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Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Measures used in the COVID-IMPACT study.

Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. Number of the participants involved in the study from each country and geographical region.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique for the detection of small analytes with great potential for medical diagnostic applications. Its high sensitivity and excellent molecular specificity, which stems from the unique fingerprint of molecular species, have been applied toward the detection of different types of cancer. The noninvasive and rapid detection offered by SERS highlights its applicability for point-of-care (PoC) deployment for cancer diagnosis, screening, and staging, as well as for predicting tumor recurrence and treatment monitoring. This review provides an overview of the progress in label-free (direct) SERS-based chemical detection for cancer diagnosis with the main focus on the advances in the design and preparation of SERS substrates on the basis of metal nanoparticle structures formed via bottom-up strategies. It begins by introducing a synopsis of the working principles of SERS, including key chemometric approaches for spectroscopic data analysis. Then it introduces the advances of label-free sensing with SERS in cancer diagnosis using biofluids (blood, urine, saliva, sweat) and breath as the detection media. In the end, an outlook of the advances and challenges in cancer diagnosis via SERS is provided.

A coupled Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC) – Anaerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) system was settled to investigate for the first time the ability of various carbon-based electrodes to enhance biodegradation of real bilge water (BW) and increase methane generation as an emerging technology for converting organic matter into value-added products. Results revealed that the performance of the three types of electrodes named carbon foam (CF), carbon cloth (CC) and three-dimensional graphene foam (3DG), was both time and organic load content dependent during the experimental cycles. Cumulative CH4 generation reached 235 mL in just 13 days after feeding the AGS with 50% of BW and application of 1.0 V at 3DG electrodes, followed by CC electrodes (148.3 mL). CF proved to be more resistant in higher BW concentration showing a sufficient performance of 1 month. However, in the third cycle, the performances of MECs containing 3DG and CC were higher compared to the CF and the control. Over the first cycle, the soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (sCOD) removal was found to be around 70% to all MECs, and this value was around 10% higher than the control. Among the different Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs), acetic acid was identified in the highest concentration in the first cycle, whereas propionic acid was detected in the second and third cycles. Microbial profile analysis showed that Methanobacterium and Desulfovibrio had substantially higher abundances in the cathodes than in the suspended anaerobic sludge. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation of the used electrodes pointed out the formation of various crystalline compounds on their surface, which were different for the anode and cathode.

Whilst information on the impact of COVID-19 on cancer care continues to increase exponentially, little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and coping behaviors of cancer patients. This study constitutes a sub-study of a large international survey conducted during the first wave of the pandemic, looking specifically at the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and protective behaviors of cancer participants, compared to non-cancer participants. It also explored whether cancer participants perceived COVID-19 as a bigger threat compared to their cancer and whether this perception affected their psychological outcomes, such as their perceived level of stress. Overall, cancer participants appeared better adapted compared to non-cancer participants, well-functioning, resilient and able to adjust, and prepared to deal with what is otherwise a worldwide crisis; perhaps as a result of their previous cancer experience. Whilst good news, these results should not lead to a dismissal of the specific needs of cancer patients and as the pandemic drags on, cancer population dedicated studies should be performed to ensure adequate care for these patients. Sin financiación 6.639 JCR (2020) Q1, 51/242 Oncology 1.818 SJR (2020) Q1, 63/354 Oncology No data IDR 2020 UEM

