29 results on '"Crampin, Amelia"'
Search Results
2. Additional file 1 of Intervention development of a brief messaging intervention for a randomised controlled trial to improve diabetes treatment adherence in sub-Saharan Africa
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Leon, Natalie, Namadingo, Hazel, Bobrow, Kirsty, Cooper, Sara, Crampin, Amelia, Pauly, Bruno, Levitt, Naomi, and Farmer, Andrew
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Additional file 1: Interview guide. Interview guide used for the in-depth individual interviews and focus groups with patient participants in Phase 1.
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- 2021
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Catalog
3. Additional file 1 of Community-driven citizen science approach to explore cardiovascular disease risk perception, and develop prevention advocacy strategies in sub-Saharan Africa: a programme protocol
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Okop, Kufre Joseph, Murphy, Kathy, Lambert, Estelle Victoria, Kiya Kedir, Hailemichael Getachew, Rawleigh Howe, Niyibizi, Jean Berchmans, Selemani Ntawuyirushintege, Bavuma, Charlotte, Rulisa, Stephen, Kasenda, Stephen, Chipeta, Effie, Bunn, Christopher, Crampin, Amelia C., Chapotera, Gertrude, King, Abby C., Banchoff, Ann, Winter, Sandra J., and Levitt, Naomi S. more...
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Additional file 1. Ethiopia Administrative and Public Health System overview (Example of country administrative structure and public health system)
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- 2021
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4. Additional file 1 of Assessing the costs and efficiency of HIV testing and treatment services in rural Malawi: implications for future 'test and start' strategies
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Vyas, Seema, Songo, John, Guinness, Lorna, Dube, Albert, Geis, Steffen, Thokozani Kalua, Todd, Jim, Renju, Jenny, Crampin, Amelia, and Wringe, Alison
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InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Data_FILES ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS - Abstract
Additional file 1. : Supplementary Tables.
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- 2020
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5. Additional file 4 of Prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in Malawi: a cross-sectional analysis in a rural and urban population
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Hamilton, Sophie A., Wisdom P. Nakanga, Prynn, Josephine E., Crampin, Amelia C., Fecht, Daniela, Vineis, Paolo, Caplin, Ben, Pearce, Neil, and Moffat J. Nyirenda
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Additional file 4 : Table S4. A comparison of socioeconomic and environmental factors between non-endemic Malawi and endemic regions of Central America and South Asia.
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- 2020
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6. Additional file 3 of Prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in Malawi: a cross-sectional analysis in a rural and urban population
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Hamilton, Sophie A., Wisdom P. Nakanga, Prynn, Josephine E., Crampin, Amelia C., Fecht, Daniela, Vineis, Paolo, Caplin, Ben, Pearce, Neil, and Moffat J. Nyirenda
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Additional file 3 : Table S3. Linear regression models, showing both minimally and fully adjusted models, Area 25 (n = 243).
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- 2020
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7. Additional file 1 of Prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in Malawi: a cross-sectional analysis in a rural and urban population
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Hamilton, Sophie A., Wisdom P. Nakanga, Prynn, Josephine E., Crampin, Amelia C., Fecht, Daniela, Vineis, Paolo, Caplin, Ben, Pearce, Neil, and Moffat J. Nyirenda
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Additional file 1 : Table S1. Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics of overall study participants (prior to exclusion of population with diabetes, hypertension, and heavy proteinuria). more...
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- 2020
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8. Additional file 2 of Prevalence and risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in Malawi: a cross-sectional analysis in a rural and urban population
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Hamilton, Sophie A., Wisdom P. Nakanga, Prynn, Josephine E., Crampin, Amelia C., Fecht, Daniela, Vineis, Paolo, Caplin, Ben, Pearce, Neil, and Moffat J. Nyirenda
- Abstract
Additional file 2 : Table S2. Linear and logistic regression models, showing both minimally and fully adjusted models Bonje (n = 578).
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- 2020
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9. Postpartum uptake of contraception in rural northern Malawi: A prospective study
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Dasgupta, Aisha N.Z., Zaba, Basia, and Crampin, Amelia C.
