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Para evaluar la estrategia semilleros de investigación transversales en la Institución Universitaria Digital de Antioquia han sido planeadas estrategias fuera de aula que se articulan con el currículo y con la didáctica para legitimar los saberes aprendidos como resultado de la sistematización de experiencias mediante los procesos investigativos. Metodológicamente se empleó un enfoque mixto longitudinal, los datos fueron recopilados mediante un cuestionario en escala Likert en tres momentos diferentes durante la ejecución de la estrategia. dentro del desarrollo de los semilleros transversales de investigación durante el periodo comprendido entre 2020 y 2021. El análisis estadístico permitió determinar el nivel de asociación de las variables clasificadas para los siguientes factores diferenciados: competencias digitales, habilidades blandas y habilidades para la investigación. Los resultados indican que la estrategia de semilleros de investigación contribuyen a mejorar las Se reportaron resultados que mejoraron en gran medida las habilidades para la comunicación, organización de su tiempo, generación de preguntas y finalmente para defender sus ideas, además, mejoraron la capacidad de adaptación de los semilleristas en modalidad virtual. Finalmente se reporta que para las diferentes habilidades evaluadas se presenta una tendencia incremental promedio así: competencias digitales 9.95%, habilidades blandas 3.38% y habilidades para la investigación 3.34%. Se puede concluir que los semilleros de investigación virtual como estrategia extracurricular dentro de los procesos de investigación formativa debe tener en cuenta el potencial humano, los recursos didácticos y el conocimiento disciplinar e interdisciplinar, todo ello articulado con el modelo pedagógico de la Institución contribuyendo a mejorar competencias para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida, y la resolución de problemas que finalmente fortalece los vínculos de la institución con los territorios principio fundamental para la Institución.

Introduction: Breast Cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant disease in women and its first line neo- and/or adjuvant treatment on hormone positive (HR+) subtypes is the endocrine therapy. Even though Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy (AET) had significantly increased overall survival in the long-run, some studies have reported suboptimal treatment adherence rates, varying from 40-95.7%. One possible cause for this great variability on AET adherence is the patients’ expenses on treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that as the cost of treatment increases the treatment adherence decreases. Nonetheless, as far as the authors have searched, no studies have tried to understand such relationship in Brazil, where medications can be taken without any out-of-pocket expenses through the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), or through Health insurance companies; and through direct out-of-pocket expenses. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional pilot study, carried out with an online questionnaire applied to patients from the Centro de Tratamento Oncológico Pro Onco [Pro Onco Oncological Treatment Center] and Centro de Apoio ao Paciente com Câncer de Londrina [Londrina Cancer Support Center] (State of Paraná, Brazil). The questionnaire applied in this study included objective questions that aimed to understand the systemic endocrine therapy adherence among Breast Cancer patients. In order to do that, the Morisky-Green (MG) test was used. A linear regression model was built using the MG test as dependent variable, and how the patients obtained the drugs as independent variable, controlled by other sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Results: Between December 2021 and March 2022, 95 patients were included in this study. Mean age was 50.71 (SD = 10.00) and mean age at diagnosis was 45.86 (SD = 8.66). Patients obtained the drugs mainly via Health Insurance (45 patients or 47.37%), followed by the SUS (44 patients or 46.32%) and private health expenses (6 patients or 6.32%). It was found that how the patient obtained the medication was statistically significant in predicting adherence. Patients that obtained the medication via the SUS had poorer adherence compared to those that obtained the medication via Health Insurance (coeff.=-0.38 [-0.68;-0.09]; p-value = 0.010) and via Private Health Expenses (coeff.=-0.81 [-1.42;-0.21]; p-value = 0.008). It was also found that considering all three main options available to obtain the medication, 30 patients (68.18%) that obtained the medication via the SUS had already forgotten to take the medication once; whereas only 18 patients (40%) that obtained the medication via Health Insurance had done (Chi-Square = 7.1116; p-value = 0.008). Besides that, it was found that only 22 patients (50%) that obtained the medication via the SUS knew the type of cancer they had. Considering only patients that obtained the medication via Health Insurance, 35 patients (77.78%) knew the type of cancer they had (Chi-Square = 7.4546; p-value = 0.006). Conclusion: The results of this study do not match the literature on the topic, and it could be explained by a poorer doctor-patient relationship at SUS as non-clarification on the importance of adjuvant treatment can be related to a poorer adherence. Citation Format: ANA CRISTINA HERRERA, Caio C. Kasai, Eduarda T. Gonçalves, Liemi A. Homa, Carlos Eduardo E. de Oliveira. Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy adherence in Breast Cancer patients and the Brazilian National Health System [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-58.

