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Teachers in institutions of higher education have a very high degree of freedom when designing curricula. They make decisions on learning objectives, content, content organization, teaching arrange...

This research was conducted to investigate the most difficult aspect faced by students in writing. The research question addressed in this research was: “what is the most difficult aspect faced by the students in writing?”.The design of this research was a case study. In conducting this research, the researcher took class XI IPA 1 of SMAN 1 Wundulako as a subject of the research with considerable that the class have the low est score in writing. The researcher used two kinds of data collection. They were questionnaire and interview. The sample of the research was class IX IPA 1 which consisted of 28 students. While in analyzing the data, the researcher analyzed the data of questionnaire by using the formula which proposed by Nazir and for the data of interview the researcher used technique of data analysis proposed Ngabut such as data reduction, data display and verifying and conclusion. In representing the analysis, it was found out that the students of SMAN 1 Wundulako especially in the second grade class XI IPA 1 got four difficulties in writing. They were content organization vocabulary and grammar. From four aspects of three components, the vocabulary mastery aspect was considered as the difficult aspects that faced by the students in writing. The third statement of vocabulary aspect in the questionnaire was a difficulties that often faced by the students. It was shown by the result of questionnaire and interview with the percentage 3,53 mean and writng test also to support its students lack vocabulary, its concluded students of SMAN 1 Wundulako difficulties in writing.

PurposeThis study aims to examine the writing outcomes of 6th-grade students learning English as a second language.Design/methodology/approachIn all 45 students in a text structure instruction (TSI) group were compared with 45 students in a self-regulated strategy instruction (SRSI) group and 43 students receiving traditional writing instruction. SRSI was adapted from the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) model (MacArthur et al., 2015). The SRSD model includes self-regulation writing strategies, text and genre knowledge and think-aloud modeling. Findings allowed for a comparison of TSI and SRSI, in which organization knowledge does not need to be taught using SRSD methods. Measures of writing outcomes, including writing quality and summarization of main ideas, were administered after a one-month intervention.FindingsResults revealed that, compared with traditional instruction, the TSI and SRSI groups each exhibited better writing outcomes. Compared with the traditional instruction group, each technique had a unique impact: SRSI on writing quality, and TSI on main ideas included in written summaries. Linguistic and textual analyses of students’ writing revealed that the TSI and SRSI group learners both demonstrated high syntactic complexity, content organization and lexical variation in their compositions.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study provides empirical evidence that explicit teaching of SRSI writing strategies or TSI can be implemented effectively and elicit gains in elementary school L2 learners’ written output. A clear division does not exist between self-regulated writing strategies and text structure knowledge; the two techniques should be complementary, as suggested in the earlier SRSD model.Originality/valueClassroom-based research has addressed the need to enhance self-regulated capacity in writing. However, writing has become more challenging for primary school learners. In addition, writing is a cognitively demanding process. The plethora of processes involved in writing may be one of the factors that caused difficulties in writing. Thus, writing proficiency relies on the development of text structure knowledge and the fostering of self-regulation capabilities.

This paper aims to evaluate Law Universities Websites in India through webometrics method. A total of 21 Indian Law Universities were taken up for the study homepage of the Universities were taken up for the study and the various web objects were identified and also their locations in the home page of the Universities were analyzed and discussed. The purpose of these universities is to evaluate Law Universities web sites using Alexa Internet. Each Law Universities web site was searched in Alexa databank and relevant data including traffic rank, pages viewed, links, bounce percentage, time on site, search percentage, and Indian/other users were collected.

Big data provides objective data support and services for the development of teachers' professional competence. In another words, it could be an effective way to promote the development of teachers' professional innovation by using the data as the driving force. The article analyzes the characteristics of teachers' professional ability under the big data environment. On this basis, the teacher professional ability development system is designed in detail from the content organization, system construction and implementation process. The design provides a more scientific, objective and comprehensive basis for the realization of dynamic and quantitative analysis of teachers' professional ability, and then provides accurate and personalized services for the development of teachers' professional ability.