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Malawi ,Contraception ,Reproductive Medicine ,Postpartum ,Obstetrics and Gynaecology ,Postpartum abstinence ,Amenorrhea - Abstract
Objectives:\ud \ud Cross-sectional estimates of contraceptive use do not provide understanding of time to postpartum uptake. This paper uses a range of Malawian data sources: a prospective study to explore time to uptake of contraception and a cross-sectional survey to assess whether sexually active postpartum women whose fecundity has returned use contraception, and whether abstaining/amenorrheic women report using contraception.\ud Study design:\ud \ud A demographic surveillance site (DSS) in Malawi was used to identify 7393 women aged 15–49 years eligible for a 1-year prospective study of contraception using provider-recorded data on patient-held records (2012–2013). This provided a reliable record of time to uptake of postpartum contraception. The average timing of resumption of sexual activities after postpartum abstinence and return of menses was estimated from a population-based sexual behaviour survey in the DSS (2010–2011).\ud Results:\ud \ud Of 4678 women recruited to the prospective contraception study, 442 delivered an infant during the observation period. Of these, 28.4% used modern contraception within 6 months of delivery. However, at 6–9 months after delivery, only 28.0% women had started menstruation and resumed sexual activities; of these, 77.6% used contraception. Amongst abstaining/amenorrheic women, a quarter reported contraceptive use.\ud Conclusions:\ud \ud The low uptake of postpartum contraception is likely due to many women abstaining and/or experiencing amenorrhea. Self-reports of contraceptive use amongst abstaining/amenorrheic women bring into question the quality of cross-sectional surveys and demonstrate that contraceptive use by women at low risk of pregnancy could contribute to the Malawi paradox of high contraceptive use and high fertility. Given relatively low risk of pregnancy in the postpartum period in this context, a focus on long-acting/permanent methods may be more effective to avert unintended pregnancies.\ud Implications:\ud \ud There has been increasing interest in the utility of postpartum contraceptive programmes to assist women to space births. Our findings suggest that, although uptake of contraception is low, this is partly due to postpartum abstinence and amenorrhea. Provision of long-acting/permanent methods will be more effective for women after delivery. more...
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- 2016
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10. From policy to practice: exploring the implementation of antiretroviral therapy access and retention policies between 2013 and 2016 in six sub-Saharan African countries
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Ambia, Julie, Renju, Jenny, Wringe, Alison, Todd, Jim, Geubbels, Eveline, Nakiyingi-Miiro, Jessica, Urassa, Mark, Lutalo, Tom, Crampin, Amelia C., Kwaro, Daniel, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Chimbindi, Natsayi, Gomez-Olive, F. Xavier, Tlhajoane, Malebogo, Njamwea, Brian, Zaba, Basia, and Mee, Paul more...
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Adult ,Male ,WHO guidelines ,HIV Infections ,0807 Library And Information Studies ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Ambulatory Care ,Health facility survey ,Humans ,Africa South of the Sahara ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Health Policy ,HIV ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Access ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Treatment ,Policy review ,AIDS ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,1117 Public Health And Health Services ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,Retention ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Africa ,Health Policy & Services ,Female ,Guideline Adherence ,Health Facilities ,ART ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Understanding the implementation of 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection at the facility level provides important lessons for the roll-out of future HIV policies. Methods A national policy review was conducted in six sub-Saharan African countries to map the inclusion of the 2013 WHO HIV treatment recommendations. Twenty indicators of policy adoption were selected to measure ART access (n = 12) and retention (n = 8). Two sequential cross-sectional surveys were conducted in facilities between 2013/2015 (round 1) and 2015/2016 (round 2) from ten health and demographic surveillance sites in Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. Using standardised questionnaires, facility managers were interviewed. Descriptive analyses were used to assess the change in the proportion of facilities that implemented these policy indicators between rounds. Results Although, expansion of ART access was explicitly stated in all countries’ policies, most lacked policies that enhanced retention. Overall, 145 facilities were included in both rounds. The proportion of facilities that initiated ART at CD4 counts of 500 or less cells/μL increased between round 1 and 2 from 12 to 68%, and facilities initiating patients on 2013 WHO recommended ART regimen increased from 42 to 87%. There were no changes in the proportion of facilities reporting stock-outs of first-line ART in the past year (18 to 11%) nor in the provision of three-month supply of ART (43 to 38%). None of the facilities provided community-based ART delivery. Conclusion The increase in ART initiation CD4 threshold in most countries, and substantial improvements made in the provision of WHO recommended first-line ART regimens demonstrates that rapid adoption of WHO recommendations is possible. However, improved logistics and resources and/or changes in policy are required to further minimise ART stock-outs and allow lay cadres to dispense ART in the community. Increased efforts are needed to offer longer durations between clinic visits, a strategy purported to improve retention. These changes will be important as countries move to implement the revised 2015 WHO guidelines to initiate all HIV positive people onto ART regardless of their immune status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-017-2678-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. more...
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- 2017
11. Additional file 1: of From policy to practice: exploring the implementation of antiretroviral therapy access and retention policies between 2013 and 2016 in six sub-Saharan African countries
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Ambia, Julie, Renju, Jenny, Wringe, Alison, Todd, Jim, Geubbels, Eveline, Nakiyingi-Miiro, Jessica, Urassa, Mark, Lutalo, Tom, Crampin, Amelia, Kwaro, Daniel, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Natsayi Chimbindi, F. Gomez-Olive, Malebogo Tlhajoane, Njamwea, Brian, Basia Zaba, and Mee, Paul more...
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A description of policies for increasing ART access and improving retention in care by country and date of adoption. (DOCX 28 kb)
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- 2017
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12. Portraying fathers : reproductive journeys in Malawi
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Parrott, Fiona, Nkhata, Misheck, Mwandosya, Blessings, Kapira, Green, Ndovi, Aaron, Makoka, Dorothy, Gondwe, Levie, and Crampin, Amelia C.