BackgroundPatients with serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) have multiple and/or large serrated colonic polyps and higher risk for colorectal cancer. SPS inherited genetic basis is mostly unknown. We aimed to identify new germline predisposition factors for SPS by functionally evaluating a candidate gene and replicating it in additional SPS cohorts.MethodsAfter a previous whole-exome sequencing in 39 SPS patients from 16 families (discovery cohort), we sequenced specific genes in an independent validation cohort of 211 unrelated SPS cases. Additional external replication was also available in 297 SPS cases. TheWNK2gene was disrupted in HT-29 cells by gene editing, andWNK2variants were transfected using a lentiviral delivery system. Cells were analysed by immunoblots, real-time PCR and functional assays monitoring the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, cell cycle progression, survival and adhesion.ResultsWe identified 2 rare germline variants in theWNK2gene in the discovery cohort, 3 additional variants in the validation cohort and 10 other variants in the external cohorts. Variants c.2105C>T (p.Pro702Leu), c.4820C>T (p.Ala1607Val) and c.6157G>A (p.Val2053Ile) were functionally characterised, displaying higher levels of phospho-PAK1/2, phospho-ERK1/2, CCND1, clonogenic capacity and MMP2.ConclusionAfter whole-exome sequencing in SPS cases with familial aggregation and replication of results in additional cohorts, we identified rare germline variants in theWNK2gene. Functional studies suggested germlineWNK2variants affect protein function in the context of the MAPK pathway, a molecular hallmark in this disease.

Las acciones gubernamentales permiten dar soluciones a problemas de interés público con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de vida de la población; con la creación de la ley de Fomento al cine nacional en el 2006, el país inició un cambio en la producción cinematográfica, el objetivo de este estudio es determinar la incidencia de las políticas públicas en la producción cinematográfica de Ecuador durante la década 2007-2017. La presente investigación es cualitativa con un enfoque exploratorio Los métodos utilizados son histórico-lógico y analítico-sintético. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional para la aplicación de encuestas a un grupo de 200 cineastas y productores audiovisuales. Como resultados se analizaron los impactos económico y productivo del cine a partir de las políticas públicas establecidas en el gobierno de Rafael Correa, se identificó la transformación estructural de la cinematografía a partir de la Ley de Fomento Cinematográfico, expedida en el 2006 y un año posterior la creación del Consejo Nacional de Cinematografía. La falta de inversión extranjera, la limitada aplicación de la Ley Orgánica de Cultura y la Ley de Comunicación han dejado el cine fuera de los temas prioritarios minimizando la creación, distribución y acceso equitativo a diferentes contenidos audiovisuales; sin embargo; a pesar estas brechas el cine ecuatoriano sigue caracterizándose por su creatividad, relato de entretenimiento y resistencia que todavía aguarda por un despunte.