Background The COVID-19 pandemic triggered vast governmental lockdowns. The impact of these lockdowns on mental health is inadequately understood. On the one hand such drastic changes in daily routines could be detrimental to mental health. On the other hand, it might not be experienced negatively, especially because the entire population was affected. Methods The aim of this study was to determine mental health outcomes during pandemic induced lockdowns and to examine known predictors of mental health outcomes. We therefore surveyed n = 9,565 people from 78 countries and 18 languages. Outcomes assessed were stress, depression, affect, and wellbeing. Predictors included country, sociodemographic factors, lockdown characteristics, social factors, and psychological factors. Results Results indicated that on average about 10% of the sample was languishing from low levels of mental health and about 50% had only moderate mental health. Importantly, three consistent predictors of mental health emerged: social support, education level, and psychologically flexible (vs. rigid) responding. Poorer outcomes were most strongly predicted by a worsening of finances and not having access to basic supplies. Conclusions These results suggest that on whole, respondents were moderately mentally healthy at the time of a population-wide lockdown. The highest level of mental health difficulties were found in approximately 10% of the population. Findings suggest that public health initiatives should target people without social support and those whose finances worsen as a result of the lockdown. Interventions that promote psychological flexibility may mitigate the impact of the pandemic.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic triggered vast governmental lockdowns. The impact of these lockdowns on mental health is inadequately understood. On the one hand such drastic changes in daily routines could be detrimental to mental health. On the other hand, it might not be experienced negatively, especially because the entire population was affected. Methods The aim of this study was to determine mental health outcomes during pandemic induced lockdowns and to examine known predictors of mental health outcomes. We therefore surveyed n = 9,565 people from 78 countries and 18 languages. Outcomes assessed were stress, depression, affect, and wellbeing. Predictors included country, sociodemographic factors, lockdown characteristics, social factors, and psychological factors. Results Results indicated that on average about 10% of the sample was languishing from low levels of mental health and about 50% had only moderate mental health. Importantly, three consistent predictors of mental health emerged: social support, education level, and psychologically flexible (vs. rigid) responding. Poorer outcomes were most strongly predicted by a worsening of finances and not having access to basic supplies. Conclusions These results suggest that on whole, respondents were moderately mentally healthy at the time of a population-wide lockdown. The highest level of mental health difficulties were found in approximately 10% of the population. Findings suggest that public health initiatives should target people without social support and those whose finances worsen as a result of the lockdown. Interventions that promote psychological flexibility may mitigate the impact of the pandemic.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic triggered vast governmental lockdowns. The impact of these lockdowns on mental health is inadequately understood. On the one hand such drastic changes in daily routines could be detrimental to mental health. On the other hand, it might not be experienced negatively, especially because the entire population was affected. Methods The aim of this study was to determine mental health outcomes during pandemic induced lockdowns and to examine known predictors of mental health outcomes. We therefore surveyed n = 9,565 people from 78 countries and 18 languages. Outcomes assessed were stress, depression, affect, and wellbeing. Predictors included country, sociodemographic factors, lockdown characteristics, social factors, and psychological factors. Results Results indicated that on average about 10% of the sample was languishing from low levels of mental health and about 50% had only moderate mental health. Importantly, three consistent predictors of mental health emerged: social support, education level, and psychologically flexible (vs. rigid) responding. Poorer outcomes were most strongly predicted by a worsening of finances and not having access to basic supplies. Conclusions These results suggest that on whole, respondents were moderately mentally healthy at the time of a population-wide lockdown. The highest level of mental health difficulties were found in approximately 10% of the population. Findings suggest that public health initiatives should target people without social support and those whose finances worsen as a result of the lockdown. Interventions that promote psychological flexibility may mitigate the impact of the pandemic. This work was supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation awarded to Andrew T. Gloster (PP00P1_ 163716/1 & PP00P1_190082) 3.240 JCR (2020) Q2, 26/72 Multidisciplinary Sciences 0.990 SJR (2020) Q1, 13/135 Multidisciplinary No data IDR 2020 UEM

The formation of different types of structural polymorphs of poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) (P3HT) affects the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices that use thermally annealed P3HT:PCBM[60] blend films as a photoactive layer. Here it is demonstrated that when densely packed and nondensely packed P3HT polymorphs coexist in the P3HT:PCBM[60] layer, nongeminate charge recombination is fast however, in a device nongeminate recombination is effectively overruled by efficient and fast charge carrier extraction. In stark contrast, when only a less densely packed P3HT polymorph is present in the blend, nongeminate charge recombination losses are less pronounced, and the charge carrier extraction efficiency is lower. The antagonistic nongeminate charge recombination and charge carrier extraction processes in these systems are monitored by time-delayed collection field (TDCF) and ultrafast transient absorption (TA) experiments. Furthermore, resonance Raman spectroscopy reveals that in the absence of the densely packed P3HT polymorph the energetic disorder present in the P3HT:PCBM[60] blend is higher. High-resolution atomic force microscopy imaging further identifies pronounced differences in the layer morphology when the polymorph distribution varies between unimodal and bimodal. These results indicate that less densely packed P3HT polymorphs increase disorder and impede charge collection, leading to a reduction of the device fill factor. 122 51 29141 29149