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- 2015
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13. Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Antiretroviral Therapy and Markers of Lymphatic Filariasis Infection: A Cross-sectional Study in Rural Northern Malawi
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Tafatatha, Terence, Taegtmeyer, Miriam, Ngwira, Bagrey, Phiri, Amos, Kondowe, Mariot, Piston, Wilson, Molesworth, Anna, Kayuni, Ndoliwe, Koole, Olivier, Crampin, Amelia, Horton, John, and French, Neil more...
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Adult ,Rural Population ,wc_880 ,Malawi ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,wc_503_2 ,Time Factors ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Coinfection ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,wc_503_5 ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,wc_503 ,HIV Infections ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Elephantiasis, Filarial ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,Antigens, Helminth ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are major public health problems. Individuals may be co-infected, raising the possibility of important interactions between these two pathogens with consequences for LF elimination through annual mass drug administration (MDA). Methodology and Principal Findings We analysed circulating filarial antigenaemia (CFA) by HIV infection status among adults in two sites in northern Malawi, a region endemic for both LF and HIV. Stored blood samples and data from two geographically separate studies were used: one a recruitment phase of a clinical trial of anti-filarial agent dosing regimens, and the other a whole population annual HIV sero-survey. In study one, 1,851 consecutive adult volunteers were screened for HIV and LF infection. CFA prevalence was 25.4% (43/169) in HIV-positive and 23.6% (351/1487) in HIV-negative participants (p=0.57). Geometric mean CFA concentrations were 859 and 1660 antigen units per ml of blood (Ag/ml) respectively, geometric mean ratio (GMR) 0.85, 95%CI 0.49-1.50. In 7,863 adults in study two, CFA prevalence was 20.9% (86/411) in HIV-positive and 24.0% (1789/7452) in HIV–negative participants (p=0.15). Geometric mean CFA concentrations were 630 and 839 Ag/ml respectively (GMR 0.75, 95%CI 0.60-0.94). In the HIV-positive group, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use was associated with a lower CFA prevalence, 12.7% (18/142) vs. 25.3% (67/265), (OR 0.43, 95%CI 0.24-0.76). Prevalence of CFA decreased with duration of ART use, 15.2% 0-1 year (n=59), 13.6% >1-2 years (n=44), 10.0% >2-3 years (n=30) and 0% >3-4 years treatment (n=9), p, Author Summary Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and HIV are both major public health problems worldwide and where they co-exist have the potential to interact. The main strategy for LF elimination is annual mass drug administration (MDA). A particular concern is whether HIV, through its impact on the immune system, will interfere with the effectiveness of this approach to control and eliminate LF. We report findings from cross-sectional studies in two separate populations in northern Malawi where both HIV and LF are common. One group (1,851 individuals) were studied at enrolment into a trial of anti-LF treatments, whilst the other study used samples stored from adult participants in a whole population HIV survey (7,863 individuals). Between 5–10% of the study participants were HIV-positive and 24% were LF-infected. We found no evidence that LF infection was more or less common in HIV-positive adults in either population. However, we identified robust evidence that antiretroviral therapy use was associated with lower LF prevalence rates. We have no evidence to suggest HIV will have a detrimental effect on LF control. On the contrary, the evidence suggests that antiretroviral therapy may have beneficial effects and merits further careful evaluation of the anti-filarial properties of these compounds. more...
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- 2014
14. Coreceptor usage, diversity, and divergence in drug-naive and drug-exposed individuals from malawi, infected with hiv-1 subtype c for more than 20 years
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Seager, Ishla, Travers, Simon A., Leeson, Michael D., Crampin, Amelia C., French, Neil, Glynn, Judith R., and McCormack, Grace P.
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disease progression ,south-africa ,long-term nonprogressors ,type-1 infection ,elite suppressors ,neutralizing antibodies ,active antiretroviral therapy ,env genes ,rural malawi ,human-immunodeficiency-virus - Abstract
There are few cohorts of individuals who have survived infection with HIV-1 for more than 20 years, reported and followed in the literature, and even fewer from Africa. Here we present data on a cohort of subtype C-infected individuals from rural northern Malawi. By sequencing multiple clones from long-term survivors at different time points, and using multiple genotyping approaches, we show that 5 of the 11 individuals are predicted as CXCR4 using (by >= 3/5 predictors) but only one individual is predicted as CXCR4 using by all five algorithms. Using any one genotyping approach overestimates the number of predicted CXCR4 sequences. Patterns of diversity and divergence were variable between the HIV-1 long-term survivors with some individuals showing very small amounts of variation and change, and others showing a greater amount; both patterns are consistent with what has been described in the literature. more...
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- 2014
15. Additional file 3: of Identifying mixed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections from whole genome sequence data
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Sobkowiak, Benjamin, Glynn, Judith, Houben, Rein, Mallard, Kim, Phelan, Jody, JosÊ Guerra-Assunção, Banda, Louis, Themba Mzembe, Viveiros, Miguel, McNerney, Ruth, Parkhill, Julian, Crampin, Amelia, and Taane Clark more...