En Colombia existe un gran interés por realizar estudios sobre característica morfo métricas en poblaciones equinas perteneciente a razas como la francesa debido a su gran potencial genético y en buscando evaluar y realizar mejoramiento genético con miras a participar en concursos relevantes a nivel suramericano, por esta razón y con el objetivo de estimar parámetros genéticos para características del salto mediante métodos bayesianos para una población de la raza silla francés ubicada en el Oriente Antioqueño. La base de datos utilizada recopiló datos del criadero Harás San Isidro. Se estimaron parámetros para 63 individuos en un rango etario entre 0 a 36 meses para características tales como: conformación de cabeza y cuello (CACU), conformación de pecho, hombro y espalda (PHE), conformación ce dorso, riñones y cruz (DRC), perfil trasero o grupa (PTG), articulaciones (ART), aplomos anteriores (APANT), aplomos posteriores (APOS), locomoción (LOC), impresión del conjunto y elegancia (IMCO). Se abordó mediante estadística bayesiano obteniendo como resultados heredabilidades entre 0,124 y 0,493 y correlaciones genéticas entre 0,53 y 0,96. Los resultados obtenidos presentan estimativas fundamentales para aplicación de selección genética en los criaderos buscando ofrecer instrumentos para la toma de decisiones en los criaderos colombianos

The evaluation of reforestation for ecological restoration purposes in an area requires the comparison of similarity indicators with nearby reference forests. The objective of this study was to compare the vegetal composition, structure, falling debris, and their decomposition in the soil of a reforestation site of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh, planted more than 50 years ago, and a neighbouring forest dominated by Quercus deserticola Trel. and Q. laeta Liebm (used as reference), in an area of the State of Mexico; and obtain quantitative indicators of the trajectory of rehabilitation through the use of non-native species of Mexico. In reforestation and oak forest, we established 12 sampling sites where the composition, structure and two ecological processes (falling debris and decomposition) were determined. In addition, solar radiation was estimated by taking zenith photos of the canopy, using a hemispherical lens. When data was within normal distribution, we used the Student test, and when it was not, the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the variables studied. The reference forest outperformed reforestation (p ≤ 0.05) in: richness (68 and 50 species); diversity (Simpson index, 1.6-2.6 and 0.7-2.3); normal diameter (21.3 and 13.7 cm), accumulated leaf litter (18.2 and 9.2 Mg ha-1), detritus fall (0.606 and 0.321 Mg ha-1 per month), and litter decomposition (0.443 and 0.251 Mg ha-1 per month). Reforestation had a higher total radiation (5384 vs. 4376 MJ m-2 year-1) and tree height (8.1 vs. 7.4 m). The percentage values of importance were 32.8 and 26.9 % for Quercus deserticola and Q. laeta in the oak forest, and 70 % for E. camaldulensis in the reforestation. After 50 years, reforestation still showed statistical differences from forest in composition, structure, and soil processes.

Patients with serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) have multiple and/or large serrated colonic polyps and higher risk for colorectal cancer. SPS inherited genetic basis is mostly unknown. We aimed to identify new germline predisposition factors for SPS by functionally evaluating a candidate gene and replicating it in additional SPS cohorts.After a previous whole-exome sequencing in 39 SPS patients from 16 families (discovery cohort), we sequenced specific genes in an independent validation cohort of 211 unrelated SPS cases. Additional external replication was also available in 297 SPS cases. TheWe identified 2 rare germline variants in theAfter whole-exome sequencing in SPS cases with familial aggregation and replication of results in additional cohorts, we identified rare germline variants in the

BACKGROUND: Refractory venous leg ulcers (VLUs) often require extended time to heal, and they carry a high risk of recurrence. This case study describes our experiences with a patient with a VLU refractory to multiple treatment strategies who was successfully treated with Manuka honey. CASE: Mr S. was a 76-year-old man with multiple comorbid conditions and hypersensitivity to silver-based compounds, who developed 3 VLUs of his right lower extremity. He experienced 90 days of unsuccessful treatments using an iodized cadexomer ointment, hydrodetersive fiber dressings, hydrocolloid meshes, compression therapy, and antibiotic treatment without progression toward wound healing. We then initiated treatment with Manuka honey and continued compression therapy. His primary VLU was completely epithelialized within 38 days, and an adjacent VLU also showed progression toward healing. Mr S. reported clinically relevant improvement in wound-related pain at 17 days. CONCLUSION: The use of Manuka honey proved effective in this patient with a VLU refractory to other treatment strategies.

Cristina Herrera earned her PhD in English from Claremont Graduate University and is Professor and Chair of Chicano and Latin American Studies at California State University, Fresno. I was/am the o...

