1. COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study
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Benoît Bernar, Astrid Rojahn, Laura Jones, Elisabeth Schölvinck, Robin Kobbe, Laura Lancella, Delane Shingadia, Fiona Shackley, Lynne McFetridge, Conor Doherty, Cornelius Rau, Nicolaus Schwerk, Oksana Kozdoba, Koen Vanden Driessche, Arnaud G L'Huillier, Jasmin Pfefferle, Srini Bandi, R Song, Andreia Ribeiro, Ivan Solovic, Jonathan P. Glenthoej, Ulrich Heininger, Susana Melendo, Tine Boiy, Uros Krivec, An Bael, Luca Pierantoni, Edda Haberlandt, Miguel Lanaspa, Noémie Wagner, Andrea Lo Vecchio, Francesc Ripoll, Lise Heilmann Jensen, Piero Valentini, Anita Niederer, Roland Berger, Nicole Ritz, Aida M. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Christelle Christiaens, Franziska Zucol, Katy Fidler, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Anna Starshinova, Volker Strenger, Claus Klingenberg, Ilona Lind, Clare S. Murray, Angela Zacharasiewicz, Ivan Pavic, Amanda Williams, Christina Thir, Vera Chechenyeva, Karsten Kötz, Stephanie Thee, Laura Buchtala, Danilo Buonsenso, Patrick Gavin, Rimvydas Ivaškevicius, Sara Debulpaep, Francesca Ippolita Calò Carducci, Marine Creuven, Beatriz Soto, Srđan Roglić, Lola Falcón, Yvonne Beuvink, Petra Zimmermann, Petra Schelstraete, Lynne Speirs, Daniela S. Kohlfürst, Antoni Noguera-Julian, Mihhail Tistsenko, Steven B. Welch, Hanna Schmid, Anastasios Smyrnaios, Laura Minguell, Andrew Riordan, Michael Buettcher, Angelika Berger, Isabel Carvalho, Daan Van Brusselen, Inga Ivaškeviciene, Matilde Bustillo, Valentina Vilc, Folke Brinkmann, Nina Krajcar, Olaf Neth, Alicia Demirjian, Matthias Bogyi, Ulle Uustalu, Maria Tsolia, Borja Ibanez, Elisabeth Whittaker, Ariane Biebl, Irini Eleftheriou, Burkhard Simma, Petra Prunk, Borbàla Zsigmond, Veronika Osterman, Zoe Oliver, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Ulrikka Nygaard, Marcello Lanari, Marc Tebruegge, Olga Bilogortseva, Michael Barker, Svetlana Velizarova, Florian Götzinger, Natalia Gabrovska, Begoña Santiago-García, Benhur Şirvan Çetin, Paddy McMaster, Anna Zschocke, Frances Child, Nick Makwana, Mar Santos, Group, ptbnet COVID-19 Study, Gotzinger F., Santiago-Garcia B., Noguera-Julian A., Lanaspa M., Lancella L., Calo Carducci F.I., Gabrovska N., Velizarova S., Prunk P., Osterman V., Krivec U., Lo Vecchio A., Shingadia D., Soriano-Arandes A., Melendo S., Lanari M., Pierantoni L., Wagner N., L'Huillier A.G., Heininger U., Ritz N., Bandi S., Krajcar N., Roglic S., Santos M., Christiaens C., Creuven M., Buonsenso D., Welch S.B., Bogyi M., Brinkmann F., Tebruegge M., Pfefferle J., Zacharasiewicz A., Berger A., Berger R., Strenger V., Kohlfurst D.S., Zschocke A., Bernar B., Simma B., Haberlandt E., Thir C., Biebl A., Vanden Driessche K., Boiy T., Van Brusselen D., Bael A., Debulpaep S., Schelstraete P., Pavic I., Nygaard U., Glenthoej J.P., Heilmann Jensen L., Lind I., Tistsenko M., Uustalu U., Buchtala L., Thee S., Kobbe R., Rau C., Schwerk N., Barker M., Tsolia M., Eleftheriou I., Gavin P., Kozdoba O., Zsigmond B., Valentini P., Ivaskeviciene I., Ivaskevicius R., Vilc V., Scholvinck E., Rojahn A., Smyrnaios A., Klingenberg C., Carvalho I., Ribeiro A., Starshinova A., Solovic I., Falcon L., Neth O., Minguell L., Bustillo M., Gutierrez-Sanchez A.M., Guarch Ibanez B., Ripoll F., Soto B., Kotz K., Zimmermann P., Schmid H., Zucol F., Niederer A., Buettcher M., Cetin B.S., Bilogortseva O., Chechenyeva V., Demirjian A., Shackley F., McFetridge L., Speirs L., Doherty C., Jones L., McMaster P., Murray C., Child F., Beuvink Y., Makwana N., Whittaker E., Williams A., Fidler K., Bernatoniene J., Song R., Oliver Z., Riordan A., Gotzinger, F., Santiago-Garcia, B., Noguera-Julian, A., Lanaspa, M., Lancella, L., Calo Carducci, F. I., Gabrovska, N., Velizarova, S., Prunk, P., Osterman, V., Krivec, U., Lo Vecchio, A., Shingadia, D., Soriano-Arandes, A., Melendo, S., Lanari, M., Pierantoni, L., Wagner, N., L'Huillier, A. G., Heininger, U., Ritz, N., Bandi, S., Krajcar, N., Roglic, S., Santos, M., Christiaens, C., Creuven, M., Buonsenso, D., Welch, S. B., Bogyi, M., Brinkmann, F., Tebruegge, M., Pfefferle, J., Zacharasiewicz, A., Berger, A., Berger, R., Strenger, V., Kohlfurst, D. S., Zschocke, A., Bernar, B., Simma, B., Haberlandt, E., Thir, C., Biebl, A., Vanden Driessche, K., Boiy, T., Van Brusselen, D., Bael, A., Debulpaep, S., Schelstraete, P., Pavic, I., Nygaard, U., Glenthoej, J. P., Heilmann