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3. Good health - Abstract
Coverage plots illustrating four Regions of Differences (RDs) in clinically-derived Malawi strains. (PDF 404 kb)
16. Probabilistic Cause-of-death Assignment using Verbal Autopsies
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McCormick, Tyler H., Zehang Richard Li, Calvert, Clara, Crampin, Amelia C., Kahn, Kathleen, and Clark, Samuel J.
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3. Good health - Abstract
In regions without complete-coverage civil registration and vital statistics systems there is uncertainty about even the most basic demographic indicators. In such regions the majority of deaths occur outside hospitals and are not recorded. Worldwide, fewer than one-third of deaths are assigned a cause, with the least information available from the most impoverished nations. In populations like this, verbal autopsy (VA) is a commonly used tool to assess cause of death and estimate cause-specific mortality rates and the distribution of deaths by cause. VA uses an interview with caregivers of the decedent to elicit data describing the signs and symptoms leading up to the death. This paper develops a new statistical tool known as InSilicoVA to classify cause of death using information acquired through VA. InSilicoVA shares uncertainty between cause of death assignments for specific individuals and the distribution of deaths by cause across the population. Using side-by-side comparisons with both observed and simulated data, we demonstrate that InSilicoVA has distinct advantages compared to currently available methods. more...
17. Additional file 2: of Identifying mixed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections from whole genome sequence data
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Sobkowiak, Benjamin, Glynn, Judith, Houben, Rein, Mallard, Kim, Phelan, Jody, JosÊ Guerra-Assunção, Banda, Louis, Themba Mzembe, Viveiros, Miguel, McNerney, Ruth, Parkhill, Julian, Crampin, Amelia, and Taane Clark more...
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parasitic diseases ,3. Good health - Abstract
Analysis and interpretation of Regions of Difference (RD) analysis in clinically-derived Malawi strains. (DOCX 127 kb)
18. Evaluation of Host Serum Protein Biomarkers of Tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa
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Morris, Thomas C., Hoggart, Clive J., Chegou, Novel N., Kidd, Martin, Oni, Tolu, Goliath, Rene, Wilkinson, Katalin A., Dockrell, Hazel M., Sichali, Lifted, Banda, Louis, Crampin, Amelia C., French, Neil, Walzl, Gerhard, Levin, Michael, Wilkinson, Robert J., and Hamilton, Melissa S. more...
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tuberculosis ,diagnosis ,FOS: Clinical medicine ,Immunology ,Africa ,biomarker ,HIV ,protein ,serum ,3. Good health - Abstract
Accurate and affordable point-of-care diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB) are needed. Host serum protein signatures have been derived for use in primary care settings, however validation of these in secondary care settings is lacking. We evaluated serum protein biomarkers discovered in primary care cohorts from Africa reapplied to patients from secondary care. In this nested case-control study, concentrations of 22 proteins were quantified in sera from 292 patients from Malawi and South Africa who presented predominantly to secondary care. Recruitment was based upon intention of local clinicians to test for TB. The case definition for TB was culture positivity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis; and for other diseases (OD) a confirmed alternative diagnosis. Equal numbers of TB and OD patients were selected. Within each group, there were equal numbers with and without HIV and from each site. Patients were split into training and test sets for biosignature discovery. A nine-protein signature to distinguish TB from OD was discovered comprising fibrinogen, alpha-2-macroglobulin, CRP, MMP-9, transthyretin, complement factor H, IFN-gamma, IP-10, and TNF-alpha. This signature had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the training set of 90% (95% CI 86–95%), and, after adjusting the cut-off for increased sensitivity, a sensitivity and specificity in the test set of 92% (95% CI 80–98%) and 71% (95% CI 56–84%), respectively. The best single biomarker was complement factor H [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 70% (95% CI 64–76%)]. Biosignatures consisting of host serum proteins may function as point-of-care screening tests for TB in African hospitals. Complement factor H is identified as a new biomarker for such signatures. more...
19. Probabilistic Cause-of-Death Assignment Using Verbal Autopsies
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McCormick, Tyler H., Zehang Richard Li, Calvert, Clara, Crampin, Amelia C., Kahn, Kathleen, and Clark, Samuel J.
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3. Good health - Abstract
In regions without complete-coverage civil registration and vital statistics systems there is uncertainty about even the most basic demographic indicators. In such regions, the majority of deaths occur outside hospitals and are not recorded. Worldwide, fewer than one-third of deaths are assigned a cause, with the least information available from the most impoverished nations. In populations like this, verbal autopsy (VA) is a commonly used tool to assess cause of death and estimate cause-specific mortality rates and the distribution of deaths by cause. VA uses an interview with caregivers of the decedent to elicit data describing the signs and symptoms leading up to the death. This article develops a new statistical tool known as InSilicoVA to classify cause of death using information acquired through VA. InSilicoVA shares uncertainty between cause of death assignments for specific individuals and the distribution of deaths by cause across the population. Using side-by-side comparisons with both observed and simulated data, we demonstrate that InSilicoVA has distinct advantages compared to currently available methods. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. more...