La enfermedad de Behçet es una vasculitis de etiología desconocida, frecuente en los países de oriente, caracterizada por úlceras orales, genitales, uveítis y manifestaciones cutáneas. El propósito del presente artículo es reportar el caso de una patología infrecuente en el medio, así como realizar una revisión bibliográfica de la enfermedad. Se trata de un paciente de 14 años con cuadro clínico de evolución larvada, inicialmente presentó artritis la misma que fue recurrente y de difícil manejo pero no erosiva; y posteriormente presentó úlceras orales, lesiones pápulo-pustulosas, úlceras genitales y test de patergia positiva. Como describe la literatura, la artritis en este paciente no era erosiva, durante los períodos de inactividad no había limitación de ninguna articulación, y no respondió al metotrexate. Casi siempre la primera manifestación de la enfermedad de Behçet son las úlceras orales y no la artritis. El tiempo entre la aparición del primer síntoma y el diagnóstico así como en otras cohortes fue de 3 años. Dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de un paciente con artritis debe considerarse la enfermedad de Behçet. En Reumatología debe recalcarse la importancia de replantear los diagnósticos; considerando que estas enfermedades cursan con aparición lenta de los síntomas.

Introduction: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam) Pers (Crasulaceae) is a succulent ornamental plant. In Costa Rica, the leaves are used as a coadjuvant treatment for Diabetes Mellitus based on traditional knowledge of natural remedies. Moreover, there are some studies mentioning its use for Diabetes Mellitus as medicinal plant in several countries. This research aimed to demonstrate the antidiabetic properties of hydroalcoholic extracts of K. pinnata leaves through phytochemical screening, alpha amylase inhibition and rodent models. Methods: Crude extracts of K. pinnata leaves were prepared by infusion and decoction using water:ethanol (70:30) as a solvent. The extracts prepared by decoction (LAED, lyophilized-water:ethanol decoction) and by infusion (LAEI, lyophilized-water:ethanol-infusion) were analyzed by Folin Ciocalteu, HPLC and capacity of inhibition of α-amylase activity. To determine hypoglycemic activity in rats, extracts were administered orally at doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg/Kg and blood sugar levels were monitored over a four hours period using a glucometer. Results: A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in blood glucose was observed after one hour in rats treated with 500 mg/Kg of LAED extract. Treatment with 750 mg/Kg LAEI induced a statistically significant reduction in blood sugar at 90, 180 and 240 min, showing that the glucose-lowering effect of this extract was greater at a higher concentration. Conclusions: This study confirmed the hypoglycemic effect of K. pinnata extracts in the acute phase in rats and supports the use of this Crassulaceae as a home remedy Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica/[1510035]/TEC/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacéuticas (INIFAR)

Rehabilitation is a discipline increasingly growing around the world due to several reasons, but probably the most important one is aging population and chronicity. A need to harmonize education has been identified, and although several International organizations such as the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) and the International Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (ISPRM) have defined standards, given the quick growth of new evidence and assessment methods an urge to establish new ones arises. Functional assessment and tools used to do so are key in rehabilitation processes. This comprises self-reported questionnaires, conventional clinical evaluation but more notably high technology assessment methods, such as movement analysis systems, posturography, different types of dynamometers and kinesiologic electromyography among others. More recently, a wide range of wearable systems has been introduced in patient assessment. This is generating many published protocols as well as reliability and validity studies. The objective of this narrative review is to present main assessment technologies relevant to rehabilitation, its situation of this specific area in pre-graduate and post-graduate rehabilitation educational programs, and to elaborate a formative proposal including technological foundations of assessment and also highlighting the importance of solid reliability and validity of assessment methods comprehension. The main objective of this proposal is to provide basic knowledge about rehabilitation and methodologies for outcomes evaluation, including new technologies, to all health professionals, but especially to those who work or will work in the field of Rehabilitation.