Este artículo describe y analiza casos típicos que, en el contexto universitario, utilizan las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación resultando en algún tipo de innovación o mejora curricular en consonancia con los procesos de convergencia europea inherentes al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Los resultados más relevantes de los casos analizados implican cambios que aportan a una mejor organización de los contenidos y la implementación de recursos metodológicos diferentes de los utilizados en la enseñanza regular que redundan en el ejercicio de nuevos roles tanto para el profesorado como para el alumnado. Todo y que estas mejoras apenas explotan todas las posibilidades que los entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje virtuales pueden ofrecer, son un primer paso hacia un cambio de visión respecto de la enseñanza universitaria que necesita ser apuntalado con políticas más definidas tanto en inversión de recursos como en formación e incentivos al profesorado This article describes and analyses several typical cases of using Information and Communication Technology to teach at university. All of them show some kind of educational innovation to contribute to European Higher Education Area.Most remarkable results demonstrate a better learning content organization, the implementation of new methodological approaches to teach and new roles for teachers and students. Improvements don't take advantage of all possibilities of virtual learning environments but they are the first step to a different approach of teaching at university. At last the study also shows the necessity of more clear policies to invest in resources and teaching training

Focusing on the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) website in the Philippines, this study aimed to make it more usable by means of improving its web design while incorporating web user attitude towards the website. In addition, the study determined the relationship between web user attitude and web design elements (Labels Used, Content Organization, and Page Layout). The results of the study showed that the current design of the DFA website had an SUM (combination of the usability metrics) of 0.85σ as compared to the proposed web design (3.20σ). The respondents’ positive emotions increased by 5.00% while their negative emotions decreased by 20% when the optimal alternative design was used.

By using the methods of literature and logical analysis, this work studied the teaching integration path of physical education core literacy. Based on sports teaching to cultivate students' sports emotion and character, sports teaching to cultivate students' sports ability and habit, etc., the integration path of core literacy teaching in sports discipline was proposed. And from the aspects of target recognition, content organization, implementation process, teaching evaluation, etc., the teaching integration path of physical education core literacy was interpreted.

161 teachers of inclusive private kindergartens in Chongqing are sampled by questionnaire as the survey object to study the current teaching design problems, difficulties and influence factors of top class preschool teachers in the field of science. The survey and analysis results show that there are obviously deficiencies of preschool teachers in the objective design, content organization, resource construction and evaluation modes. It is suggested to promote the further improvement of the quality of running a kindergarten in the new era with the current development of science and technology from such aspects as scientific literacy of preschool teachers and science course resource development of kindergartens.

Optical character recognition is a kind of report picture investigation where filtered images that contain either machine printed or composed by hand content commitment to an optical character recognition (OCR) programming and making an interpretation of it into an editable machine discernible computerized content organization. An effort has been made to build up OCR framework for Odia language for that we have taken Self Organizing Map Network (SOM). Research in the field of character recognition for Odia content faces challenges generally in view of its properties like nature, various content styles and setting subordinate conditions of characters and their circumstance with respect to the check. This paper shows the impact of various element extraction strategy based on structural features are utilized in Odia character recognition framework with very high recognition accuracy rate. In this paper we proposed a Self Organizing Map Network (SOM) developed with specific structural features like height, width, cross section, end points to get high recognition accuracy up to 97.55%.

Successful online communities accumulate large amounts of long-term content. However there has been little quantitative, theoretically-motivated exploration of how communities organize such content, nor which community members take responsibility for active organization. We examine one aspect of long-term content organization through link behavior, also exploring role differences between enterprise community leaders and members in the context of life-cycle community models. We first classify how content is linked within posts, identifying usage patterns that organize information within and outside communities. We next present an exploratory quantitative analysis of 2,010 communities including 428,476 posts and 1,246,570 links. We show paradoxically that although mature communities accumulate substantial content, organizing that content using links decreases over time. Further analyses suggest that this arises from a recency bias, with communities being focused on current content. Our results also challenge descriptive lifecycle community models, which propose that regular community members adopt greater responsibility over time. We explore explanations for our findings and implications including new tools that encourage responsibility for active organization, as well as methods for members to revisit critical content.