20. Additional file 3: of Identifying mixed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections from whole genome sequence data
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Sobkowiak, Benjamin, Glynn, Judith, Houben, Rein, Mallard, Kim, Phelan, Jody, JosÊ Guerra-Assunção, Banda, Louis, Themba Mzembe, Viveiros, Miguel, McNerney, Ruth, Parkhill, Julian, Crampin, Amelia, and Taane Clark more...
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3. Good health - Abstract
Coverage plots illustrating four Regions of Differences (RDs) in clinically-derived Malawi strains. (PDF 404 kb)
21. Additional file 1: Table S1. of Recombination in pe/ppe genes contributes to genetic variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages
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Phelan, Jody, Coll, Francesc, Bergval, Indra, Anthony, Richard, Warren, Rob, Sampson, Samantha, Pittius, Nicolaas Gey Van, Glynn, Judith, Crampin, Amelia, Alves, Adriana, Theolis Bessa, Campino, Susana, Keertan Dheda, Grandjean, Louis, Rumina Hasan, Hasan, Zahra, Miranda, Anabela, Moore, David, Panaiotov, Stefan, Joao Perdigao, Portugal, Isabel, Sheen, Patricia, Erivelton De Oliveira Sousa, Streicher, Elizabeth, Helden, Paul Van, Viveiros, Miguel, Hibberd, Martin, Arnab Pain, McNerney, Ruth, and Taane Clark more...
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3. Good health - Abstract
a) The samples used for the assembly (*Malawi [55, 56], Netherlands [57], Pakistan [58], Portugal [59]) and b) the 21 reference strains. Table S2. Lineage, sequence coverage and polymorphism. Ď nucleotide diversity; Lineage 1 Indo-Oceanic; Lineage 2 East-Asian (Beijing); Lineage 3 East-African-Indian; Lineage 4 Euro-American. Table S3. Completeness of pe/ppe gene assemblies. Table S4. List of 87 pe/ppe lineage specific-markers. S synonymous, NS non-synonymous, * genes bolded if there are sites under selection using the Bayes Empirical Bayes method; Lineage 1 Indo-Oceanic; Lineage 2 East-Asian (Beijing); Lineage 3 East-African-Indian; Lineage 4 Euro-American. Table S5. Genes with more than 10 sites under selective pressure (dN/dS (Ď ) >1). Table S6. Epitopes. * identified using netMHCpan, ** epitopes that had sites under positive selection according to the Bayes Empirical Bayes (BEB) method. (DOCX 70 kb) more...
22. Additional file 1 of A comparison of the associations between adiposity and lipids in Malawi and the United Kingdom
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Soares, Ana Luiza G., Banda, Louis, Alemayehu Amberbir, Shabbar Jaffar, Musicha, Crispin, Price, Alison J., Crampin, Amelia C., Moffat J. Nyirenda, and Lawlor, Deborah A.
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2. Zero hunger ,endocrine system diseases ,parasitic diseases ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,3. Good health - Abstract
Additional file 1: Supplementary methods, tables and figures. Table S1. Distribution of covariates in original and imputed data in adolescents in Malawi and the UK, by sex. Table S2. Distribution of covariates in original and imputed data in adults in Malawi and the UK, by sex. Table S3. Age-standardised means lipids, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults, by sex. Table S4. Age-adjusted association between quintiles of BMI and serum lipids in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults, by sex. Table S5. Age-adjusted association between quintiles of WHR and serum lipids in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults, by sex. Table S6. Adjusted association between BMI/WHR and serum lipids in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults. Table S7. Adjusted association between BMI/WHR and dyslipidaemia in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults. Figure S1. Age-standardised prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults, by sex. Figure S2. Age-standardised prevalence of dyslipidaemia in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults, by sex. Figure S3. Adjusted association between quintiles of BMI/WHR in adolescents and adults from Malawi (a) and ALSPAC (b). Figure S4. Age-adjusted association between BMI/WHR and serum lipids in Malawi and the UK. more...
23. Additional file 1 of A comparison of the associations between adiposity and lipids in Malawi and the United Kingdom
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Soares, Ana Luiza G., Banda, Louis, Alemayehu Amberbir, Shabbar Jaffar, Musicha, Crispin, Price, Alison J., Crampin, Amelia C., Moffat J. Nyirenda, and Lawlor, Deborah A.
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2. Zero hunger ,endocrine system diseases ,parasitic diseases ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,3. Good health - Abstract
Additional file 1: Supplementary methods, tables and figures. Table S1. Distribution of covariates in original and imputed data in adolescents in Malawi and the UK, by sex. Table S2. Distribution of covariates in original and imputed data in adults in Malawi and the UK, by sex. Table S3. Age-standardised means lipids, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults, by sex. Table S4. Age-adjusted association between quintiles of BMI and serum lipids in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults, by sex. Table S5. Age-adjusted association between quintiles of WHR and serum lipids in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults, by sex. Table S6. Adjusted association between BMI/WHR and serum lipids in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults. Table S7. Adjusted association between BMI/WHR and dyslipidaemia in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults. Figure S1. Age-standardised prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults, by sex. Figure S2. Age-standardised prevalence of dyslipidaemia in Malawian and UK adolescents and adults, by sex. Figure S3. Adjusted association between quintiles of BMI/WHR in adolescents and adults from Malawi (a) and ALSPAC (b). Figure S4. Age-adjusted association between BMI/WHR and serum lipids in Malawi and the UK. more...