Recognizing symptoms in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) can be a challenge. Serum biomarkers such as Galectin-3 or N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are involved in remodeling and heart failure (HF) development and could support the diagnosis of AS. We set out to test the usefulness of NT-proBNP and Galectin-3 in predicting events in this population. We designed a prospective observational case–control study, including 50 asymptomatic patients older than 70 years, diagnosed with severe degenerative AS, and 50 control individuals. The NT-proBNP and Galectin-3 levels were measured. A follow-up was carried out at 12 months to determine the occurrence of hospital admission for HF, all-cause mortality or the appearance of symptoms. The patients with severe AS had higher Galectin-3 and NT-proBNP concentrations. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the NT-proBNP was 0.812 (95% CI, 0.646–0.832), and that of the Galectin-3 was 0.633 (95% CI, 0.711–0.913). NT-proBNP was a good predictor of events [HR 3.45 (95% CI 1.32–9.03), p = 0.011]. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the probability of freedom from events was significant in patients who exhibited a combination of higher NT-proBNP and Galectin-3 levels (log-rank p = 0.032). Therefore, NT-proBNP was the most reliable predictor of events in asymptomatic patients with severe AS. A combination of NT-proBNP and Galectin-3 levels may be vital in the clinical follow-up of these patients and in the decision-making process.

Binding of two P-III snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMPs), one procoagulant and one hemorrhagic, to microvessels was compared in an ex vivo model. The procoagulant SVMP did not bind to the microvasculature, in contrast to the clear localization on microvessels of the hemorrhagic SVMP. Deglycosylation of the procoagulant enzyme did not enable this toxin to bind to microvessels, suggesting that glycosylation is not interfering with binding. These observations suggest that procoagulant SVMPs lack exosites for interaction with microvessels components.

Introducción: El recambio plasmático terapéutico es una técnica extracorpórea de depuración sanguínea. El recambio plasmático terapéutico mediante el método de centrifugación (plasmacentrifugación) requiere flujos de 50 ml/min lo que permite realizar el intercambio con accesos vasculares periféricos. El principal objetivo de este estudio fué el de analizar el uso y las complicaciones del acceso vascular periférico en las sesiones de plasmacentrifugación. Material y Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal sobre el análisis de complicaciones del acceso vascular periférico de las sesiones de plasmacentrifugación realizadas entre enero de 2017 y marzo de 2018. Resultados: Inclusión de un total de 93 sesiones de plasmacentrifugación, estas sesiones fueron llevadas a cabo en 9 pacientes con una mediana de 7 [P25:6; P75:10,5] sesiones por paciente. El 66,66% (n=6) fueron mujeres. En el 89,24% (n=83) de las sesiones se usó la centrifugación y en el 10,75% (n=10) la fotoaféresis. La etiología de enfermedad para estos pacientes fue: renal en el 55,55% (n=5) de los casos, neurológica en el 33,33% (n=3) de los casos y dermatológica en el 11,11% (n=1). De las 93 sesiones totales hubo problemas relacionados con la canalización de un acceso vascular periférico en el 52,69% de las sesiones (n=49). Conclusiones: Debido a que en más de la mitad de las sesiones se presentaron complicaciones en el abordaje del acceso vascular periférico, se concluye que es necesario el estudio vascular ambulatorio del paciente antes de la primera sesión, pudiendo ser útil el uso de la punción ecoguiada.

Natural materials have been used as glues throughout human history. Over the last century, society has come to rely heavily on synthetic, petroleum-based adhesives instead, consuming ∼14 million tons per year. In recent years, however, there has been a resurgence of glues formed with renewable materials. This work seeks to integrate the two to form strong adhesives. Here, elemental sulfur was combined with diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and garlic essential oil (GEO) to form adhesive polymers from recycled petroleum waste and renewable monomers. The labile sulfur bonds in DADS and GEO allowed these monomers to be homopolymerized, forming polysulfides entirely from renewable monomers. Heating these materials causes them to transition from viscous liquids to hardened solids. A family of copolymers containing different garlic components and varying sulfur-to-monomer ratios were synthesized, characterized, and tested for this study. Polymer structures were confirmed by 1H NMR. Changes to the polysulfide material properties upon curing were examined by gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. Characterization data of cured polymers were used to choose the optimal cure temperature for adhesion studies. The adhesion strength of polysulfides with varying compositions was determined by single-lap shear testing. Strong bonding was obtained for all garlic-based polysulfides with strengths 3 times higher than commercial hide glue.