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Nanoindentation is employed to investigate at the nanoscale the mechanical properties of multiply-interpenetrated N,N-dimethylacrylamide hydrogels cross-linked using N,N′-methylenebis(acrylamide). The main result from these measurements is the determination of the hardness of the materials, that is, their resistance to penetration by the nanoindenter, which increases with network multiplicity, arising from the increase in network compactness with multiplicity. In addition to hardness, the nanoindentation elastic modulus and the percentage of recoverable energy are also determined, and both are found to increase with network multiplicity as well. A general conclusion from this study is that nanoindentation is a facile and fast method for the characterization of a number of mechanical properties of hydrogels, with the important advantage of small amount of sample required for the measurements. 385 1

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A cancer diagnosis is one of the most difficult diagnoses for any person to receive and cope with. Numerous individuals turn to religion or their spiritual beliefs to find meaning through the process of coping with such a serious illness. Therefore, in recent years research on religious coping has received increased attention. The aim of the present paper is to examine the area of religious coping, along with its dimensions and ways to assess it, as it relates to cancer. Moreover, this paper presents a relatively new approach to the psychological treatment of individuals with cancer. Namely, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a spiritually and religiously sensitive treatment. This approach aims to first explore a person's values (including spiritual and religious values), to subsequently help the person accept any experience that the person has no control over in light of these values, and to then commit and take actions consistent with these values. Recent evidence providing initial support for this approach is discussed. Finally, a case example is presented to illustrate how ACT may be carried out to address religious coping in outpatient clinical practice with cancer patients. © 2010. 17 4 371 381 Cited By :16; Export Date: 17 July 2017

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Background: Smoking has been internationally recognized as an epidemic contributing to major health problems. Smoking contributes to most of the preventable deaths worldwide. Although Cyprus is considered among developed countries with high smoking prevalence (estimates of 2535 of the population), not much has been done for the systematic scientific study of this problem, especially in adolescence. The present study aimed to investigate smoking prevalence and related factors among Cypriot adolescents. Methods: Participants were selected through stratified random sampling. The final sample included two subpopulations: middle (n 1085) and high (n 767) school students. Results: Six percent of middle school students reported being regular smokers. This climbed to 24 among high school students. Smoking prevalence increases with age, and appears higher in boys than in girls. Smoking is quite common in the participants families, particularly among fathers. Cigarette and smoke exposure in the home was high, as only a fifth of the students reported smoking never being allowed in the home. Exposure to actors smoking on television was the norm (6267) with low reported exposure to anti-smoking messages. Having friends who smoke, exposure to others smoking and low educational aspirations were significant predictors of smoking for both groups. Additional predictors, which were different for middle and high school students, were identified. Conclusion: Further research to investigate the nature of these effects is required and to provide further insight into the psychosocial parameters affecting smoking. These results can guide possible prevention and intervention programs for adolescents, and suggest the importance of following a systemic approach. 19 6 655 661 Cited By :6; Export Date: 17 July 2017

Introduction Research suggests that physical activity protects against youth smoking. As a result, prevention programs that focus on physical activity to address the problem of smoking hold promise. However, more research is needed to examine the relationship between physical activity and smoking and how physical activity might be used in smoking prevention and intervention programs. The present study examined the relationship between physical activity and smoking among adolescents and young adults using a sample from Cyprus. We investigated the association between level of physical activity (very active, active, moderately active, or inactive) and type of smoking behavior (nonsmoker; occasional, regular light, or regular heavy smoker). Methods Participants were 1,390 Cypriot adolescents and young adults who completed a packet of questionnaires related to smoking and physical activity. Physical activity and demographic factors were analyzed in terms of their effect on smoking behavior. Results A consistent and negative relationship between physical activity and smoking emerged across both sex and age. The greater the intensity of youths’ physical activity, the less likely they were to smoke. Compared with inactive individuals, physically active individuals smoked fewer cigarettes and were more likely to be nonsmokers or occasional smokers. Among physically active individuals, those engaging in more intense activity were less likely to be heavy or light smokers. Discussion Results of the present study indicate that physical activity may be used as a preventive measure against smoking in adolescents and young adults. 11 969 976