Jensen, L., Lind, I., Tistsenko, M., Uustalu, U., Buchtala, L., Thee, S., Kobbe, R., Rau, C., Schwerk, N., Barker, M., Tsolia, M., Eleftheriou, I., Gavin, P., Kozdoba, O., Zsigmond, B., Valentini, P., Ivaskeviciene, I., Ivaskevicius, R., Vilc, V., Scholvinck, E., Rojahn, A., Smyrnaios, A., Klingenberg, C., Carvalho, I., Ribeiro, A., Starshinova, A., Solovic, I., Falcon, L., Neth, O., Minguell, L., Bustillo, M., Gutierrez-Sanchez, A. M., Guarch Ibanez, B., Ripoll, F., Soto, B., Kotz, K., Zimmermann, P., Schmid, H., Zucol, F., Niederer, A., Buettcher, M., Cetin, B. S., Bilogortseva, O., Chechenyeva, V., Demirjian, A., Shackley, F., Mcfetridge, L., Speirs, L., Doherty, C., Jones, L., Mcmaster, P., Murray, C., Child, F., Beuvink, Y., Makwana, N., Whittaker, E., Williams, A., Fidler, K., Bernatoniene, J., Song, R., Oliver, Z., and Riordan, A.
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Male ,Delivery of Health Care / organization & administration ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Coronavirus Infections / therapy ,Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology ,law.invention ,Patient Admission ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Risk Factors ,COVID-19 ,children ,Europe ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,ddc:618 ,Intensive care unit ,Coronavirus ,SARS-CoV-2 ,child ,treatment ,intensive care ,Intensive Care Units ,N/A ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Europe / epidemiology ,Coronavirus Infections ,Human ,Cohort study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pneumonia, Viral / epidemiology ,Intensive Care Unit ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Patient Admission / trends ,Intensive Care Units / organization & administration ,Article ,Follow-Up Studie ,03 medical and health sciences ,Betacoronavirus ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Lower respiratory tract infection ,medicine ,Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ,Humans ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,Pandemics ,Pneumonia, Viral / therapy ,Mechanical ventilation ,Betacoronaviru ,Coronavirus Infection ,business.industry ,Risk Factor ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,ptbnet COVID-19 Study Group ,Clinical research ,El Niño ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background To date, few data on paediatric COVID-19 have been published, and most reports originate from China. This study aimed to capture key data on children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across Europe to inform physicians and health-care service planning during the ongoing pandemic. Methods This multicentre cohort study involved 82 participating health-care institutions across 25 European countries, using a well established research network—the Paediatric Tuberculosis Network European Trials Group (ptbnet)—that mainly comprises paediatric infectious diseases specialists and paediatric pulmonologists. We included all individuals aged 18 years or younger with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, detected at any anatomical site by RT-PCR, between April 1 and April 24, 2020, during the initial peak of the European COVID-19 pandemic. We explored factors associated with need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and initiation of drug treatment for COVID-19 using univariable analysis, and applied multivariable logistic regression with backwards stepwise analysis to further explore those factors significantly associated with ICU admission. Findings 582 individuals with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, with a median age of 5·0 years (IQR 0·5–12·0) and a sex ratio of 1·15 males per female. 145 (25%) had pre-existing medical conditions. 363 (62%) individuals were admitted to hospital. 48 (8%) individuals required ICU admission, 25 (4%) mechanical ventilation (median duration 7 days, IQR 2–11, range 1–34), 19 (3%) inotropic support, and one ( Interpretation COVID-19 is generally a mild disease in children, including infants. However, a small proportion develop severe disease requiring ICU admission and prolonged ventilation, although fatal outcome is overall rare. The data also reflect the current uncertainties regarding specific treatment options, highlighting that additional data on antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs are urgently needed. Funding ptbnet is supported by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit.
- Published
- 2020