This paper covers a significant extent of the literature published in the field of operations and production research related with Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). There is currently limited knowledge published for the implementation of FMS for mixed-models assembly; which can present a relevant and critical analysis of the effects such a system has in terms of productivity, supply chain, and operation process, as well as the effects on human factors and methods engineering within the operation. Findings include advantages for the FMS effectiveness, management process, productivity, process analysis and technological advancement, while contrasting them against disadvantages on efficiency, learning curve, Kaizen principles and investment risks. Culminating on the importance of integrating intercommunicated systems throughout the company beyond the manufacturing system in order to control and profit from such implementation. The paper illustrates recommended measures to utilize the advantages mentioned while reducing the possible negative aspects. Finally, proposing some outlooks on future research.

Simple Summary Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is characterized by the presence of serrated lesions in the colon and a higher colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. An important part of risk is due to the alteration of certain genes, which will be transmitted from one generation to another in the same family. Our main objective was to identify alterations of the human genome relevant to the hereditary predisposition to SPS, by focusing on families with several cases of this disease (familial SPS) and by using massive sequencing techniques to decode the genome. Our strategy allowed us to suggest the implication of 14 new genes in SPS predisposition. Identifying the inherited genetic factors involved in SPS can be useful to identify those families with medium-high CRC risk and, therefore, implement more targeted, intensive preventive measures for this group of patients. Abstract The serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is the most common and yet underdiagnosed colorectal polyposis syndrome. It is characterized by multiple and/or large colonic serrated polyps and a higher associated risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). The main objective of this study was to identify new candidate genes involved in the germline predisposition to SPS/CRC. Thirty-nine SPS patients from 16 families (≥2 patients per family) were recruited without alterations in well-known hereditary CRC genes, and germline and somatic whole-exome sequencing were performed. Germline rare variants with plausible pathogenicity, located in genes involved in cancer development, senescence and epigenetic regulation were selected. Somatic mutational profiling and signature analysis was pursued in one sample per family, when possible. After data filtering, ANXA10, ASXL1, CFTR, DOT1L, HIC1, INO80, KLF3, MCM3AP, MCM8, PDLIM2, POLD1, TP53BP1, WNK2 and WRN were highlighted as the more promising candidate genes for SPS germline predisposition with potentially pathogenic variants shared within families. Somatic analysis characterized mutational profiles in advanced serrated polyps/tumors, revealing a high proportion of hypermutated samples, with a prevalence of clock-like mutational signatures in most samples and the presence of DNA mismatch repair-defective signatures in some cases. In conclusion, we identified new candidate genes to be involved in familial SPS. Further functional studies and replication in additional cohorts are required to confirm the selected candidates.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:07:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-05 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Considering the importance of the diseases affecting the productive performance of animals in the dairy industry worldwide, it is necessary to implement tools that help to control and limit the occurrence of such diseases. As the increased somatic cell counts (SCC) are a direct expression of the inflammatory process, they are candidates to become the usual parameter for assessing udder health regarding milk quality and for monitoring mastitis incidences. Toll-Like Receptors are membrane proteins that play a key role in immunity, recognizing pathogens and, subsequently, activating immune responses. The present study was conducted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene of buffaloes and to analyze its associations with somatic cell counts. DNA samples of 120 Murrah buffaloes were used. The whole coding region of the TLR4 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction reactions and sequenced for polymorphism scanning. A total of 13 polymorphisms were identified for the sequenced regions of the TLR4, most of which are in the coding region. The association with the somatic cell score was highly significant (p < 0.001) for all identified polymorphisms of TLR4 gene (g.54621T>A, g.54429G>T, g.54407T>A, g.46616C>A, g.46613T>G, g.46612A>G, g.46611C>A, g.46609T>G, g.46541C>G, g.46526C>A, g.46516T>C, g.46376C>T, g.46372T>C). Therefore, it is suggested that the markers of the TLR4 gene can be used as molecular markers for mastitis resistance in buffaloes, due to their association with somatic cell counts. Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Animal Biosciences Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock University of Guelph Facultad de Ciências Agrárias Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander Department of Animal and Avian Sciences University of Maryland Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Bahia Department of Animal Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent neoplasia in developed countries and the second leading cause of cancer death in Spain. It develops through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in the normal mucosa, producing advanced adenomas and invasive cancers. This multistep process makes CRC highly traceable, making it a good candidate for the implementation of preventive measures such as screening programs. Although there are different strategies, none of them meet all the criteria for CRC screening purposes. In this context, many molecular alterations involved in CRC carcinogenesis could contribute to the generation of new non-invasive methods with a high sensitivity and specificity. In this review, some of the most promising diagnostic non-invasive biomarkers for CRC will be briefly discussed.