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Introduction: Research suggests that physical activity protects against youth smoking. As a result, prevention programs that focus on physical activity to address the problem of smoking hold promise. However, more research is needed to examine the relationship between physical activity and smoking and how physical activity might be used in smoking prevention and intervention programs. The present study examined the relationship between physical activity and smoking among adolescents and young adults using a sample from Cyprus. We investigated the association between level of physical activity (very active, active, moderately active, or inactive) and type of smoking behavior (nonsmoker; occasional, regular light, or regular heavy smoker). Methods: Participants were 1,390 Cypriot adolescents and young adults who completed a packet of questionnaires related to smoking and physical activity. Physical activity and demographic factors were analyzed in terms of their effect on smoking behavior. Results: A consistent and negative relationship between physical activity and smoking emerged across both sex and age. The greater the intensity of youths' physical activity, the less likely they were to smoke. Compared with inactive individuals, physically active individuals smoked fewer cigarettes and were more likely to be nonsmokers or occasional smokers. Among physically active individuals, those engaging in more intense activity were less likely to be heavy or light smokers. Discussion: Results of the present study indicate that physical activity may be used as a preventive measure against smoking in adolescents and young adults. © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. 11 8 969 976 Cited By :21; Export Date: 17 July 2017

Reviews the books, Youth violence and delinquency: Monsters and myths, Volume 1: Juvenile offenders and victims edited by Marilyn D. McShane and Frank P. Williams III (see record 2007-09490-000); Youth violence and delinquency: Monsters and myths, Volume 2: Juvenile justice edited by Marilyn D. McShane and Frank P. Williams III (see record 2007-09492-000); and Youth violence and delinquency: Monsters and myths, Volume 3: Juvenile treatment and crime prevention edited by Marilyn D. McShane and Frank P. Williams III (see record 2007-09493-000). Why such commotion about youth delinquency and crime? In 1985 there were 67,000 violent offenses (murders, serious injuries, etc.) credited to minors in the United States, while there were 137,000 and 81,000 in 1995 and 2000, respectively. There were more than half a million property offenses (stealing or breaking and entering) and more than one million delinquency offenses (including drug trafficking, destroying others' property) committed by youth. And these statistics are only composed of cases recorded by the U.S. Bureau of Statistics (Wicks-Nelson & Israel, 2006). No matter what the approach in explaining youth crime, there are some realities that we cannot let go unnoticed. This is what Youth violence and delinquency: Monsters and myths is contemplating, the realism hidden behind–and sometimes right in front of our eyes–the statistics of youth delinquency. Marilyn McShane and Frank Williams have edited this three-volume compilation of chapters written by criminologists, criminal justice professors, criminal attorneys, sociologists and anthropologists, child psychologists, law enforcement officers, and other professionals who have vast experience with youth delinquency either academically as researchers or as applied professionals who are directly dealing every day with youth who commit acts of aggression or crimes. The first volume, Juvenile offenders and victims, is a wake-up call and uncovers the true extent of youth violence and delinquency. It lays down realities such as that most juvenile crime is intraracial and, with supporting evidence, exhibits that the problem is not as horrific or as prolific as the media want us to believe but rather is a mere selling point for news and the added sensation and glamour that youth crime adds to the headlines. Several chapters in the first volume give research-based recommendations for reducing offenses committed by youngsters. The second volume, Juvenile justice, could be named “youth delinquency in the eyes of the law (and the courts of law).” Every professional who is, at least, interested in issues surrounding the juvenile justice system should have a look at the 11 chapters of the second volume. Here the reader can find a good overview of the attempts to reform older laws pertaining to youth crime and an exploration of the effectiveness of newer, tougher laws for sentencing juveniles that have been passed in some U.S. states for such crimes. The favorite volume for a child psychologist or a child psychiatrist would likely be the last one, Juvenile treatment and crime prevention. Here the trilogy comes to an end with serious, informed recommendations for treating youth delinquency and serious crime. In this volume we learn about rehabilitative programs that have been implemented over the years within the United States, and an in-depth literature is laid out for the programs that have been most successful. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) 53 12