24. Probabilistic Cause-of-Death Assignment Using Verbal Autopsies
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McCormick, Tyler H., Zehang Richard Li, Calvert, Clara, Crampin, Amelia C., Kahn, Kathleen, and Clark, Samuel J.
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3. Good health - Abstract
In regions without complete-coverage civil registration and vital statistics systems there is uncertainty about even the most basic demographic indicators. In such regions, the majority of deaths occur outside hospitals and are not recorded. Worldwide, fewer than one-third of deaths are assigned a cause, with the least information available from the most impoverished nations. In populations like this, verbal autopsy (VA) is a commonly used tool to assess cause of death and estimate cause-specific mortality rates and the distribution of deaths by cause. VA uses an interview with caregivers of the decedent to elicit data describing the signs and symptoms leading up to the death. This article develops a new statistical tool known as InSilicoVA to classify cause of death using information acquired through VA. InSilicoVA shares uncertainty between cause of death assignments for specific individuals and the distribution of deaths by cause across the population. Using side-by-side comparisons with both observed and simulated data, we demonstrate that InSilicoVA has distinct advantages compared to currently available methods. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. more...
25. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight
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NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Iurilli, Maria LC, Zhou, Bin, Bennett, James E, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Sophiea, Marisa K, Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Bixby, Honor, Solomon, Bethlehem D, Taddei, Cristina, Danaei, Goodarz, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Savin, Stefan, Cowan, Melanie J, Bovet, Pascal, Damasceno, Albertino, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hayes, Alison J, Ikeda, Nayu, Jackson, Rod T, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Miranda, J Jaime, Saidi, Olfa, Sebert, Sylvain, Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Gregg, Edward W, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H, 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David, De Ridder, Karin, De Rooij, Susanne R, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D, Jr DeGennaro, Vincent, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Hélène, Delpeuch, Francis, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Dereń, Katarzyna, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-Da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Díaz-Sánchez, María Elena, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Djordjic, Visnja, Do, Ha TP, Dobson, Annette J, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Döring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, Doua, Kouamelan, Dragano, Nico, Drygas, Wojciech, Li Duan, Jia, Duante, Charmaine A, Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B, Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C, Dushpanova, Anar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Egbagbe, Eruke E, Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, 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Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Kheradmand, Motahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Khouw, Ilse MSL, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Dong Wook, Kim, Hyeon Chang, Kim, Jeongseon, Kindblom, Jenny M, Klakk, Heidi, Klimek, Magdalena, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, König, Jürgen, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Korzycka, Magdalena, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kovacs, Viktoria A, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratenova, Jana, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steiner, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kujala, Urho M, Kujundzic, Enisa, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R Krishna, Kunešová, Marie, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, La, Quang Ngoc, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, 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Jardena J, Pudule, Iveta, Puhakka, Soile E, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina, Rakhmatulloev, Sherali, Rakovac, Ivo, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rarra, Vayia, Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A, Rasmussen, Mette, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Regecová, Valéria, Revilla, Luis, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Ribas-Barba, Lourdes, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rinaldo, Natascia, De Wit, Tobias F Rinke, Rito, Ana, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Rivera, Juan A, Robitaille, Cynthia, Roccaldo, Romana, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L, Rosario, Rafaela V, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Roy, Joel GR, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rühli, Frank J, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Moreno, Emma Ruiz, Rusakova, Iuliia A, Jonsson, Kenisha Russell, Russo, Paola, Rust, Petra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sacchini, Elena, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safiri, Saeid, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Samoutian, Margarita, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Santos, Lèlita C, Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Rute, Sanz, Sara Santos, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Savy, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schnohr, Peter, Schöttker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schramm, Stine, Schröder, Helmut, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sein, Aye Aye, Selamat, Rusidah, Sember, Vedrana, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sequera, Victor, Serra-Majem, Luis, Servais, Jennifer, Ševcíková, Ludmila, Shalnova, Svetlana A, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shengelia, Lela, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Silva, Antonio M, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöberg, Agneta, Sjöström, Michael, Skodje, Gry, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobek, Grzegorz, Sobngwi, Eugène, Sodemann, Morten, Söderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti YE, Soemantri, Agustinus, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Sørgjerd, Elin P, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soto-Rojas, Victoria E, Soumaré, Aïcha, Sovic, Slavica, Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente, Sparrenberger, Karen, Spinelli, Angela, Spiroski, Igor, Staessen, Jan