Background: Knowledge of traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) and its use by patients are essential for patient safety. Aims: To examine knowledge of TCM among practitioners in a nephrology unit and their advice to patients. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic data were collected and an ad hoc closed response survey was used. Findings: This study included 62 practitioners, of whom: 32.26% had been trained in TCM, with no significant differences between professional groups; 41.93% used TCM and 67.74% recommended TCM to patients, with no significant difference between personal use and training received. The majority (62.90%) approved of TCM being included in clinical practice, 77.42% were in favour of it being included in formal health teaching programmes, 27.42% said patients had requested information on TCM and 50% knew it could interact with conventional treatment. Conclusion: Although the majority of practitioners had not been trained in TCM, they were interested in including such treatments in clinical practice. They recommended TCM to patients, but neither training nor personal experience were significant factors in relation to these recommendations. Training in TCM is required to ensure advice is safe.

IntroductionIn the USA, transgender women are among the most vulnerable to HIV. In particular, transgender women of colour face high rates of infection and low uptake of important HIV prevention tools, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This paper describes the design, sampling methods, data collection and analyses of the TURNNT (‘Trying to Understand Relationships, Networks and Neighbourhoods among Transgender women of colour’) study. In collaboration with communities of transgender women of colour, TURNNT aims to explore the complex social and environmental (ie, neighbourhood) structures that affect HIV prevention and other aspects of health in order to identify avenues for intervention.Methods and analysesTURNNT is a prospective cohort study, which will recruit 300 transgender women of colour (150 Black/African American, 100 Latina and 50 Asian/Pacific Islander participants) in New York City. There will be three waves of data collection separated by 6 months. At each wave, participants will provide information on their relationships, social and sexual networks, and neighbourhoods. Global position system technology will be used to generate individual daily path areas in order to estimate neighbourhood-level exposures. Multivariate analyses will be conducted to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal, independent and synergistic associations of personal relationships (notably individual social capital), social and sexual networks, and neighbourhood factors (notably neighbourhood-level social cohesion) with PrEP uptake and discontinuation.Ethics and disseminationThe TURNNT protocol was approved by the Columbia University Institutional Review Board (reference no. AAAS8164). This study will provide novel insights into the relationship, network and neighbourhood factors that influence HIV prevention behaviours among transgender women of colour and facilitate exploration of this population’s health and well-being more broadly. Through community-based dissemination events and consultation with policy makers, this foundational work will be used to guide the development and implementation of future interventions with and for transgender women of colour.

This chapter examines the ways in which Latina urban identities have been shaped by popular culture as the “chola/homegirl.” However, this chapter argues that Medina’s novel challenges the seemingly natural alignment of urban Latina identity with the chola by calling for a more expansive view of what it means to be a young, urban Latina. This chapter uses Chicana/Latina feminist theorizing that has examined the chola identity, in addition to sociological research that has studied the ways in which urban girls of color are constructed as “bad” or “delinquent.” This chapter examines the protagonist in light of these theories. Further, the chapter argues that Medina’s novel, in expanding what it means to be a young, urban Latina, questions the ways in which those Latinas who do not model themselves as cholas are victims of identity-policing, rendered not “really” Latina, and dismissed as weirdos or outsiders within this narrow gender/racial identity script that defines chola identity as the only “authentic” young, urban, Latina identity.