استهدف البحث الحالي دراسة أثر التفاعل بين نمط الدعم وأسلوب تنظيم المحتوي داخل الفصل الإفتراضي في تنمية مهارات تصميم برمجيات المحاکاه التفاعلية لدي طلاب الدراسات العليا ، تم الإعتماد علي التصميم شبه التجريبي (2x2) بحيث يتضمن التصميم التجريبي متغيرين مستقلين الأول وهونمط الدعم (الثابت / المرن) والثاني أسلوب تنظيم المحتوي (هرمي/ توسعي)، والمتغير التابع مهارات تصميم برمجيات المحاکاه التفاعلية ، تکونت مجموعة البحث من 24 طالب وطالبه بالدبلوم المهني شعبه تکنولوجيا التعلم ، تم توزيعهم عشوائيا علي (4) مجموعات ، تمثلت أدوات البحث في اختبار تحصيلي وبطاقة ملاحظة ، وقد أسفرت نتائج البحث عن وجود فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسطي رتب درجات طلاب المجموعات التجريبية الأربعه في کل من التحصيل المعرفي والأدائي لمهارات تصميم برمجيات المحاکاه التفاعلية من خلال الفصل الإفتراضي يرجع للتاثير الاساسي لاختلاف نمط الدعم (الثابت في مقابل المرن) لصالح المجموعة التي درست بنمط الدعم الثابت ، کذلک اشارت النتائج الي وجود فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسطي رتب درجات طلاب المجموعات التجريبية الاربعه في کل من التحصيل المعرفي والادائي لمهارات تصميم برمجيات المحاکاه التفاعلية من خلال الفصل الإفتراضي يرجع للتاثير الاساسي لاختلاف أسلوب تنظيم المحتوي (الهرمي مقابل التوسعي) لصالح مجموعه تنظيم المحتوي الهرمي، کذلک وجود أثر للتفاعل بين نمطي الدعم (ثابت/ مرن) وأساليب تقديم المحتوي (هرمي/ توسعي ) في الفصول الإفتراضية علي تنمية الجانب المعرفي والادائي لمهارات تصميم برمجيات المحاکاه التفاعلية لدي طلاب الدراسات العليا بکلية التربيةلصالح مجموعة تنظيم المحتوي الهرمي والدعم الثابت. The Interaction between support patterns (stable/ adaptable ) and content organization styles (Hierarchical/ Elaboration ) in virtual cases and its effect on developing skills of implementing interactive simulation programs for graduated students in faculty of education This research aimed to study the effect of interaction between support patterns and content organization styles in a virtual class on developing the skills of implementing interactive simulation programs for post graduate students. Semi experimental design (2x2) was used, it included two independent variables ,the first is electronic support pattern (adaptable vs stable ), the second is content organization style (elaborating vs Hierarchical Organization) The dependent variable is the skills of implementing interactive simulation programs for post graduate students , the research sample was 24 of professional diploma students in instructional technology department was randomly distribute into 4 groups , the research tools are an achievement test and observation checklist the research findings reveals that there is a significant difference among the grades means of the four experiment groups in the achievement test and observation checklist of implementing interactive simulation programs skills due to the main effect of support patterns(adaptable vs stable),In addition, the results reveals that there is a significant difference among the grades means of the four experiment groups in the achievement test and observation checklist of implementing interactive simulation programs skills due to the main effect is content organization style (elaborating vs Hierarchical Organization). Finally there is an effect of interaction support patterns and content organization styles in a virtual class on developing the skills of implementing interactive simulation programs

يهدف البحث الحالي يهدف إلى الکشف عن التفاعل بين نمطي الأنشطة التفاعلية (فردي - تشارکي) ونمطي الإبحار (هرمي - شبکي) في بيئة تعلم إلکتروني وأثره على تنمية مهارات تصميم الرسوم التعليمية المتحرکة ثنائية الأبعاد لدي طلاب تکنولوجيا التعليم ، وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج القائم على التصميم، حيث أعد الباحث أربع معالجات تجريبية، وتمثلت أدوات البحث في اختبار تحصيلي، وبطاقة ملاحظة ، وتم تطبيق تجربة البحث من خلال منصة التعلم (Schoology) على عينة من طلاب قسم تکنولوجيا التعليم بلغ عددهم 148 طالبا تم تقسيمهم إلى أربع مجموعات، وأثبتت النتائج أن التحصيل يکون أعلي لدي ذوي نمط تنظيم المحتوي الهرمي ومدخل فردي بينما أقل المجموعات (جماعي – الشبکي) وبذلک يکون اتجاه الفروق بين المجموعات (فردي هرمي - فردي شبکي - جماعي هرمي - جماعي شبکي)، کما أن بطاقة الأداء لمهارات يکون أعلى لدى ذوي نمط تنظيم المحتوي الهرمي ومدخل فردي بينما أقل المجموعات (جماعي – الشبکي) وبذلک يکون اتجاه الفروق بين المجموعات (فردي هرمي - فردي شبکي - جماعي هرمي - جماعي شبکي). The current research aims at uncovering the effort of reaction between the two styles of interactive activities (individual- collaborative) and two styles of navigation (pyramidical- networking) in digital learning environment and its effect on the skills of designing 2D animations for education technology students. The researcher used design based approach. The researcher prepared four experimental wizards. The tools of research are embodied on achievement test and score card. The research experiment was conducted through “Schoology” platform on a sample of second year students educational technology department. They were 148 students grouped into 4 groups. The results proved that the pyramidical pattern of content organization combined with individual approach where (collaborative – networking) is the best. The level significance was in the following direction (individual pyramidical- individual networking- collaborative pyramidical- collaborative networking). Score card for skills is much higher for students with pyramidical pattern and individual approachs, wher the least for (collaborative, networking). So the level of significance with in groups goes in the direction (individual pyramidical- individual networking- collaborative pyramidical- collaborative networking).