Reviews the book, Handbook of evidence-based therapies for children and adolescents: Bridging science and practice edited by Ric G. Steele, T. David Elkin, and Michael C. Roberts (see record rid]2007-13784-000/rid]). The first four chapters (Part 1 of the book) are devoted to informing the reader of the history and advances on evidence-based therapies (EBTs). Within the second part of the book (Part 2), there are 20 chapters on EBTs for psychological disorders in childhood and adolescence. Each of these chapters offers to the reader a brief synopsis of a specific disorder, etiological factors behind the development of the disorder under discussion, and, of course, a more detailed presentation of the EBT for that disorder or problem. In the last eight chapters (Part 3 of the book) mental health professionals--seasoned and junior--and graduate or psychiatry students will learn what issues they need to be most concerned about while adopting EBTs in their practice. This book is an excellent and sharp tool for every clinician (psychologist or psychiatrist) who is in search of bridging science and practice. This book will even catch the attention of the hard-core skeptics of EBTs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) 53 49 ID: 2008-09360-001; Accession Number: 2008-09360-001. Other Journal Title: Contemporary Psychology. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Constantinou, Marios. Release Date: 20081201. Publication Type: Electronic Collection (0500). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Review-Book. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Evidence Based Practice; Psychotherapy. Classification: Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling (3310). Population: Human (10). Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100); Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200). Reviewed Item: Steele, Ric G. (Ed); Elkin, T. David (Ed); Roberts, Michael C. (Ed). Handbook of evidence-based therapies for children and adolescents: Bridging science and practice=New York: Springer Science+Business Media. 585pp. $99.00; 2008. References Available: Y. Issue Publication Date: 2008.

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Reviews the book, Child and Adolescent Psychopathology: Theoretical and Clinical Implications edited by Cecilia A. Essau (see record 2006-09746-000). According to the reviewers, this is a book that covers a lot of ground in child psychopathology, complete with research findings and clinical theoretical models. Some issues affecting child psychopathology that are included are: maternal depression, low birth weight, resilience; and childhood disorders. Also included in the book are brief and to-the-point descriptions of numerous diagnostic entities of child psychopathology complete with the main Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) diagnostic features, epidemiology, comorbidity data, etiological factors, course of disorders, assessment, clinical implications, and treatment methods for each disorder. The reviewers also note that the chapters' authors follow a concise, almost universal style of writing, which allows for easy reading and would satisfy the educational needs of advanced undergraduate students, graduate and medical students, and mental health professionals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) 52 33

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Reviews the book, Child and adolescent psychiatry: A practical guide by Dorothy Stubbe (see record 2006-20528-000). Stubbe's guide conveys the feeling and care that Stubbe has for the children that she treats, for her profession (child psychiatry), and is an example of her diligence in teaching and supervising young professionals. This guide is complete with Stubbe's special advice, tips, and key points outlined in each chapter for each of the major childhood and adolescent disorders, along with their DSM-IV-TR criteria, general characteristics, etiology, prognosis, and epidemiology. A pleasant surprise in this coherently written and highly readable book is the clinical vignettes that she offers in her chapters. Her tips for establishing rapport with clients and her methods for approaching the child and the parents are quite possibly the best features of this book. She does not forget to present the readers with assessment techniques and strategies and empirically supported psychological treatments and psychopharmacological regimens. Throughout the book, she makes a conscious effort to focus not only on psychopathology but also on resilience and protective environmental factors. Special issues and challenges that deserve to be taken into consideration in assessments, case conceptualizations, and treatments of special populations and matters of comorbidity are also discussed. All in all, this handbook succeeds greatly in being a quick and to-the-point reference manual that overviews the general characteristics of many childhood disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) 52 43

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Preprint of the article published in the ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering with the same title and the following DOI: 10.1115/1.4051315

SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*. (DOC 120 kb)

A coupled microbial cell (MEC) – anaerobic granular sludge system was settled to investigate the ability of different carbon modified electrodes to enhance biodegradation of undiluted bilge water (BW) and increase methane generation. MEC is an emerging technology for converting organic matter into value-added products such as methane. According to the results, 3D graphene found to be the most promising among the three tested materials. CH4 content reached 62% in just 10 days after feeding of the anaerobic granullar sludge with 50% of real undiluted bilge water and application of 1V. Regarding chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal values as high as 63% were observed. Among different Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) normally detected during anaerobic treatment, acetic acid was the most abundant.

SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents*. (DOC 120 kb)