus, citizenship learning occurs. The focus proposed and the evidences analysed and interpreted provides a definition for existential-humanistic citizenship learning which hopefully can bring some light to the declining tendencies in participation. Citizenship learning, thus, is a never-ending process in which individuals decide freely and responsibly to actualize their potential as citizens. Moreover, the process is existential and humanistic if it has humanity in general as its goal, if it is as aware as possible of the dialectics between humans' subjectivity and objectivity and if it gives rise to a system of values which takes into account this goal and these dialectics.