In recent years, profound transformations have taken place in the treatment, access and use of information, leading to the emergence of several concepts that reflect specific functions performed by Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals. The objective of this study is to identify the terminology related to emerging roles in the area of information science, quantifying the extent to which this terminology appears in the scientific literature and the extent to which it is associated with LIS. The roles most closely associated with LIS come under the categories of "librarianship" and "treatment and provision of document services", revealing their enduring status as the core areas of the discipline. However, we identified several other roles related to content organization and management, the web, and knowledge management, which constitute other potential career opportunities for LIS professionals, although in today's competitive job market a number of disciplines are vying to claim these roles as their own. Teaching, research support and advisory roles related to the ethical and legal issues in information science constitute other important emerging career prospects.

The aim of the paper is considering the features of the content organization of the written English scientific medical works of various genres in the diachronic aspect.Results. The compositional and structural features of the English written medical scientific text have undergone significant changes over the long period of its formation and development.Conclusions. The specificity of the English written scientific text on medicine and its content organization is due to both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors.Â

The article investigates the problem of discipline integration in the training of future music teachers aside with the necessity of improving the content and forms of work in this direction. It is emphasized that training students for choir mastering practice, integrating conducting and choral disciplines is of particular importance. Integration contributes to the establishment of system understanding through deliberate learning, and reflecting and block storing the cognition. The article singles out and describes the implementation stages and forms of discipline integration in the students’ training. It is noted that the content of each individual discipline should be viewed as an integral part of the organic content of a specific profile specialist training, where function of adiscipline is a crucial part in achieving the ultimate goal of learning. It is claimed that the essential part of content organization is determination of the optimalsequence of study topics in a course. Besides, it is important to find out which place in conducting and choral disciplines every lesson takes, and what its educational goals and their accordance to educational objectives are. The idea of the article is that the block-parallel system of education can facilitate the fullassimilation of knowledge. Combining different units of conducting and choral disciplines into one block can also be very effective. This way the integration of disciplines is built by consistently increasing degree of association and their interaction.

Desde el año 1876, cuando Melvil Dewey publicó la primera edición de su sistema de clasificación bibliográfico, este ha ido evolucionando como un sistema de clasificación muy firme y adaptable que permite organizar de manera práctica el conocimiento, incluso en la Internet. El presente artículo, es derivado de una investigación doctoral desarrollada durante 5 años acerca de diferentes aspectos semánticos, epistemológicos, históricos y tecnológicos de la Clasificación Decimal Dewey, intentará mostrar la vigencia de este Sistema, a raíz de las nuevas tendencias en organización del conocimiento, mostrando esto desde la perspectiva de la evolución y su forma de adaptarse debido a los cambios tecnológicos y las tendencias actuales de la organización de contenidos.

A plant parasite obligately parasitizing another plant parasite is referred to as epiparasite, which is extremely rare in angiosperms, and their complete plastome sequences have not been characterized to date. In this study, the complete plastomes of two flowering epiparasites: Phacellaria compressa and P. glomerata (Amphorogynaceae, Santalales) were sequenced. The plastomes of both species are of similar size, structure, gene content, and arrangement of genes to other hemiparasites in Santalales. Their plastomes were characterized by the functional loss of plastid-encoded NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase and infA genes, which strongly coincides with the general pattern of plastome degradation observed in Santalales hemiparasites. Our study demonstrates that the relatively higher level of nutritional reliance on the host plants and the reduced vegetative bodies of P. compressa and P. glomerata do not appear to cause any unique plastome degradation compared with their closely related hemiparasites.