Introduction: Plastic cannulas (PC) have shown efficacy in haemodialysis (HD) and are presented as a positive innovation for patients and vascular access survival. Objective: To analyse Spanish HD nurses' experience of using PC. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: An ad hoc questionnaire was administered on nurses' experience of PC use. Results: A total of 163 Spanish HD nurses were surveyed, of whom 42.3% had PC in their workplace and 50.9% had used them. In all, 55.8% had received training and 77.9% wished to receive more training. These needles were significantly more available in public institutions than in private centres (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between years of experience and having received training (p = 0.915). There was a moderate-strong correlation (ρ = 0.659) between greater professional satisfaction with the product and greater patient satisfaction (p < 0.001). The nurses would make a median of two [P25 , 1; P75 , 3] modifications in the product design. The characteristics of the PC were rated positively by 55.8% and negatively by 10.3%. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of the nurses surveyed did not use PC and had not received training in their use. Respondents reported that PC could be improved and a small percentage perceived them negatively.Implications for practice: Based on the evidence presented and available, if we manage to integrate this knowledge and work on the continuum of achieving excellence, we will continue to grow as a profession and provide higher quality care.

Introducción. Los trastornos de sueño tienen una alta prevalencia en los pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica en Hemodiálisis. Un descanso insuficiente o de mala calidad influye negativamente en la actividad cotidiana siendo causa o consecuencia de estados depresivos o ansiosos. Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad del sueño en pacientes en hemodiálisis y su relación con los niveles de depresión y ansiedad. Material y Método. Estudio observacional descriptivo con inclusión de 28 pacientes en hemodiálisis durante febrero de 2017. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, se administró el test Pittsburg de Calidad del Sueño, y se valoró el estado cognitivo con el examen Minimental y la depresión y ansiedad con la Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Resultados. El 82,14% (n=23) presentó insomnio según el test de Pittsburg. Los resultados obtenidos con el HADS fueron positivos para ansiedad en un 21% (n=6) y positivos para depresión en un 35% (n=10). Los resultados en el test Pittsburg se correlacionaron positivamente con los niveles de ansiedad (p=0,004) y depresión (p=0,049). El grado de depresión se correlacionó negativamente con ausencia de deterioro cognitivo (p=0,010). Conclusiones. La calidad del sueño en los pacientes examinados es mala y se pueden relacionar con los resultados de depresión y ansiedad encontrados. Según estos resultados, incluiremos información sobre hábitos de sueño saludables en el proceso de educación a pacientes en hemodiálisis, así como pretendemos mejorar la detección y tratamiento especializado de la ansiedad y depresión.

INTRODUCTION Metalloproteinases play key roles in health and disease, by generating novel proteoforms with variable structure and function. Areas covered: This review focuses on the role of endogenous [a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAMs), ADAMs with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)] and exogenous metalloproteinases in various disease conditions, and describes the application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics to detect qualitative and quantitative changes in protein profiles in tissues and body fluids in disease. Emphasis is placed on the proteomic analysis of exudates collected from affected tissues, including methods that enrich newly generated protein fragments derived from proteolysis in cells, stroma, or extracellular matrix. The use of proteomic analysis of exudates in the study of the local tissue damage induced by metalloproteinases derived from viperid snake venoms is discussed, particularly in relation to extracellular matrix degradation and to the overall pathology of these envenomings. Expert commentary: The information provided by these proteomics approaches is paving the way for the identification of biomarkers based on particular proteolytic signatures associated with different pathologies. Together with other methodological approaches, a comprehensive view of the mechanisms and dynamics of diseases can be achieved. Such basis of knowledge allows for the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches within the frame of 'precision' or 'personalized' medicine.