A, Stamm, Hanspeter, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Staub, Kaspar, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stevanovic, Ranko, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stoyanova, Ekaterina, Stratton, Gareth, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sturua, Lela, Suárez-Medina, Ramón, Suka, Machi, Sun, Chien-An, Sundström, Johan, Sung, Yn-Tz, Sunyer, Jordi, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Swinburn, Boyd A, Sy, Rody G, Syddall, Holly E, Sylva, René Charles, Szklo, Moyses, Szponar, Lucjan, Tai, E Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanrygulyyeva, Maya, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarp, Jakob, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Braunerová, Radka Taxová, Taylor, Anne, Taylor, Julie, Tchibindat, Félicité, Tebar, William R, Tell, Grethe S, Tello, Tania, Tham, Yih Chung, Thankappan, KR, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thomas, Nihal, Thuesen, Betina H, Tichá, Lubica, Timmermans, Erik J, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Torheim, Liv Elin, Tormo, María José, Tornaritis, Michael J, Torrent, Maties, Torres-Collado, Laura, Toselli, Stefania, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Tran, Thi Tuyet-Hanh, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh TH, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsigga, Maria, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuliakova, Azaliia M, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Twig, Gilad, Tynelius, Per, Tzotzas, Themistoklis, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ukoli, Flora AM, Ulmer, Hanno, Unal, Belgin, Usupova, Zhamyila, Uusitalo, Hannu MT, Uysal, Nalan, Vaitkeviciute, Justina, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, Van Dam, Rob M, Van Der Heyden, Johan, Van Der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, Van Schoor, Natasja M, Van Valkengoed, Irene GM, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio, Varona-Pérez, Patricia, Vasan, Senthil K, Vega, Tomas, Veidebaum, Toomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Velika, Biruta, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, WM Monique, Victora, Cesar G, Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visser, Marjolein, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vladulescu, Mihaela, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vocanec, Dorja, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Ari, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja GM, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Waldhör, Thomas, Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis OA, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, De Souza Wanderley Júnior, Rildo, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Md Yusof, Safiah, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassilis, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilová, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Ko Zaw, Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Zuziak, Monika, Ezzati, Majid, and Filippi, Sarah more...
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2. Zero hunger ,obesity ,BMI ,Epidemiology and Global Health ,underweight ,None ,1. No poverty ,3. Good health ,Research Article - Abstract
Funder: Wellcome Trust; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004440, Funder: Medical Research Council; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265, From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions. more...
26. InterVA-4 as a public health tool for measuring HIV/AIDS mortality: a validation study from five African countries
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Byass, Peter, Calvert, Clara, Miiro-Nakiyingi, Jessica, Lutalo, Tom, Michael, Denna, Crampin, Amelia, Gregson, Simon, Takaruza, Albert, Robertson, Laura, Herbst, Kobus, Todd, Jim, Zaba, Basia, and Wellcome, FAS, BMGF, Global Fund and others more...
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HIV/AIDS ,mortality ,Africa ,verbal autopsy ,InterVA ,Alpha Network ,Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,HIV Infections ,RA648.5-767 ,Young Adult ,Cause of Death ,Measuring HIV Associated Mortality in Africa ,Humans ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ,Aged ,public health ,global health ,epidemiology ,Science & Technology ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,virus diseases ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology ,Middle Aged ,Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi ,Female ,Autopsy ,Public Health ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Abstract
Background: Reliable population-based data on HIV infection and AIDS mortality in sub-Saharan Africa are scanty, even though that is the region where most of the world’s AIDS deaths occur. There is therefore a great need for reliable and valid public health tools for assessing AIDS mortality.Objective: The aim of this article is to validate the InterVA-4 verbal autopsy (VA) interpretative model within African populations where HIV sero-status is recorded on a prospective basis, and examine the distribution of cause-specific mortality among HIV-positive and HIV-negative people.Design: Data from six sites of the Alpha Network, including HIV sero-status and VA interviews, were pooled. VA data according to the 2012 WHO format were extracted, and processed using the InterVA-4 model into likely causes of death. The model was blinded to the sero-status data. Cases with known pre-mortem HIV infection status were used to determine the specificity with which InterVA-4 could attribute HIV/AIDS as a cause of death. Cause-specific mortality fractions by HIV infection status were calculated, and a person-time model was built to analyse adjusted cause-specific mortality rate ratios.Results: The InterVA-4 model identified HIV/AIDS-related deaths with a specificity of 90.1% (95% CI 88.7-91.4%). Overall sensitivity could not be calculated, because HIV-positive people die from a range of causes. In a person-time model including 1,739 deaths in 1,161,688 HIV-negative person-years observed and 2,890 deaths in 75,110 HIV-positive person-years observed, the mortality ratio HIV-positive:negative was 29.0 (95% CI 27.1-31.0), after adjustment for age, sex, and study site. Cause-specific HIV-positive:negative mortality ratios for acute respiratory infections, HIV/AIDS-related deaths, meningitis, tuberculosis, and malnutrition were higher than the all-cause ratio; all causes had HIV-positive:negative mortality ratios significantly higher than unity.Conclusions: These results were generally consistent with relatively small post-mortem and hospital-based diagnosis studies in the literature. The high specificity in cause of death attribution achieved in relation to HIV status, and large differences between specific causes by HIV status, show that InterVA-4 is an effective and valid tool for assessing HIV-related mortality.Keywords: HIV/AIDS; mortality; Africa; verbal autopsy; InterVA; Alpha Network(Published: 18 October 2013)Citation: Glob Health Action 2013, 6: 22448 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.22448SPECIAL ISSUEThis paper is part of the Special Issue Measuring HIV Associated Mortality in Africa. More papers from this issue can be found here and here. more...