Backgrounds: The transition to a heterotrophic lifestyle triggers reductive evolution of plastid genome (plastome) in both photosynthetic and non–photosynthetic parasites. A plant parasite parasitizing another plant parasite is referred to as epiparasitism, which is extremely rare in angiosperms. In despite of the particularly special lifeform of epiparasitic plants, their plastomes have not been characterized to date. Sequending such plastomes may enable new insights into the evolutionary pathway of plastome degradation associated with parasitism. Results: In this study, we generated complete plastomes of Phacellaria compressa and P. glomerata (Santalaceae, Santalales) through Illumina shotgun sequencing. Plastome assembly and comparison indicated that plastomes of both species exhibit the quadripartite structure typical of angiosperms, and that they possess similar size, structure, gene content, and arrangement of genes to other hemiparasites in Santalales, especially to those hemiparasites in Santalaceae. The plastomes of P. compressa and P. glomerata were characterized by the functional loss of plastid–encoded NAD(P)H–dehydrogenase and infA genes, which strongly coincides with the general pattern of plastome degradation observed in Santalales hemiparasites. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the shift to epiparasitism and reduced vegetative bodies in P. compressa and P. glomerata do not appear to cause any unique plastome degradation compared with their closely related hemiparasites. The epiparasitic lifestyle or an endophytic growth form observed in these two epiparasites may have limited impact on the reductive modification of their plastomes.

Writing implicates conveying or communicating ideas or thoughts obliges the media either in conventional (paper and pen) or digital material (computer). This research applied a pre-experimental approach with one group pretest and post-test design. The independent variable is movie trailers as teaching media. The dependent variable is students' writing skills consist of content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics. This research indicated a significant difference in writing skills before and after the treatment using movie trailers with narrative text. There were 30 writing class students participated in this research; hence, they are homogeneous. Students seemed to be more encouraged to learn more about writing skills with enjoyable and relaxing strategies. This research signposted significant impact on the movie trailer's usage of writing skills’ improvement. Movie trailers could be used as one of the learning media to foster students' resolution in telling stories in writing based on the imagination that comes after watching. Therefore, this research recommends using a movie trailer as one strategy to improve the students' writing ability.

vii CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Motivation 6 Problem Statement 9 Content Organization 10 CHAPTER 2—APPROACH TO RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND VALIDATION 12 Case Study Protocol 12 Case Study Process 14 Case Study Selection 14 Case Study Agency Synopsis 16 CHAPTER 3—FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING A PRECONSTRUCTION SERVICES COST ESTIMATING MODEL FOR HIGHWAY PROJECTS 25 Abstract 25 25 Introduction 25 Background 26 Methodology 29 Results 30 Conclusions 36 CHAPTER 4— A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH TO ESTIMATING PRECONSTRUCTION SERVICES COST 38

ix Chapter 1—Introduction 1 Background 2 Project Delivery Methods 2 Preconstruction Phase 6 Independent Cost Estimate 11 Motivation 12 Problem Statement 13 Content Organization 14 Chapter 2—Overall Approach to Research Methodology and Validation 15 Chapter 3—Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Construction Manager/General Contractor Project Delivery: The View From the Field 18 Abstract 18 18 Introduction 19 Motivation 20 Literature Review 20 Results of the CMGC Peer Exchange Content Analysis 22 Benefits 26 Challenges 27 Conclusions 29 Acknowledgements 30

Wisdom Education leads the development of education. Unfortunately, the current college classroom teaching still remains at the level of knowledge and skill training, where students can master knowledge but lack of innovation ability. With “communication theory” as an example, the application of wisdom Education is explored. The practice results indicate that this method can give full play to the initiative of students and stimulate students’ potential. In conclusion university teaching should aim at cultivating intelligent talent, content organization should realize the transformation from knowledge to wisdom, and teaching organization should take into account the diversity, self-learning is the starting point of wisdom teaching.

Las estrategias pedagógicas son los planes de acción encaminados a gestionar los aspectos relacionados con la secuenciación y organización de los contenidos, especificación de las actividades de aprendizaje, y decidir cómo entregar el contenido y las actividades en los procesos de enseñanza. En este artículo se presenta un enfoque para la personalización de las estrategias pedagógicas en Sistemas Tutoriales Inteligentes utilizando reglas de conocimientos pedagógicos en un entorno Web. La adaptación de las estrategias pedagógicas que se hace con base en un modelo pedagógico multinivel. Un Sistemas Tutorial Inteligente llamado FUNPRO fue desarrollado para la validación del modelo pedagógico multinivel. Los resultados de las pruebas empíricas muestran que el modelo pedagógico multinivel permite a FUNPRO mejorar el proceso de personalización de estrategias pedagógicas debido a la reducción de las recomendaciones inapropiadas.

This paper presents an age-friendly system for improving the elderly's online shopping experience. Different from most related studies focusing on website design and content organization, we propose to integrate three assistive techniques to facilitate the elderly's browsing of products in E-commerce platforms, including the crowd-improved speech recognition, the multimodal search, and the personalized speech feedback. The first two techniques, namely, the crowd-improved speech recognition and the multimodal search, work together to allow the elderly search for desired products flexibly using either speech, an image, text, or any combination of them whichever are convenient for the elderly. The personalized speech feedback provides a speech summary of search result in a personalized voice. That is, the elderly are allowed to choose or even create their desired voices, and also can customize the voices in terms of pitch, speaking speed, and loudness. As a whole, the proposed system is expected to help and engage the elderly's E-commerce adoption. Testing on real-world E-commerce product datasets demonstrated the usability of the proposed system.

In appropriate presentations, each topic must be explained logically. To prepare appropriate presentation slides, all of the topics related to the research must be fully elucidated. The objective of this research is to help presenters derive enough topics that cogently explain their research theme. This paper proposes the logical model for the topics in the research presentation of the computer science field. Then, content organization support system that helps presenters organize topics based on the logical model is developed. Based on the experiment, our system was effective for creating a new contents and for organizing contents.

This paper presents an organization model for personalized didactic contents used in individual study environments. For many students the availability of contents in a general form might not be effective. A multilevel structure of concepts is proposed to provide different presentation combinations of the same content. Our work shows that it is possible to personalize the didactic content in order to encourage students, by using proximal learning patterns. These patterns are obtained from the analysis of the actions of students with positive results in the individual content organization. The system uses artificial intelligence techniques to reactively organize and personalize content. Personalization is made possible by means of an artificial neural network that classifies the student's profile and assigns it a proximal learning pattern. Expert rules are used to mediate and adjust the contents reactively. Experimental results indicate that the approach is efficient and provides the student a better use of the content with adaptive and reactive personalized presentation. Introduces multilevel structure of contents.A multilevel structure of concepts allow an automatized and personalized content presentation of contents.Introduces proximal learning patterns for personalization.Employ of artificial intelligence in computational organization of didactic contents.Artificial neural network on student's classification in proximal learning patterns.

The objectives of this study are to: (1) describe the appropriateness of textbooks used by seventh grade junior high school with the criteria of good textbooks developed by Ur’s theory, and (2) reveal the strengths and weaknesses of each textbook. This research was conducted using evaluation research. The data was obtained through document analysis and interviewing expert. Ur’s theory was used to analyze the data. The objects of this research for analysis were two English textbooks; WERB and Bright for seventh grade junior high school. The research found out When English Ring a Bell meets eight criteria of a good textbook by Ur. They are: objectives explicitly laid out in an introduction, attractive layout and visual material, interesting and various topics, the content organization, and graded adequate guidance for the teacher, and readiness of the textbook. Bright meets all the criteria of a good textbook. The researcher also found the strength of WERB lies in its colorful and attractive layout and the textbook also presents various topics that motivate the students to practice actively. There is teachers’ book as guidelines. Meanwhile, the strength of Bright lies in clear layout, pictures and illustration, four skills are covered. Its main weaknesses are the dull color of this textbook and no teacher’s book is provided. The researcher concludes that Bright is better than WERB. This book is appropriate with criteria of good textbooks and used by teacher and student. It is available in many bookstores. Bright is also compatible in terms of coherence and unity of ideas among units and language content.

Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever as principais estratégias de ensino adequadas à didática do ensino superior. Mediante a pesquisa bibliográfica apura-se a presença de catorze estratégias de ensino aplicáveis ao âmbito das universidades: Aula Expositiva, Perguntas e Respostas, Estudo Dirigido, Fichas Didáticas, Método de Solução de Problemas, Método de Projetos, Trabalho em Grupo, Estudo in loco, Jogos, Dramatização, Seminário, Debate, Método da Descoberta e Unidades Didáticas. Ademais, propõe-se a classificação dessas estratégias em três categorias – individuais, coletivas e mistas. Por fim, sugere-se o uso de duas ou mais estratégias de ensino, tendo como base a associação de quatro elementos didáticos: planejamento, organização de conteúdos, estratégias de ensino e avaliação.

Developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition Care Manual serves as an evidence-based, point-of-care tool for students, educators, and professionals. The content covers the most common nutrition issues, professional background information, treatment plans, and patient education information. However, the user interface is confusing with few paths for logical search or navigation and lacks many of the common features users expect from most electronic resources, such as permalinks or mobile viewing. While the content and flexibility meet a previously unfulfilled need in allied health resources, the interface problems hinder maximum utilization of the content quickly. Author’s Note: In September 2013, the Academy announced a series of updates to NCM including easier mobile navigation and content organization that may differ slightly from the body of this review.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) provide an effective learning platform with various high-quality educational materials accessible to learners from all over the world. However, current MOOCs lack personalized learning guidance and intelligent assessment for individuals. Though a few recent attempts have been made to trace students' knowledge states by adapting the popular Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) model, they have largely ignored the rich structures and correlations among knowledge components (KCs) within a course. This paper proposes to model both the hierarchical and the temporal properties of the knowledge states in order to improve the modeling accuracy. Based on the content organization characteristics on the Coursera MOOC platform, we provide a well-defined KC model, and develop Multi-Grained-BKT and Historical-BKT to capture the above features effectively. Experiments on a Coursera course dataset show our approach significantly improves over previous vanilla BKT models on predicting students' quiz performance.

In order to solve the application ability and innovation ability shortage of the mechanical professional university graduates in Building class colleges and universities,the tentative reform innovation has been done in training Objectives, training scheme, content organization under course system,and assessment methods.The results show the above-mentioned methods are feasible by the implementation of inspection in two terms mechanical professional university graduates in our school.It can be the valuable experience and must be further popularize.

Para-professionals in the library services are library associates, library technicians, or library assistants who assist the professional librarians in library-related task. Mining the literature unveiled that studies investigating the required competencies on para-professional are still very limited. To address this gap, this paper reports a study that was conducted with the purpose to identify the required competencies of para-professionals in the library services. Adopting the survey research methodology, data were collected using questionnaires from 502 para-professional librarians working with the Sarawak State Library in Sarawak, Malaysia. The findings suggest that all the seven sets of competencies, namely general competencies; Agency and Organizational Knowledge; Reference and Research; Collection Management; Content Organization and Structure and Library Technology Management are either moderately or highly required by the para-professionals. Based on these findings, the appropriate training needs could be identified.

Chaplains write for varied contexts; however, few are experienced in writing for peer-reviewed research journals. This article outlines the sections contained in a standard research publication. It walks the novice research chaplain through each section addressing content and organization as well as common pitfalls to avoid. These sections are identified as introduction, literature review, methods, results, discussion and conclusion. The article also offers insight into the use of references, development of an abstract and the review process for manuscript submissions.

The purpose of this study is to contribute in developing guidebooks that can be used in the courses of needlework study by comparing and analyzing the contents and organizations of needlework-related teaching resources available at the present university and fashion-related educational institutions. This research could help us train technical human resources to be highly adaptable in industrial settings. The results of this study showed that the overall organization of contents is mostly divided into such categories as needlework kits, basic hand sewing, seam finishing, partial needlework and decorative needlework. The study results also indicated that such content organization must be considered in basic needlework/sewing processes and that each content needs to provide more various and detailed information by reflecting recent trends in design. Partial needlework has different applications in terms of interlining attachment, subsidiary materials, or sewing techniques; therefore, consistent descriptions and standard guidelines should be given according to what material is used and which design is planned. This study found that most teaching resources covered only needlework or sewing techniques without giving specific descriptions of types of materials, lining and interlining that can have great influence on sewing methods and instructions on how to use the materials. These findings suggest that the teaching resources need to add further technical instructions for the proper use of materials especially in response to the recent release of brand-new materials and sewing machines in the market.