27. Evaluation of Host Serum Protein Biomarkers of Tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa
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Morris, Thomas C, Hoggart, Clive J, Chegou, Novel N, Kidd, Martin, Oni, Tolu, Goliath, Rene, Wilkinson, Katalin A, Dockrell, Hazel M, Sichali, Lifted, Banda, Louis, Crampin, Amelia C, French, Neil, Walzl, Gerhard, Levin, Michael, Wilkinson, Robert J, and Hamilton, Melissa S more...
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Adult ,Male ,diagnosis ,HIV ,Fibrinogen ,HIV Infections ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,tuberculosis ,Point-of-Care Testing ,Complement Factor H ,Africa ,HIV-1 ,biomarker ,Humans ,Female ,protein ,serum ,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ,Africa South of the Sahara ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Accurate and affordable point-of-care diagnostics for tuberculosis (TB) are needed. Host serum protein signatures have been derived for use in primary care settings, however validation of these in secondary care settings is lacking. We evaluated serum protein biomarkers discovered in primary care cohorts from Africa reapplied to patients from secondary care. In this nested case-control study, concentrations of 22 proteins were quantified in sera from 292 patients from Malawi and South Africa who presented predominantly to secondary care. Recruitment was based upon intention of local clinicians to test for TB. The case definition for TB was culture positivity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis; and for other diseases (OD) a confirmed alternative diagnosis. Equal numbers of TB and OD patients were selected. Within each group, there were equal numbers with and without HIV and from each site. Patients were split into training and test sets for biosignature discovery. A nine-protein signature to distinguish TB from OD was discovered comprising fibrinogen, alpha-2-macroglobulin, CRP, MMP-9, transthyretin, complement factor H, IFN-gamma, IP-10, and TNF-alpha. This signature had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the training set of 90% (95% CI 86-95%), and, after adjusting the cut-off for increased sensitivity, a sensitivity and specificity in the test set of 92% (95% CI 80-98%) and 71% (95% CI 56-84%), respectively. The best single biomarker was complement factor H [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 70% (95% CI 64-76%)]. Biosignatures consisting of host serum proteins may function as point-of-care screening tests for TB in African hospitals. Complement factor H is identified as a new biomarker for such signatures. more...
28. Additional file 1: Table S1. of Recombination in pe/ppe genes contributes to genetic variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages
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Phelan, Jody, Coll, Francesc, Bergval, Indra, Anthony, Richard, Warren, Rob, Sampson, Samantha, Pittius, Nicolaas Gey Van, Glynn, Judith, Crampin, Amelia, Alves, Adriana, Theolis Bessa, Campino, Susana, Keertan Dheda, Grandjean, Louis, Rumina Hasan, Hasan, Zahra, Miranda, Anabela, Moore, David, Panaiotov, Stefan, Joao Perdigao, Portugal, Isabel, Sheen, Patricia, Erivelton De Oliveira Sousa, Streicher, Elizabeth, Helden, Paul Van, Viveiros, Miguel, Hibberd, Martin, Arnab Pain, McNerney, Ruth, and Taane Clark more...
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3. Good health - Abstract
a) The samples used for the assembly (*Malawi [55, 56], Netherlands [57], Pakistan [58], Portugal [59]) and b) the 21 reference strains. Table S2. Lineage, sequence coverage and polymorphism. Ď nucleotide diversity; Lineage 1 Indo-Oceanic; Lineage 2 East-Asian (Beijing); Lineage 3 East-African-Indian; Lineage 4 Euro-American. Table S3. Completeness of pe/ppe gene assemblies. Table S4. List of 87 pe/ppe lineage specific-markers. S synonymous, NS non-synonymous, * genes bolded if there are sites under selection using the Bayes Empirical Bayes method; Lineage 1 Indo-Oceanic; Lineage 2 East-Asian (Beijing); Lineage 3 East-African-Indian; Lineage 4 Euro-American. Table S5. Genes with more than 10 sites under selective pressure (dN/dS (Ď ) >1). Table S6. Epitopes. * identified using netMHCpan, ** epitopes that had sites under positive selection according to the Bayes Empirical Bayes (BEB) method. (DOCX 70 kb) more...
29. Additional file 2: of Identifying mixed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections from whole genome sequence data
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Sobkowiak, Benjamin, Glynn, Judith, Houben, Rein, Mallard, Kim, Phelan, Jody, JosÊ Guerra-Assunção, Banda, Louis, Themba Mzembe, Viveiros, Miguel, McNerney, Ruth, Parkhill, Julian, Crampin, Amelia, and Taane Clark more...
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parasitic diseases ,3. Good health - Abstract
Analysis and interpretation of Regions of Difference (RD) analysis in clinically-derived Malawi strains. (DOCX 127 kb)
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